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Leh, Almut, Joachim Köhler, Michael Gref und Nikolaus P. Himmelmann. „Speech Analytics in Research Based on Qualitative Interviews“. Audiovisual Data in Digital Humanities 7, Nr. 14 (31.12.2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2018.jethc158.
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The paper presents aims and results of the project KA³ (Kölner Zentrum Analyse und Archivierung von audio-visual-Daten), in which advanced speech technologies are developed and provided to enhance the process of indexing and analysing speech recordings from the oral history domain and the language sciences. Close cooperation between speech technology scientists and digital humanities researchers is an important aspect of the project making sure that the development of the technologies answers the needs of research based on qualitative audio-visual interviews. For practical research reasons, the project focuses on the audio aspect, although visual aspects are of course equally important for the analysis of audio-visual data. The Cologne Centre for Analysis and Archiving of audio-visual data will provide the technologies as a central service.
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Holstein, Joachim, und Christoph L. Häuser. „Die Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) - Struktur, Aufgaben und Ziele.“ Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 55, Nr. 2 (27.12.2005): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.55.2.421-431.
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Die Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) wurde nach über dreijähriger Vorarbeit des Megascience Forum der OECD im Frühjahr 2001 mit dem Ziel gegründet, wissenschaftliche Daten und Informationen zur Biodiversität über des Internet frei verfügbar und zur besseren Nutzung zu verknüpfen. Im Rahmen einer weltweiten Forschungskooperation wird GBIF von derzeit 47 Staaten und 29 internationalen Organisationen als Mitgliedern getragen, die sich alle zur freien Bereitstellung digitaler Biodiversitätsdaten nach gemeinsamen Standards über eigene, dafür selbst einzurichtende Datenknoten verpflichtet haben. Das internationale Vorhaben wird durch einen Aufsichtsrat mit Vertretern aller Mitgliedsstaaten und –organisationen geleitet, dessen Arbeit durch mehrere Komitees und Ausschüsse unterstützt wird. Das seit 2002 in Kopenhagen, Dänemark, angesiedelte GBIF-Sekretariat betreibt den Aufbau des internationalen GBIF Portals (www.gbif.net) und unterstützt koordinierend die Aktivitäten der einzelnen Mitglieder, die sich auf vier Programmbereiche erstrecken: Standardisierung und Verknüpfung von Datenbanken (DADI), Digitalisierung von Daten zu Sammlungsobjekten (DIGIT), Katalog der bekannten Organismennamen (ECAT), sowie Ausbildung und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit (OCB). Für die deutsche Beteiligung an GBIF wurden mit Unterstützung der Bundesregierung (BMBF) sieben Datenknoten an verschiedenen Forschungsinstitutionen aufgebaut, deren Zuständigkeit sich auf unterschiedliche Organismengruppen erstreckt: 1. Insekten (Wirbellose 1) am Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart; 2. terrestrische Wirbellose (Wirbellose 2) an der Zoologischen Staatssammlung München; 3. marine Wirbellose (Wirbellose 3) am Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg in Frankfurt/Main; 4. Wirbeltiere am Zoologischen Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn; 5. Pflanzen am Botanischen Garten und Botanischen Museum Berlin; 6. Pilze an der Botanischen Staatssammlung München; 7. Mikroorganismen an der Deutschen Sammlung für Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen in Braunschweig. Die aufgrund ihrer fachlich unterschiedlichen Ausrichtung innerhalb der einzelnen Knoten zur Erfassung von Sammlungsdaten verwendeten, verschiedenen Datenbankprogramme werden kurz angeführt.StichwörterBiodiversity information, international cooperation, internet, database, collection data, GBIF node.
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Pacher, Jeanette. „Art libraries in Austria“. Art Libraries Journal 21, Nr. 4 (1996): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200010087.
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Kunstbibliotheken in Österreich können gemäß ihrer jeweiligen institutionellen Verankerung in drei Gruppen unterteilt werden: in Museums- und Universitätsbibliotheken sowie in Bibliotheken, die in anderen Austellungs-institutionen, Galerien und Kunsthallen untergebracht sind. Gerade in jüngster Vergangenheit ist die Zahl der ‘alternativen’ Ausstellungsräume stark gewachsen, die vorwiegend internationale Gegenwartskunst präsentieren und in ihren Bibliotheken und Archiven grundlegende Materialien dazu sammeln. Museums- und Universitätsbibliotheken verfügen hingegen meist über einen umfangreichen Bestand an Basisliteratur zur bildenden Kunst und Kunstgeschichte, aber auch über Literatur zu ihren Sammlungs- und Studien-schwerpunkten. Insgesamt muß festgestellt werden, daß aufgrund der äußerst unterschiedlichen Organisationsstrukturen Fragen von allgemeinem Interesse (etwa eine zentrale Vernetzung aller Daten oder eine generelle Ausbildungs-regelung) nicht koordiniert werden und die Situation daher recht unzufriedenstellend ist. Immerhin ist aber ein Trend in Richtung länger-fristiger Kooperationen im Ansatz zu erkennen. Zu nennen wären in diesem Zusammenhang etwa der Verein zur Förderung der Errichtung einer Fachhochschule für Informationsberufe (FIB) oder die ‘Kunstreferentensitzungen’, bei denen (seit 1949!) Bibliothekarlnnen aktuelle Probleme und Entwicklungen im Bibliotheksbereich diskutieren.Art libraries in Austria are basically divided into three main groups according to their specific form of institutional organisation: museum libraries, university libraries, and libraries in galleries. The latter are often situated in recently founded institutions and usually put their focus on contemporary art. Museums and university libraries traditionally have rather extensive collections of basic literature on art and art history as well as specialized literature according to the main subject of their collections. It is characteristic of the present stage of development that innovations in the organisation of these libraries (i.e. computer systems for online catalogues, specialized training, etc.) are not being co-ordinated and the results of local improvements are therefore not as rewarding as they could be. Nevertheless, the first steps towards long term cooperation are being taken, and include such initiatives as the Verein zur Förderung der Errichtung einer Fachhochschule für Informationsberufe, FIB (= Association to promote the foundation of an academy for information professions), and the Kunstreferentensitzungen, an assembly of librarians who discuss current trends and problems in library organization.
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Łanczont, Maria, Andrij Bogucki, Stanisław Fedorowicz und Jarosław Kusiak. „Mesopleistocene loess deposits in the Mamalyha 2 profile of Ukraine — interlaboratory comparison of the thermoluminescence dating results“. Geochronometria 38, Nr. 4 (01.12.2011): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0027-4.
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AbstractThe history of the interlaboratory comparison of TL dating results in Poland started in the 1980s. At that time the Lublin, Warsaw and Silesian laboratories made the first attempts at TL dating of the same loess samples from the Odonów profile. However, the cooperation ceased for many years due to great differences in the obtained TL age estimates. The next interlaboratory comparisons were made in the years 2000–2009 for the loess samples from several Polish (Dybawka, Tarnawce, Dankowice, Biały Kościół) and Ukrainian (Boyanychi, Halych, Velykyj Hlybochok, Yezupil) profiles. Most of the compared dates, obtained for the loess deposits from the Upper Pleistocene and younger part of the Middle Pleistocene, were consistent. This encouraged us to undertake the Gdańsk-Lublin interlaboratory cooperation in dating of 200-700 ka old loess deposits. Nine samples were taken from the Ukrainian profile Mamalyha 2 in 2009 for this purpose. The TL dating results indicate that comparable dates are obtained in two laboratories for loess deposits younger than 300 ka BP. The TL signal obtained in the Gdańsk laboratory for the samples older than 300 ka BP was saturated so such samples should not be dated by the multi-aliquot regeneration method. The results obtained in the Lublin laboratory for these deposits (489–682 ka) confirm that it is possible to date loess deposits older than 500 ka. It probably results from the use of total-bleach method with preheating at 160°C for the equivalent dose determination.
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Sicurelli, Daniela. „Italian cooperation with Mozambique: explaining the emergence and consolidation of a normative power“. Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, Nr. 2 (02.12.2019): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.38.
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AbstractItaly has developed a long-dated partnership with Mozambique, where it has emerged as an actor committed to norm promotion in the fields of conflict management, debt relief, and sustainable energy cooperation. This paper challenges the dominant interpretation of such a cooperative relationship that emphasizes ideational motivations and focuses, instead, on the role of Italian investors in the sectors of infrastructure and energy and of the Italian economic diplomacy. A favorable institutional and political climate in Italy has channeled investors' demands in the policy process since the independence of Mozambique. The late institutionalization of Italian development policy, the long gestation of the reform of development policy, and the lack of clear-cut borders between the competences of foreign and development cooperation institutions have empowered business groups that shape the investment strategy of the Italian foreign ministry as actors in development policy-making. Finally, convergence of interests between Italian investors and the NGO Sant'Egidio, which ultimately led to a partnership between these actors, has increased the legitimacy of Italian foreign and development policy toward Mozambique, contributing to consolidating Italy as a norm promoter in the country.
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Felber, Heinz. „Vienna Radium Institute Radiocarbon Dates XVI“. Radiocarbon 29, Nr. 3 (1987): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200043782.
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Measurements have continued with the same proportional counter system, pretreatment procedure, methane preparation and measurement, and calculation, as described previously (R, 1970, v 12, no. 1, p 298–318). Uncertainties quoted are single standard deviations. No 13C/12C ratios were measured. Sample descriptions have been prepared in cooperation with submitters. Some dates have been calibrated using the correction tables of Klein et al (1982) and are reported as “cal” ages in the comment.
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Grechana, S. I. „INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION AS UP-TO-DATE FACTOR OF ECONOMIC GROWTH“. Economics and Law, Nr. 3 (24.12.2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2015.03.051.
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Görsdorf, Jochen, und Nguyen Viet. „Berlin 14C Dates of Archaeological Sites in Vietnam“. Radiocarbon 37, Nr. 2 (1995): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030678.
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In 1968, H. Quitta, J. Herrmann, G. Kohl and P. H. Thong initiated cooperation between the Archaeological Institute in Hanoi and the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory in Berlin. Since 1969, the Berlin 14C laboratory has measured 215 14C dates from 65 archaeological sites in Vietnam. As a result, important problems in Vietnamese archaeology have been recognized and partially solved with the aid of a secure chronological framework.
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Beinkämpen, Stefan. „Cooperation of Development and Manufacturing for Up-to-date Transmission Parts“. ATZ worldwide 118, Nr. 5 (22.04.2016): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-016-0032-6.
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González, Mauricio. „El Cooperativismo en Perú, Chile y Argentina“. Perfiles Gerenciales. Gestión Social y Solidaria 6, Nr. 1 (03.04.2017): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2389-9697/per_ger_gestion.1.2017.4576.
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Los orígenes del Cooperativismo Latinoamericano datan de la llegada de inmigrantes Europeos quienes promovieron el desarrollo de cooperativas de consumo y cajas de socorro mutuo en un principio en Argentina, Brasil, México y Venezuela; posteriormente la Iglesia Católica introdujo este sistema en la Región Andina a pesar de las represiones de algunos gobiernos militares dela época, consecutivamente se crea laACI (Alianza Cooperativa Internacional), cuyo objetivo principal es "promover el reposicionamiento del modelo cooperativo en el nuevo entorno económico, político, social y comercial apoyando a las organizaciones miembros de la Alianza en la difusión y defensa de la identidad cooperativa, la promoción de los negocios y el desarrollo del Recurso humano (hoy Talento Humano)". Y es así como se inicia este sector que ha contribuido al desarrollo sostenible de la región. Para este caso en particular, nos referiremos a algunos países representativos de la economía solidaria, sus beneficios, y ejemplos de las cooperativas más importantes de estos, de tal manera que el lector amplíe su conocimiento no solo sobre este atractivo sector, sino que además logre despertar si es posible, un interés en alguna de estas cooperativas o en su defecto, tenga una idea de ellas por si en el futuro tuviese oportunidad o necesidad de hacer parte de una de ellas.
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Razzac, Amal Abdel, Linda Salahaldin, Salah Eddine Elayoubi, Yezekael Hayel und Tijani Chahed. „A Game Theoretical Real Options Framework for Investment Decisions in Mobile TV Infrastructure“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 34, Nr. 04 (August 2017): 1750014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595917500142.
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This work presents a strategic investment framework for mobile TV infrastructure. We address the question of whether an operator should enter the mobile TV market and, if yes, how and when to do so. We perform a capacity and QoS analysis that shows that Mobile TV is not a simple added-on service but requires new planning strategies that need heavy investments. We consider two possible settings: a competitive mobile TV network where a digital video broadcasting (DVB) operator and a cellular network operator build their independent networks and a cooperative setting where the TV network is mainly relying on a DVB infrastructure whose coverage can be complemented by a cellular network. Two main issues alter the investment decision of the stakeholders, namely, the market uncertainty and the competition or the willingness of cooperation between the main technological players. We define a game theoretical real options framework and propose a novel bi-level dynamic programming algorithm that solves the underlying profit maximization problem. Our numerical results illustrate the optimal investment decisions of both actors and the impact of the system parameters as well as the degree of uncertainty on the investment dates.
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Carmi, Israel, und Dror Segal. „Rehovot Radiocarbon Measurements IV“. Radiocarbon 34, Nr. 1 (1992): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220001345x.
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The following list consists of dates of archaeological samples, obtained by gas-proportional counting of ethane, between 1985 and the end of 1991. During this time a close cooperation has been established with the Israel Antiquities Authority, which now has an archaeologist (D.S.) participating in the operation of the lab and serving as a liaison officer with the archaeological community.
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Åström Elmersjö, Henrik. „Between Nordism and Nationalism: The Methods of the Norden Associations’ Educational Efforts, 1919–1965“. Nordic Journal of Educational History 7, Nr. 2 (08.12.2020): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v7i2.200.
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The Norden Associations (föreningarna Norden) were established in 1919 with the intention of promoting understanding and cooperation between the Nordic countries. The definition of “Norden” was negotiated from the very beginning, and Icelandic and Finnish associations were not established until the 1920s. Promoting understanding and cooperation was very much considered an educational effort, and Norden was imagined within educational efforts sponsored by the associations. In this regard, the associations had predecessors in the Nordic schoolteacher meetings that dated back to the age of Scandinavism in the middle of the nineteenth century. The Norden Associations created special school boards in the 1920s in order to both promote a more Nordic approach in some subjects—mainly language, geography, and history—and to promote cooperation between the countries, with the youth as the catalyst for a more Nordistic future. This article looks into how the Norden Associations imagined a Nordic school, in which a Nordic sentiment was established, and how this imagination related to the reality of the nationalistic school and to ideas of broader international cooperation, between which the “Nordic idea” has always been sandwiched. The article shows how the methods used effectively hindered the imagination of Norden and the “Nordic idea” beyond the scope of cooperation between nations.
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Bieger, Thomas, und Christian Laesser. „Managing Experiential Co-creations in Cooperative Networks – Learnings from Tourism“. Die Unternehmung 75, Nr. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0042-059x-2021-1-1.
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Tourismus ist ein multidimensionales Phänomen, das nicht nur einen wichtigen globalen Wirtschaftssektor darstellt, sondern auch geografische Muster, soziale Gemeinschaften, regionale Wirtschaftsnetzwerke und politische Beziehungen beeinflusst. Aufgrund der umfassenden Natur und des integrativen Charakters des Tourismussektors gab es schon immer Bestrebungen, diesen Untersuchungsgegenstand auf der Grundlage systemischer und disziplinübergreifender Ansätze zu analysieren. Eine der Haupteigenschaften touristischer Dienstleistungen ist die Abhängigkeit von Co-Kreationen, denn touristische Produkte bestehen aus verschiedenen Dienstleistungselementen, die von unabhängigen Unternehmen zusammen mit Kunden erbracht werden. Diese Sonderausgabe enthält Beiträge, die verschiedene Perspektiven auf die Koordination der touristischen Dienstleistungskette abdecken. Es enthält auch Artikel, die sich mit wichtigen Ressourcen mit öffentlichem Gut-Charakter für touristische Unternehmensnetzwerke und Destinationen befassen, wie z.B. Daten und Qualität von Arbeitsmärkten. Zweitwohnungen eröffnen den Zugang zu wichtigen Ressourcen für Destinationen. Die unterschiedlichen Rollen von Kunden als Koproduzenten, Kunden und sogar Investoren sind ein Thema, das ebenfalls behandelt wird.de
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Eskola, Antti, und David Kivinen. „Cooperation and the Logic of Action“. Meta 35, Nr. 2 (30.09.2002): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003321ar.
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Abstract This study has two purposes. As a social-psychological contribution to the theory of translation, it points to some of the advantages and drawbacks of the researcher's participation in the translation of scientific texts. As a contribution to social-psychological theory, it wishes to demonstrate that forms of cooperation cannot be planned in abstracto, without taking the overall social activity of the actors into account, of which participation in cooperation is only one part. One of the most original and ingenious inventions in the social sciences dates back to the early 1950's: the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma (see Rapoport 1982). With perplexing accuracy, it puts it quite plainly that, first, action taken by individuals upon perfectly rational deliberation does not necessarily lead to collective rationality. Also, showing how a social structure may produce forces motivating the individual, the Prisoner's Dilemma has something to give to social psychologists. Even in the event that the prisoners have had the opportunity to discuss different strategies and jointly decide on adopting one, each is tempted to betray the other - and both are afraid that they will be betrayed. Psychological motives, the temptation and the fear, arise out of the logic of the social situation. Our intention has been to show that translation as a social activity involves motivating forces, assumptions to do with competence, and restrictive factors that all shape the scientist-translator cooperation irrespective of their deliberate pursuits. Therefore, rather than planning it oh an abstract basis, the working method has to be deduced from the logic of action. In doing so, we will see that cooperation cannot be symmetric; the weight is necessarily on the translator's role. The scientist, then, comes into the picture when the translator needs help; he does not have to be prepared for regular and face-to-face interaction with the translator, but only to make sure that the message of his text is conveyed (provided that he has the competence in the target language). Cooperation between translator and editor, in turn, is much more dependent on face-to-face interaction.
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Walker, A. J., R. L. Otlet, R. A. Housley und Johannes van der Plicht. „Operation of the Harwell UK 14C Data Base and its Expansion Through Data Exchange with Other Laboratories“. Radiocarbon 32, Nr. 1 (1990): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220003993x.
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The use of computer data bases for storage and retrieval of 14C data is a logical application for the rapidly expanding numbers of 14C determinations. Harwell has established a data base for all samples originating from sites in the United Kingdom and Eire. The core of the data is the Council for British Archaeology's published Index of Radiocarbon Dates which we are expanding to include all Harwell UK dates released for publication by the submitters plus dates from other laboratories both within and outside the UK. As a demonstration of the feasibility of direct database-to-database communication, cooperation has been sought from Groningen and Oxford to transfer computer files containing 14C results for UK sites. Neither of these laboratories use the same system as Harwell for their in-house data base and this exercise highlights the importance of a transfer language for both the national and international schemes as it is no longer practical to carry out such procedures through keyboard typing.
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Dragan, Irinel. „Scheduling Jobs with a Common Due Date via Cooperative Game Theory“. American Journal of Operations Research 03, Nr. 05 (2013): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajor.2013.35042.
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Widodo, Inaryu Melly Triyani, und Bambang Sugeng Dwiyanto. „Kinerja Koperasi PRIMKOPPOL Resor Gunung Kidul“. Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, dan Entrepreneurship 5, Nr. 2 (30.06.2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v5i2.161.
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Since 2006 the government of the Republic of Indonesia has awarded to cooperatives achievement. This study is a description of which is an analysis by taking a cooperative object "Primkoppol Resort Gunungkidul". The purpose of analysis is to determine whether the cooperative has met the criteria of cooperative achievement in 2012-2014 reviewed according to the Regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives, Small and Medium Enterprises in 2006 on Guidelines for Assessment of Cooperative Achievement/Cooperative Award. The analysis shows that "Primkoppol Resort Gunungkidul" cooperative in the period 2012-2014 includes performance categories good / fairly good because of the four aspects assessed scored 70.5 in 2012 and 69 respectively for 2013 and 2014. However, since there are still some elements of sub aspects are worth 0 (return on equity, net profit margin, curent ratio, accounts receivable turnover and employment) it can not be categorized based on the achievement of cooperative Ministerial Regulation No.06/Per/M.KUKM/V/2006, dated May 1, 2006
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Hasani, Nikolin. „Order of the International Ban and Albania's Agreements with Other Countries“. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2, Nr. 1 (30.08.2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v2i1.p93-97.
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Higher stage of cooperation in criminal matters between European states is undisputed the adoption of the International Order of Prohibition (UEN) which was materialized by means of Decision Framework Constitution Nr.584 , dated June 13, 2002. This decision was endorsed by the EU Council and published in its official bulletin on June 18, 2002. Among the EU member states this order replaces classical Extradition procedure, except when some member states have declared that they will continue to implement the conventions of Extradition. From this moment the extradition procedures applied within the EU, are without legal force. The aim of this paper is to present a brief analyse of Albania’s agreements with other countries, pointing out specific aims of them, specific conditions of implementations according the specifical need for judicial cooperation between Albania and each of these countries
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Nash, Marian. „Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law“. American Journal of International Law 88, Nr. 2 (April 1994): 312–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204103.
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By two circular notes, both dated December 22, 1993, the Secretary of State informed the Chiefs of Mission at Washington,,first, of recently enacted congressional legislation related to nonpayment of parking fines or penalties owed to the District of Columbia, and second, of a new policy with respect to payment of parking tickets, effective January 1, 1994, that the Department of State had initiated in response to congressional concerns about the problem and in cooperation with the District of Columbia.
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Bouhazzama, Malak, und Mssassi Said. „Cooperative benchmarking at the heart of public policies“. E3S Web of Conferences 229 (2021): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122901028.
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In Morocco, the emergence of the cooperative sector in a structured and organized form dates back to the 1980s, although the culture of solidarity, mutual aid and collective work constitute a component of Moroccan culture and traditions. Indeed, social economy organizations, particularly associations and cooperatives, have rapidly developed thanks to the efforts made by the State, especially in the rural world for the financing and support of development projects, the fight against illiteracy, precariousness and poverty, the promotion and integration of women into the economic circuit. Even today and since May 18, 2005, the date of the launch of the National Human Development Initiative (INDH) by His Majesty King Mohamed VI, the aim of this study is to compare the Moroccan Model of cooperative with the other’s counties models.
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BZ, Fazli Syam, Iskandarsyah Iskandarsyah, Evayani Evayani und Cut Afrianandra. „PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI DAN PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN BAGI MANAJER DAN STAF KEUANGAN KOPERASI USAHA PENANAMAN DAN PENGOLAHAN KOPI DI KABUPETEN ACEH TENGAH DAN BENER MERIAH“. Jurnal Terapan Abdimas 3, Nr. 2 (13.07.2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/jta.v3i2.2801.
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<p><strong><em>Abstract.</em></strong><em> The accounting and financial reporting training aims to provide knowledge (methods / techniques) and accounting practices that start from the accounting cycle in preparing financial statements for cooperative managers and finance staff towards transparent, accountable, accountable, self-sustaining and transparent cooperative governance justice. The cooperative must have a reliable and valid financial management system so that cooperative management that is familial and mutual cooperation requires the active participation and participation of all stakeholders.The training was conducted at the Coffe and Coffeemaking Cooperative in Central Aceh and Bener Meriah Regency involving 45 participants from 13 cooperatives consisting of Managers and Finance Staff. The training was conducted for 3 (three) dated March 17 - 19, 2017. In the initial phase, training needs analysis has been done to obtain preliminary information about understanding and accounting practices in the targeted cooperatives.The final outcomes of training for cooperatives are the preparation of the Preliminary Balance Sheet and the Financial Statements of Cooperatives for the period of December 31, 2016 and the continuing recording of transactions for the period of 2017 until the preparation of the Financial Statements of December 31, 2017.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Accounting, Financial Statement, Cooperative, Governance</em></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong>.Pelatihan akuntansi dan penyusunan laporan keuangan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan (metode/teknik) dan praktik akuntansi yang dimulai dari siklus akuntansi dalam menyusun laporan keuangan bagi para manajer dan staf keuangan koperasi guna menuju tata kelola koperasi yang transparan, akuntabel, bertanggungjawab, mandiri, dan berkeadilan. Koperasi harus memiliki sistem manajemen keuangan yang handal dan valid sehingga tata kelola koperasi yang bersifat kekeluargaan dan gotong royong menuntut peran dan partisipasi aktif dari seluruh anggota <em>(stakeholder</em>). Pelatihan ini dilakukan pada Koperasi Usaha Penamanan dan Pengolahan Kopi di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dan Bener Meriah yang melibatkan 45 orang peserta dari 13 Koperasi yang terdiri dari Manajer dan Staf Keuangan. Pelatihan dilakukan selama 3 (tiga) tanggal 17 – 19 Maret 2017. Pada tahap awal telah dilakukan analisis kebutuhan pelatihan guna mendapatkan informasi awal tentang pemahaman dan praktik akuntansi pada koperasi yang disasar.Dampak akhir (outcome) dari pelatihan bagi koperasi adalah tersusunnya Neraca Awal dan Laporan Keuangan Koperasi untuk periode 31 Desember 2016 dan berlanjutnya pencatatan transaksi periode tahun 2017 sampai tersusunan Laporan Keuangan 31 Desember 2017.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: Akuntansi, Laporan Keuangan, Koperasi, Tata Kelola</strong></p>
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Sosale, Sujatha, und Tania Cantrell Rosas-Moreno. „Framing cooperation among regional economic powers: The South in global spheres of influence“. International Communication Gazette 78, Nr. 8 (27.07.2016): 755–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048516639699.
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This study examined the coverage of the trilateral commission of India, Brazil, and South Africa (IBSA) in the national press of these three countries over a 6-year period. Even though this group has pre-dated the Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (BRICS) group and shares an affinity from political and economic standpoints, it has received little attention in media research. The goal of the study was to understand how news media framed the relationship among the IBSA member nations, and their individual and collective policy stances to their citizens. Each news source emphasized different areas of the cooperation; all three news sources expressed faith in IBSA to varying degrees, but also kept a close eye on the more recently formed BRICS. In sum, this study offers an exploratory view of cooperation among emerging regional economic powers located across and lobbying for the South in contemporary global spheres of influence.
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Liu, Peng, und Xiaoli Wang. „Maximum Lateness Scheduling on Two-Person Cooperative Games with Variable Processing Times and Common Due Date“. Journal of Optimization 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7150637.
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A new maximum lateness scheduling model in which both cooperative games and variable processing times exist simultaneously is considered in this paper. The job variable processing time is described by an increasing or a decreasing function dependent on the position of a job in the sequence. Two persons have to cooperate in order to process a set of jobs. Each of them has a single machine and their processing cost is defined as the minimum value of maximum lateness. All jobs have a common due date. The objective is to maximize the multiplication of their rational positive cooperative profits. A division of those jobs should be negotiated to yield a reasonable cooperative profit allocation scheme acceptable to them. We propose the sufficient and necessary conditions for the problems to have positive integer solution.
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Cragg, Anthony. „A Partnership for Peace and Other Practical Cooperation: Achievements to Date and Prospects for the Future“. Whitehall Papers 37, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681309609414626.
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Bonora, Gian Luca. „A General Revision of the Chronology of the Tagisken North Burial Ground“. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 24, Nr. 1-2 (05.11.2018): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341334.
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AbstractThe burial ground of Tagisken North, characterised by seven monumental mausolea and other adjoining structures made of mud brick and rammed earth, was excavated and studied by members of the “Khorezm Expedition” (KhAEE) in the 60’s and dated to the beginning of the 1st millennium BC (9th-8th centuries BC). This cemetery boasts a significant amount of artefacts pertaining to the Late Andronovo period.In light of new archaeological findings and recent chronological refinements, and thanks to improved scientific cooperation within the academic world, greater accuracy in determining the chronology of steppe cultures through abundant radiocarbon dating and better research standards, the time has now come for a general revision of the chronology of this burial ground.The radiocarbon sequence for the Andronovo culture is notably a subject of heated debate, due to the wide range of absolute dating. The differences between the chronological frames of Central Asia proposed by Russian-Central Asian and foreign archaeologists are considerable. Calibrated dates have, of course, extended the traditional periodization leading to alternative “high” chronologies, i.e. 300-500 years earlier than the traditional chronologies based on cross-cultural analogies and formal comparisons. Steppe and Pre-Aral materials may now be unquestionably linked to artefacts from Middle Asia. In the best of circumstances, the latter may in turn be linked to historical chronologies established for the Ancient Near and Middle East.In light of this evidence, this paper proposes that the northern part of the Tagisken plateau was used as a burial ground as far back as the mid-2nd millennium BC, if not earlier, and continued to be used as such until the 13th century BC.
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NEWCOMER, DANIEL. „Delineating the Peace: Marking Oaxaca's State Boundaries, 1856–1912“. Journal of Latin American Studies 50, Nr. 2 (07.04.2017): 291–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x17000426.
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AbstractThis article analyses efforts by the state of Oaxaca to mark its border from 1856 to 1912. State officials hoped to demarcate a permanent border along the frontier as a way to delineate a peaceful ending to on-going boundary disputes, some of which allegedly dated to pre-Columbian times. The activity of marking Oaxaca's boundary effectively represented a literal process of Mexican state formation. Oaxaca officials attempted to negotiate the state's jurisdictional limits in cooperation with other federations as well as with their own citizens as they located the parameters of the state and the limits of its authority during the era.
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Secerov, Velimir, und Marija Nevenic. „Danube space in Serbia through history up to date: Short overview“. Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 84, Nr. 2 (2004): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0402223s.
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Up to date Danube space is the most developed region in its category. The biggest cities in Serbia belong to the Danube axis, the biggest economic potentials and development possibilities. At the same time border regions along the Danube become potentially regions with the biggest chance for spatial integration with the neighboring countries. This way, they are opening the possibility of state territory promotion. Such a trend is the consequence of the Danube natural position and its important for the Balkan Space and Europe in general, as well as the historical facts talking about the unbreakable relation of the nations along the Danube (from ancient Greeks up to date) who were searching, through history, over him the reasons for cooperation and mutual development. That is why this paper is trying to give a short chronological overview upon the use of the Danube potentials and look back on the present state and perspectives in the Serbian Danube Space.
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Blondel, Jean-Luc. „Cooperation between National Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross: an essential and demanding partnership“. International Review of the Red Cross 38, Nr. 323 (Juni 1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400090951.
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The ICRC has always maintained contacts, often close ones, with the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. According to Article 3 of the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, “the National Societies form the basic units and constitute a vital force of the Movement”. In this sense, the ICRC regards them as special partners in the conduct of its humanitarian activities, as it recently re-emphasized in its strategic study on the organization's future, which it shared with all the National Societies in a letter dated 16 December 1997: “As a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement — of which it is the founder — the ICRC works to ensure respect for the Fundamental Principles and cooperates primarily with the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and their Federation” (emphasis added).
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Stojic, Dragoslav, Djordje Djordjevic und Jasmina Stojic. „DYNET project: DAAD joint curriculum development in civil engineering of University of Nis“. Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 6, Nr. 1 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0801001s.
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DYNET Project has greatly contributed to the development of high engineering education at the University of Nis, since year 2000. This project has been financed by the German DAAD program, in the framework of the South East Europe Stability Pact, and the goal of the project is primarily development of high education in the region, and education of young engineers. The project began at the Ruhr University of Bochum (RUB) in cooperation with the Universities of Nis (UN), Skopje and Sarajevo, and later expanded to other universities. The basis of cooperation is a very successful long term cooperation of two universities of RUB and UN, that dates back to 1975 and which has been managed by professor Guenther Schmid of the University of Bochum. A reform of the Curriculum was initiated at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of Nis in 2000 and it has been officially underway for three years. The programs have been organized along the principles of the Bologna process. The studies are divided into three levels: Bachelor Studies, Master Studies, and Doctoral Studies. The programs of the studies comprise study fields such as bridges, tunnels, hydraulic engineering, road and rail networks or residential, commercial and industrial buildings. The paper promotes the benefits of the participation of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Nis in the DYNET project, as well as the analysis and challenges which were present in the process of engineering education.
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Morozko, Nat I., N. I. Morozko und V. J. Didenko. „Risk Minimization in Consumer Credit Cooperative Activities“. Economics, taxes & law 12, Nr. 4 (06.09.2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-4-60-67.
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The subject of the research is risks in consumer credit cooperative activities in the context of economic instability. The purpose of the article is developing methods of risk minimization in terms of the authors’ approach to cooperative risks classification. The importance of the research lies in the fact that risks are an integral part of the consumer credit cooperative process of functioning; therefore there is a necessity of appropriate risk assessment that will enable businesses to mitigate possible losses. Consumer credit cooperatives have some distinctive features in comparison with other credit institutions. The authors identify risks of consumer credit cooperatives, and analyze different approaches to risk assessment. While assessing the risks of cooperatives the authors suggest using scoring method according to international standards for building risk management system. It is proved that scoring is the most optimal and effective instrument for the consumer credit market. It is noted that probability of material losses arises as a result of financial risks, while nonfinancial risks result in both material and nonmaterial losses. The authors also pay attention to the fact that the guiding lines in determining the limit value of risks appear in financial norms of consumer credit cooperatives established by the Central Bank. Methods of minimization of consumer credit cooperative risks are proposed. The authors come to the conclusion that monitoring of credit risks must be conducted at every stage of crediting in order to detect problems with loan clearing off at due dates, which allows to provide effective management of the cooperative loan portfolio and to mitigate risks.
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Yu, Jian Jun, und Qiang Qiang Zhu. „Due Date Model Build and Analysis Based on Multi-Vendors“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (Januar 2014): 1302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.1302.
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The due date set is affected by the coordination and cooperation between enterprise and customers and due date requirement and sensitivity degreed of different types of customers are different. In order to analyze more complex situations, the problem and its model including two vendors, one manufacturers and consumers is studied in the paper. Firstly, the model is built and analyzed in view of the vendors, and the optimal due date is obtained after calculation. The analysis results show that there is not any relationship between the order function and the demand quantity, the demand quantity does not affect the order period. Secondly, the model is built and analyzed in view of the manufacturer, and the optimal due date is obtained after calculation, and the inventory cost coefficient is calculated. The analysis results show that the inventory cost arising from delay in delivery is actually proportional function about the overall demand for A. Finally, the model is built and analyzed in view of the coordination between the manufacturer and the vendors, and the optimal due date is obtained after calculation, and the maximum of whole supply chain profit is calculated. According to the benefit analysis, the whole profit is indeed bigger than separate operation.
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Zhao, Huirong. „NECESSITY, FEASIBILITY, AND CHOICE OF WAY OF INTEGRATING THE GREATER EURASIAN PARTNERSHIP AND THE INITIATIVE CALLED “ONE BELT, ONE PATH”“. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, Nr. 1 (2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2021-1-109-116.
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The article covers the combination of two large-scale integration projects, the Great Eurasian Partnership (Russian Federation) and the initiative called One Belt, One Path (People’s Republic of China). Following the joint statement of the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation dated 5 June 2019, which sets out the fundamental provisions of a comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction between the two countries, the author states that the cooperation between Russia and China is conditioned by a number of the political, economic, cultural, and geographical factors; that it can bring tangible benefits not only to Moscow and Beijing, but to almost the entire Eurasian continent, as well as stabilise the global situation. However, in the process of their interaction Russia and China constantly encounter various obstacles, which manifest themselves at the bilateral, regional, and global levels and significantly slow down the implementation of joint projects, which are mutually beneficial. In this work, the author proves that the cumulative intensifying effect on the cooperation between Russia and China can be provided by the strategy of “pairing” integration projects of Russia and China, which the parties have been implementing quite consistently and steadily since 2014.
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Mudrak, R. P. „Increasing the competitiveness of agricultural producers and developing of the cooperation“. Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, Nr. 97 (28.12.2020): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-2-187-198.
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One of the reasons for the insufficient level of competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers is the low level of economic culture. The problem is of a systemic nature, since it is not limited only to the operation of outdated technologies, morally and physically worn out equipment. The same goes for morally outdated management, organizational, marketing approaches, etc. This problem is most acute in the small-scale sector of agricultural producers. There are a large number of small-scale agricultural producers in Ukraine. Their characteristic feature is the use of low-intensity resource-intensive technologies. This makes them less competitive. The management and marketing of small-scale economic units is primitive. Their biggest problem is the excessive costs of material and technical supplies and the loss of part of the income in the sale of finished products. The reason is the unsatisfactory level of economic coordination at these stages of production. The uncontested form of increasing the competitive position of small-scale agricultural producers is the creation of service cooperatives. Their task is to ensure a significant improvement in the organization and management of material and technical supply and the promotion of their products in the market. The proliferation of service cooperatives is restrained by imperfect legislation, a weak material base and a shortage of resources, and a lack of qualified personnel. A positive step towards state stimulation of the development of the rural cooperative movement was the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated June 3, 2020, No. 447. The adopted amendments removed restrictions on the areas of activity of agricultural service cooperatives that can benefit from financial support and the mandatory number of members in it. The list of domestic machinery and equipment has also been expanded by eliminating the condition for their compliance with the list of domestic machinery and equipment for the agro-industrial complex, the cost of which is partially compensated by the state budget.
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Nanda, Yulia Vidya, und Apriani Dorkas Rambu Atahau. „AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON PENSION FUNDS’ PORTFOLIO AND INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE: THE EFFECT OF PENSION FUNDS’ SIZE“. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 22, Nr. 2 (01.09.2020): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jmk.22.2.115-121.
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This study seeks to investigate whether larger pension funds exhibit better investment performance than smaller ones and differences in the selection of investment instruments between large and small pension funds. Our research sample is 13 pension funds that are the members of BKS Dapen-KI (Badan Kerja Sama Dana Pensiun Kristen Indonesia – the Cooperation Council of Christian Pension Fund in Indonesia) in 2010-2017. We use the quantitatively descriptive and independent-sample t-test methods. The results indicate no significant difference between the performance of large and small pension funds likely because both pension fund types have relatively similar total assets. However, large and small pension funds have exhibit different investment instruments selection.
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Komar, O. V. „EXPERIENCE OF USE OF THE RADIOCARBON METHOD DATING OF EARLY SLAVIC SITES FROM UKRAINE (1970—1987)“. Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 30, Nr. 1 (25.03.2019): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.01.20.
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The introduction of radiocarbon dating method in USSR and Ukrainian archeology was much slower compared to world practice. Natural scientific methods of dating in archeology have found quick application for the study of prehistoric sites — from the Paleolithic to the late Bronze Age. Much more time passed before the method began to be used for dating of sites of the 1st and 2nd millennium AD.
The initiative of serial sampling from the medieval archaeological complexes of Ukraine for radiocarbon analysis initially came not from archaeologists. This led at the first stage to a confrontation between traditional archaeological methods of analysis and the new «revolutionary» approaches of the natural sciences.
In 1968 mathematician A. S. Buhai collected 63 samples of charcoal from different parts of the «Zmievi Valy» («Snake Ramparts») and hillforts of the Kyiv region. At least 34 results were obtained from 3 different laboratories. All results attributed the time of existence of fortifications not to the Middle Ages, but to the 2nd century BC — 7th century AD, what caused the emergence of the sensational concept of the Early Slavic state in the Middle Dnieper region long before the formation of the Old Rus’ state.
Institute of Archaeology (Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR) has developed a big project for complex researches of these fortifications led by M. P. Kuchera. During 1974—1985, many fortifications of «Zmievi Valy» in different regions were studied archaeologically. The facts of overlapping of settlements of the 3th—7th centuries AD by ramparts as well as the presence of Old Rus’ artifacts of the 10th—13th centuries in the body of wooden and earth structures of ramparts were recorded. Stratigraphic and archaeological data confidently dated the ramparts to the Middle Ages, while 28 radiocarbon dates for samples, carefully selected from wooden constructions of fortifications, showed a chaotic spread of dates from the 24th century BC until the 14th century AD. The verdict of M. P. Kuchera on the possibility of using the radiocarbon dating method for the archeology of Middle Ages was naturally negative.
Geologist L. V. Firsov faced a similar problems after collecting in 1970 of 57 samples from archaeological complexes of Chersonesos and 33 samples from other sites of Crimea. Believing in the high accuracy of the radiocarbon dating method, he tried to explain the wide scatter of radiocarbon dates from the same medieval objects by their existence for half a millennium, what was rejected by archaeologists.
The Institute Archeology and the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Institute of Geochemistry and Mineral Physics af the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR managed joint project to get answers to the topical questions of Ukrainian archaeologists concerning the possibilities of the radiocarbon dating method in archeology. Two institutes approved a joint plan theme for 1973—1978 «Determination of the age of archeological sites by the natural scientific methods», for which a Coordination Council was established, led by D. Ya. Telegin and E. V. Sobotovich. According to the first report of the group, 237 samples were collected from various archaeological sites, for which 148 datings were successfully obtained (62.4 %).
Cooperation continued further, but radiocarbon dates for archaeological cultures of the historical period from Ukraine had a little accuracy again on this stage of the radiocarbon method development (1974—1987). Thus, out of 31 examined medieval samples only 5 matched to archeological datings. 12 samples from sites of 6th — 10th centuries gave 7 dates, only 4 of them were in agreement with archaeological dating. For 12 samples from sites of Zarubyntsi and Chernyakhiv cultures 5 dates were received, and only one was in agreement with archaeological dating. The problem of the difference in these cases cannot be solved with the help of modern calibration of radiocarbon dates.
After the complete fiasco of the initial stage of the radiocarbon dating of the medieval archaeological objects from Ukraine (1970—1973), a small step forward was made in 1974—1987. But this did not convince archaeologists in the rationality of using the method of radiocarbon dating for cultures with a wide choice of dating markers. The situation remained stable until the present stage of development of the accelerator mass spectrometry dating which makes again actual the renewal of the program of radiocarbon dating for the Early Slavic cultures of the 1st millennium AD.
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Naydenova, I. „INTERIOR DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE PRISM OF TIME: FROM CONFLICT TO COOPERATION“. Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 1, Nr. 1 (17.12.2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2019-1-1-32-37.
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As a research area, interior design took shape in the 20s of the last century, despite the fact that the practice of decorating living spaces dates back many hundreds of years. However, the "self-sufficiency" of design and its connection with architecture to this day is the subject of scientific discussions of urban specialists, historians, art historians, and anthropologists. The article discusses the leading artistic styles and trends that prevailed in architecture and design from the point of view of their mutual influence on each other. Time frame of the research: from the middle of XIX century to the first half of XX century.
As a result of the research of foreign experience in the formation of interior design, the main stages of the movement development and its relationship with architecture in two formations were identified: activities directly dependent on architectural decisions, activities that determine the entire design process to a large extent: from the functional zoning of the premises to the features of the placement of utilities in the building.
Entering the information era in art as a whole is characterized by the rejection of slogans that clearly delineate stylistic boundaries and determine the role of a designer in creating the living space. The determining factor influencing the integrity of the building’s appearance in a modern view is the harmony of the facade and the internal content, which was made possible thanks to the equal interaction of the architect and designer, starting from the first half of the 20th century.
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Logan, J., und M. A. Mueller. „Using Geospatial Techniques and GIS to Develop Maps of Freeze Probabilities and Growing Degrees“. HortScience 35, Nr. 4 (Juli 2000): 558D—558c. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.558d.
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Tennessee is located in an area of diverse topography, ranging in elevation from <100 m to ≈2000 m, with numerous hills and valleys. The physiography makes it very difficult to spatially interpolate weather data related to vegetable production, such as spring and fall freeze dates and growing degree days (GDD). In addition, there is a poor distribution of cooperative weather stations, especially those with 30 years or more of data. There are climate maps available for Tennessee, but they are of such a general format as to be useless for operational applications. This project is designed to use a geographic information system (GIS) and geospatial techniques to spatially interpolate freeze (0 °C) dates and GDD for different base temperatures and make the data available as Internet-based maps. The goal is to develop reasonable climate values for vegetable growing areas <1000 m in elevation at a 100 square km resolution. The geostatistics that we are evaluating include Thiessen polygons, triangulated irregular network (TIN), inverse distance weighting (IDW), spline, kriging, and cokriging. Data from 140 locations in and around Tennessee are used in the analysis. Incomplete data from 100 other locations are used to validate the models. GDD, which have much less year-to-year variability than freeze dates, can be successfully interpolated using inverse distance weighting (IDW) or spline techniques. Even a simple method like Thiessen produces fairly accurate maps. Freeze dates, however, are better off analyzed on an annual basis because the patterns can vary significantly from year to year. The annual maps can then be superimposed to give a better estimate of average spring and fall freeze dates.
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Dudin, Pavel N., und Zufar F. Khusainov. „Преддоговорные основы «экспорта революции» в Восточной Азии и региональный политический порядок в зоне советского влияния: позитивный опыт и социалистическая идеология в Монголии. Год 1921. Часть 1“. Oriental Studies 14, Nr. 1 (05.04.2021): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-53-1-8-23.
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Introduction. In November of 1921 after the meeting between Mongolian officials and Vladimir Lenin, an Agreement on Friendly Relations between the two states was concluded. This significant act confirmed the mutual recognition of the only legitimate government by both counterparties, measures of prevention of unfriendly actions by third parties, exchange of plenipotentiary representatives and ambassadors, state border regulations and the most favorable nation treatment for citizens whilst visiting the counterparty and jurisdiction. It also provided the regulations for a number of trade matters, intercommunication issues, questions of personal property etc., however, in actuality this document touched upon a smaller realm of mutual relations that had already been established before the execution of the Agreement, having been formalized in other documents, such as letters and memorandums. These precontractual acts are of genuine interest not only due to their uncertain legal nature and consequences, but also because they cover a much wider range of collaboration and cooperation issues than the Agreement dated November 5, 1921. Goals. So, the paper attempts an interdisciplinary insight into the mentioned documents (addresses, diplomatic notes, letters, etc.) to have preceded the Agreement and formalized Soviet Russia’s foreign policy in the region and its presence in the territory of Outer Mongolia ― to determine the role and impact of the former. Materials and Methods. The study focuses on widely known materials contained in diverse published collections of documents from the Soviet era that were never viewed by most researchers as important tools to have guaranteed the national interests in the Far East. To facilitate a more comfortable perception of the investigated materials by different specialists, the paper was divided in two ― Part One to focus on research tools and its ideological essentials, and Part Two to emphasize certain instruments to have secured the ‘export of revolution’. Results. The article specifies four key lines of cooperation: 1) bilateral collaboration that includes ‘export of ideology’ and sufficient tools thereto, such as disassociation from former political regimes, support for anticolonial sentiments, securement of equal rights in foreign policy issues, cooperative struggle against the common ideological enemy ― world capitalism, ‘soft power’ in the form of educational projects; 2) security arrangements for Soviet territories and borders, including assistance to Mongolian comrades in their fight against the White Guard, allocation of the Red Army units within Mongolian territories until the complete eradication of the White threat, with the participation of military units from the Far Eastern Republic; 3) economic cooperation through mutual financial and economic support of industrial construction projects, resource development and social infrastructure initiatives, etc., 4) joint actions on the international stage pinnacled with the recognition of the Mongolian People’s Republic by China (1945) and the rest of the world community (1961). This shows that during the shaping of the political agenda towards Mongolia the then Soviet leaders did not view contractual aspects of the mechanism as fundamental, and attached no paramount importance to international agreements, which had been distinctive of the Russian Empire.
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Zvozdetska, Oksana. „NATO’s new strategic concept in cybersecurity issues in the context of up-to-the date vulnerability and threat information“. Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, Nr. 6 (17.12.2018): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2018.6.71-93.
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The focus of the article revolves around NATO’s roadmap of smart defense against cyber attacks as the bedrock of Euro-Atlantic security. The author discloses NATO’S new policy and cutting-edge technical initiatives, aimed at focusing on countering global threats and cyber security challenges. It is stressed out, that new ideas towards a more synergetic approach between all the NATO Cyber Defense agencies should be explored to develop a shared framework for cybersecurity that might provide up-to-the date intelligence in order to ensure the development, acquisition and maintenance of the necessary military capabilities. The research highlights the core aspects of the 2010 Lisbon Summit that adopted NATO’s Strategic Concept ‘Active Engagement, Modern Defense: Strategic Concept for the Members of the North Atlantic. Treaty Organization’, that recognizes Cyber Defense as one of its strategic priorities. In particular, to foster Allied Nations’ cooperative efforts to counter terrorism, cyber attacks, prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD), Reinforce energy security and environmental constraints. Develop the capacity to contribute to energy security, including protection of critical energy infrastructure and transit areas and lines, cooperation with partners, and consultations among Allies on the basis of trategic assessments and contingency planning; In July 2011, NATO Defense Ministers adopted revised NATO Policy on Cyber Defense, which highlighted three areas: • The principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, which involve the assistance provided only upon request, in any other cases, the principle of selfresponsibility of sovereign states is applied; • Avoiding unnecessary duplication of the structures or capabilities and approaches on the international, regional and national levels; • Collaboration based on trust, with regard to the potential sensitivity and vulnerability of the system, the access to which has to be given. After the 2014 Wales Summit, in the revised NATO Cyber Defense Policy, cyber threats were identified as a potential prerequisite for collective defense under the Article 5 of the NATO Treaty. Noteworthy, Cyber Security is responsible for providing the broad spectrum of services in the following specialist security areas: CIS Security, Cyber Defense, Information Assurance, and Computer & Communications Security. Cyber defense is provided by many Alliance bodies: any NATO response concerning collective defense against cyber attacks will be subordinated to the North Atlantic Council (NAC), The Cyber Defense Committee (CDC) – the leading advisory body of the NAC. The executive level is represented by The Cyber Defense Management Board (CDMB), NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCI Agency), Cyber Security incorporates the NATO Computer Incident Response Capability (NCIRC) Technical Centre, providing specialist services to prevent, detect, respond to and recover from cyber security incidents.
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Shibata, Setsuko, Eiko Kawano und Takeshige Nakabayashi. „Research Center of Radioisotopes at University of Osaka Prefecture Radiocarbon Dates I“. Radiocarbon 39, Nr. 1 (1997): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200040935.
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The radiocarbon dating laboratory has been in operation since 1984 at the Radiation Center of Osaka Prefecture (OR), predecessor of the Research Center of Radioisotopes, University of Osaka Prefecture. We use liquid scintillation counting (LSC), following sample conversion to methanol through combustion and LiAlH4 reduction. This method was developed by Yamada et al. (Yamada, Higashimura and Shidei 1966; Yamada and Kobashigawa 1986). In cooperation with Yamada, we somewhat modified their procedure: 1) sample charcoal is burned at 700° in the presence of CuO needles and Sulfix grains to remove sulfur and halogen compounds produced during the combustion; 2) the combustion is carried out by using N2-O2 mixed gas of minimized O2 content and stopped when a small amount of the charcoal still remains unchanged, because precise investigation of methanol preparation revealed that O2 gas stimulates byproduct formation during LiAlH4 reduction (Shibata et al. 1985; Shibata et al. 1993). Usually, methanol is prepared directly from sample charcoal in a reaction apparatus (“direct method”). When the sample quantity is insufficient, generated CO2 is isolated as CaCO3 and diluted with inactive commercial CaCO3 if necessary (< 40 g of CaCO3 yield). Then CaCO3 is hydrolyzed with HCl to CO2 for methanol preparation in the usual way (“separate method”). We use standard oxalic acid SRM 4990C (HOxII) for determination of modern 14C (Stuiver 1983). The acid is oxidized to CO2 using the wet method of Valastro, Land and Valera (1977) followed by methanol preparation in the same manner as for unknown samples.
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Pantelić, Svetlana. „Reserve 100-Dinar banknote“. Bankarstvo 49, Nr. 4 (2020): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bankarstvo2004088p.
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The 100-dinar banknote dated 15 July 1934 is a reserve banknote produced as a result of the worsened economic and international relations in Europe, which had motivated the competent state bodies and the National Bank of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia to start amassing war reserves. Out of the total 24,565,000 banknotes, the National Bank had released a smaller part into circulation between 6-15 April 1941, to pay the military units. A larger part of the banknotes was destroyed, while another smaller part was stolen by the occupying forces and used for payments in the occupied country. The banknote was produced at the Institute for Manufacturing Banknotes and Coins, according to the drawing of Vasa Pomorišac, an academic painter, in cooperation with a print-maker, Panta Stojićević, and an engraver, Veljko Kun.
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Makarov, A. I. „TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS IN MODERN CONDITIONS“. International Trade and Trade Policy, Nr. 2 (06.07.2018): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-2-22-36.
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The history of Russian-Dutch relations dates back to the reign of Ivan the Terrible, when Dutch merchants first appeared in Arkhangelsk. Subsequently, at the end of the XVII centuryPeter I sent to European countries, including Netherlands, the Great Embassy, the results and experience of which played a recognized historical role in his large-scale socio-economic reforms in Russian Empire. At the present stage, Netherlands for Russia is one of the key suppliers of high-tech goods, services, competencies and management technologies mostly in all sectors of national economy, a transit country and a logistics hub for Russian exports, as well as an important partner in the field of cross-border investments. The article also analyzes the features of the Kingdom's economy, its place in global trade and key competitiveness rankings. In recent decades, Netherlands has confidently occupied one of the leading positions in European and world trade, ahead of many major economic partners and competitors. The author concludes that the importance of the progressive development of trade and economic relations with countries such as the Netherlands, cooperation with which has a generally positive impact on the transformation of the Russian economy, contributes to the diversification of exports, investments, attracting advanced competencies and innovations.
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Wailare, Nasiru Bello. „Interest Free Salary-Workers Savings and Credit Co-Operative Society as A Panacea to Economic Hardship Faced By Workers in A Depressed Economy“. International Journal of Business Administration and Management Research 3, Nr. 4 (29.12.2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijbamr.2017.3.4.15.
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The conventional cooperative societies dated back to 1844 were built on interest-based operations, where interest is charged and paid on any financial advance to members and deposits made by members, respectively. Interest based transactions are not only forbidden by the two major religions in Nigeria, but are perceived to be negating the principle of mutual help and economic stability; which cooperatives are out to achieve. This paper examines the operations of interest free cooperative societies formed by salary-workers; with the aim of exploring the concept, objectives, activities, management and sources of funds to such societies. This study uses content analysis. From the review, this study found out that salary workers stand to enjoy a lot of benefits by forming Interest free co-operative societies. It is therefore concluded that Interest free savings and credit co-operative society is the most appropriate form of co-operative society through which workers used to improve on their savings.
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Vok, Milena G. „The review of changes in the Russian science and technology legislation from October to December 2019“. Science management: theory and practice 2, Nr. 1 (2020): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2020.2.1.8.
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This article reviews Russian legislation in science and innovation field adopted between October and December 2019. It is divided into the following topics: • science, technology and innovation policies; • integration of science and education; • intellectual property rights in science and innovation. One of the noteworthy elements in the implementation of the country’s innovation policy is the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 490 dated 10.10.2019 “On the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Federation” and the National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence adopted in the country, which are aimed at ensuring the accelerated development of artificial intelligence in Russian Federation, conducting research in the field of artificial intelligence, and increasing the availability of information and computing resources for users. It is also planned to create two research and technology centers: Sirius and Mendeleev Valley in accordance with the Decree No. 1805 of 24.12.2019 and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1428 of 08.11.2019. Their adoption is Abstract. the attractiveness of research field, expanding the access of citizens and legal entities to participate in promising scientific and engineering projects. Another important event is the ratification of the agreement between the Government of Russia and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) on scientific and technological cooperation by Federal Law No. 366 of 12.11.2019. The agreement should contribute to the development of scientific and technological cooperation between the parties in areas of mutual strategic interest. Cooperation is conducted in the form of provision of human resources, information, know-how, equipment, materials, services, funds or any combination thereof. The documents were adopted in the forms of federal laws and subordinate acts, particularly, in the form of presidential decrees, government resolutions and ministerial decrees.
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Kropiventseva, S. A. „Management of delivery dates of aircraft spare parts and components to maintenance and repair center“. Civil Aviation High Technologies 23, Nr. 5 (28.10.2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-5-29-38.
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The problem of foreign-made spare parts and components import delivery is relevant because international cooperation in aviation industry has become widespread. Logistics provides not only new components procurement but also borrowing, renting, leasing or exchange operations. To control the process effectively, it is necessary to decompose the import delivery process, as effective integrated logistics provides spare parts and components delivery within the shortest time and the lowest costs. Project management methods are used for this purpose. The object of the research is import delivery of foreign-made spare parts and components to maintenance and repair center. For the shortest delivery time and the lowest delivery costs it is necessary to describe the import delivery structure, to determine the import delivery works interrelations and their duration and to standardize implementation costs. The research describes the foreign-made spare parts and components import delivery structure, explains the operations sequence, sets the approximate work duration. The import delivery network schedule was also made. Implementation of the resulting structure in project management software will allow to control import delivery time and costs, to make out reports on resource usage. The import delivery project passport will help to manage the resources costs, used for spare parts and components delivery as well as to optimize the project.
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Haruna, Abdallah Imam, und A. Abdul Salam. „Rethinking Russian Foreign Policy towards Africa: Prospects and Opportunities for Cooperation in New Geopolitical Realities“. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, Nr. 2 (30.04.2021): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2021.1.2.24.
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Diplomatic ties between Africa and the Russian Federation dates back to Africa’s dark decades of collective struggle for continental decolonization and severance in relations with its European colonizers. There is a vestige of historical evidence to support the claim that Russia had contributed immensely to this struggle in the early 1950s. Historically, the Russian Revolution of 1917 set the stage for the strenuous global struggle against colonialism and imperialism. This revolution, subsequently, inspired leaders of the nationalist movements on the African continent like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Nnamdi Azikiwe of Nigeria, Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, Nelson Mandela of South Africa and Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, among others to champion the fight for the liberation of Africa. Between 1945 and 1991, international politics was in a hegemonic geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective global allies. This power struggle polarized the world into the contrasting ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism. Some African nationalists situated the crusade for self-rule within the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union. The collapse of the USSR on 26 December 1991 and the fall of the Berlin wall on 9 November 1989 heralded a new era in global politics. This paper is on the assumption that three decades into the demise of the Soviet Union, it is now time to reflect on the influence of Russia in international politics, with particular focus on Moscow’s foreign policy towards Sub-Saharan Africa. This rethinking is crucial because of the criticism that Russia’s renewed interest in Africa is a grand strategy to dominate affairs of the continent, rather than a search for new opportunities for economic cooperation and geopolitical alliances.
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Savitskaya, N. V., O. A. Krukovskaya, T. V. Ivolina und O. V. Dedova. „Low psychological resilience as a reason of low academic performance in schoolchildren“. Современная зарубежная психология 8, Nr. 1 (2019): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080107.
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The article reviews the array of English-language publications (dated 2014-2018) on psychological resilience of schoolchildren. It discloses three main areas of research. Firstly it presents an innovative and multi-system model of psychological stability – Multi-System Model of Resilience (MSRM) developed in 2017 in Ryerson University (Toronto, Canada). The review introduces a fundamental theoretical and empirical "cluster" of studies focused on a particular aspect of this issue in the global scientometric space of psychological resilience in students of all ages. It also gives an indication of the relevance of psychological resilience for secondary special education. We also tried to show some innovative approaches to strengthening the psychological resilience in children, adolescents and young people both connected and not connected with the educational environment, as well as examples of intersectoral and interdisciplinary cooperation in the study of this problem
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Kochorova, L. V., A. A. Potapchuk und V. V. Afanasieva. „A BRIEF HISTORY OF UNIVERSITY CLINICS IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD“. Scientific Notes of the I. P. Pavlov St. Petersburg State Medical University 25, Nr. 4 (21.04.2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2018-25-4-26-30.
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The article discusses the importance of university clinics and historical aspects of their development both abroad and in Russia. The history of the development of university clinics goes side by side with the development of medical education in general. The concept of university clinics has been laid down since the time of the ancient East. The European stage of the formation of university clinics dates back to the Middle Ages and the Renaissance period. Nowadays, university clinics work according to the model of cooperation between the university and the clinic, or according to the model of integration of the clinic into the university. In Russia, in fact, Peter the First laid the notion of university clinics that facilitated the opening of hospital schools. The importance of combining the educational and therapeutic process is proved. Thus, this combination improves the quality of medical care.
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Cook, G. T., D. D. Harkness, B. F. Miller, E. M. Scott, M. S. Baxter und T. C. Aitchison. „International Collaborative Study: Structuring and Sample Preparation“. Radiocarbon 32, Nr. 3 (1990): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200012868.
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The success of any intercomparison exercise depends largely on participation and cooperation of a sufficient number of laboratories and the selection of a suitable suite of samples. Unless the latter is satisfactorily devised, the former cannot be guaranteed. The hierarchical nature of this study has necessarily resulted in a far more comprehensive set of sample types than has previously been employed. The exercise was structured to satisfy the following criteria: 1) to enable the participating laboratories to assess the experimental precision and accuracy of the component stages of the dating process; 2) samples should be typical of those routinely dated by the laboratories. This takes on a particular significance in Stage 1 where they should resemble as closely as possible the counting medium; 3) an objective statistical analysis of the results at each component stage of the study.