Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Coop Norge“

The climatic mechanisms driving the shift from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the North Atlantic region are debated. We use cosmogenic beryllium-10 dating to develop a moraine chronology with century-scale resolution over the last millennium and show that alpine glaciers in Baffin Island and western Greenland were at or near their maximum LIA configurations during the proposed general timing of the MWP. Complimentary paleoclimate proxy data suggest that the western North Atlantic region remained cool, whereas the eastern North Atlantic region was comparatively warmer during the MWP—a dipole pattern compatible with a persistent positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. These results demonstrate that over the last millennium, glaciers approached their eventual LIA maxima before what is considered the classic LIA in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, a relatively cool western North Atlantic region during the MWP has implications for understanding Norse migration patterns during the MWP. Our results, paired with other regional climate records, point to nonclimatic factors as contributing to the Norse exodus from the western North Atlantic region.

O Ragtime foi um gênero musical que surgiu nos EUA por volta dos anos de 1890, tendo seu declínio a partir dos anos de 1910. Teve fortes influências da música africana e de gêneros norte-americanos, a exemplo dos Minstrel Shows, Coon Songs, Cakewalks, dentre outros. Serviu como fonte de inspiração a outros gêneros que ganharam destaque futuramente, como o Jazz e o Blues. O presente artigo apresenta uma breve história do Ragtime, suas principais características e principais compositores.

El texto que se reseña es una contribución significativa al conocimiento de la historia reciente de Guatemala. Y se habla del conocimiento de la historia del país en dos sentidos. Primero, como memoria política, ya que de él pueden desprenderse elementos que colaboren a los necesarios debates políticos sobre qué significó la derrota revolucionaria de 1978- 1982. Especialmente a las izquierdas, institucionales y sociales en toda su diversidad, que desde esa coyuntura se hallan en estado disperso, cuasiexistencial, y sin un norte político claro que defina un futuro común, de base y democrático, por medio de estrategias concretas y bien definidas.

Según Coon y Birsdell uno de los factores principales en la diferenciación de los grupos raciales modernos ha sido la selección natural operando en términos y estímulos inherentes a los ambientes extremos. En el cuarto período glacial la raza mongólioa fue la última en diferenciarse desarrollando pechos enormes, extremidades cortas y cuerpos globulares que irradian el menor calor posible. Mongolia es una planicie con una altitud media de 1.500 mts. Los veranos son cálidos y los inviernos fríos. Sus migraciones alcanzan el grado 60 de latitud norte. El ambiente climático corresponde a extremo frío, extrema altitud, y extrema anoxia tal como ocurre en los altiplanos del Himalaya y de los Andes cuyos habitantes tienen las mismas características.

En las últimas dos décadas el examen de los conceptos políticos fundamentales ha sido un campo de estudio que sigue produciendo interesantes resultados. A partir de la red Iberconceptos y la elaboración del Diccionario político y social del mundo iberoamericano —que ya posee dos tomos—, se ha logrado examinar la importancia de una veintena de conceptos claves para comprender el devenir de los procesos sociopolíticos de diversos países entre 1750 y 1870. Precisamente este libro, bajo la compilación de Fabio Wasserman, amplía y enriquece esta línea investigativa centrando su mirada específicamente en el concepto “revolución”. Además, incorpora otros procesos de transformación política y social que antecedieron o sucedieron paralelamente a los desarrollados en Iberoamérica, tales como los ocurridos en Inglaterra, Francia, América del Norte y las Antillas Francesas.

<span>Bahía Culebra, localizada en el Golfo de Papagayo, al norte de la costa del Pacífico de Costa Rica, es un área de afloramiento estacional, en donde pueden ocurrir eventos de enfriamiento más intensos, principalmente durante algunas semanas del invierno boreal. Para estudiar estos eventos de enfriamiento extremo, se analizaron datos de nueve estaciones con registros de la temperatura subsuperficial del mar, desde 1998 hasta el 2010. A partir de estos registros, se identificaron cinco casos de estudio asociados a enfriamientos del mar en la región. Los descensos de la temperatura de estos eventos fueron de aproximadamente 8-9ºC y se asociaron al paso de empujes fríos en la región del Caribe y una fuerte magnitud del viento alisio sobre América Central. Este reforzamiento del flujo alisio favorece el desplazamiento del agua superficial hacia afuera de Bahía Culebra, cuyo eje principal se ubica en la dirección noreste-suroeste. Lo anterior favorece y provoca un enfriamiento de la temperatura del mar en la bahía, ya que el agua desplazada es reemplazada por aguas más frías provenientes de profundidades mayores.</span>

Um exame do fonograma Gargalhada (pega na chaleira), cançoneta por Eduardo das Neves, expõe a origem da expressão "pegar na chaleira" e revela incongruências nos critérios de catalogação online do Instituto Moreira Salles. Provavelmente datada de 1906, a gravação aparece como um "lundu" em catálogos comerciais de 1915-1926, e as mesmas ideias musicais foram reaproveitadas em outros registros sonoros da Casa Edison comercializados entre 1913 e 1919. A música e o gargalhar que Neves reaproveita foram criados por George Washington Johnson, o primeiro astro negro da gravação mecânica. Mas enquanto o ex-escravo norte-americano se auto-ridiculariza de acordo com estereótipos brancos, o autodenominado "crioulo" encena uma sátira ao comportamento masculino das classes dominantes do Rio. Neste processo, a coon song transforma-se na antítese do gênero.

Los eventos de viento del norte en el Golfo de Tehuantepec generan grandes giros cálidos e intensos chorros de corriente hacia afuera de la costa. Estos últimos producen abordaje de aguas subsuperficiales y forman `parches´ de agua superficial fría (densa). En la frontera entre giros y parches se generan frentes intensos de densidad. Una fracción importante del agua fría se hunde bajo estos giros. El fenómeno se observa como lentes (giros) dentro de la picnoclina del giro cálido principal, son estables e interactúan con éste. Se presenta evidencia observacional de la existencia de dos de estas lentes. La presencia de subducción se confirma mediante argumentos cualitativos (observaciones del flujo y del campo de densidad) y mediante argumentos de verticidad. La tasa de subducción puede alcanzar los 80 m d-1. Se presente un esquema conceptual revisado del proceso de generación de giros: a) durante un evento la corriente hacia fuera de la costa produce abordaje del agua subsuperficial y establece el gradiente inicial de densidad; b) también durante el evento, el gradiente horizontal de densidad se mantiene por advección lateral de agua cálida; c) después del evento se separa un chorro costero cálido de la costa occidental del golfo, alcanza el golfo central y adquiere rotación anticiclónica; d) la subducción inicia por procesos intensos de convergencia donde el chorro cálido choca con el agua fría; e) el giro `maduro´ se propaga hacia afuera de la costa acarreando un lente de subducción en su frontera.

The purpose of this research was to explore the lived experiences of the out of school youths (OSY) victims of the Typhoon Haijan in Caputatan Norte, Medellin, Cebu. A qualitative methodology using a phenomenology framework was employed, with semi-structured interview to facilitate the respondents reveal their lived experience. A convenience sample of five OSY’s who have direct experience of typhoon Haijan was needed to reach saturation. Data analysis was based on Colaizzi’s methodology. The whole process was based on the data, transcribed interviews, sorting, categorizations (cool analysis), categories as thematized (warm analysis) in a repertory grid or a dendogram that paved the way to discovering the value of the lived experiences of the out-of-school-youths victims of typhoon Haijan. The description of the lived experience revealed is the terrifying experience that emanate from the OSY internal and external environment of retreating, revealing, and regressing experience, the destructive experience that derives from the OSY’s understanding of detrimental, desuetude, and destitute observations, and the surviving experience that stems from exodus, endure, and empower experience. The themes, which emerged, suggest that the lived experience reflected a normal adaptation response of human beings siege with disasters.

La región de Zacatlán se ubica en la Sierra Norte de Puebla y ésta integrado por tres grupos étnicos: el náhuatl, totonaca y otomí, cuyas poblaciones fueron descubiertas por los españoles entre los años de 1519 y 1520 por Hernán López de Ávila. Hacia 1525 los indios de esta demarcación se rebelaron y fueron sometidos, así el territorio de Zacatlán, Chignahuapan y Xiloxochitlan fueron encomendados al conquistador español Antonio de Carbajal. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de verificar el comportamiento poblacional del territorio en casi 300 años de su historia, para ello utilizamos la información estadística que rescató Peter Gerhard en su obra sobre geografía-histórica de la Nueva España, sumándole la estadística que levantó Joseph Antonio Villaseñor y Sánchez, y del intendente Manuel de Flon; además del estudio de Jesús Barbosa Ramírez sobre la demografía de algunas parroquias serranas por medio del Censo de 1777. El resultado obtenido fue la similitud del comportamiento demográfico, de ésta región serrana, con lo reportado en los estudios clásicos sobre demografía que realizaron Woodrow Borah, Sherburne F. CooK y Lesley B. Simpson para toda la Nueva España. Confirmando que las poblaciones nativas fueron objeto de exterminio y que debieron resistir para lograr sobrevivir.

El sector lácteo es responsable de aproximadamente el 3,3% de las emisiones mundiales de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), pero tiene potencial para desempeñar un papel importante en la mitigación del cambio climático mediante cambios en su gestión. Por ello, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo estimar las emisiones de GEI de las ganaderías de leche de dos provincias de la Sierra centro norte del Ecuador, por tipo y fuentes. La investigación se desarrolló en 24 ganaderías, agrupadas mediante un análisis de conglomerados en tres tipos (grandes, pequeñas y medianas), en función de sus características productivas. Para cuantificar y analizar las emisiones se utilizó el Programa Cool Farm Tool, y la información requerida se levantó mediante visitas en campo y entrevistas a los productores. Los resultados se analizaron de acuerdo con un diseño completamente al azar, mediante la prueba paramétrica de Fisher (p 0,05). Los resultados indican que la fermentación entérica es la mayor fuente de emisiones de GEI (5,27 Ton de CO2-eq ha-1 año-1, 43,39%). Las ganaderías medianas emiten la mayor cantidad de emisiones por litro de leche producida (2,3 CO2-eq L-1 leche FPCM), siendo 50% y 84% mayores que aquellas producidas por ganaderías pequeñas y grandes, respectivamente. Se concluye que las ganaderías grandes son las más eficientes, mientras que las pequeñas son las más resilientes, ya que producen una menor cantidad de emisiones de GEI.

Abstract A systematic programme of surveys for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) was done in Chile between 2006 and 2008. The survey spanned the principal ecosystems of mainland Chile as well as a number of islands, and covered a wide range of habitats including the Atacama Desert, Andean Altiplano, temperate rainforests and subpolar territory. Nearly 1400 soil samples were collected, of which 7% were positive for EPN. Of 101 EPN isolates obtained, 94 were Steinernema spp. and seven were Heterorhabditis sp. Of the 94 Steinernema isolates, 39 were identified as Steinernema feltiae, the remainder being distributed between two new species, S. unicornum (52 records) and S. australe (three records). The Heterorhabditis isolates, all designated as Heterorhabditis sp.1, are referred to herein as H. cf. safricana. Steinernema feltiae and S. unicornum were collected predominately in the south of Chile and were obtained from a range of habitats, including forests, open grassland, montane soils and coastal zones; neither species was recovered from the far north of the country (viz., desert soils in the Norte Grande region). Steinernema australe was found in only three soil samples, all from humid, cool, coastal localities in the south. Heterorhabditis cf. safricana was recovered from the northern regions, with most isolates found in or on the periphery of the Atacama Desert; they were not recovered from cooler, more humid regions of southern Chile. Molecular information indicated there were two subgroups of both S. unicornum and S. feltiae, with a geographical, intraspecific split of subgroups between the most southerly and the more central survey zones. All isolates were collected by ex situ baiting with waxmoth larvae and the natural hosts are unknown.

Desde o final do século XX, as novas formas de produção documental e as novas tecnologias de informação apresentadas à Arquivística têm levado os profissionais da informação a repensar os conceitos e princípios arquivísticos postulados nos antigos manuais da área. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a produção arquivística canadense, que transformou o país em solo fértil para as discussões que circundam a disciplina na contemporaneidade, representando muito bem as necessidades colocadas pelos novos meios de produção documental aos arquivistas na sociedade da informação, redescobrindo princípios e (re) definindo conceitos, métodos e critérios para a criação, manutenção e uso de documentos em meio tradicional e eletrônico. Foi notadamente na década de 1980, que um novo paradigma se enunciou na área e, a partir dele, três correntes emergiram: a Arquivística Integrada - enunciada pela Escola de Québec - que propõe a reintegração da disciplina por meio do ciclo vital dos documentos e uma possível aproximação com a Ciência da Informação, graças à incorporação do termo informação orgânica registrada, como substituição ao termo documento de arquivo; a Arquivística Funcional ou Pós-Moderna, enunciada por Terry Cook - que propõe uma renovação e reformulação dos princípios e conceitos originais da disciplina, adotando a corrente Pós-moderna como pano de fundo; e a Diplomática Arquivística, enunciada primeiramente na Itália por Paola Carucci, mas desenvolvida e reformulada na América do Norte por Luciana Duranti, que busca, por meio do estudo da Diplomática, estabelecer critérios para a crítica textual dos documentos contemporâneos, garantindo ao método diplomático um posto fundamental na Arquivística contemporânea. A vista de tais aspectos, analisa-se, comparativamente, o universo epistemológico dessas três abordagens arquivísticas canadenses, enquanto perspectivas emergentes para a construção de uma disciplina contemporânea, capaz de dar conta dos novos processos de produção, organização e uso da informação orgânica registrada.

On Danishness and the Mother Tongue. A Speech by Grundtvig November 5th, 1839By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenIn the last half of 1838 Grundtvig delivered a series of lectures on European history from 1788 to the present which gained him the wider public acceptance he for many years had been striving for. In early 1839 some former members of his audience set up a regular society for common citizens dedicated to the promotion of Danishness, Danske Samfund (the Danish Society), with Grundtvig as chairman. The idea was to have conversations and discussions after a short introduction from one of the elected leaders of the club - often Grundtvig himself. Singing songs by Grundtvig and other nationally inclined poets as well as old heroic ballads also helped to create an atmosphere of solidarity and popular and national community.The history of Danske Samfund can be pieced together from the texts of more than 100 introductions which Grundtvig gave, statements by individual members and anonymous police reports on some of the actual sessions. A detailed examination of Danske Samfund has recently been published by the present editor in Dansk Identitetshistorie, III, Copenhagen 1992, p. 31-79.On Tuesday evening of November 5, 1839, Grundtvig in an introduction spoke about his mother tongue.He first claims the historical independence and venerable age of the Danish language, emphasizing its principal difference from Old Norse as well as from a hodge-podge of old Danish and Low German. In his eyes precisely these qualities make the vernacular the only natural means of thinking and feeling for the Danes. Thus the general use of Danish becomes a necessary condition for a thriving culture and national life of the Danish people.Grundtvig continues with an account of his own road to the Danish language. A native Zealander being reared in Jutland, he grew up with the two major Danish dialects, and as a school-boy he on his own read Danish books such as the old chronicle about Holger the Dane. At the university he had to speak Latin and did so (also to evade boredom), but was not permanently tainted by the experience. As a private tutor at the manor house of Egel.kke he resisted the temptation to speak German like the master and the mistress. When at this time he made his d.but as a writer, he clearly favoured Old Norse or Icelandic as the alma mater of Scandinavia and almost considered Danish to be her illegitimate daughter. Following the separation between Denmark and Norway in 1814 he happily realized that he did possess a mother tongue that in fact was nothing but Danish. He recollects this to have occurred in 1816, as he studied the medieval Rhyming Chronicle (printed for the first time in 1495 with several later reprints). Since then he managed to learn to speak and understand spoken English and also became more familiar with the other Scandinavian languages and dialects, and he translated Saxo’s Deeds of the Danes from the Latin, Snorri’s Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings from the Old Norse and the Beowulf epic from the Anglo-Saxon. However, he never doubted that from ancient times Danish is the mother tongue of the Danes. Accordingly he never ceased to regret that those who identify themselves as enlightened and educated persons use the vernacular as if it were a foreign language, not realizing its richness, depth and beauty. It is one of Grundtvig’s declared aims in Danske Samfund to promote the use of the Danish language outside trivial everyday life. In an alternative, but incomplete draught Grundtvig, by way of introduction, mentions a misleading article in a German periodical by a Holstein citizen who claims High German to be an already widespread and ever expanding language in Denmark.Grundtvig’s introduction of Nov. 5, 1839 is another of several retrospective autobiographical interpretations in his works. In this case he concentrates in a deliberately cool and detached manner on his relationship to the Danish language. This was just before the death of Frederik 6. released growing national tensions in the United Monarchy and brought up the burning issue of Danish versus German that finally led to the Schleswig-Holstein war 1848-51.

RESUMO: O município de Palmas-TO, localizado na região norte do Brasil, apresenta uma realidade climática com temperaturas altas durante todo o ano. Assim, é fundamental a busca por soluções tecnológicas que possam garantir o conforto higrotérmico nas residências, associado a reduções dos custos com energia necessária para o resfriamento da habitação. Nesta ótica, a constante inovação que o mercado mundial apresenta em produtos e técnicas voltadas para o resfriamento passivo de edificações justifica a realização de um estudo que avalie as condições higrotérmicas diante da implementação desses. O presente estudo apresenta os resultados de uma campanha experimental, com a duração de cerca de 5 meses, durante a qual foi avaliado o efeito da aplicação de diferentes técnicas de resfriamento passivo como: brise soleil, manta reflectante, ventilação natural cruzada e pintura com tinta reflectante. Para tal foram montadas duas células teste idênticas em Palmas-TO, tendo sido, em uma delas, implementadas as diferentes medidas de resfriamento passivo e a outra permanecido inalterada, para ser possível a comparação dos resultados. Verificou-se que a pintura com tinta reflectante apresentou maior redução de temperatura na média diária, obtendo seu melhor desempenho no período diurno e a ventilação natural cruzada foi a mais eficaz no período noturno. O brise soleil obteve uma redução de temperatura insignificante enquanto a manta reflectante mostrou-se nada eficaz nas condições de ensaio. ABSTRACT: The city of Palmas-TO, located in the northern region of Brazil, has a climatic reality with high temperatures throughout the year. Thus, it is essential to search for technological solutions that can guarantee better hygrothermal comfort in dwellings, associated with reductions in the cost of energy needed to cool it down. In this perspective, the constant innovation that the world market presents in products and techniques aimed at the passive cooling of buildings justifies to carry out a study to assess the hygrothermal conditions in dwelling after implementing those products / techniques. This study presents the results of an experimental campaign, lasting about 5 months, during which the effect of different passive cooling techniques was evaluated, such as: brise soleil, low-emissivity insolation, natural cross ventilation, and painting with reflective paint. For this purpose, two identical test cells in Palmas-TO were used. On one cell the different passive cooling measures were implemented and the other remained unchanged, in order to be able to compare the results. The painting with reflective paint showed the highest reduction in temperature in the daily average, obtaining its best performance during daytime. However, natural cross ventilation was the most effective technique during nighttime. The brise soleil achieved an insignificant temperature reduction while the low-emissivity insolation proved to be ineffective in these test conditions.

It was a challenge to write about my father without going through a mixture of emotions and memories. Our father-daughter relationship was far from perfect; we had our fair share of misunderstandings—him being the disciplinarian of the family, and me being the youngest and rebellious daughter. My father was an introvert— he would rarely say “I love you” or give us hugs growing up. Rather, he would show his affection for my sister and me through his subtle but caring ways. I can still vividly remember one afternoon when we were kids, he came home from the hospital and my sister and I welcomed him home with hugs, only to be rejected by him. After seeing us with sad faces (and prodding from our mother), he had to explain the reason why he didn’t return our hugs was because he didn’t want to pass on the microbes which he may have been exposed to at the clinic. In retrospect, there were a lot of times I would misinterpret his well-meaning paternal actions Youngest in a brood of four, and born of a family of lawyers, Robie Zantua chose to become the first doctor among his Velasco-Zantua roots. While his older siblings would spend secondary school in Manila, he was left in Talisay, Camarines Norte under the care of his maternal aunt for his primary schooling. He would laughingly tell us that because he was a year younger than his classmates, his teacher had to test him before accepting him in school — he was able to read “buto” (seed) without difficulty (buto is ‘penis’ in his native dialect). In hindsight, it was probably because he grew up alone and had to do things independently at a young age that as an adult, he found it hard to ask for favors from others. On one occasion while I was still a medical clerk, he invited me to observe his emergency OR (a case of foreign body impaction of a balut). When we arrived at the ER, we saw that the patient was yet to be prepared for OR— he was not yet even hooked to the I.V. fluid. To my surprise, he asked for I.V. needs from the ER nurse and inserted the I.V. catheter himself, hooked the I.V. fluid; and on to the operating theatre we went. Years later, I realised if that happened in the government hospital where I trained, it was a sure Sunday duty for the ER resident; but Tatay did not make a fuss out of it and went to address the more important matter— performing the emergency procedure. He was ‘tubong Bicol’; his original plan was to return to Camarines Norte after his ENT residency training in PGH—a promise he made to the late Dr. Mariano Caparas. This plan however had to change, to Dr. Caparas’ dismay, in order to grant my mother’s request that they build their medical practice and start a family in her hometown at Santa Rosa, Laguna. My mother and father became a huge part of each other’s lives. My parents were not expressive when it came to their emotions for each other, but it was a marriage filled with love. In fact, up to the last remaining days of my dad in the ICU, the family distantly celebrated our parents’ 41st wedding anniversary with cut flowers from the garden which he religiously tended. They shared the same undergraduate course— they were both B.S. Pre-medicine majors in UP Diliman— and then later on became classmates in the UP College of Medicine Class of 1976. Their love for each other were shown in the simplest ways, and these would turn to be the finest memories with Tatay. When they would do their morning strolls on Bagasbas beach, they would do so holding each other’s hands. Of course back then I cringed at the sight but deep inside, I hoped for the same when I became married. Later in life and especially during the pandemic, my parents would complement each other’s tasks at home; my dad would lovingly prepare meals for the household and tend the garden while my mom would mainly take care of the grandchildren. My father was a homebody, a great family man, and as my mother would say, he did simple things in extraordinary ways, especially those which involved his grandkids. When he wore his work hat, he was strict and at times difficult, especially when he was passionate about a certain topic. He could be ill-tempered and be a source of conflict, and this was because he was strong-willed, and vocal about his ideas. His boon and bane. As an ENT consultant, he became active in the academe, research and established his practice in Laguna and Manila. He was invited by the late Dr. Llamas to teach in the UST College of Medicine and helped establish ORL as an independent department. Later on, he joined the University of Perpetual Help College of Medicine along with Dr. Fita Guzman. He spent the majority of his working years as an active faculty in two institutions, a laudable feat which only the hardworking ones can pull off. He also became the president of AHNOP and was very passionate in the field of head and neck surgery. While it was very unfortunate that my father succumbed to COVID and its complications, I choose to remember him as a man whose life was dedicated to us, his family. We were blessed to have him as the head of our family, we are forever grateful for the man we call Tatay— the man who would tirelessly cook Bicolano dishes for us, the man who would patiently and lovingly make sure we were always safe and healthy, the man who would go out of his way and put himself last just to make sure his family was well taken care of. His love was definitely felt by everyone in the family, and I sure hope he felt the same way. May his legacy live on through his children and grandchildren. We love you beyond words, Tatay.

This text analyzes the theoretical and political foundations of the rise process, in Brazil, of forces called neoconservative, neoliberal, extreme right or, simply, the new right, in order to understand their most evident impacts on the construction of educational policy in the country, along with a vision of political economy subsumed to the financial logic and interest of the corporations that control the circulation of capital. It takes, as a paradigmatic example of expression of the conceptions of the new right, the most recent ideopolitical context that legitimized and legitimizes the current federal government. It is supported by both academic bibliography and videographic production, as a way to promote the interface between two sources of opinion formation in the dynamic world of analysis of facts and concepts that produces political ideology and impacts the configuration of policies social.ResumoEste texto analisa os fundamentos teórico-políticos do processo de ascensão, no Brasil, de forças denominadas neoconservadoras, neoliberais, de extrema direita ou, simplesmente, da nova direita, para fins de compreender seus impactos mais evidentes na construção da política educacional no país, em par com uma visão de economia política subsumida à lógica financeira e de interesse das corporações controladoras da circulação do capital. Toma, como exemplo paradigmático de expressão das concepções da nova direita, o contexto ideopolítico mais recente que legitimou e legitima o atual governo federal. Apoia-se tanto em bibliografia acadêmica quanto em produção videográfica, como forma de promover interface de duas fontes de formação de opinião do dinâmico mundo de análise de fatos e concepções que produz ideologia política e impacta a configuração das políticas sociais.Resumen Este texto analiza los fundamentos teóricos y políticos del proceso de ascenso, en Brasil, de fuerzas llamadas neoconservadoras, neoliberales, de extrema derecha o, simplemente, la nueva derecha, para comprender sus impactos más evidentes en la construcción de la política educativa en el país, junto con una visión de economía política subsumida a la lógica financiera y el interés de las corporaciones que controlan la circulación de capital. Toma, como ejemplo paradigmático de expresión de las concepciones de la nueva derecha, el contexto ideopolítico más reciente que ha dado legitimad al gobierno federal actual. Está respaldado tanto por la bibliografía académica como por la producción videográfica, como una forma de promover la interfaz entre dos fuentes de formación de opinión en el mundo dinámico de análisis de hechos y conceptos que producen ideología política e impacta la configuración de las políticas sociales.Palavras-chave: Educação brasileira, Ideologia política, Nova direita, Políticas educacionais.Keywords: Brazilian education, Political ideology, New right, Educational policies.Palabras claves: Educación brasileña, Ideología política, Nueva derecha, Políticas educacionales.ReferencesAMIN, Samir. Geopolítica del imperialismo contemporâneo. In: E. Borgiani, Elisabete, Carlos Montaño. (orgs.). Coyuntura actual, latinoamericana y mundial: tendência y movimentos. (Biblioteca Latinoamericana de Servicio Social . Série Antologías, v. 14). São Paulo: Cortez, 2009, p. 206-252.BATISTA, Eraldo Leme; ORSO, Paulino José; LUCENA, Carlos (Orgs.). Escola sem partido ou a escola da mordaça e do partido único a serviço do capital. Uberlândia: Navegando Publicações, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.editoranavegando.com/livro-escola-sem-partido.BIANCHETTI, Lucídio; SGUISSARDI, Valdemar. Da universidade à commoditycidade – ou de como e quando, se a educação/formação é sacrificada no altar do mercado, o futuro da universidade se situa em algum lugar do passado. Campinas, SP: Mercado de Letras, 2017.BOBBIO, N. Ideologia. In: BOBBIO, N.; MATEUCCI, N.; PASQUINO, G. (orgs.). Dicionário de Política. V.I. 11 ed. Brasília, DF: Editora da UnB, 1998.CASIMIRO, Flávio Henrique Calheiros. A nova direita: aparelhos de ação política e ideológica no Brasil contemporâneo. São Paulo: expressão Popular, 2018.DARDOT, Pierre; LAVAL, Christian. A nova razão do mundo – ensaio sobre a sociedade neoliberal. Trad.: Mariana Echalar. 1 ed. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2016.DOWBOR, Ladislau. A era do capital improdutivo: Por que oito famílias têm mais riqueza do que a metade da população do mundo? São Paulo: Outras Palavras/Autonomia Literária, 2017.DOWBOR, Ladislau. Governança corporativa: o caótico poder dos gigantes financeiros. Pesquisa e Debate, PUC-SP, Vol. 27., N. 2 (50), dez., 2016. p. 25-46.FRIGOTTO, Gaudêncio (org.) Escola “sem” partido: esfinge que ameaça a educação e a sociedade brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: UERJ, LPP, 2017. Disponível em: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bw_ptI_xxOGFMUM2RnJYNjdlRXM/viewHARVEY, David. O neoliberalismo: história e implicações. Tradução Adail Sobral e Maria Stela Gonçalves. São Paulo: Loyola, 2014.LACERDA, Marina Basso. O novo conservadorismo brasileiro. Porto Alegre: Zouk, 2019.LANDER, Edgardo. Conocimiento para que? Conocimiento para quién? Reflexiones sobre la universidad y la geopolítica de los saberes hegemónicos. In: PALERMO, Zulma (comp.). Des/decolonizar la universidad. 1 ed. (Coleccíon El desprendimiento). Buenos Aires: Del Signo, 2015. ps. 41-67.MARX, Karl. (2013). O capital: crítica da economia política. Livro I: o processo de produção do capital. Tradução de Rubens Enderle. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.MASCARO, Alysson Leandro. Estado e forma política. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.MENEGAT, Marildo. Depois do fim do mundo - a crise da modernidade e a barbárie. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Damará; FAPERJ, 2003.NOGUEIRA, Heryka C. Privatização mercantil da educação superior em contexto de regulação transnacional – o caso FAMA/KROTON do Amapá. Brasil. (Tese de Doutorado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo: 2020.OGAMA, Danilo Ferraz de Oliveira As desventuras da sociedade pós-industrial: as falácias da visão determinista do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia e Sociedade, Curitiba, 2019.SADER, Emir (org.). 10 anos de governos pós-neoliberais no Brasil: Lula e Dilma. São Paulo, SP: Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro, RJ: FLACSO Brasil, 2013.SAMPAIO DA SILVA, Evaldo. Os três movimentos da modernidade. Ethic@ - An international Journal for Moral Philosophy, Florianópolis, v. 12, n. 2, p. 321-345, dez. 2013. ISSN 1677-2954. Disponível em: <https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/ethic/article/view/1677-2954.2013v12n2p321>. Acesso em: 09 abr. 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2013v12n2p321.SANTOS, Eduardo. Da geopolítica das potências à geopolítica do conhecimento: financeirização e epistemologias de mercado na educação superior brasileira. Revista Lusófona de Educação, v. 47, n. 48, abr.junh., 2020, s/p (no prelo)SOUZA, Jessé. A elite do atraso – da escravidão à Lava Jato. Rio de Janeiro: Leya, 2017.SOUZA, Jessé. A guerra contra o Brasil - como os EUA se uniram a uma organização para destruir o sonho brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Estação Brasil, 2020.VALE, Maria Ribeiro do. Matizes do pensamento político norte-americano na virada conservadora de 1970. Cad. CRH, Salvador, v. 23, n. 59, p. 369-383, agosto de 2010. Disponível em <http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-49792010000200011&lng=en&nrm=iso>. acesso em 09 de abril de 2020. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-49792010000200011 TANNER, Lisa. Allan Bloom. Disponível em: <http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/nadams/educ692/Bloom.html>. Acesso em: 09 de abr. de 2020WATSON, Adam. A evolução da sociedade internacional – uma análise histórica comparativa. Trad.: René Loncan. Brasília, DF: Editora da UnB, 2004.e4650144

La lign?e des Paphlagoniens, leur conqu?te de la couronne imp?riale, mais aussi leur destruction rapide et totale, repr?sentaient un ph?nom?ne unique dans l'histoire de Byzance du Xle si?cle. Depuis leur premi?re apparition dans les sources byzantines, jusqu'au d?clin final de la famille en 1042, ce n'est qu'une dizaine d'ann?es plus tard, pendant lesquelles les membres de la branche des Paphlagoniens avaient r?ussi ? se soumettre toute une administration de l'Empire, et gr?ce ? la solidarit? familiale, ? parvenir ? une ?norme richesse. Ils ?taient aussi sp?cifiques par le fait qu'ils repr?sentaient un genos clos, une ?lite autosuffisante, les Paphlagoniens par leur politique ont indiqu? l'importance des relations familiales dans l'Empire qui apr?s la mort de Basile II et Constantin VIII ?tait rentr? dans une longue lutte pour la conqu?te de la couronne imp?riale, mais aussi pour la l?gitimit? souveraine qui avait ?t? requise dans la relation avec les membres f?minines de la dynastie mac?donienne, Zo? et Theodora. Le r?gne des Paphlagoniens a ?t? interrompu pendant les r?bellions ? Constantinople en avril 1042, lorsque Michel V a ?t? chass? du tr?ne et aveugl? avec son oncle - le fr?re de sa m?re - le nob?lissime Constantin. La relation de Michel V le Calfat avec le nob?lissime Constantin, leur coop?ration et discordes mutuelles avec l'autre partie de la famille des Paphlagoniens ? la t?te de laquelle se trouvait Jean Orphanotrophe, repr?sentaient le point de d?part du pr?sent ouvrage. Plus pr?cis?ment, la circonstance que Michel V se soit vivement confront? aux membres de la famille des Paphlagoniens, ? laquelle lui-m?me appartenait par la ligne f?minine, imposait une relecture et une nouvelle interpr?tation des sources, afin de tenter de d?passer leurs donn?es contradictoires. Parmi les sources qui d?crivent les ?v?nements depuis le r?gne de Romain III Argyros (1028-1034) lorsque les Paphlagoniens apparaissent pour la premi?re fois dans les sources et lorsque d?bute leur apog?e, jusqu'au d?clin de toute la famille en 1042, l'une des plus importantes est aussi celle de Jean Skylitz?s. Cependant, c'est aussi la plus probl?matique, c'est-?-dire sa d?claration et ses donn?es divergent au premier abord m?me assez visiblement - des donn?es de Michel Psellos Jean Zonaras ou Michel Attaliate. Une lecture plus d?taill?e de Skylitz?s apporte sa d?claration en harmonie, avant tout avec certains d?tails uniques que nous transmet Michel Psellos, mais aussi avec l'image compl?te de l'expansion, du r?gne et du d?clin de la famille de Paphlagoniens. En premier lieu, Skylitz?s souligne l'importance des eunuques influents de Constantin VIII, qui avaient eu un grand r?le ?galement dans la venue au pouvoir de Michel IV, en 1034, de Michel V, en d?cembre 1041, mais aussi dans sa destitution seulement quatre mois plus tard. Le cercle de personnes influents dans la cour de Constantin VIII, a ?t? partiellement repouss? d?j? par la politique familiale de Romain Argyros, ? moins qu'ils ne soient pass?s dans le clan de ce basileus aristocrate, comme cela a ?t? le cas avec l'eunuque Sym?on (pendant le r?gne de Romain, il ?tait le domestique des scholes d'Orient et le pr?tovestiaire qui avait aid? l'ancien ?parque de Constantinople ? acc?der au tr?ne imp?rial). Insatisfait par le r?gne de Romain Argyros, les courtisans influents de la cour de Constantin VIII avaient tent? de voir en la famille des Paphlagoniens une mani?re de reprendre leurs anciennes positions et de reconqu?rir leur ancienne influence. Dirig?s par ces id?es, et jouissant des faveurs et de la confiance de l'imp?ratrice Zo?, sur laquelle ils exer?aient une grande influence, avec son aide ? elle, avec l'Orphanotrophe, ils ont ramen? Michel IV au pouvoir. Jean Skylitz?s et encore plus explicitement Jean Zonaras soulignent leur retour dans le palais imp?rial apr?s la mort de Romain Argyros, c'est-?-dire leur complicit? dans la venueau tr?ne de Michel. D?s la conqu?te du pouvoir, les Paphlagoniens se sont charg? ? placer les membres de leur genos aux plus importantes positions, afin de repousser l'influence des assistants de Romain Argyros, mais aussi les puissants du cercle de Zo?. C'est ainsi que la suite de la cour de l'imp?ratrice Zo? a ?t? remplac?, suite que maintenant ? la place de ses fid?les servantes repr?sentaient les membres f?minines de la famille des Paphlagoniens, les cousines de Michel IV et de l'Orphanotrophe. Pour le duc d'Antioche ? la place de Th?ophylacte Dalass?ne a ?t? plac? le troisi?me fr?re par a?nesse Nik?tas, et lorsque ce dernier est mort, cette m?me ann?e 1034, il a ?t? remplac? par le fr?re suivant Constantin, alors que le plus jeune Georges ?tait devenu pr?tovestiaire ? la place de l'eunuque Sym?on. La commande militaire ? l'ouest avait ?t? confi?e par les Paphlagoniens ? leurs cousins par ligne f?minine: leur beau-fr?re le patrice Etienne Calfat, ?tait le commandant de la flotte, et en 1040, le commandant de Th?ssalonique ?tait le patrice Constantin - vraisemblablement le fils d'Etienne Calfat et le fr?re germain de Michel V. D'une fa?on similaire, les Paphlagoniens propageaient ?galement leur influence dans l'?glise. Comme Romain III Argyros, eux aussi faisaient venir sur les chaires de mitropolites leurs cousins (Antoine Pahys ? Nicom?die), s'attiraient les faveurs des anciens membres du clan de Romain Argyros dans la tentative de faire venir l'Orphanotrophe sur le tr?ne patriarcal (D?m?trios de Kyzikos), ou pla?aient des personnes proches ? eux le plus souvent originaires de Paphlagonie (L?on, l'archev?que de Bulgarie voir aussi l'eunuque Constantin Fagitz?s, Paphlagonien de naissance et membre de leur clan). D?s 1034, probablement pendant la premi?re ann?e de leur r?gne, les fr?res Paphlagoniens ont fait de leur mieux afin d'assurer l'h?ritage de la couronne dans le cadre de leur famille. Le fils d'Etienne Calfat et de leur soeur Maria, Michel, a ?t? proclam? c?sar, comme celui qui h?riterait Michel IV, puisque le seul fr?re qui n'avait pas ?t? eunuque Nik?tas, ?tait mort d?j? en cette ann?e 1034. Pourtant, ce qui manque chez Skylitz?s, Zonaras et Attaliate, est compl?t? par les donn?es de Michel Psellos - de la Chronographie, mais aussi d'un discours du d?but du r?gne de Constantin Monomaque o? Psellos avait donn? un court histoire de l'Empire et des empereurs depuis Basile II jusqu'? Monomaque. Dans les deux lieux Psellos mentionne que Jean l'Orphanotrophe, rapidement avoir s'?tre brouill? avec son neveu Michel Calfat, avait tent? dans le cadre de sa famille ? retrouver nouvel h?ritier de la couronne. Les donn?es des autres ?crivains confirment la querelle de Michel IV et de l'Orphanotrophe avec leur neveu mais aucun d'eux ne l'explique de plus pr?s et ce ne sont que les allusions de Psellos dans ce cas-l?, plut?t claires, qui contribuent ? une meilleure consid?ration des relations dans la famille des Paphlagoniens mais aussi dans le sommet-m?me de l'?tat. Ce n'est qu'apr?s comparaison de leurs donn?es que nous pouvons avoir une id?e plus claire sur les ?v?nements qui se sont d?roul?s de 1034 jusqu'? 1042: d?s la prise du pouvoir, Michel IV et l'Orphanotrophe proclament leur neveu Michel c?sar; un peu plus tard, ils renoncent ? ce dessein, en interdisant ? Michel Calfat m?me d'acc?der au palais; en cherchant un nouvel h?ritier appartenant ? leur lign?e, ils se retournent vers le fr?re de Michel Calfat, Constantin, commandant de Th?ssalonique en 1040, qui avec succ?s avait fait la guerre avec les Bulgares et a re?u le haut titre de magistros; Michel Calfat retrouve le soutien pour la lutte contre l'Orphanotrophe dans le cadre de sa lign?e - ? son c?t? se trouvent les deux plus jeunes fr?res des Paphlagoniens Constantin et Georges apr?s la mort de Michel IV, ils r?ussissent ? repousser l'Orphanotrophe et ? obtenir un accord avec l'imp?ratrice Zo? et son entourage -apr?s quoi Zo? adopte Michel et il devient basileus; Michel V r?gle tout d'abord les comptes avec les adversaires au sein de sa lign?e tandis qu'? son oncle il attribue le haut titre de nob?lissime. Apr?s cela ils se l?vent ouvertement contre l'imp?ratrice Zo?; apr?s avoir chass? Zo? une r?volte ?clate ? Constantinople, ? la t?te de cette r?volte se trouvent les puissants de l'?poque de Constantin VIII, repouss?s par les politiques familiales de Romain Argyros et des Paphlagoniens. Ils tirent de son couvent la princesse Theodora, la proclament imp?ratrice et, m?fiants envers Zo? ils cr?vent les yeux ? Michel V et au nob?lissime Constantin. Craignant de confier le pouvoir ? l'imp?ratrice Zo? - dont les accords politiques leur ont caus? la perte de leurs positions - ils r?ussissent ? r?aliser leur influence ? travers le r?gne commun des deux s?urs; apr?s avoir renvers? les Paphlagoniens, les organisateurs du soul?vement gagnent de nouveau les plus hauts rangs dans l'arm?e: Nicolas, l'eunuque le plus puissant de Constantin VIII devient de nouveau le domestique des scholes d'Orient, Constantin Kabasilas, substitu? au tout d?but du r?gne des Paphlagoniens, devient le domestique des scholes d'Occident. Le nob?lissime Constantin, que Michel Attaliate surnomme ? tort le patradelps?z de Michel V, a ?t? renvoy? ? Constantinople uniquement dans le but de d?couvrir l'abri du tr?sor pr?s de son oikos pr?s des Saints Ap?tres o? ont ?t? dissimul?s, selon Skylitz?s presque 1700 kilogrammes d'or.

Caros(as) leitores(as),O Congresso Odontológico do Norte do Paraná (CONP) é um evento muito especial da nossa Universidade. Nos dias 07, 08 e 09 de novembro estivemos com as portas abertas da nossa ‘casa’ para ofercer muito conhecimento.Nosso objetivo foi promover a atualização e expansão da evidência científica para acadêmicos e profissionais do município de Jacarezinho e região. O compromisso é com o conhecimento, levando informações técnico-biológicas sem esquecer da humanização no atendimento odontológico, visando sempre os resultados com foco no paciente. Como diria Paulo Freire: 'Educação não transforma o mundo. Educação muda pessoas. Pessoas transformam o mundo'. Contribuir para a formação de futuros profissionais e, ao mesmo tempo, permitir a atualização dos profissionais que já atuam no mercado de trabalho, tem um valor imensurável para a Sociedade.O IV CONP fez uma abordagem integral da Odontologia a partir do desenvolvimento das suas mais diversas áreas. Foram compartilhadas informações complementares e atualizadas sobre as diversas áreas de atuação especializada, tais como: Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, Dentística, Endodontia, Radiologia, Harmonização Orofacial, Implantodontia, Odontopediatria, Ortodontia, Periodontia e Prótese.Durante a semana do IV CONP, tivemos outras duas atividades científicas. Nos dias 04 e 05 de novembro foi realizado a II Jornada Acadêmica Odontológica, em que os graduandos do 4º e 5º ano do curso de Odontologia da UENP tiveram a possibilidade de apresentar seus pré-projetos e os trabalhos de conclusão de curso, respectivamente. Tal momento foi muito importante pois confirma o compromisso da UENP com o conhecimento científico.Desejo que tenha uma excelente leitura com os resumos dos trabalhos apresentados durante o IV CONP, como também durante a II Jornada Acadêmica Odontológica.” Prof. Dr. Rafael Ferreira Presidente Docente do IV CONPIV Congresso Odontológico do Norte do Paraná - UENP – Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná

Categoria Pós-Graduação (Pesquisa/Revisão Sistemática)Avaliação da aplicação ativa de sistemas adesivos universais nas propriedades adesivas em esmalte. Campos VS, Cardenas AFM, Siqueira FSF, Hilgemberg B, Loguercio AD, Gomes JCAvaliação de um adesivo universal na resistência de união de sistemas de colagem ortodônticas ao esmalte após desafio erosivo. Mendonça CF, Laurienzo G, Ogawa CM, Fuziy A, Silva LH, Maeda FACorrelação entre as formas dos arcos dentários e os tipos faciais. Rosa APB, Rodrigues EG, Torres FC, Comar LP, Alonso MBCC, Triviño TDegradação de força das cadeias elastoméricas convencionais e com memória: estudo in vitro. Mendonça CF, Lourenço TRG, Fuziy A, Freitas CF, Torres FC, Silva LH,Triviño TEquisetum giganteum e Punica granatum associados a adesivo protético: atividade antimicrobiana contra biofilmes de Candida albicans. Almeida NLM, Saldanha LL, Alavarce RAS, Porto VC, Dokkedal AL, Lara VSLimites periodontais da movimentação ortodôntica dos incisivos superiores. Rosa APB, Guerra EDD, Araújo Júnior FM, Ferreira CF, Fuziy A, Nahás-Scocate ACRResistência de união e padrão de condicionamento de um novo primer auto-condicionante de cerâmicas vítreas. Campos VS, Siqueira FSF, Cardenas AFM, Hilgemberg B, Loguercio AD, Gomes JCCategoria Graduação (Pesquisa/Revisão Sistemática)Avaliação da precisão do torque dos braquetes de Roth. Rover ALP, Cavalcante RT, Pereira DV, Fuziy A, Silva LH, Carvalho PEGBullying e más oclusões: uma revisão sistemática. Quaglio GR, Fuziy A, Torres FC, Fernandes KM, Grande DS, Carvalho PEDesmineralização das superfícies do órgão dental por meio do consumo de substâncias líquidas ácidas. Garcia T, Dias JGO, Leopoldo BRA, Ribeiro BVN, Parreiras SO, Silva DFEfeitos de clareamento de consultório no fluxo pulpar e sensibilidade dentária: série de casos. Lopes BO, Cartagena AF, Parreiras SO, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Campanha NHEfeito da simulação de escovação e desafio ácido na superfície de arcos ortodônticos de NiTi. Padilha MLP, Fuziy A, Castro TGR, Messias MADG, Ogawa CM, Maeda FAPenetração do peróxido de hidrogênio na câmara pulpar de dentes submetidos a diferentes sistemas de clareamento. Girotto C, Cruz GP, Parreiras SO, Favoreto MW, Loguercio A, Reis ACategoria Graduação (Caso Clínico/Revisão da Literatura)A relação entre a atuação odontológica e o desenvolvimento de pneumonia em indivíduos internados nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). Silva LRS, Santos MN, Parreiras SO, Foggiato AAA utilização da escovação supervisionada: uma revisão de literatura. Frederich GM, Botelho MTB, Parreiras SO,Silva DFCaso atípico de impacção dentária em região de cabeça da mandíbula: relato clínico. Oliveira RP, Fuziy A, Roque JS, Costa ALF, Freitas CF, Pastori CMCementoblastoma: relato de caso. Rossetto RE,Lopes BO, Ferracini MA, Roque JSDesafio diagnóstico em paciente com anomalias dentárias: relato de caso. Marques NT, Mendes JP, Bertram CE, Lima HG, Ponce JB, Lara VSFibroma ameloblástico em dentição mista. Campanha LS, Redígollo IM, Roque JS, Bisinelli JCImplicações estomatológicas na utilização do fármaco Alendronato: uma revisão de literatura. Cardoso IZ, Bisinelli JC, Roque JS, Girotto MALesão odontogênica associada a pré-molar em mandíbula. Silveira LB, Ortelan HC, Ponce JB, Lima HG, Lara VSPênfigo Vulgar: manifestação clínica e diagnóstico. Roman TNM, Zani IC, Bisinelli JC, Roque JS, Girotto MARestabelecimento estético de um sorriso envelhecido: caso clínico. Assis GM, Cardenas AFM, Mora CAP, Siqueira FSF, Parreiras SO, Gomes JC

EditorialCaros(as) Leitores(as)O III Congresso Odontológico do Norte do Paraná, evento científico organizado pelo Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná busca contribuir com a formação dos acadêmicos da Universidade com informações complementares sobre as diversas áreas de atuação especializada, tais como Odontopediatria, Dentística, Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial, Periodontia, Prótese, Ortodontia, Terapêutica e Ética. Durante o evento renomados professores destas específicas áreas mostraram formas alternativas de tratamento dos diversos problemas odontológicos, conhecimentos técnicos-científicos filosóficos sobre a abordagem multidisciplinar dos pacientes. A formação básica também foi contemplada no evento com uma palestra de Semiologia. O evento mostra a preocupação da Universidade de preparar os alunos também para o exercício profissional na saúde pública. Ademais, por ser aberto aos profissionais da região de Jacarezinho, o evento também contribui para sua atualização técnica-científica. Contribuir para a formação de futuros profissionais, e ao mesmo tempo, permitir a atualização dos profissionais que já atuam no mercado de trabalho tem um alto valor para a Sociedade, a possibilidade de um atendimento melhor, atualizado e humanitário do paciente.Comissão Organizadora

Com o objetivo de avançar no reconhecimento das relações interfederativas influentes em processos de governança na Região Metropolitana (RM) do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, este relatório apresenta um levantamento das estruturas institucionais formais presentes nesta RM, que constituem práticas de gestão e governança interinstitucionais e que poderão influenciar o planejamento e a governança metropolitana.

Bakgrunn: Denne artikkelen er en kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket Cool Kids, et program med hovedmålsetting å hjelpe barn og unge i alderen 6-18 år å håndtere angst og relaterte vansker. Programmet kan tilbys både individuelt og i gruppeformat, med ca. 10 møter. Cool Kids -programmet er teoretisk forankret i kognitiv adferdsterapi. Sentrale metoder i programmet omfatter psykoedukasjon, kognitiv restrukturering, eksponering og inkludering av foreldre. Opplæring, godkjenning av veiledere og godkjenning som Cool Kids-terapeut tilbys gratis av RKBU Vest. Programmet tilbys per i dag i Norge i kommunehelsetjenesten, skolehelsetjenesten og spesialisthelsetjenesten Metode: Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen bygger på et systematisk litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS og SweMed. Det er også søkt i internasjonale kunnskapsdatabaser om evidens samt innhentet informasjon om tiltaket fra tiltakseier. Litteratursøk og annen innhentet informasjon ble gjennomgått for å identifisere nordiske effektstudier, internasjonale oppsummeringsstudier og eventuelt andre norske studier om tiltaket. Resultater: Litteratursøket resulterte i 220 treff hvorav totalt 9 artikler ble inkludert, åtte nordiske effektstudier og en kunnskapsoppsummering. Cool Kids er detaljert beskrevet og er teoretisk forankret i kognitiv atferdsterapi, som har bred forskningsstøtte som behandling for angstlidelser. Studiene av Cool Kids holder god forskningsmetodisk kvalitet, med før, etter, og oppfølgingsmålinger, relevante og utprøvde måleinstrumenter og et multiinformant perspektiv i flertallet av studiene. Studiene ble gjennomført både i en klinisk gruppe og en gruppe som fikk indikert forebyggende (barn og ungdom som skårer over en terskelverdi på angst) tiltak. I flertallet av studiene var det en statistisk signifikant forskjell mellom intervensjonsgruppen (Cool Kids) og sammenligningsgruppen. I både en klinisk og i en indikert forebyggende kontekst ble det påvist små til store effektstørrelser. Oppfølgingsstudier viser at effektnivået i stor grad opprettholdes over tid. Konklusjon: Cool Kids er et evidensbasert tiltak som har et solid teoretisk fundament. Programmet er godt beskrevet. Resultater fra nordiske effektstudier tyder på at programmet kan bidra til reduksjon av angst og depresjonssymptom sammenlignet med vanlig behandling og effekten er vist å holde seg over tid for flere hoved utfallsmål. Cool Kids klassifiseres på evidensnivå 5 – Tiltak med sterk dokumentasjon på effekt.

Abstract A description is provided for Marthamyces emarginatus, found on dead fallen leaves of Myrtaceae. Some information on its morphology, dispersal and transmission, interactions and habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa, USA (California, Florida, Hawaii), Argentina, Brazil (Espirito Santo, Maranhao, Minas Gerais, Para, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo), India (Kerala), Spain (Canary Islands), Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria), New Zealand, UK and Cook Islands) and hosts (Myrtaceae).

El siglo XVIII fue un momento complicado en la historia centroamericana. En Europa; Inglaterra y España se vieron envueltas en una larga guerra por el control de los territorios americanos que se tradujo en la firma de pactos controversiales en las cortes reales. El espacio límite ubicado entre la parte occidental de la Península de Yucatán y lo que es ahora el norte de Belice fue un lugar en disputa con dos destacados actores políticos: Alejandro Joseph de Guelle y James Cook. Ambos viajaron de ida y vuelta desde Mérida hasta el Walix y gracias a eso, contribuyeron a construir este espacio en nuestro imaginario como un lugar histórico con implicaciones políticas como territorio de frontera.

Este relatório faz parte da sequência de etapas do projeto Governança Metropolitana no Brasil, coordenado nacionalmente pelo Ipea e conduzido regionalmente por institutos estaduais de planejamento e pesquisa, universidades e organizações do terceiro setor. Especificamente, trata-se aqui do caso da Região Metropolitana (RM) de Belém, no estado do Pará, Norte do Brasil, formada pelos municípios de Belém, Ananindeua, Marituba, Benevides, Santa Bárbara do Pará, Santa Izabel do Pará e Castanhal. Abordam-se, neste relatório, mecanismos, iniciativas, regulamentações e relações institucionais em que o tema metropolitano, sobretudo afeito ao domínio das políticas urbanas, vem sendo recentemente abordado pela administração pública nos níveis municipal e estadual. Este texto está dividido em três seções. Em primeiro lugar, abordam-se mecanismos, legislações e instituições diretamente envolvidos em uma temática que, embora ampla, trabalharia o espectro da administração territorial da RM de Belém. Diz-se territorial não apenas pela abordagem afeita aos chamados estudos urbanos e regionais, mas porque as políticas urbanas clássicas (habitação, uso e ocupação do solo; transportes públicos e mobilidade urbana; saneamento básico) são inevitavelmente relacionadas à dimensão espacial e a decisões essencialmente políticas e de impacto distributivo (ou concentrador) da riqueza social e das mobilizações de capital e da ação coletiva Em segundo lugar, abordam-se experiências específicas das chamadas funções públicas de interesse comum (FPIC), figuras previstas em lei federal no Brasil. Estas se referem ao compartilhamento de questões cuja abrangência – e eventual encaminhamento de soluções – se concebe como concretamente metropolitana (no caso dos resíduos sólidos ou dos transportes, por exemplo), o que, no país, ainda se verifica como um modelo em curso, apesar da legislação específica vigente. Por fim, aborda-se o caso concreto das secretarias de estado e de núcleo, ambas supramunicipais e que, portanto, sendo ligadas ao governo do estado do Pará, ocupam-se diretamente do tema, institucionalmente. Iniciando-se por exemplos, passando-se por políticas e terminando-se na citação a instituições, pontua-se o caráter ainda parcial e não articulado da governança metropolitana no caso em estudo.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Euscepes postfasciatus Fairmaire. Coleoptera: Curculionidae (West Indian sweet potato weevil, scarabee). Attacks sweet potato. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Madeira, Asia, Amami Islands, Japan, Okinawa, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Caroline Islands, Cook islands, Fiji, Hawaii, Mariana Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Pitcairn Island, Western Samoa, Society islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis Islands, North America, USA, California, Caribbean, Antigua, Barbados, Bermuda, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands, South America, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espirito Santo, Guanabara, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraibá, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.

Reseña de Molina, F. (2017). Cuando amar era pecado. Sexualidad, poder e identidad entre los sodomitas coloniales (Virreinato del Perú, siglos XVI-XVII). La Paz: Plural Editores; Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 179 pp. Por JUAN PEDRO NAVARRO MARTÍNEZ Reseña de Michel Bertrand y Zacarías Moutoukias (Eds.) (2018). Cambio institucional y fiscalidad. Mundo hispánico, 1760-1850, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 431 pp. Por MARTÍN L. E. WASSERMAN Reseña de Diego-Fernández, Rafael; Bernal, Graciela y Alcauter, José Luis (coords.) (2019). Subdelegaciones novohispanas. La jurisdicción como territorio y competencia. Zamora: El Colegio de Michoacán / Universidad de Guanajuato / Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 333 pp. Por CARLOS ARMANDO PRECIADO DE ALBA Reseña de Wasserman, Fabio (comp.) (2019). El mundo en movimiento: El concepto de “revolución” en Iberoamérica y el Atlántico norte (siglos XVII-XX). Buenos Aires: Miño y Dávila Editores. Por NORA SOUTO Reseña de Platt, Tristan (2018). Defendiendo el techo fiscal: curacas, ayllus y sindicatos en el Gran Ayllu Macha, Norte de Potosí, Bolivia, 1930-1994. La Paz: Biblioteca y Archivo Histórico de la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional, Vice-Presidencia del Estado, 512 pp. Por SERGIO SERULNIKOV Reseña de Marchesi, Aldo (2019). Hacer la revolución. Guerrillas latinoamericanas, de los años sesenta a la caída del Muro. Argentina: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 267 pp. Por MANUEL MARTÍNEZ RUESTA

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Liriomyza sativae Blanchard Diptera: Agromyzidae Attacks a wide range of plants (primarily although not exclusively Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Asteraceae). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Finland, UK, ASIA, India, Uttar Pradesh, Oman, Thailand, Yemen, AFRICA, Cameroon, Sudan, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Parana, Pemambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de Janeiro, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Puccinia kuehnii (Kruger) E. J. Butler. Pucciniomycetes: Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae. Host: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Guangxi, Hong Kong, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Kalimantan, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Honshu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam), Africa (Cameroon and Cote d'Ivoire), North America (Mexico, USA, Florida and Louisiana), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua and Panama), South America (Brazil, Espiritu Santo, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Sao Paulo, Colombia and Ecuador) and Oceania (American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Frenh Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Liriomyza sativae Blanchard. Diptera: Agromyzidae. Hosts: Attacks a wide range of plants (primarily although not exclusively Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Asteraceae). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Finland, UK), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, India, Uttar Pradesh, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Jordan, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Oman, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Cameroon, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Kitts Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Venezuela), and Oceania (American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federal States of Micronesia, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stek. Nematoda: Pratylenchidae Hosts: Poiyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bulgaria, ASIA, Afghanistan, Brunei Darussalam, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, AFRICA, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Ontario, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Bolivia, Brazil, Acre, Bahia, Ceara, Espirito, Santo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa, Catarina, Sao Paulo, Colombia, French, Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, Queensland, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Samoa, Tonga.

Organic power is produced by using both solids and liquid organic materials like wastage of industries, agriculture fields, and other synthetic materials. In recent days, many developed countries have given incentives for the production of bio-fuel and injected into the natural gas grid. The existing anaerobic digestion plants are upgraded to produce organic power efficiently. The objective of this paper is to introduce an innovative energy system for consuming organic materials. The proposed system is an anaerobic digestion system that consists of a digestion process tank, water tank, temperature controller for the digestion process, and other accessories to complete that process. An anaerobic digestion plant is developed as a function of the percentage of the organic materials sent to the upgrading system and the amount of organic power produced. The end products of the proposed system are biogas, biomethane, carbon dioxide, and clean fertilizer. The optimized parameters are taken as ammonia CODp, sugar TAN, proteins TOC, and organic inserts NORg. Furthermore, the comparison of organic fuels is discussed with other energy fuels.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Hosts: Rice (Oryza sativa) and strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa[Fragaria ananassa]). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bulgaria, France, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Southern Russia, Slovakia, UK, Ukraine, ASIA, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Republic of Georgia, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, AFRICA, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Texas, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Dominica, Dominican, Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Panama, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Ecuador, OCEANIA, Australia, Northern Territory Queensland, Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) Homoptera: Coccoidea, Diaspididae. Hosts: Citrus, various deciduous fruit trees, and a wide range of shrubs and flowering plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Crete, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Turkey, Africa, Algeria, Angola, Canary Islands, Chagos Archipelago, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Reunion, St Helena, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Hong Kong, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Maghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, West Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tansmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Irian Jaya, New Britain, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Western Samoa, Society Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis Islands, North America, USA, Arizona, California, Florida, Texas, Central America and Caribbean, Antigua, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahia, Ceara, Paraiba, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood Nematoda: Meloidogynidae Extremely large host range. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Central Russia Russia, Eastern Siberia, Spain, Canary, Islands, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, ASIA, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Nei, Menggu, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, North Korea, Korea Republic, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, AFRICA, Algeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao Tome, & Principe, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Belize, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Goias, Mato, Grosso, do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pemambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa, Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Meloidogyne javanica (Treub.) Chitwood Nematoda: Meloidogynidae Polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Central Russia Russian Far East, Southern Russia, Spain, Canary, Islands Mainland Spain, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.), ASIA, Armenia, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei, Menggu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sulawesi, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, AFRICA, Aldabra, Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Comoros, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Santa, Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Brazil, Bahia, Ceara, Goias, Maranhao, Mato, Grosso, do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.

Abstract A description is provided for Lycogala epidendrum, a wood-inhabiting myxomycete which occurs on dead branches, twigs and wood, rotten logs, stumps and trunks, cut logs and other woody debris. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, economic impacts, intraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Liberia, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan), Mexico, USA (Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia); Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama; Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Maranhão, Pará, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe), Ecuador (including Galapagos), French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela; China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Georgia, India (Assam, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan (Almaty, East Kazakhstan, Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, former Kokchetau, former Taldy-Kurgan, former Tselinograd), Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Russia (Altai, Altai Krai, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Novosibirsk Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Tomsk Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; Bahamas, Spain (Canary Islands); Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand; American Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago; Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark (including Faroe Islands), Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Rostov Oblast, Vladimir Oblast, Volgograd Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK; Christmas Island, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles; Cook Islands, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, USA (Hawaii)).

0. IntroductionIf we follow the line of much literature surrounding airports and urban mobility, the emphasis often falls on the fact that these spaces are designed to handle the mega-scale and super-human pace of mass transit. Airports have rightly been associated with velocity, as zones of rapid movement managed by enormous processing systems that guide bodies and things in transit (Pascoe; Pearman; Koolhaas; Gordon; Fuller & Harley). Yet this emphasis tends to ignore the spectrum of tempos and flows that are at play in airport terminals — from stillness to the much exalted hyper-rapidity of mobilized publics in the go-go world of commercial aviation.In this photo essay I'd like to pull a different thread and ask whether it's possible to think of aeromobility in terms of “uneven, differential mobility” (Bissell 280). What would it mean to consider waiting and stillness as forms of bodily engagement operating over a number of different scales and temporalities of movement and anticipation, without privileging speed over stillness? Instead of thinking mobility and stillness as diametrically opposed, can we instead conceive of them as occupying a number of different spatio-temporal registers in a dynamic range of mobility? The following is a provisional "visual ethnography" constructed from photographs of air terminal light boxes I have taken over the last five years (in Amsterdam, London, Chicago, Frankfurt, and Miami). Arranged into a "taxonomy of differentiality", each of these images comes from a slightly different angle, mode or directionality. Each view of these still images displayed in billboard-scale light-emitting devices suggests that there are multiple dimensions of visuality and bodily experience at play in these image-objects. The airport is characterized by an abundance of what appears to be empty space. This may be due to the sheer scale of mass transport, but it also arises from a system of active and non-active zones located throughout contemporary terminals. This photo series emphasises the "emptiness" of these overlooked left-over spaces that result from demands of circulation and construction.1. We Move the WorldTo many travellers, airport gate lounges and their surrounding facilities are loaded with a variety of contradictory associations and affects. Their open warehouse banality and hard industrial sterility tune our bodies to the vast technical and commercial systems that are imbricated through almost every aspect of contemporary everyday life.Here at the departure gate the traveller's body comes to a moment's rest. They are granted a short respite from the anxious routines of check in, body scans, security, information processing, passport scanning, itineraries, boarding procedures and wayfaring the terminal. The landside processing system deposits them at this penultimate point before final propulsion into the invisible airways that pipe them into their destination. We hear the broadcasting of boarding times, check-in times, name's of people that break them away from stillness, forcing people to move, to re-arrange themselves, or to hurry up. Along the way the passenger encounters a variety of techno-spatial experiences that sit at odds with the overriding discourse of velocity, speed and efficiency that lie at the centre of our social understanding of air travel. The airline's phantasmagorical projections of itself as guarantor and enabler of mass mobilities coincides uncomfortably with the passenger's own wish-fulfilment of escape and freedom.In this we can agree with the designer Bruce Mau when he suggests that these projection systems, comprised of "openings of every sort — in schedules, in urban space, on clothes, in events, on objects, in sightlines — are all inscribed with the logic of the market” (Mau 7). The advertising slogans and images everywhere communicate the dual concept that the aviation industry can deliver the world to us on time while simultaneously porting us to any part of the world still willing to accept Diners, VISA or American Express. At each point along the way these openings exhort us to stop, to wait in line, to sit still or to be patient. The weird geographies depicted by the light boxes appear like interpenetrating holes in space and time. These travel portals are strangely still, and only activated by the impending promise of movement.Be still and relax. Your destination is on its way. 2. Attentive AttentionAlongside the panoramic widescreen windows that frame the choreography of the tarmac and flight paths outside, appear luminous advertising light boxes. Snapped tightly to grid and locked into strategic sightlines and thoroughfares, these wall pieces are filled with a rotating menu of contemporary airport haiku and ersatz Swiss graphic design.Mechanically conditioned air pumped out of massive tubes creates the atmosphere for a very particular amalgam of daylight, tungsten, and fluorescent light waves. Low-oxygen-emitting indoor plants are no match for the diesel-powered plant rooms that maintain the constant flow of air to every nook and cranny of this massive processing machine. As Rem Koolhaas puts it, "air conditioning has launched the endless building. If architecture separates buildings, air conditioning unites them" (Koolhaas). In Koolhaas's lingo, these are complex "junkspaces" unifying, colliding and coalescing a number of different circulatory systems, temporalities and mobilities.Gillian Fuller reminds us there is a lot of stopping and going and stopping in the global circulatory system typified by air-terminal-space.From the packing of clothes in fixed containers to strapping your belt – tight and low – stillness and all its requisite activities, technologies and behaviours are fundamental to the ‘flow’ architectures that organize the motion of the globalizing multitudes of today (Fuller, "Store" 63). It is precisely this functional stillness organised around the protocols of store and forward that typifies digital systems, the packet switching of network cultures and the junkspace of airports alike.In these zones of transparency where everything is on view, the illuminated windows so proudly brought to us by J C Decaux flash forward to some idealized moment in the future. In this anticipatory moment, the passenger's every fantasy of in-flight service is attended to. The ultimate in attentiveness (think dimmed lights, soft pillows and comfy blankets), this still image is captured from an improbable future suspended behind the plywood and steel seating available in the moment —more reminiscent of park benches in public parks than the silver-service imagined for the discerning traveller.3. We Know ChicagoSelf-motion is itself a demonstration against the earth-binding weight of gravity. If we climb or fly, our defiance is greater (Appleyard 180).The commercial universe of phones, cameras, computer network software, financial instruments, and an array of fancy new gadgets floating in the middle of semi-forgotten transit spaces constitutes a singular interconnected commercial organism. The immense singularity of these claims to knowledge and power loom solemnly before us asserting their rights in the Esperanto of "exclusive rollover minutes", "nationwide long distance", "no roaming charges" and insider local knowledge. The connective tissue that joins one part of the terminal to a commercial centre in downtown Chicago is peeled away, revealing techno-veins and tendrils reaching to the sky. It's a graphic view that offers none of the spectacular openness and flights of fancy associated with the transit lounges located on the departure piers and satellites. Along these circulatory ribbons we experience the still photography and the designer's arrangement of type to attract the eye and lure the body. The blobby diagonals of the telco's logo blend seamlessly with the skyscraper's ribbons of steel, structural exoskeleton and wireless telecommunication cloud.In this plastinated anatomy, the various layers of commercially available techno-space stretch out before the traveller. Here we have no access to the two-way vistas made possible by the gigantic transparent tube structures of the contemporary air terminal. Waiting within the less travelled zones of the circulatory system we find ourselves suspended within the animating system itself. In these arteries and capillaries the flow is spread out and comes close to a halt in the figure of the graphic logo. We know Chicago is connected to us.In the digital logic of packet switching and network effects, there is no reason to privilege the go over the stop, the moving over the waiting. These light box portals do not mirror our bodies, almost at a complete standstill now. Instead they echo the commercial product world that they seek to transfuse us into. What emerges is a new kind of relational aesthetics that speaks to the complex corporeal, temporal, and architectural dimensions of stillness and movement in transit zones: like "a game, whose forms, patterns and functions develop and evolve according to periods and social contexts” (Bourriaud 11). 4. Machine in the CaféIs there a possible line of investigation suggested by the fact that sound waves become visible on the fuselage of jet planes just before they break the sound barrier? Does this suggest that the various human senses are translatable one into the other at various intensities (McLuhan 180)?Here, the technological imaginary contrasts itself with the techno alfresco dining area enclosed safely behind plate glass. Inside the cafes and bars, the best businesses in the world roll out their biggest guns to demonstrate the power, speed and scale of their network coverage (Remmele). The glass windows and light boxes "have the power to arrest a crowd around a commodity, corralling them in chic bars overlooking the runway as they wait for their call, but also guiding them where to go next" (Fuller, "Welcome" 164). The big bulbous plane sits plump in its hangar — no sound barriers broken here. It reassures us that our vehicle is somewhere there in the network, resting at its STOP before its GO. Peeking through the glass wall and sharing a meal with us, this interpenetrative transparency simultaneously joins and separates two planar dimensions — machinic perfection on one hand, organic growth and death on the other (Rowe and Slutsky; Fuller, "Welcome").Bruce Mau is typical in suggesting that the commanding problem of the twentieth century was speed, represented by the infamous image of a US Navy Hornet fighter breaking the sound barrier in a puff of smoke and cloud. It has worked its way into every aspect of the design experience, manufacturing, computation and transport.But speed masks more than it reveals. The most pressing problem facing designers and citizens alike is growth — from the unsustainable logic of infinite growth in GDP to the relentless application of Moore's Law to the digital networks and devices that define contemporary society in the first world. The shift of emphasis from speed to growth as a time-based event with breaking points and moments of rupture has generated new possibilities. "Growth is nonlinear and unpredictable ... Few of us are ready to admit that growth is constantly shadowed by its constitutive opposite, that is equal partners with death” (Mau 497).If speed in part represents a flight from death (Virilio), growth invokes its biological necessity. In his classic study of the persistence of the pastoral imagination in technological America, The Machine in the Garden, Leo Marx charted the urge to idealize rural environments at the advent of an urban industrialised America. The very idea of "the flight from the city" can be understood as a response to the onslaught of technological society and it's deathly shadow. Against the murderous capacity of technological society stood the pastoral ideal, "incorporated in a powerful metaphor of contradiction — a way of ordering meaning and value that clarifies our situation today" (Marx 4). 5. Windows at 35,000 FeetIf waiting and stillness are active forms of bodily engagement, we need to consider the different layers of motion and anticipation embedded in the apprehension of these luminous black-box windows. In The Virtual Window, Anne Friedberg notes that the Old Norse derivation of the word window “emphasizes the etymological root of the eye, open to the wind. The window aperture provides ventilation for the eye” (103).The virtual windows we are considering here evoke notions of view and shelter, open air and sealed protection, both separation from and connection to the outside. These windows to nowhere allow two distinct visual/spatial dimensions to interface, immediately making the visual field more complex and fragmented. Always simultaneously operating on at least two distinct fields, windows-within-windows provide a specialized mode of spatial and temporal navigation. As Gyorgy Kepes suggested in the 1940s, the transparency of windows "implies more than an optical characteristic; it implies a broader spatial order. Transparency means a simultaneous perception of different spatial locations" (Kepes 77).The first windows in the world were openings in walls, without glass and designed to allow air and light to fill the architectural structure. Shutters were fitted to control air flow, moderate light and to enclose the space completely. It was not until the emergence of glass technologies (especially in Holland, home of plate glass for the display of commercial products) that shielding and protection also allowed for unhindered views (by way of transparent glass). This gives rise to the thesis that windows are part of a longstanding architectural/technological system that moderates the dual functions of transparency and separation. With windows, multi-dimensional planes and temporalities can exist in the same time and space — hence a singular point of experience is layered with many other dimensions. Transparency and luminosity "ceases to be that which is perfectly clear and becomes instead that which is clearly ambiguous" (Rowe and Slutsky 45). The light box air-portals necessitate a constant fluctuation and remediation that is at once multi-planar, transparent and "hard to read". They are informatic.From holes in the wall to power lunch at 35,000 feet, windows shape the manner in which light, information, sights, smells, temperature and so on are modulated in society. "By allowing the outside in and the inside out, [they] enable cosmos and construction to innocently, transparently, converge" (Fuller, "Welcome" 163). Laptop, phone, PDA and light box point to the differential mobilities within a matrix that traverses multiple modes of transparency and separation, rest and flight, stillness and speed.6. Can You Feel It?Increasingly the whole world has come to smell alike: gasoline, detergents, plumbing, and junk foods coalesce into the catholic smog of our age (Illich 47).In these forlorn corners of mobile consumption, the dynamic of circulation simultaneously slows and opens out. The surfaces of inscription implore us to see them at precisely the moment we feel unseen, unguided and off-camera. Can you see it, can you feel it, can you imagine the unimaginable, all available to us on demand? Expectation and anticipation give us something to look forward to, but we're not sure we want what's on offer.Air travel radicalizes the separation of the air traveller from ground at one instance and from the atmosphere at another. Air, light, temperature and smell are all screened out or technologically created by the terminal plant and infrastructure. The closer the traveller moves towards stillness, the greater the engagement with senses that may have been ignored by the primacy of the visual in so much of this circulatory space. Smell, hunger, tiredness, cold and hardness cannot be screened out.In this sense, the airplanes we board are terminal extensions, flying air-conditioned towers or groundscrapers jet-propelled into highways of the air. Floating above the horizon, immersed in a set of logistically ordained trajectories and pressurized bubbles, we look out the window and don't see much at all. Whatever we do see, it's probably on the screen in front of us which disconnects us from one space-time-velocity at the same time that it plugs us into another set of relations. As Koolhaas says, junkspace is "held together not by structure, but by skin, like a bubble" (Koolhaas). In these distended bubbles, the traveler momentarily occupies an uncommon transit space where stillness is privileged and velocity is minimized. The traveler's body itself is "engaged in and enacting a whole kaleidoscope of different everyday practices and forms" during the course of this less-harried navigation (Bissell 282).7. Elevator MusicsThe imaginary wheel of the kaleidoscope spins to reveal a waiting body-double occupying the projected territory of what appears to be a fashionable Miami. She's just beyond our reach, but beside her lies a portal to another dimension of the terminal's vascular system.Elevators and the networks of shafts and vents that house them, are to our buildings like veins and arteries to the body — conduits that permeate and structure the spaces of our lives while still remaining separate from the fixity of the happenings around them (Garfinkel 175). The terminal space contains a number of apparent cul-de-sacs and escape routes. Though there's no background music piped in here, another soundtrack can be heard. The Muzak corporation may douse the interior of the elevator with its own proprietary aural cologne, but at this juncture the soundscape is more "open". This functional shifting of sound from figure to ground encourages peripheral hearing, providing "an illusion of distended time", sonically separated from the continuous hum of "generators, ventilation systems and low-frequency electrical lighting" (Lanza 43).There is another dimension to this acoustic realm: “The mobile ecouteur contracts the flows of information that are supposed to keep bodies usefully and efficiently moving around ... and that turn them into functions of information flows — the speedy courier, the networking executive on a mobile phone, the scanning eyes of the consumer” (Munster 18).An elevator is a grave says an old inspector's maxim, and according to others, a mechanism to cross from one world to another. Even the quintessential near death experience with its movement down a long illuminated tunnel, Garfinkel reminds us, “is not unlike the sensation of movement we experience, or imagine, in a long swift elevator ride” (Garfinkel 191).8. States of SuspensionThe suspended figure on the screen occupies an impossible pose in an impossible space: half falling, half resting, an anti-angel for today's weary air traveller. But it's the same impossible space revealed by the airport and bundled up in the experience of flight. After all, the dimension this figures exists in — witness the amount of activity in his suspension — is almost like a black hole with the surrounding universe collapsing into it. The figure is crammed into the light box uncomfortably like passengers in the plane, and yet occupies a position that does not exist in the Cartesian universe.We return to the glossy language of advertising, its promise of the external world of places and products delivered to us by the image and the network of travel. (Remmele) Here we can go beyond Virilio's vanishing point, that radical reversibility where inside and outside coincide. Since everybody has already reached their destination, for Virilio it has become completely pointless to leave: "the inertia that undermines your corporeity also undermines the GLOBAL and the LOCAL; but also, just as much, the MOBILE and the IMMOBILE” (Virilio 123; emphasis in original).In this clinical corner of stainless steel, glass bricks and exit signs hangs an animated suspension that articulates the convergence of a multitude of differentials in one image. 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