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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Convertible vehicles“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Convertible vehicles"
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Fariz Ramadhan, Sendy, Muhammad Sa’dan Dardiri, Rizfani Agusta Arifin und Budi Mardikawati. „RAMAH LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI ALASAN TERTINGGI MASYARAKAT BERMINAT PADA KENDARAAN KONVERSI HASIL KUESIONER“. Berkala Forum Studi Transportasi antar Perguruan Tinggi 2, Nr. 1 (30.04.2024): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/berkalafstpt.v2i1.913.
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ABSTRAKKeberadaan kendaraan listrik dapat dijadikan solusi atas permasalahan pencemaran lingkungan akibat gas karbon oleh kendaraan konvensional. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis minat masyarakat mengenai kendaraan konversi yang sedang gencar digalakkan pemerintah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan penyebaran kuisoner secara daring. Data hasil kuesioner berupa informasi tentang karakteristik responden serta alasan responden untuk berminat atau tidak berminat menggunakan kendaraan konversi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi-square test of independence untuk mengetahui karakteristik responden yang berminat melakukan konversi kendaraan. Analisis alasan minat responden dilakukan dengan statistik deskriptif frekuensi yang disajikan dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil analisis menunjukkan karakteristik intensitas penggunaan kendaraan dan pengetahuan terhadap kendaraan konversi berpengaruh terhadap minat masyarakat dalam melakukan konversi kendaraan. Alasan paling tinggi responden berminat melakukan konversi kendaraan adalah ramah lingkungan. Hasil kajian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan sosialisasi mengajak masyarakat untuk beralih ke kendaraan konversi. ABSTRACTThe existence of electric vehicles can be used as a solution to the problem of environmental pollution due to carbon dioxide emissions from conventional vehicles. This study aims to analyze public interest in conversion vehicles that are being intensively promoted by the government. The method used is a quantitative method of distributing questionnaires online. Data from the questionnaire results in information about the characteristics of the respondents and their reasons for being interested or not in using a convertible. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test of independence to determine the characteristics of respondents who are interested in converting vehicles. An analysis of the reasons for the respondents' interest was carried out using descriptive statistics of the frequency presented in the form of percentages. The results of the analysis show that the characteristics of the intensity of vehicle use and knowledge of convertible vehicles have an effect on people's interest in converting vehicles. The most common reason respondents are interested in converting vehicles is that they are environmentally friendly. The results of this study can be used as material for outreach inviting people to switch to convertible vehicles.
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Uechi, Schun T., und Hiroshi Uechi. „A Mechanical Vibration-induced Electric Energy Generation (MVEG) and Applications to Ride Quality of Vehicles and International Roughness Index (IRI)“. Studies in Engineering and Technology 6, Nr. 1 (28.05.2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v6i1.4301.
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A mechanical vibration-induced, electric energy harvesting method is discussed with applications to vibration analyses of systems of vehicles, motorboats, trains, machines and bridges, etc.. The research has evolved from the analysis of International Roughness Index (IRI), which studies roughness of road-surface as longitudinal vibrational motions in a vehicle measured with a quarter-car simulation (QCS) or Global Positioning System (GPS) with sensors such as gyro sensor and magnetometer sensor. The electric energy-convertible vibrations with information of roughness of road surface are extracted by way of an mechanoelectric energy conversion, and an energy harvesting technology suitable for the system of vehicles is discussed. The mechanical vibration-induced electric current is also suitable for IRI information measurement as well as a measure for ride quality of vehicles.
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Barrett-Gonzalez, Ronald. „High Performance Convertible Coleopter Drones“. Drones 6, Nr. 11 (08.11.2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6110346.
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This paper opens with an historical overview of efforts to develop micro-, mini-, and organic aerial vehicles (MAVs and OAVs) in the 1990’s. Although conceived during WWII, coleopters would not see serial production for 60 years. The paper continues with programmatic aspects of hovering coleopter development of the 1990’s and describes the technical motivations behind in-flight conversion from hover-mode to missile-mode flight and the record-setting XQ-138 family of convertible coleopters. As the first commercially successful family of such aircraft, the XQ-138 was taken from initial concept through configuration design, detailed design, patenting, prototyping, proof-of-concept, production, flight testing, qualification, and eventually high rate production, all with private funding. The paper lists basic engineering drivers, covers fundamental sizing methods, presents weight fraction data, and describes flight test procedures, locations, conditions, and results. High-speed flight test data show the stock aircraft achieving speeds in excess of 164 mph (263 kph) with endurances in excess of an hour at that speed with a special dash-optimized version reaching 288 mph (463 kph) for a few minutes. Videos from flight testing and live-fire exercises are shown at Redstone Arsenal, Eglin Air Force Base, and Fort Benning test ranges under extreme conditions. The paper concludes with an assessment of civil and military variants for a variety of military missions and commercial uses.
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Barrett, R. „Hypermanoeuvrability and visual cloaking: new adaptive aerostructures technologies for UAVs“. Aeronautical Journal 114, Nr. 1156 (Juni 2010): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003857.
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Abstract The paper begins with a summary of the performance characteristics of the most important classes of adaptive aerostructures which are relevant for UAVs and the materials which drive them. The paper describes several classes of UAVs that take advantage of the various kinds of adaptive aerostructures technologies. These technologies are shown to be suitable for very small and even hard-launched UAVs, hovering, high speed, low speed and convertible UAVs (i.e. UAVs that can transition between helicopter and aircraft/missile flight modes). The first class of UAVs presented highlights newly invented post-buckled precompressed (PBP) actuators which are particularly well suited to enhancing convertible coleopters or ‘ultra-high performance UAVs.’ These UAVs are capable of hovering for extended periods of time as a helicopter in gusty, windy, dusty, real tactical environments, then popping up, converting and dashing out like a missile at several hundred knots. The paper shows photos (i.e. no computer simulations) of convertible coleopter launches from armoured vehicles, a battle-damage assessment exercise and a live fire sequence with 40mm munitions. The paper concludes with a description of the visual signature suppression (VSS) system which was employed on a 2m UAV. The VSS system was shown to suppress the visual cross section to below 1·8cm2 which is the threshold for human aircraft observation. Accordingly, VSS equipped aircraft are said to ‘disappear’ in mid flight.
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Filippone, A., und G. N. Barakos. „Rotorcraft systems for urban air mobility: A reality check“. Aeronautical Journal 125, Nr. 1283 (24.06.2020): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.52.
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ABSTRACT“Urban air vehicles” have been hailed as the next revolution in aviation. Prototypes of various sizes have been flown to demonstrate basic flight (hover and climb), but in most cases there is no demonstration of full flight capability, for example conversion from vertical to level flight (conversion corridor). There are proposals for vehicles in a wide range of scales: from drones specifically designed to deliver goods, to full size vehicles for manned transportation. Most of the concepts proposed include full electric propulsion, multiple (often convertible) rotors (ducted or un-ducted, counter-rotating), and widespread use of composite materials. Start-up companies are seeking funding with high-profile demonstrations in front of the media, but many unresolved technical problems are not been solved. Large aerospace companies have joined the fray. These initiatives are fuelling expectations that achieving the next milestone is within easy reach. This paper aims to fill some gaps in understanding and curb optimism. It takes a holistic view in order to establish a scientific basis for design, manufacturing, operations.
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Mohd Zawawi, Fazila, Peng Lv, Sebastien Prothin, Joseph Morlier, Emmanuel Benard und Jean Marc Moschetta. „Performance Enhancement of Tilt-Body Micro Air Vehicle by Use of Orthotropic Laminated Proprotors“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (Januar 2016): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.585.
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A passive twist control is considered as an adaptive way to maximize the overall efficiency of a proprotor developed for convertible Micro Air Vehicles (MAV). In this paper, adaptation of the proprotor geometry in accordance to flight configurations is achieved by induced twist generated by the inherent structural coupling effect in anisotropic composite material and centrifugal force emanating from the tip load. Beam Finite Element Model based on Rotating Timoshenko Theory is used to predict structural loads, while Blade Element Momentum Theory is employed to predict the aerodynamic performance of adaptive proprotor as applied on Micro Air Vehicles (MAV). The iterative process of combination of aerodynamic model and structural model is used to compute the steady-state deformation of the flexible laminated proprotor blade due aerodynamic loads. Finally, the optimal design of lamina blade material is carried out to investigate the potential of flexible blade in the proprotorperformance enhancement.
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Vereshchikov, D. V., I. K. Makarov, I. S. Moiseeva und S. M. Barantsev. „Full-scale simulator to test a control system of an engine-propeller powerplant of a convertible aerial vehicle“. Civil Aviation High Technologies 27, Nr. 1 (29.02.2024): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2024-27-1-61-71.
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The article presents the results of work involved with developing a full-scale simulator for research into determining the structure and parameters of the control system for unmanned aerial copter-type vehicles with a powerplant comprising electric motors with fixed-pitch propellers. The features of the engineering implementation of the simulator, taking into account the prospects for its development in terms of greater maneuverability (pitch, roll and yaw), are presented. The implemented principle of the Simulink integration – a model of the control object, a controller based on the Arduino platform, a gyroscope-accelerometer to organize feedbacks for the purpose of forming algorithms of the automatic and positional (manual) pitch angle control, manual motor revs control is described. The analysis of the full-scale simulation results in terms of the quality of transients and power costs for various settings of the PID-regulator, which provides generating a signal of electric motor revolutions, is presented. It is concluded that it is feasible to create and use an experimental base to justify the use of adaptive control algorithms for unmanned aerial copter-type vehicles with elements of artificial intelligence to ensure the required flying characteristics in a wide range of properties of control objects.
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Schmock, Uwe. „Estimating the Value of the Wincat Coupons of the Winterthur Insurance Convertible Bond: A Study of the Model Risk“. ASTIN Bulletin 29, Nr. 1 (Mai 1999): 101–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.29.1.504608.
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AbstractThe three annual 2¼% interest coupons of the Winterthur Insurance convertible bond (face value Chf 4 700) will only be paid out if during their corresponding observation periods no major storm or hail storm on one single day damages at least 6 000 motor vehicles insured with Winterthur Insurance. Data for events, where storm or hail damaged more than 1 000 insured vehicles, are available for the last ten years. Using a constant-parameter model, the estimated discounted value of the three Wincat coupons together is Chf 263.29. A conservative evaluation, which accounts for the standard deviation of the estimate, gives a coupon value of Chf 238.25. However, fitting models which admit a trend or a change-point, leads to substantially higher knock-out probabilities of the coupons. The estimated discounted values of the coupons can drop below the above conservative value; a conservative evaluation as above leads to substantially lower values. Hence, already the model uncertainty is higher than the standard deviations of the used estimators. This shows the dominance of the model risk. Consistency, dispersion, robustness and sensitivity of the models are analysed by a simulation study.
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Zhao, Yun, Xiaoning Shen und Zhongpei Ge. „A Knowledge-Guided Multi-Objective Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for Dynamic Multi-Depot Multi-Trip Vehicle Routing Problem“. Symmetry 16, Nr. 6 (05.06.2024): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16060697.
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Optimization algorithms have a wide range of applications in symmetry problems, such as graphs, networks, and pattern recognition. In this paper, a dynamic periodic multi-depot multi-trip vehicle routing model for scheduling test samples is constructed, which considers the differences in testing unit price and testing capacity of various agencies and introduces a cross-depot collaborative transport method. Both the cost and the testing time are minimized by determining the optimal sampling routes and testing agencies, subjecting to the constraints of vehicle capacity, number of vehicles, and delivery time. To solve the model, a knowledge-guided multi-objective shuffled frog leaping algorithm (KMOSFLA) is proposed. KMOSFLA adopts a convertible encoding mechanism to realize the diversified search in different search spaces. Three novel strategies are designed: the population initialization with historical information reuse, the leaping rule based on the greedy crossover and genetic recombination, and the objective-driven enhanced search. Systematic experimental studies are implemented. First, feasibility analyses of the model are carried out, where effectiveness of the cross-depot collaborative transport is validated and sensitivity analyses on two parameters (vehicle capacity and proportion of the third-party testing agencies) are performed. Then, the proposed algorithm KMOSFLA is compared with five state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental results indicate that KMOSFLA can provide a set of non-dominated schedules with lower cost and shorter testing time in each scheduling period, which provides a reference for the dispatcher to make a final decision.
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Cao, Xiao, und Li Liu. „State-of-Charge Trajectory Planning for Low-Altitude Solar-Powered Convertible UAV by Driven Modes“. Drones 8, Nr. 3 (26.02.2024): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones8030080.
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The conversion efficiency of solar energy and the capacity of energy storage batteries limit the development of low-altitude solar-powered aircrafts in the face of challenging meteorological phenomena in the lower atmosphere. In this paper, the energy planning problem of solar-power convertible unmanned aerial vehicles (SCUAVs) is studied, and a degressive state-of-charge (SOC) trajectory planning method with energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed. The SOC trajectory planning strategy is divided into four stages driven by three modes, which achieves the energy cycle of SCUAV’s long-endurance cruise and multiple hovers without the need to fully charge the battery SOC. The EMS is applied to control the output of solar cell/battery and power distribution for each stage according to three modes. A prediction model based on wavelet transform (WT), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) is proposed for the weather forecast in the low altitude, where solar irradiance is used for the prediction of solar input power, and the wind and its inflow direction take into account the multi-mode power prediction. Numerical and simulation results indicate that the effectiveness of the proposed SOC trajectory planning method has a positive impact on low-altitude solar-powered aircrafts.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Convertible vehicles"
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Oliveira, Tomas Lopes de. „Commande automatique de véhicules convertibles à poussée vectorielle“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4055.
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Cette thèse traite du contrôle des véhicules convertibles à poussée vectorielle. Elle développe et valide une solution de contrôle unifiée, applicable à une large gamme de régimes de vol, incluant le vol stationnaire, le vol de croisière, ainsi que les transitions entre ces phases. Le travail de recherche apporte trois contributions majeures dans ce domaine. La première contribution porte sur l'extension de la solution de contrôle au vol à basse vitesse, une zone où les méthodes de contrôle actuelles sont souvent inadéquates. Cela est accompli par l'introduction d'une stratégie spécifique pour le vol stationnaire, accompagnée d'une politique de contrôle dédiée à la gestion des transitions entre le vol stationnaire et le vol de croisière, et inversement. La deuxième contribution concerne l'estimation de la vitesse air, essentielle pour le contrôle dans toutes les phases de vol. L'observateur proposé, qui inclut également l'estimation de l'attitude, s'appuie sur les mesures de la sonde Pitot, ainsi que sur des données accélérométriques et gyroscopiques. Il combine les méthodes de synthèse des observateurs de Riccati et des filtres équivariants. Les conditions d'observabilité uniforme sont clairement identifiées et caractérisées, et les performances de l'observateur ont été évaluées à la fois sur des données simulées et réelles issues de vols expérimentaux. La troisième contribution se concentre sur l'implémentation pratique de cette solution de contrôle sur diverses configurations de drones convertibles, en tenant compte des exigences spécifiques des moteurs et des surfaces de contrôle pour chaque régime de vol. Les avancées théoriques sont validées par des simulations et des tests en vol, visant à obtenir des performances robustes sur différentes plateformes, y compris dans des conditions difficiles, comme les vents forts. Des expérimentations menées sur deux types de drones — l'un à rotors inclinables et l'autre à moteurs fixes — démontrent l'efficacité de l'approche dans des conditions réellesThis thesis addresses the control of convertible aerial vehicles with vectorized thrust. It presents a unified control solution designed to operate effectively across various flight regimes, including hovering, cruise, and the critical transitions between these phases. The research delivers three significant contributions to the field of aerospace control systems. The first contribution expands the scope of the control solution to include low-speed flight, a domain where traditional control methods often fall short. This is achieved by devising a tailored strategy for hovering, coupled with a control policy that manages the transition phases between hovering and cruise flight. This ensures smooth and efficient transitions, which is critical for operational flexibility and safety in real-world applications. The second contribution involves the estimation of the air velocity, a vital parameter for maintaining effective control throughout all flight phases. The proposed observer not only estimates this velocity but also provides robust attitude estimation. It utilizes data from the Pitot tube, accelerometers, and gyroscopes. The approach combines the Riccati observer framework with the equivariant filter designs. The uniform observability conditions required for the well-conditioning of the proposed observer are identified and characterized. The observer's performance and effectiveness have been tested and validated using realistic simulated data and data from real-world flight experiments, demonstrating its practical applicability and robustness. The third contribution focuses on the practical implementation of the control system across various drone configurations to provide a comprehensive solution that enhances the operational capabilities of convertible vehicles with vectorized thrust. It carefully considers each flight regime's specific motor actuation and control surfaces' requirements. The theoretical developments are validated through extensive simulations and real-world flight tests to achieve a robust control scheme with high performance. These tests are conducted under various conditions, including challenging environments with strong winds. Flight experiments performed on two different drone platforms—one with tiltable rotors and another with fixed motors—showcase the versatility and efficiency of the proposed control approach in handling diverse real-world scenarios
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Phung, Duc Kien. „Conception, modélisation, et commande d'un mini-drone convertible“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066023/document.
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Cette thèse concerne les drones dits "convertibles", qui allient capacité au vol stationnaire et efficacité énergétique en vol de croisière. Les principales contributions de ce travail comportent trois volets. D'abord, nous concevons une nouvelle structure de drone en ajoutant de chaque côté d'un quadrirotor une aile qui peut pivoter autour d'un axe appartenant au plan des hélices. Notre prototype a de nombreux avantages par rapport aux structures convertibles existantes: conception mécanique simple car dérivée d'un quadrirotor classique, flexibilité pour le montage de différents composants (ailes, hélices), etc. Deuxièmement, nous proposons une modélisation énergétique de ce type de drone convertible, en tenant compte de ses caractéristiques par rapport aux hélicoptères avec pilote à bord (grande variation des forces aérodynamiques, dégradation des performances à faible nombre de Reynolds, etc.). Finalement, concernant la conception de la commande, les degrés de liberté des ailes permettent le découplage entre les orientations des hélices et celle des ailes. Cela augmente considérablement les possibilités de contrôle par rapport aux aéronefs traditionnels. S'appuyant sur cette caractéristique, plusieurs approches de contrôle sont proposées. En particulier, en utilisant une conception géométrique spécifique, nous montrons qu'un contrôle efficace peut être obtenu sans mesures de la vitesse air. Les résultats de simulation confortent cette stratégie de contrôle, même en présence de vent fort et variable. Afin de valider la théorie, un prototype mécanique du drone a été construit dans notre laboratoire et des essais en vol préliminaires ont été effectuésThere is a growing interest to design convertible aerial vehicles that can hover like helicopters and fly forward efficiently like airplanes. This thesis is devoted to the conception, modeling, and control of such a convertible mini-UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). The main contributions of this work are threefold. Firstly, we design a novel UAV structure by adding to each side of a quadrotor one wing that can rotate around an axis belonging to the propellers' plane. Our prototype has many advantages over existing convertible structures: simple mechanical concept since inspired by a classical quadrotor, flexibility for selecting different components (wings, propellers), flexibility for the control design, etc. Secondly, we provide an energy modeling of this type of convertible UAVs, taking into account their characteristics as compared to full-scale helicopters (large variation of aerodynamic forces, performance degradation at low Reynolds number, etc.). Finally, as for the control design, the degrees of freedom of the wings permit the decoupling between propellers and wings' orientations. This greatly enhances the control flexibility as compared to traditional aircraft. Relying on this feature, several control approaches are proposed. In particular, using a specific geometrical design, we show that an efficient control of our UAV can be obtained without air-velocity measurements. Simulation results confirm the soundness of our control design even in the presence of strong and varying wind. En route to validate the theory, a mechanical prototype of the UAV was constructed in our laboratory and preliminary flight tests were performed
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Olszanecki, Barth Jacson Miguel. „Model-free control algorithms for tail-sitter micro air vehicles“. Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESAE0011.
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Les micro drones à capacités de vol de transition, ou simplement HMAVs (de l’anglais Hybrid MicroAir Vehicles), regroupent les principales caractéristiques aérodynamiques des configurationsà voilure fixe, en termes d’endurance, avec les capacités de décollage et d’atterrissage verticaldes voilures tournantes afin d’effectuer cinq phases de vol au cours de ses missions, telles quele décollage vertical, le vol de transition, le vol en croisière, le vol stationnaire et l’atterrissagevertical. Cette nouvelle classe de micro drones a un domaine de vol plus large que les microdrones conventionnels, ce qui implique de nouveaux défis pour les automaticiens et les concepteursaérodynamiques. L’un des principaux défis des HMAVs est la variation rapide des forces etdes moments aérodynamiques pendant la phase de vol de transition, qui est difficile à modéliseret à contrôle avec précision. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur le développement delois de pilotage pour une classe spécifique des HMAVs, à savoir les tail-sitters.Afin de stabiliser la dynamique des tail-sitters et de surmonter leur problème de modélisation,nous proposons une architecture de contrôle de vol qui estime en temps réel leurs dynamiquesgrâce à un contrôleur à rétroaction intelligent. Le contrôleur de vol proposé est conçu pourstabiliser l’attitude du tail-sitter ainsi que sa vitesse, et sa position pendant toutes ses phasesde vol. En utilisant des algorithmes de la commande sans modèle, l’architecture de contrôle devol proposée contourne le besoin d’un modèle dynamique précis dont l’obtention est coûteuseet longue. Une série complète de simulations de vol couvrant l’ensemble du domaine de vol destail-sitters est présentée et, pour chaque phase de vol, son analyse respective.Avant d’introduire des expériences de vol réel, nous évaluons les performances et les limites del’architecture de commande sans modèle en simulation. Les essais en vol permettent de clarifier etde valider notre méthodologie de contrôle dans un contexte pratique, résolvant ainsi le principalproblème des tail-sitters, à savoir la formulation d’équations dynamiques précises pour concevoirles lois de commande. En outre, à partir d’algorithmes mathématiques simples, la commandesans modèle est facilement implémentée sur microprocesseurs sans nécessiter de coûts de calculélevés, tels que la fréquence de traitement et les ressources de mémoire. Les résultats obtenusfournissent un moyen simple de valider les principes méthodologiques présentés dans cette thèse,de certifier les paramètres obtenus lors de la conception de la commande sans modèle et d’établirune conclusion concernant ses avantages et ses inconvénients dans des contextes théoriques etpratiques liés aux systèmes aérospatiauxMicro Air Vehicle (MAV)s with transitioning flight capabilities, or simply Hybrid Micro Air Vehicle(HMAV)s combine the beneficial features of fixed-wing configurations in terms of endurance,with vertical take-off and landing capabilities of rotorcraft to perform five different flight phasesduring typical missions : vertical takeoff, transitioning flight, forward flight, hovering, and verticallanding. This promising MAV class has a wider flight envelope than conventional MAVs,which implies new challenges for both control community and aerodynamic designers. One ofthe major challenges of HMAVs is the fast variation of aerodynamic forces and moments duringthe transition flight phase, which is difficult to model and control accurately. In this thesis, wefocus on the development of control laws for a specific class of HMAVs, namely tail-sitters.In order to stabilize the HMAV and overcome its modeling problem, we propose a flightcontrol architecture that estimates in realtime its fast nonlinear dynamics with an intelligentfeedback controller. The proposed flight controller is designed to stabilize the HMAV attitude,velocity and position during all flight phases. By using Model-Free Control (MFC) algorithms,the proposed flight control architecture bypasses the need for a precise HMAV model that iscostly and time consuming to obtain. A comprehensive set of flight simulations covering theentire flight envelope of the HMAV is presented, with the respective analysis for each of theflight phases. Furthermore, the control performance and the limitations of the MFC architecture are discussedin order to introduce further applications in real flight experiments. Flight tests clarifyand validate the proposed control methodology in a practical context, thus solving the principalissue of HMAVs; that is, the formulation of accurate HMAV dynamic equations to designcontrol laws. In addition, from simple mathematical algorithms, MFC is easily implemented ona microprocessor without the need for high computational costs, such as time processing andmemory resources. The results obtained provide a straightforward way in which to validatethe methodological principles presented in this thesis, to certify the designed MFC parametersand to establish a conclusion regarding MFC advantages and disadvantages in theoretical andpractical contexts related to aerospace systems
Bücher zum Thema "Convertible vehicles"
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Harold, Haynes John, Hrsg. Chrysler Sebring, Dodge Stratus & Avenger automotive repair manual: Models covered, Chrysler Sebring convertible, coupe, and sedan (1995 through 2005), Dodge Stratus coupe and sedan (2001 through 2005), Dodge Avenger (1995 through 2000) ; does not include information specific to flexible fuel vehicles. Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 2006.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for New Convertible Tops for Motor Vehicles. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for New Convertible Tops for Motor Vehicles. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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Booker, M. Keith. Drawn to Television. Praeger, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400642425.
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Since late evening cartoons first aired in 1960, prime-time animated series have had a profound effect on American television and American culture at large. The characters and motifs from such shows asThe FlintstonesandThe Simpsonsare among the best-known images in world popular culture; and tellingly, even series that have not done well in prime time—series likeThe Jetsons, for instance—have yielded similarly iconic images. The advent of cable and several new channels devoted exclusively to animated programming have brought old series back to life in syndication, while also providing new markets for additional, often more experimental animated series. Even on the conventional networks, programs such asThe FlintstonesandThe Simpsons, not to mentionFamily GuyandKing of the Hill, have consistently shown a smartness and a satirical punch that goes well beyond the norm in network programming.Drawn to Televisiontraces the history of prime-time animation fromThe Flintstonesinitial extension of Saturday mornings toFamily GuyandSouth Park's late-night appeal in the 21st century. In the process, it sheds a surprising light on just how much the kid inside us all still has to say. Drawn to Televisiondescribes the content and style of all the major prime-time animated series, while also placing these series within their political and cultural contexts. It also tackles a number of important questions about animated programming, such as: how animated series differ from conventional series; why animated programming tends to be so effective as a vehicle for social and political satire; what makes animated characters so readily convertible into icons; and what the likely effects of new technologies (such as digital animation) will be on this genre in the future.
Buchteile zum Thema "Convertible vehicles"
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Garcia, Octavio, Juan Escareno und Victor Rosas. „Modeling and Control of a Convertible Plane UAV“. In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, 79–113. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118599938.ch5.
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Mustață, Dan-Marius, Ioana Ionel, Daniel Bisorca und Ramon-Mihai Balogh. „Roof up or Down: Exploring Particulate Matter and Noise Pollution Dynamics in Convertible Vehicles“. In Proceedings in Automotive Engineering, 161–69. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77631-1_14.
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Mishra, Rohit Kumar, Rishabh Rathore, Ritesh Kumar Jangid und Samrat. „Convertible Uni-Bike Based on Inverted Pendulum Model and Prototype Using Additive Manufacturing“. In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220786.
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This paper explores the methodology used to develop the miniature working concept (prototype) of a Uni-wheel Electric bike (E-bike) convertible to an E-bike where the Uni-wheel works on an inverse pendulum mechanism and the prototype model is manufactured using Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) filament-based additive manufacturing using a Fused Deposition Modelling based 3D printer. Uni-bike, which can be converted into a normal bike as per the convenience of the rider. Because of the growing awareness of pollution and the energy scarcity situation, vehicles and motorbikes are no longer the ideal modes of mobility. As the cost of petroleum products rises, a more cost-effective and efficient form of transportation is required. This miniature prototype might be utilized to create a human-ridable model in the future.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Convertible vehicles"
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Morin, P. „Modeling and control of convertible Micro Air Vehicles“. In 2015 10th International Workshop on Robot Motion and Control (RoMoCo). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/romoco.2015.7219734.
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Phung, Kien D., und Pascal Morin. „An Approach for Modeling, Design, and Energy Evaluation of Small Convertible Aerial Vehicles“. In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2084.
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Javier, Francisco, Sergio Roncero und Marta Reyes. „Aerodynamics and Propulsive Modeling of a Bi-Rotor Convertible Aircraft for the Identification of Trim Conditions in Longitudinal Flight“. In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16872.
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Increasing attention is being paid recently to eVTOL (electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing) vehicles for different applications, such as Search and Rescue. Convertible aircraft such as tilt-rotors seem to be one of the most promising concepts. The dynamics modeling and simulation of these vehicles is very challenging due to their wide flight envelope (from hovering to horizontal flight) and to the reduced amount of available data. This paper presents a model for the dynamics of a Bi-Rotor Convertible Aircraft, the ProVANT-EMERGENTIa, with a general formulation of the forces and moments acting over it. The equations are simplified to determine longitudinal flight trim conditions using wind tunnel identified aerodynamic and propulsive models. Trimmable flight envelope maps were successfully calculated considering the aircraft state variables (flight path angle, airspeed, and angle of attack) and the longitudinal control inputs (control surfaces deflection, propeller orientation, and throttle lever position). The flight envelope was found to be limited either by the saturation of the control surfaces deflection when the pitch moments were too large, or by the throttle lever when the propeller air incidence angle was too low. The size and shape of the envelope was impacted by the flight path angle: more limited for climb conditions due to the excess of Thrust demanded and of the greater pitch moments involved; less restricted for descents because of the opposite reasons.
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Hoang, Emmanuel, Benjamin Gaussens, Michel Lecrivain und Mohamed Gabsi. „Proposal to increase the convertible power by an hybrid excitation flux switching synchronous machine associated with an voltage inverter. Application in hybrid or electric vehicle“. In 2015 Tenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ever.2015.7112954.
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Tajima, Takamitsu, Wataru Noguchi, Tomohisa Aruga, Hiroyuki Abe, Kouichi Sato, Hiroyuki Togami und Hiroka Shigi. „Dynamic Charge System Verified in Application under Various Road Conditions“. In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0705.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The electric vehicle (EV) is one means of realizing carbon neutrality for automobiles, but at present, EVs still faces a number of issues. The main issues include, for example, (1) cruising range, (2) installed battery capacity, (3) charging time, (4) infrastructure facilities, and (5) support for Heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Full electrification of heavy-duty trucks, in particular, requires high power output. This means that enormous installed battery capacity is necessary, and as a result, cruising range on a par with engine-driven vehicles cannot be readily achieved.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Therefore a dynamic charge system was devised here that would provide electric power to EVs directly from the infrastructure so that EVs could undergo intermittent charging while driving. This is a conductive charging system that operates from the side of the vehicle (roadside), and research has been underway on the application of this approach to passenger cars and race cars. Attention was further directed to resolving issues with freight vehicles, which account for most of the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the transportation sector. The system was applied to a heavy-duty truck (4×2 tractor, 45-ton class), which up to now had not been readily convertible to an EV, and the results were reported at WCX 2022.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The present report will describe further support for heavy-duty vehicles by expanded application to a 6×4 tractor (60-ton class). To support use under various road conditions, the equipment was installed in a curved portion and on uphill and downhill sections, and the report will present results from verification with actual vehicles during dynamic charging.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The results include the following: <ul class="list disc"><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The vehicle weight of the 6×4 tractor came out at 930 kg (about 10%) lighter than the diesel engine-powered truck that was the base vehicle.</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The minimum capacity of the batteries installed in the vehicle came out at 100 kWh, which is about 10% of that in an EV truck that charges while parked.</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The charging power was a maximum of 450 kW on the curved road portion, the uphill grade portion, and the downhill grade portion, and the viability of dynamic charging and its control was successfully verified at vehicle speeds from extremely low up to the legal limit of 80 km/h.</div></li></ul></div></div>
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Bell, Lauren, Steven Meyer und Brian Herbst. „Evaluation of Forward-Facing Child Safety Seat Harness Retainer Clip Position in 35 mph Frontal Barrier Crash Tests“. In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-88927.
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Abstract The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recommends that children ages 4 to 7 years old should travel in a forward-facing child safety seat (FFCSS) with a harness until reaching the maximum weight or height limit allowed by the car seat manufacturer. There are five types of FFCSS, including convertible, combination, all-in-one, forward-facing only, and integrated (built-in). In the United States, most of the harness systems in FFCSS also include a retainer clip or chest clip; this is a plastic clip that holds the harness shoulder straps together over the child’s chest. NHTSA, National Child Passenger Safety Board (NCPSB), and Safe Kids Worldwide recommend that with the child buckled and the straps tightened snugly, the harness retainer clip should be secured and then positioned at the child’s armpit level. According to NHTSA, the purpose of the clip is as a pre-crash positioner, holding the harness straps together for correct positioning in the event of a crash.[1] Analysis of child dummies placed in various types of FFCSSs and in various makes and models of vehicles during 35 mph New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) frontal crash tests were used to draw conclusions relative to how the child safety seat was loaded during the collision. Comparison of the position of the clip before, during, and after the crash test was assessed. This additional data was reviewed relative to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) Research Review’s Crash Protection for Child Passengers conclusion that “clips slide down the straps as the child presses forward or may break if sliding is restricted.”[2] Also, for a subset of the crash data collected, direct measurement of the clip displacement was measured. Analysis of this data was used to draw conclusions regarding how much clip movement is typical in a FFCSS when installed in the rear occupant positions of vehicles in a 35 mph frontal barrier crash test.
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Piatak, Michael A., Michael Y. Sheh, Song L. Young und James Y. Chen. „Using Nonlinear Finite Element Method in Convertible Crashworthiness Design“. In International Conference On Vehicle Structural Mechanics & Cae. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951077.
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Currle, Joachim, und Oliver Moos. „Numerical Analysis of the Flow Over Convertibles“. In 1995 Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1762.
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Ardayfio, David, Gordon Dembsey, Nick Kreucher und John Schmitt. „Integrated Design for Manufactura-bility in Convertible-Top Vehicle“. In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980749.
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Allenspach, Mike, und Guillaume J. J. Ducard. „Model Predictive Control of a Convertible Tiltrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle“. In 2020 28th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med48518.2020.9183353.
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