Dissertationen zum Thema „Contrôle à champ moyen“
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Hadikhanloo, Saeed. „Apprentissage dans les jeux à champ moyen“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMean Field Games (MFG) are a class of differential games in which each agent is infinitesimal and interacts with a huge population of other agents. In this thesis, we raise the question of the actual formation of the MFG equilibrium. Indeed, the game being quite involved, it is unrealistic to assume that the agents can compute the equilibrium configuration. This seems to indicate that, if the equilibrium configuration arises, it is because the agents have learned how to play the game. Hence the main question is to find learning procedures in mean field games and investigating if they converge to an equilibrium. We have inspired from the learning schemes in static games and tried to apply them to our dynamical model of MFG. We especially focus on fictitious play and online mirror descent applications on different types of mean field games; those are either Potential, Monotone or Discrete
Vasileiadis, Athanasios. „Apprentissage par renforcement à champ moyen : une perspective de contrôle optimal“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of the PhD will be to implement a similar mean field approach to handle MARL. This idea was investigated, at least for individual agents, in several recent papers. In all of them, not only Mean field approach to MARL (Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning) does the mean field approach allow for a significant decrease of complexity, but it also provides distributed (or decentralized) solutions, which are of a very convenient use in practice. Numerical implementation using either on-or off-policy learning is discussed in the literature. The first part of the thesis will consist in revisiting the former works from a mathematical point of view. In particular, this will ask for a careful stability analysis addressing both the passage from a finite to an infinite system of agents and the use of approximated (instead of exact) policies. We may expect monotonicity to play a key role in the overall analysis; another, but more prospective, direction is to discuss the influence of a stochastic environment onto the behavior of the algorithms themselves. Another part of the thesis will be dedicated to the cooperative case the analysis of which will rely upon mean field control theory. Potential structures may allow to make the connection between individual and cooperative cases. The connection between the two may indeed play an important role for incentive design or, equivalently, for mimicking a cooperative system with individual agents. In this regard, connection with distributional reinforcement learning, may be an interesting question as well
Hu, Kaitong. „Jeux différentiels stochastiques non-Markoviens etdynamiques de Langevin à champ-moyen“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo independent subjects are studied in this thesis, the first of which consists of two distinct problems.In the first part, we begin with the Principal-Agent problem in degenerate systems, which appear naturally in partially observed random environment in which the Agent and the Principal can only observe one part of the system. Our approach is based on the stochastic maximum principle, the goal of which is to extend the existing results using dynamic programming principle to the degenerate case. We first solve the Principal's problem in an enlarged set of contracts given by the first order condition of the Agent's problem in form of a path-dependent forward-backward stochastic differential equation (abbreviated FBSDE). Afterward, we use the sufficient condition of the Agent's problem to verify that the previously obtained optimal contract is indeed implementable. Meanwhile, a parallel study is devoted to the wellposedness of path-dependent FBSDEs in the chapter IV. We generalize the decoupling field method to the case where the coefficients of the equations can depend on the whole path of the forward process and show the stability property of this type of FBSDEs. Finally, we study the Principal-Agent problem with multiple Principals. The Agent can only work for one Principal at a time and therefore needs to solve an optimal switching problem. By using randomization, we show that the value function of the Agent's problem and his optimal control are given by an Itô process. This representation allows us to solve the Principal's problem in the mean-field case when there is an infinite number of Principals. We justify the mean-field formulation using an argument of backward propagation of chaos.The second part of the thesis consists of chapter V and VI. The motivation of this work is to give a rigorous theoretical underpinning for the convergence of gradient-descent type of algorithms frequently used in non-convex optimization problems like calibrating a deep neural network.For one-layer neural networks, the key insight is to convexify the problem by lifting it to the measure space. We show that the corresponding energy function has a unique minimiser which can be characterized by some first order condition using derivatives in measure space. We present a probabilistic analysis of the long-time behavior of the mean-field Langevin dynamics, which have a gradient flow structure in 2-Wasserstein metric. By using a generalization of LaSalle's invariance principle, we show that the flow of marginal laws induced by the mean-field Langevin dynamics converges to the stationary distribution, which is exactly the minimiser of the energy function.As for deep neural networks, we model them as some continuous-time optimal control problems. Firstly, we find the first order condition by using Pontryagin maximum principle, which later helps us find the associated mean-field Langevin system, the invariant measure of which is again the minimiser of the optimal control problem. As last, by using the reflection coupling, we show that the marginal distribution of the mean-field Langevin system converges to the unique invariant measure exponentially
Dao, Manh-Khang. „Équation de Hamilton-Jacobi et jeux à champ moyen sur les réseaux“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S042/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dissertation focuses on the study of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations associated with optimal control problems and mean field games problems in the case when the state space is a network. Different dynamics and running costs are allowed in each edge of the network. In the first part of this thesis, we consider an optimal control on networks in the spirit of the works of Achdou, Camilli, Cutrì & Tchou (2013) and Imbert, Monneau & Zidani (2013). The main new feature is that there are entry (or exit) costs at the edges of the network leading to a possible discontinuous value function. The value function is characterized as the unique viscosity solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation for which an adequate junction condition is established. The uniqueness is a consequence of a comparison principle for which we give two different proofs. One uses some arguments from the theory of optimal control and is inspired by Achdou, Oudet & Tchou (2015). The other one is based on partial differential equations techniques and is inspired by a recent work of Lions & Souganidis (2017). The second part is about stochastic mean field games for which the state space is a network. In the ergodic case, they are described by a system coupling a Hamilton- Jacobi-Bellman equation and a Fokker-Planck equation, whose unknowns are the density m of the invariant measure which represents the distribution of the players, the value function v which comes from an "average" optimal control problem and the ergodic constant ρ. The function v is continuous and satisfies general Kirchhoff conditions at the vertices. The density m satisfies dual transmission conditions. In particular, due to the generality of Kirchhoff’s conditions, m is in general discontinuous at the vertices. Existence and uniqueness are proven for subquadratic Hamiltonian and very general assumptions about the coupling term. Finally, in the last part, we study non-stationary stochastic mean field games on networks. The transition conditions for value function v and the density m are similar to the ones given in second part. Here again, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution for sublinear Hamiltonian and bounded non-local regularizing coupling term. The main additional difficulty compared to the stationary case, which imposes us more restrictive hypotheses, is to establish the regularity of the solutions of the system placed on a network. Our approach is to study the solution of the derived Hamilton-Jacobi equation to gain regularity over the initial equation
Bodrero, Alain. „Contrôle d'un champ acoustique à l'intérieur d'une cavité par des moyens passifs en régime harmonique“. Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMériaux, François. „Théorie des jeux et apprentissage pour les réseaux sans fil distribués“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrangereau, Maxime. „Contrôle optimal de flexibilités énergétiques en contexte incertain“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAX010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this PhD dissertation, we use tools from stochastic optimal control, stochastic optimization and convex optimization to design mechanisms to control energy storage systems, to deal with the challenges created by the uncertain production of intermittent energy sources. First, we introduce a commitment mechanism where an individual consumer chooses a consumption profile, then controls its storage devices to track in real-time this profile. We formulate a Mean-Field Control problem to model this situation, for which we establish theoretic and numerical results. Second, we introduce a control problem for a large population of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) subject to a common noise and providing ancillary services to the grid. We show that the centralized control problem can be replaced by a stochastic Stackelberg differential game with minimal information-sharing. This allows for a decentralized control scheme with performance guarantees, while preserving privacy of consumers and limiting telecommunication requirements. We then develop a Newton method for stochastic control problems. We show that the computation of the Newton step reduces to solving Backward Stochastic Differential Equations, then we design an appropriate line-search procedure and prove global convergence of the Newton method with line-search in an appropriate space. Its performance is illustrated on a problem of control of a large number of batteries providing services to the grid. Last, a multi-stage stochastic Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow problem is formulated in order to control a power network equipped with energy storage systems. A priori conditions ensuring a vanishing relaxation gap are derived and an easily computable a posteriori bound on the relaxation gap of the problem is given. Using Shapley-Folkman-type results, a priori bounds on the duality gap of non-convex multi-stage stochastic problems with a generic structure are derived
Lachapelle, Aimé. „Quelques problèmes de transport et de contrôle en économie : aspects théoriques et numériques“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512404.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCapuani, Rossana. „Mean Field Games with State Constraints“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this Thesis is to study deterministic mean field games with state constraints. Mean field games (MFG) is a recent theory invented by Lasry and Lions which studies optimization problems with large populations of agents in a dynamical framework. The mathematical analysis of such problems has so far focused on situations where the agents can evolve in the whole space. In practice, however, the agents often have constraints on their state. The aim of this Thesis is to understand the consequence of such constraints on the analysis of mean field games. We first show that the Nash MFG equilibria can be described as fixed points on the space of measures on constrained trajectories (generalized MFG equilibria). In order to obtain more precise results on these equilibria, we show a smooth optimality principle for the optimal trajectories of control problem with state constraints. We derive from this that the generalized equilibria satisfy a MFG system in which the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and the continuity equation have to be understand in a specific sense
Mezerdi, Mohamed Amine. „Equations différentielles stochastiques de type McKean-Vlasov et leur contrôle optimal“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe consider Mc Kean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which are SDEs where the drift and diffusion coefficients depend not only on the state of the unknown process but also on its probability distribution. These SDEs called also mean- field SDEs were first studied in statistical physics and represent in some sense the average behavior of an infinite number of particles. Recently there has been a renewed interest for this kind of equations in the context of mean-field game theory. Since the pioneering papers by P.L. Lions and J.M. Lasry, mean-field games and mean-field control theory has raised a lot of interest, motivated by applications to various fields such as game theory, mathematical finance, communications networks and management of oil resources. In this thesis, we studied questions of stability with respect to initial data, coefficients and driving processes of Mc Kean-Vlasov equations. Generic properties for this type of SDEs, such as existence and uniqueness, stability with respect to parameters, have been investigated. In control theory, our attention were focused on existence, approximation of relaxed controls for controlled Mc Kean-Vlasov SDEs
Masoero, Marco. „On the long time behavior of potential MFG“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to shed some light on the long time behavior of potential Mean Field Games (MFG), regardless of the convexity of the minimization problem associated. For finite dimensional Hamiltonian systems, problems of the same nature have been addressed through the so-called weak KAM theory. We transpose many results of this theory in the infinite dimensional context of potential MFG. First, we characterize through an ergodic approximation the limit value associated to time dependent MFG systems. We provide explicit examples where this value is strictly greater than the energy level of stationary solutions of the ergodic MFG system. This implies that optimal trajectories of time dependent MFG systems cannot converge to stationary configurations. Then, we prove the convergence of the minimization problem associated to time dependent MFGs to a solution of the critical Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the space of probability measures. In addition, we show a mean field limit for the ergodic constant associated with the corresponding finite dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In the last part we characterize the limit of the infinite horizon discounted minimization problem that we use for the ergodic approximation in the first part of the manuscript
Hermann, Geoffroy. „Quelques équations de champ moyen en neuroscience“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850271.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTriay, Arnaud. „Limites de champ moyen en mécanique quantique“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the derivation and the study of several non-linear models in quantum mechanics. These models describe systems consisting of a large number of particles in the mean-field approximation. In the first part we study the validity of the some effective models describing a gas of dipolar bosons. We demonstrate that the ground state and ground state energy, as well as the time evolution, of a Bose-Einstein condensate are correctly described by the Gross-Pitaevskii theory at first order. For the dynamics, we also show that the second order is given by Bogoliubov's theory. Moreover, we also study the modified Gross-Pitaevskii functional including a quintic term accounting for the Lee-Huang-Yan corrections. The second part is devoted to the study of large fermionic systems. We first analyse the free energy of a fermionic gas at positive temperature in the semi-classical limit and we show that the latter and the approximate Gibbs states are given by Vlasov's theory at positive temperature. In a second time, we study the energy of heavy atoms in the non-relativistic limit where we compute the second term of its expansion, the Scott correction, for the Dirac-Fock model
Coron, Jean-Luc. „Quelques exemples de jeux à champ moyen“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe mean field game theory was introduced in 2006 by Jean-Michel Lasry and Pierre-Louis Lions. It allows us to study the game theory in some situations where the number of players is too high to be able to be solved in practice. We will study the mean field game theory on graphs by learning from the studies of Oliver Guéant which we will extend to more generalized forms of Hilbertian. We will also study the links between the K-means and the mean field game theory. In principle, this will offer us new algorithms for solving the K-means thanks to the techniques of numerical resolutions of the mean field games. Findly, we will study a mean field game called the "starting time of a meeting". We will extend it to situations where the players can choose between two meetings. We will study analytically and numerically the existence and multiplicity of the solutions to this problem
Schunck, Nicolas. „Champ Moyen Nucléaire dans le formalisme de Dirac“. Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001557.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGouriou, Clément. „Contrôle d'écoulement interne au moyen d'actionneur ElectroHydroDynamique“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2308/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents results of research on flow control in a dielectric liquid. The aim is to demonstrate our ability to control flow by means of ElectroHydroDynamic actuation. The first part of this PhD thesis is dedicated to a general overview of flow control and the methods available for measuring fluid velocity. The PIV method is selected to charaterize the flow of a charged plume. However, the presence of a high electric field in the dielectric liquid might bring into question the validity of using PIV, which is based on the fact that tracers accurately follow fluid movement. Theoretical and experimental studies were performed to find the proper conditions for using an ideal tracer that guarantees the accuracy of velocity measurements. This part enables us to choose the best seeding particle in silicone oil. The second part of this work is devoted to the study of flow control on a NACA0015 wing profile at ultra-low Reynolds numbers (Re < 5000). A bibliographic study presents strategies of flow control around wing profiles and in addition deals with different EHD actuators for dielectric liquids. Mean velocity fields and unsteady velocity fields of baseline flow are characterized and compared to controlled flow. The calculation of force based on the conservation of momentum (Navier-Stokes equations) enables us to estimate the hydrodynamic stresses applied by the fluid to the immersed profile. Lift and drag polarities are obtained to quantify the efficiency of the EHD actuator. Finally, the mechanisms of control are clarified and highlight the potential and limits of the EHD actuator for flow control applications
Sok, Jérémy. „Etude d'un modèle de champ moyen en électrodynamique quantique“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharlebois, Maxime. „Théorie de champ moyen dynamique pour les systèmes inhomogènes“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26553.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCluster dynamical mean-field theory (CDMFT) is a systematic method to study the behaviour of electrons in a crystal while taking into account the screened Coulomb interaction between electrons and the effective short-range exchange interactions. In order to correctly simulate the effect of an infinite lattice, this method relies on periodic boundary conditions, which is only valid when translational invariance is preserved. When translational invariance is not preserved, this constraint must be relaxed. We present here two methods that can be used along with CDMFT to simulate inhomogeneous systems with electron-electron interactions. The first method is the dynamical layer theory (DLT). It can correctly simulate interfaces of strongly correlated layered material like the cuprates. We apply this method to a p-n junction of doped Mott insulators and we find a Mott depletion layer near the interface caused by charge redistribution. The second method is inhomogeneous CDMFT (I-CDMFT). In this method, we tile different clusters that are small enough to be solved by exact diagonalization in order to simulate larger systems. We apply this method to the magnetism that appears around a non-magnetic impurity in graphene. We find a local antiferromagnetism with a total spin of 1/2 when the impurity potential is strong.
Ratiéville, Matthieu. „Prévisions de champ moyen détaillées sur des systèmes désordonnés“. Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066280.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDogguy, Habib. „Applications de la théorie des jeux à champ moyen“. Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we study the application of Mean Field Game Theory in economics. This new branch of game theory is devoted to the study of systems involving a large number of interacting agents using the notion of mean field from Statistical Physics. This method reduces greatly the complexity of interactions. The first model is devoted to the study of Software market and shows that tolerance of piracy can be an effective strategy in order to limit the diffusion of free softwares. The second model is a static mean field game and addresses the problem of parking in cities by intro ducing heterogeneity among agents. This allows us to evaluate public policies. The third model analysis, in a dynamic setting, theconsequences of the choice of young researchers on the dynamics of science
Bertucci, Charles. „Contributions à la théorie des jeux à champ moyen“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is concerned with new models of mean field games. First, we study models of optimal stopping and impulse control in the case when there is no common noise. We build an appropriate notion of solutions for those models. We prove the existence and the uniqueness of such solutions under natural assumptions. Then, we are interested with several properties of mean field games. We study the limit of such models when the anticipation of the players vanishes. We show that uniqueness holds for strongly coupled mean field games (coupled via strategies) under certain assumptions. We then prove some regularity results for the master equation in a discrete state space case with common noise. We continue by giving a generalization of Uzawa’s algorithm and we apply it to solve numerically some mean field games, especially optimal stopping and impulse control problems. The last chapter presents an application of mean field games. This application originates from problems in telecommunications which involve a huge number of connected devices
Laguzet, Laetitia. „Modélisation mathématique et numérique des comportements sociaux en milieu incertain. Application à l'épidémiologie“. Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis propose a mathematical analysis of the vaccination strategies.The first part introduces the mathematical framework, in particular the Susceptible – Infected – Recovered compartmental model.The second part introduces the optimal control tools used to find an optimal vaccination strategy from the societal point of view, which is a minimizer of the societal cost. We show that the associated value function can have a less regularity than what was assumed in the literature. These results are then applied to the vaccination against the whooping cough.The third part defines a model where the cost is defined at the level of the individual. We rephrase this problem as a Nash equilibrium and compare this results with the societal strategy. An application to the Influenza A(H1N1) 2009-10 indicates the presence of inhomogeneous perceptions concerning the vaccination risks.The fourth and last part proposes a direct numerical implementation of the different strategies
Tu, Wei-Lin. „Théorie de champ moyen renormalisée appliquée aux matériaux quantiques avancés“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30161/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is aiming in utilizing the strongly correlated t-J Hamiltonian for better understanding the microscopic pictures of certain condensed matter scenario. One of the long existing issues in the Hubbard model and its extreme version, t-J model, lies in the fact that there is not an analytical way of solving them. Therefore, when dealing with these models, numerical approaches become very crucial. In this thesis, we will present one of the methods called renormalized mean-field theory (RMFT) and exploit it upon the t-J model. Thanks to the concept proposed by Gutzwiller, all we have to do is to try to include the correlation of electrons, which is mainly the most difficult part, with several renormalization factors. After obtaining the correct form of these factors, we can apply the routine mean-field theory in solving for the Hamiltonian, which is the principle methodology throughout this thesis. Next, the physical systems that we are interested in consist of two parts. The mystery of High-Tc superconductivity comes first. After 30 years of its discovery, people still cannot settle down a complete microscopic theory in describing this exotic phenomenon. However, with more and more experimental equipment with higher accuracy nowadays, lots of behavior of copperoxide superconductor (also known as cuprate) have been revealed. Those discoveries can definitely help us better understand its microscopic mechanism. Therefore, from the theoretical side, to compare the calculated data with experiments leads us to know whether our theory is on the right track or not. We have produced tons of data and made a decent comparison which will be shown in the main text. The second system we are curious about is the mechanism of electrons under magnetic field. The Hofstadter butterfly along with its Hamiltonian, the Harper-Hofstadter model has achieved great success in describing free electrons' movement with lattice present. Thus, it will be also interesting to ask the question: what will happen if the electrons are correlated. Our RMFT for t-J Hamiltonian, by adding an additional phase in the hopping term, happens to serve as a great preliminary model for answering this question. We will compare the results of ours with our collaborators, who solved this model by a different approach, the exact diagonalization(ED). Together with our calculations, we proposed several discoveries which might be realized by the cold atom experiments in the future
Cottier, Florent. „Interaction lumière-atomes : approche de champ moyen et fluctuations d’intensité“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we investigate the coherent scattering of light propagating in a random medium. We are interested in phenomena like the super- and subradiance and Anderson localization that are related to waves interferences and spatial disorder. However, the fundamental difference between subradiance and Anderson localization still needs to be clarified. This thesis gives new elements for the understanding of these phenomena and we present a new method to observe Anderson localization. A mean-field model that does not contain disorder is developed, and we show that super- and subradiance do not require disorder whereas Anderson localization does. In this theoretical work, the coupling between the light and many atoms is reduced to a coupling matrix between the atoms by tracing over the degrees of freedom of the light, which results in a linear problem for the atomic dipoles. The study of the eigenvalues and eigenmodes of this matrix then allows to determine the super- and subradiant modes, and to probe the Anderson localization phase transition with a scaling analysis. Furthermore, the link to the experiment is realized by showing that the intensity fluctuations present an increase at the localization transition. The system is studied in the steady-state regime when the medium is continuously charged by a laser until reaches a stationary regime, and the decay dynamics, when the laser is switched off, so the cloud releases the energy stored. Finally, we present a preliminary work that shows that the diagonal disorder might be a good strategy to reach Anderson localization
Charron, Eric. „Contrôle cohérent de la photodissociation en champ laser intense“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePiraux, Joël͏. „Application des méthodes actives au contrôle d'un champ acoustique“. Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaoli, Josiane. „Contrôle optimal du champ rétrodiffusé et optimisation sous contraintes“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0012.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle"In this thesis, the optimal command theory of J. L. Lions is applieds to observability, the object being to reduce the radar signature. A computer program has been developed to both resolve the problem of optimal control, and optimise, under constraints, this radar signature. The scattered wave is minimised using a control acting on a part of the boundary of the concerned object. A natural function to minimize is the radiation in a solid angle modulated by a cost function. The physical modelling of an electromagnetic problem and the management of scattering are described. A mathematical analysis of the Helmholtz equation is then discussed. The problems of control and observation are considered first in an external domain, and subsequently in a domain bounded on its external frontier by an absorbance limit condition. An equivalent of a radiation diagram is defined in thise bounded domain. First, the possibility of an exact control is considered. Then, an approximated control is constructed. Finally, an optimal control is studied. The subsequent section focuses on resolving the Helmholtz 2D equation using a finite element method. The convergence of the discrete solution is shown and an estimation of the error is provided. The algorithms of the given solution are discribed before moving to the application and illustrations. Then, the emphasis is placed on the numerical analysis of the optimal control problems. The first step is to define this problem and subsequently to describe the algorithm used for the optimal control. This description is, in fact, composed of the two methods used for the resolution. Finally, the numerical results are presented. Based on those results, the effects of the different input parameters are analysed. The robustness of the control is then studied based on the frequency and incidence angle. The problem of minimisation under constraints is resolved with the aid of an existing optimisation using the internal point method (IPA)"
Peyrard, Nathalie. „Approximations de type champ moyen des modèles de champ de Markov pour la segmentation de données spatiales“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10179.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBurdin, Sébastien. „Théories de champ moyen pour les systèmes d'électrons à fortes corrélations“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711167.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchreiber, Georg R. „Systèmes désordonnés et frustrés: modèles champ moyen et problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00000825.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLejeune, Olivier. „Une théorie champ moyen de l'organisation spatio-temporelle des écosystèmes végétaux“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211884.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenarous, Mohamed. „Extensions variationnelles de la méthode du champ moyen dépendant du temps“. Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUsing the Balian-Vénéroni variational principle, we propose two consistent extensions of the time-dependent mean-field theory for many-boson systems. A first approximation, devised to take into account the effect of correlations, is obtained by means of a development of the optimal density operator suggested by the maximum entropy principle around a gaussian operator. We discuss the relevance of the evolution equations and their possible generalizations. We present an application to a one-dimensional example. In a second type of approximation, to optimize the prediction of characteristic functions of one-body observables and of transition probabilities, we select for both, the variational observable and the density matrix, the class of exponential operators of quadratic forms. We obtain coupled evolution equations of an unusual kind called "two-point boundary value problem". To solve them, we construct a suitable numerical algorithm. A test of the method is presented on two examples in one dimension. In a first case, we study the collision of a particle against a gaussian barrier. The method improves significantly mean-field predictions relative to reflexion and transmission ratios. The study of the motion of a particle in a quartic well reveals the existence of several different solutions for the transition probabilities predicted by the Balian-Veneroni method
Ilmane, Amine. „Développements autour de la méthode d'interactions de configurations en champ moyen“. Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4115/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis we developed new theoretical tools for molecular rovibrational spectra for a better description of the excited vibrational states and movements with large amplitudes using mean field configuration interaction method. First, we discussed the choice of modal basis and different trade-off to overcome the possible shortcomings of potential energy surfaces. In this context we have also developed selection criteria to improve the quality of rovibrational wave functions. These approaches have been successfully applied to the methane molecule (CH4). Secondly, we have implemented a formal algorithm for calculating the kinetic energy operators in arbitrary coordinates that allows the derivation of exact expressions and their Taylor and Fourier series, using, in a very efficient way, the capabilities of the software MATHEMATICA which yield to the derivation of rovibrational Hamiltonians in valence coordinated. Finally, we have generalized the mean-field configuration interaction method by adding perturbatively a second order effective field. We applied this generalization to the hydrogen peroxide molecule (HOOH), which has shown an improvement for both energy levels and the associated wave functions, when dealing with groups of degrees of freedom that are energetically well separated
Rouffort, Clément. „Théorie de champ-moyen et dynamique des systèmes quantiques sur réseau“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is dedicated to the mathematical study of the mean-field approximation of Bose gases. In quantum physics such approximation is regarded as the primary approach explaining the collective behavior appearing in large quantum systems and reflecting fundamental phenomena as the Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity. In this thesis, the accuracy of the mean-field approximation is proved in full generality as a consequence only of scaling and symmetry principles. Essentially all the known results in the subject are recovered and new ones are proved specifically for quantum lattice systems including the Bose-Hubbard model. On the other hand, our study sets a bridge between the Gross-Pitaevskii and Hartree hierarchies related to the BBGKY method of statistical physics with certain transport or Liouville's equations in infinite dimensional spaces. As an outcome, the uniqueness property for these hierarchies is proved in full generality using only generic features of some related initial value problems. Again, several new well-posedness results as well as a counterexample to uniqueness for the Gross-Pitaevskii hierarchy equation are proved. The originality in our works lies in the use of Liouville's equations and powerful transport techniques extended to infinite dimensional functional spaces together with Wigner probability measures and a second quantization approach. Our contributions can be regarded as the culmination of the ideas initiated by Z. Ammari, F. Nier and Q. Liard in the mean-field theory
SCHREIBER, GEORG RUDOLF. „Systemes desordonnes et frustres : modeles champ moyen et problemes d'optimisation combinatoire“. Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112442.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLong, Wenhui. „Relativistic Hartree-Fock approach with density-dependent meson-nucleon couplings“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work of this thesis deals with the determination of new effective interactions aiming at a microscopic, quantitative description of stable and unstable nuclei, within a relativistic framework. In the first part, one adopts the relativistic mean field (RMF) approach. Three new interactions are proposed, PKDD with density-dependent meson-nucleon couplings, PK1 and PK1R with non-linear mesonic self-energies. The predicted results in nuclear matter are comparable with those obtained with existing effective interactions like TM1 or NL3. However, the baryonic saturation density has more reasonable values, and hence the calculated charge radii are better described. Results for two-neutron separation energies and neutron skin thickness in isotopic chains allow for reasonable extrapolations towards halo nuclei. In the second part of this work, one examines the relativistic Hartree-Fock approach with density-dependant meson-nucleon coupling constants (DDRHF). Three new interactions are proposed, RHF1, RHF2 and RHF3. The general results in nuclear matter are similar to those of the RMF approach, but it is interesting to see that the predicted neutron and proton effective masses in asymmetric nuclear matter have now the correct behaviour while this was not the case with the RMF approach. The description of finite nuclei is quite good, with a clear improvement over RMF in the isospin dependence of nuclear masses
Reynier, Julien. „Modélisation mathématique et simulation de TCP par des méthodes de champ moyen“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBolley, François. „Applications du transport optimal à des problèmes de limites de champ moyen“. Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans ce cadre nous étudions l'approximation des équations de transport de Vlasov et d'Euler par des systèmes de particules déterministes en interaction. Le problème de la convergence de la méthode se ramène à un problème de stabilité de solutions que nous traitons par des propriétés de type contraction pour des distances (de Wasserstein) liées à la théorie du transport optimal de mesures. Nous établissons aussi une propriété analogue de contraction pour des lois de conservation scalaires.
Nous étudions également l'approximation d'équations de diffusion de McKean-Vlasov par des systèmes de particules stochastiques. Nous en donnons l'erreur de manière quantitative à l'aide de techniques de couplage, d'estimations de propagation du chaos et d'inégalités de concentration ou de déviation.
De façon plus systématique nous nous intéressons à de telles inégalités de concentration pour des mesures de probabilité et à leurs relations avec des inégalités de transport (liant distances de Wasserstein et entropie) et de Sobolev logarithmiques. En particulier nous établissons de telles inégalités pour certaines classes de lois de variables dépendantes.
Fernandez, Montero Alejandro. „Champ moyen local et transport de l’énergie dans des systèmes hors équilibre“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChains of oscillator systems enable to model microscopically a solid, in order to study energy transport and prove Fourier’s law. In this thesis, we introduce two new models of chains of oscillators with local mean field mechanical interaction and stochastic collisions that preserve the system’s total energy. The first model is a model with stochastic velocity exchanges of Kac type. The second one is a model with random flips of velocities, where the sign of the particles’ velocities is changed at random times.As we consider local mean field models, particles are not indistinguishable, and the conservative stochastic exchanges in our first model are an additional difficulty for the proof of a Vlasov limit. We first derive a quantitative mean field limit, that we then use to prove that energy evolves diffusively at a given timescale for the model with long-range exchanges and for a restricted class of anharmonic potentials. At the same timescale, we also prove that there is no evolution of energy for the model with flips of velocities.For harmonic interactions, we then compute thermal conductivity via Green-Kubo formula for both models, to highlight that the timescale at which energy evolves for the model with velocity flips is longer and therefore that the mechanisms at play for energy transport are different
Goulley, Bruno. „Caracterisation des fibres optiques monomodes au moyen des fonctions d'autocorrelation du champ“. Limoges, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIMO0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrashorras, José. „Étude des propriétés de grandes déviations de différents modèles de champ moyen“. Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077153.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoulley, Bruno. „Caractérisation des fibres optiques monomodes au moyen des fonctions d'autocorrélation du champ“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613888r.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBolley, François Villani Cédric. „Applications du transport optimal à des problèmes de limites de champ moyen“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/tel-00011462.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaire, Ludovic. „Modélisation 3D en champ complet et champ moyen de la recristallisation dynamique et post-dynamique – Application à l’acier 304L“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM057/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFinal properties of metal alloys are directly related to their microstructure, inherited from the processing route. Dynamic (DRX) and post-dynamic recrystallization (PDRX) mechanisms play a primordial role in microstructure evolutions occurring during and after hot-deformation. Within this context, predicting microstructures depending on the applied thermomechanical conditions is a major challenge for both industrials and researchers. This requires a good knowledge of recrystallization mechanisms and kinetics. Full field models are based on an explicit description of the microstructure of a metallic alloy, and its possible evolutions at a polycrystalline scale. These models are accurate compared to models operating at larger scales, but they generally lead to prohibitive numerical costs. On the other hand, mean field models are based on an implicit description of the microstructure, leading to considerably reduced numerical costs, but they are based on many assumptions, notably with regards to topology. The outcome of this PhD work is a new full field model of DRX/PDRX and grain growth, working in 3D as well as in 2D, and a new DRX/PDRX mean field approach which better accounts for topological effects, and provides better predictions for grain size distributions. This work also includes a calibration procedure and a validation of these two new models, using experimental data obtained from compression tests performed on the 304L austenitic steel
Nguyen, Valérie. „Radiographie numérique grand champ haute résolution pour le contrôle non destructif“. Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePamiès, Mathieu. „Contrôle d'une couche limite turbulente au moyen d'un micro-sytème distribué“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10081/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rising cost of oil leads most of transportation firms to work towards reducing the fuel consumption of their vehicles. ln aeronautical applications, they mainly focus on viscous drag reduction. which gives hope to considerable power savings. The approach followed in the present work aims at manipulating the turbulent features responsible for the friction force. Located in the turbulent part of boundary layers. they consist in coherent vortices. whose characteristic time and space scales are costly to reach experimentally and numerically. This work postulates that only a high level of realism could help to predict accurately the performance of coherent vortices-based drag control methods. It is therefore taken into account at three stages of the design of our flow control simulation. which are the choice of the Reynolds number, the control algorithm and the actuating system. First of all, the simulation of high Reynolds number spatial boundary layers is often limited by computing capacities. Thanks to an optimization of existing inflow boundary conditions, current work helps to reduce CPU cost and widens the field of reachable flow conditions. Secondly, two improvements of the well-known oppositiol control have been proposed to allow its experimental adaptation. They are assessed using large-eddy simulation (LES) at a reasonable cost. Finally, a realistic MEMS is mode lied and used to manipulate the fine turbulent structures in the vicinity of the wall. Real influence on drag as well as precise interaction mechanisms are described using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Efficiency parameters are identified and possible ways of improvement are indicated
De', Medici Luca. „Aspects sélectifs en orbitales de la transition métal-isolant de Mott“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEttoumi, Wahb. „Dynamique hamiltonienne et phénomènes de relaxation: d'un modèle champ moyen au confinement magnétique“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925491.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleABADA, ABDELLATIF. „Construction perturbative des orbites periodiques des equations de champ moyen en physique nucleaire“. Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112228.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubray, Noël. „Paramétrisation universelle du champ moyen nucléaire et description des états de symétries exotiques“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR1A003.
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