Dissertationen: „Control (Psychology)“

1

Kennett, Jeanette. „Agency and responsibility : a common-sense moral psychology /“. Oxford [u.a.] : Clarendon Press, 2001. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0610/00060671-d.html.

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2

McDougall, Cynthia. „Anger control“. Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328471.

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3

Ryan, Anne E. „Victorian Fiction and the Psychology of Self-Control, 1855-1885“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1307669988.

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4

Mackenzie, Ian Grant. „Executive control : an electrophysiological investigation of control processes“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/407/.

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Everyday behaviour requires constant coordination and monitoring in order for our actions to be successful. Within cognitive science such coordination and monitoring of behaviour is termed ‘control’ and refers to a set of functions that serve to configure the mental system for performing specific acts. A system of cognitive control is thought to set high level goals and direct subordinate cognitive systems in order to accomplish those goals. This thesis utilises a cognitive electrophysiological approach to the study of executive control, addressing research questions concerning the mental processes that are modulated by executive control and the mechanisms underlying control-related processing adjustments. The first experimental chapter investigates the process of task switching. More specifically, how demanding is a proposed stage of endogenous task-set reconfiguration in terms of information processing? It was previously reported that the process of task-set reconfiguration constitutes a hard bottleneck delaying even the earliest processing stages (e.g. perceptual) (Oriet & Jolicoeur, 2003). Three experiments investigated this claim by manipulating stimulus contrast and RSI within an alternating runs task switching paradigm. Both RT results and measurements of P1 and N1 ERP component peak latency did not offer support to the claim that task-set reconfiguration delays perceptual processing. Experimental Chapters 3 and 4 used interference paradigms that are common within the study of executive control (e.g. Eriksen Flanker task and a Stroop task, respectively). Within such interference paradigms, separate stimulus dimensions (relevant and irrelevant) are manipulated, with RT being faster when both the relevant and irrelevant stimulus dimensions indicate the same response. This is termed the ‘congruency effect’ and is often attributed to a failure of selective attention, namely, an inability to ignore the irrelevant stimulus dimension. It has been demonstrated that such congruency effects are dependent upon task sequence with the effect being reduced (or absent) after an incongruent trial (Gratton et al., 1992). Such conflict adaptation effects are a popular measure of cognitive control processes. An influential model of cognitive control is the conflict monitoring model of Botvinick et al. (2001), with much evidence for this model being based on the conflict adaptation effect. Specifically, the model proposes that the ACC measures for the occurrence of response conflict within two response channels, and when detected, signals its occurrence to other brain regions (e.g. DLPFC) that are involved in implementing control. Such control may be implemented via a top-down biasing mechanisms of attention toward the task-relevant stimulus feature. Chapter 3 investigated the conflict adaptation effect within the Flanker task and examined, whether after the occurrence of conflict, attention is directed toward the task-relevant central target location. This was done by measuring P1 and N1 ERP component amplitudes. Although behavioural conflict adaptation effects were evident in overt behaviour, these were specific to response repetitions, consistent with a bottom-up priming account that excludes the necessity for a top-down control explanation (e.g. Mayr et al., 2003). In addition, P1 and N1 amplitude did not show any evidence of increased attentional focus toward the central target location after the occurrence of conflict. Chapter 4 investigated the conflict adaptation effect within a modified Stroop task, and again, examined whether after the detection of conflict, attention is directed toward the task relevant stimulus feature. This was done by measuring N170 amplitude - an ERP component proposed to index face processing - when a face stimulus served as the relevant and irrelevant stimulus dimension. Again, conflict adaptation effects were evident in overt behaviour, with this effect being driven by the occurrence of response conflict. Unlike the data from the Flanker task, the conflict adaptation effect within the Stroop task was specific to response alternations, and thus, a bottom-up priming account is not applicable in this instance. However, again the ERP results did not offer any evidence that the processing of the relevant stimulus dimension was enhanced after the occurrence of conflict. Implications of the present results are discussed in the context of executive control and in particular, in relation to models of task switching and models of conflict control.

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5

Stewart, Brandon D. „Bringing automatic stereotyping under control implementation intentions as efficient means of thought control /“. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189544075.

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6

Belding, Jennifer Nicole. „The Role of Elaboration in Self-Control“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429798886.

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7

Wakefield, Melanie. „Psychology in the public health arena : smoking control as an example /“. Title page, abstract and contents only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armw147.pdf.

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8

Kieffaber, Paul D. „Components of attentional control in schizophrenia“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?urlv_er=Z39.88-2004&rftv_alf_mt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&resd_at=xri:pqdiss&rftd_at=xri:pqdiss:3219890.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 3455. Adviser: William P. Hetrick. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 14, 2007)."

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9

Jiang, Huangqi. „FACTOR ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE CONTROL“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1562597562093455.

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10

Otto, Annette Michaela Cosima. „The economic psychology of adolescent saving“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/83873.

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The thesis addressed the saving behaviour of adolescents within the social context of the family, which has received little attention to date. The research regarded adolescent economic socialization and the development of saving behaviour as an integral part of general socialization and adolescent psychological development. The importance of saving was investigated relative to alternative ways for getting larger sums of money. Three large survey studies with adolescents and one survey study with adolescents and their parents were carried out. In Study 1, 470 students between the ages of 11 and 18 took part. The results of this study revealed that adolescents do think of saving as a means of accumulating larger sums of money. Studies 2 and 3 sampled 290 and 443 students between the ages of 11 and 17 and 13 to 14, respectively, providing empirical evidence of adolescents’ endeavour for independence, reflected by their saving motives as well as the changing of their attitudes towards saving as a skill. The thesis examined a number of significant predictors for adolescents’ general tendency to save. The studies linked adolescent saving with home atmosphere and perceived parenting style empirically for the first time. A path model illustrates the associations that were found between the behaviour and attitudes of the parents and the saving behaviour and attitudes of their adolescent child. It demonstrates that the development of saving behaviour is linked to the power relationship between parent and child. The findings support the behavioural life-cycle hypothesis as well as the benefits of being raised in an ‘authoritative home’ with regard to skills in saving.

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11

Job, Sarah. „Identity-Specific Positive Psychology Intervention for Sexual Minorities: A Randomized Control Trial“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3891.

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Sexual minorities experience mental and physical health disparities in comparison to heterosexual individuals due to minority stress (Branstrom et al., 2016; Kerridge et al., 2017; Meyer, 2003). Positive psychology interventions have improved mental and physical health (Antoine et al., 2018; Lambert D'raven et al., 2015), and therefore these interventions have potential to address health disparities. The current study tested an identity-specific intervention (n = 30) to a general positive psychology intervention (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) among sexual minorities. This built on a recent pilot study which tested the efficacy of an identity-specific intervention designed for sexual minorities and showed significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Thus, I hypothesized that individuals in intervention conditions would have better mental health, physical health, and substance use outcomes than the control group. Additionally, outcomes of the identity-specific condition were compared to those of the general positive psychology intervention. Participants included 91 sexual minority adults that completed three surveys (baseline, one week after the intervention, one month follow-up) including outcomes measures (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, problematic drinking, problems associated with drug use, well-being, and self-rated health), potential covariates (anticipated stigma, internalized stigma, concealment) and manipulation checks (self-compassion, forgiveness, optimism, coping using humor, social support seeking). Fifty-three participants completed interventions featuring five intervention tasks eliciting self-compassion, optimism, forgiveness, humor, and social support seeking. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multilevel modeling. Compared to the control condition, results showed significantly greater improvements in well-being (b = .40, p = .013), self-rated health (b = -.42, p = .006), and problems associated with drug use (b = -.97, p = .004) among participants in the intervention conditions. No significant differences emerged for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or problematic drinking. Limitations include lack of power for analyses examining extended follow-up and comparing intervention types, as well as a number of history effects. Despite these limitations, the current study has potential to improve health outcomes and aid clinical practices. More research on positive psychology interventions with sexual minorities is needed.

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12

Solomou, Genevieve. „Towards mastery and control“. Thesis, City, University of London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17972/.

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A redundancy phenomenon triggered by the 2008/2009 global economic recession seems set to continue, representing a risk to all employees. This study has focused on a particular working sector (i.e., the U.K. Financial Services) which has suffered an unprecedented number of involuntary job losses. Notwithstanding diversity in backgrounds, this study has produced findings which show that many City Professionals appear to share similar psychological traits and characteristics which are well suited to working in an intensely competitive, goal driven and pressurised working environment. Namely, high self-esteem and heightened perceptions of mastery and control. Consistent with past research, these psychological resources have been found to be adaptive in relation to coping with the stress of job loss. Concurrently, this study has highlighted that the meanings attributed to involuntary redundancy by individuals who possess those traits appear to present a significant challenge to their psychological well-being. The proposed holistic model conceives involuntary redundancy as a trajectory which begins with the Awaiting phase (pre-event). The model then progresses to four further phases each of which denote reactions, actions and interactions over time which are described in relation to Lazarus & Folkman‟s (1984) Transactional Model of Coping. The current model demonstrates how an individual with a strong sense of mastery and control may become vulnerable to more serious mental health issues over a prolonged period of unemployment. Drawing on Younger‟s (1991) Theory of Mastery, however, it also shows how an individual may emerge not demoralized and vulnerable but possibly with a stronger sense of mastery and control. Implications for clinical practitioners and recommendations for employers are discussed.

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13

Brinegar, Jennifer Lynn. „Self-Control Choices Using Running Reinforcement“. The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01042008-104048/.

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Rats were given a choice between two amounts of a run-reward after responding on one of two equidistant levers. Responding on one lever resulted in the delivery of a smaller, immediate access to a running wheel (Impulsive) while responding on the other lever resulted in the delivery of larger but delayed access to a running wheel (Self-control). A variable inter-trial-interval was used to control the session duration regardless of the distribution of choices made by the subject. The results demonstrate that the use of a wheel-running reinforcer results in a significant self-control choice bias. This suggests that the use of a wheel-running reinforcer can be used alongside food and water reinforcers without having to undergo caloric deprivation. This study demonstrates that the use of a running reinforcer may be a potentially powerful motivator in choice studies among rats.

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14

Schamberger, Megan Kate. „Contrasting Control Styles in School Consultation“. NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03112008-124815/.

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The purpose of this research is to understand the various relational dimensions that characterize the process of behavioral consultation. A relational communication perspective emphasizes that within dyadic interactions (such as those that occur between a consultant and consultee); speakers are constantly redefining their roles, positions, and relationship through conversations (Erchul, Grissom, & Getty, 2008). Although communication researchers have emphasized several relational themes that emerge in dyadic interactions (e.g., trust, similarity, depth; Burgoon & Hale, 1984; Millar & Rogers, 1976, 1987), relational communication consultation studies have almost exclusively focused on the theme of relational control (i.e., dominance-submission). This exclusionary focus on relational control has neglected other important relational themes that may characterize consultant-consultee interactions. In this study, participants listened to consultation interviews in which consultants and consultees were characterized as either high or low dominance. After listening to the interviews, participants rated consultants and consultees on several relational dimensions (e.g., involvement, trust, similarity, depth, composure, formality). Results from this study suggest that several relational dimensions are present within consultant-consultee interactions. Additionally, the presence of relational dimensions varies based on both role (i.e., school psychologist or teacher) and level of dominance. In sum, results from this current study suggest that relational dimensions other than dominance are present in consultant-consultee interactions.

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15

Holm, Linus. „Gaze control in episodic memory“. Licentiate thesis, Umeå University, Department of Psychology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-14733.

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The role of gaze control in episodic recognition was investigated in two studies. In Study 1, participants encoded human faces inverted or upright, with or without eye movements (Experiment 1) and under sorting or rating tasks (Experiment 2) respectively. At test, participants indicated their recollective experience with R(emember) responses (explicit recollection) orK(now) responses (familiarity based recognition). Experiment 1 showed that face inversion and occlusion of eye movements reduced levels of explicit recollection as measured by R responses. In Experiment 2, the relation between recollective experience and perceptual reinstatement wasexamined. Whereas the study instructions produced no differences in terms of eye movements, R responses were associated with a higher proportion of refixations than K responses.In Study 2, perceptual consistency was investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants studied scenes under different concurrent tasks. Subsequently, their recognition memory was examined in a R / K test. Executive load produced parallel effects on eye movements and R responses. Furthermore, R responses were associated with a higher proportion ofrefixations than K responses. However, number of fixations was correlated with refixations.Experiment 2 corroborated these results and controlled for number of fixations.Together, these studies suggest that visual episodic representations are supported by perceptual detail, and that explicit recollection is a function of encoding and retrieving those details. To this end, active gaze control is an important factor in visual recognition.

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16

Smith, Lawrence. „Personal control, performance and health“. Thesis, Bangor University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303472.

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17

Garrett, Darlene K. „The effects of client control during hospitalization“. Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/546130.

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The purpose of this study was to identify events that give a sense of control (decisional, behavioral, and cognitive) to clients during hospitalization, and to identify commonalities among patients related to the importance attached to selected hospitalization events and a sense of control. Bandura's social learning theory provided the conceptual framework for the study.A non probability convenience sampling of 45 adult patients hospitalized for the treatment of genitourinary, gastrointestinal, thyroid disease, or cancer of any origin, completed the instruments which measure client control: The Client Control Q Set (CCQS;) and, The Health Opinion Survey (HOS.) A semi-structured interview validated the CCQS and a background data form provided demographic information. Q factor analysis was used to identify factors of client control. The emerging factors were analyzed in relationship to the results of the HOS and patient demographic information. Subjects' human rights were protected.This study was a modified replication of Dennis' (1985) investigation to determine if a sense of control was important to hospitalized patients. The investigation supported Dennis' (1985) findings that cognitive control over diagnostic tests, surgery, treatment and illness care was important to hospitalized patients. Another important dimension of control was identified through behavioral means involving the environment. Health Opinion Survey scores identified a need to be actively involved in the health care process by patients who also desired cognitive control over diagnosis, surgery, and tests. Also, commonalities of occupation, sex, age, and diagnosis emerged among patients who identified a need for cognitive control. Likenesses emerged in nonprofessional females between the age of 21-40 receiving treatment for gastrointestinal disease.The study supported the assumption that patients do desire a senseof control during hospitalization and also supported the need to recognize other patients may not desire a sense of control. It is important to recognize the difference and respond appropriately to individual patients. The study revealed the need for nurses to facilitate a flow of information to patients regarding diagnosis, surgery and impending tests.
School of Nursing

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18

Howard, Lorence Edward Rotter Julian B. „Selected relationships between educator's locus of control and pupil control ideology /“. Access abstract and link to full text, 1986. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8612432.

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19

Abaci, Ramazan. „Ths effect of human relations training on teacher's stress, locus of control and pupil control ideology“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365116.

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20

Wright, Carolyn Lee Edwards. „Attitudes of control and weight management“. PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3949.

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Applications of locus of control theory to weight loss programs have yielded inconsistent results. This study attempts to clarify "control" by looking at two different factors. Maximum control is the degree of perceived control inherent in the event itself, and personal control is the degree to which the event is perceived controllable by the individual. These two factors were also examined in two types of situations to determine whether individuals have one global outlook on control, or if they make a distinction between control in some situations as opposed to control in other situations. Seventy-four female subjects completed a 16 item questionnaire on their perceived control in weight-related and non-weight-related situations. Subjects demonstrated that attitudes of control are situation specific. The two separate attitudes, maximum control and personal control, operate independently. Some individuals who felt that events were highly controllable, still felt they had very little control. Converse perceptions were also demonstrated.

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21

Marsh, Kerry Lynn. „Control motivation : attributions, actions, and performance consequences /“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694702785007.

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22

Macrodimitris, Sophia D. „Coping, control, and adjustment in type 2 diabetes“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39211.pdf.

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23

Lee, Samuel. „Control-display alignment modulates dimensional salience“. Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1524133.

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In studies of two-dimensional (2D) stimulus-response compatibility (SRC), people respond faster and more accurately when compatibility is maintained along the horizontal dimension than the vertical dimension, an effect called right-left prevalence. Proponents of the salient features coding account have demonstrated that prevalence effects occur when one dimension within a control-display configuration is more salient than the other. The goal of the present study was to extend this account by investigating the role of control-display alignment (CDA) and its potential influence on dimensional salience. Participants completed two-choice 2D SRC tasks in four control-display configurations with a response panel centered above, below, left, and right of a projected display. As hypothesized, right-left prevalence was elicited using vertical CDA and top-bottom prevalence was elicited using horizontal CD A. The findings demonstrate that CDA influences the way people interact with controls and displays and should therefore be taken into account in future research and design.

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24

Gallagher, Stephen Michael. „Behavioural gerontology : issues in discriminative control“. Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232859.

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25

Bartoszuk, Karin. „Randomized Control Trials“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4161.

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26

Johnson, Sharon Ann. „The Relationships among Coping, Control, and Adjustment to Cancer“. PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5280.

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This study proposed that a major function of coping is to regain perceptions of control that are threatened by the cancer experience and that perceived control mediates the relationship between coping and adjustment. Participants were 258 cancer patients, 61 % women and 39% men, aged 29 to 93 years. A variety of cancer sites were represented with breast and prostate cancer the most prevalent. Patterns of coping, perceived control in four areas (symptom-emotion, relationship, medical care, and disease control), and emotional adjustment were measured. It was expected that a sixth pattern of coping, problem-focused, would emerge when additional problem-focused items were added to the Ways of Coping-Cancer inventory. However, the expected problem-focused pattern was not distinct from the seek and use social support pattern. It was suggested that seeking and using social support may be a problem-focused strategy when dealing with relationships that are altered by the cancer experience. The study provided some support for the notion that symptom-emotion control has a greater influence than disease control on emotional adjustment as measured by the bipolar Profile of Mood States. However, all four areas of perceived control made substantial contributions to emotional adjustment. The findings only partially supported the proposed model in which perceived control mediated the relationship between coping and adjustment. All five patterns of coping influenced perceived control, and perceived control was strongly associated with emotional adjustment. The cognitive escape-avoidant pattern of coping exerted an indirect (mediated) influence on emotional adjustment through perceived control. The behavioral escape-avoidant and focus on the positive patterns exerted both indirect and direct influences on emotional adjustment. While social support and distancing coping patterns were not predictive of emotional adjustment, they did predict perceived control. It was suggested that efforts to bolster cancer patients' emotional adjustment should focus on both teaching positive coping strategies and on efforts to increase perceptions of control.

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Caselman, Gabrielle, und Julia Dodd. „An Exploration of Locus of Control: The Mediating Effect of Locus of Control Among Victims of Sexual Trauma“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7330.

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Locus of control has been associated with health outcomes (Donham et al., 1983; Holder & Levi, 1988) as well as interactions with the health care field (Christensen et al., 1996) and has independently predicted health outcomes among victims of sexual trauma (Simoni & Ng, 2002). As such, it may help to explain adverse health outcomes associated with sexual trauma. The current study sought to examine the potential mediating factor that an individual’s locus of control may have on the relationship between history of sexual trauma and health outcomes/health care interactions. Locus of control was measured via the Levenson Locus of Control Scales (Levenson, 1981) which divides locus of control into three subscales: internal locus of control, powerful others, and chance. Among a sample of women aged 18-50 years old (N = 753), an internal locus of control significantly mediated the relationship between sexual trauma and health outcomes (somatic symptoms, self-rated health, depression, and anxiety) as well as the relationship between sexual trauma and health care interactions (an individual’s level of medical mistrust and medical nonadherence). While each external locus of control scale did significantly predict outcomes, they were not significant mediators. Findings indicate the importance of internal locus of control in understanding sexual trauma’s effect on health outcomes.

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Gonzalez, Christian. „Individual Differences in Attention Control and Change Blindness“. Thesis, George Mason University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3707274.

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Change blindness is a well-studied perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates the volatility of the human visual system. Although its effects are ubiquitous, they do not manifest themselves in the same way in all observers. This dissertation explores the relationship between individual differences in attentional control, specifically differences in cognitive flexibility and working memory capacity, and change blindness in the presence of relevant task knowledge and task load. Results indicate that both cognitive flexibility and working memory predict change blindness independently, but can also interact in the presence of relevant task knowledge.

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29

Embry, Judy K. „Control, Commitment, and Challenge: Relationships to Stress, Illness, and Gender“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279163/.

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Male and female college students were administered scales assessing their daily hassles, negative life events, control, commitment, challenge, psychological symptomatology, psychological distress, and physical symptomatology. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that control, commitment, and challenge act in an additive (rather than multiplicative) manner in relation to psychological and physical outcome measures.

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30

Kovacs, Nicholas Carroll. „Developing a Nomological Network to Incorporate Learned Helplessness into Industrial-Organizational Psychology“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1556200975370749.

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31

Russman, Tasha A. „Sociopolitical Control in Urban Kenya: The Sociopolitical Control Scale in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/33.

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There is popular belief among Kenyans that their government inappropriately distributes resources unequally between different regions in Kenya. A modified version of Zimmerman and Zahniser's (1991) Sociopolitical Control Scale (SPCS) tested for differences in perceived sociopolitical control (SPC) between residents of Kenya's three biggest cities, Nairobi (n = 49), Mombasa (n = 50), and Kisumu (n = 51). Hypotheses were based on expected levels of leadership competence (LC) and policy control (PC), two sub-scales that combine to create SPC. Contrary to the hypothesis, results indicated no significant differences in levels of SPC among the cities. Results could indicate a shared urban culture throughout these cities, or could be due to methodological issues. Suggestions for creating a Kenya-specific SPCS are outlined.

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32

Adler, Joanna Ruth. „Fear in prisons: its incidence and control“. Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484251.

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33

Magaro, Melissa Marie. „Antecedents and consequences of perceived control during the transition to adulthood“. Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619409091&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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34

Federman, Asaf. „From a self that controls to self-control : paradigm shifts in early Buddhism and in cognitive science“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2271/.

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This thesis describes two similar paradigm shifts––one between Brahmanism and Buddhism and the other between Cartesian and non-Cartesian perspectives in contemporary mind-science. These shifts are characterized by a similar transition from the view that there is a Self that exercises ultimate control, to the view that the entire person engages in limited self-control. Both the Cartesian and the Brahmanical perspectives accommodate notions of ultimate free will, immaterial souls, a ‘Self’ that transcends mundane causality and bears similitude to the divine; control is seen metaphorically as the power of an absolute monarch. On the other hand, both the Buddhist and the cognitive-scientific perspectives reject ultimate free will, ultimate Selves and divine transcendence. Instead, they promote the idea that self-control is possible within causally regulated reality, and that people have limited free will; control is seen as a property of the whole agent, not as an ultimate power of an internal monarch. These similarities may explain why Buddhism appeals to cognitive science: both systems are situated at similar positions within similar paradigm shifts. For different reasons, and reflecting different motivations, Buddhism and cognitive science have developed similar outlooks on self-hood and on self-control. The comparison of these two frameworks also helps to clarify a particular conceptual issue regarding self-control and determinism. It exposes the Cartesian assumption under some scholarly concerns that the Buddhist not-Self doctrine practically eliminates the possibility of self-control, self-development, free will, and moral responsibility. Contemporary compatibilist arguments are used to show why this is not so and that in both early Buddhism and in cognitive science self-control can exist in a deterministic reality.

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35

Urban, Lukasz. „General sense of control not related to God presence| Implications for the compensatory control model“. Thesis, Adler School of Professional Psychology, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10168831.

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The compensatory control model has been suggested as one way of understanding the complex relationship between the experience of God and the experience of control. This model states that when one's sense of control is threatened, it can be compensated for by increased beliefs in external systems of control (such as a supreme being, or the government) that are thought to provide one with a general sense that the world is in order. Previous research has produced evidence for the compensatory control model, but has failed to consider a conceptual distinction between the personal experience of God (God Image) and the conceptual understanding of God (God Concept). A sample of 135 participants whose demographics closely resemble the population of academia took a brief internet survey measuring a dimension of God Image, and general sense of control. Statistical analysis of the correlation produced a coefficient of r = .13 that was not statistically significant. Contradicting the study hypothesis, the findings suggest that general sense of control was not related to how much one experiences God as present in his or her life. Implications for the fields of sociology, theology, and psychology are discussed.

Keywords: God image, God concept, control, compensatory control, religiosity

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Strate, Mary Margaret. „A study of the relationships of parents' locus of control and child-rearing attitudes to children's locus of control“. W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618376.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between children's locus of control and parental locus of control and attitudes toward warmth and control in child-rearing. It was hoped that the degree to which the parent variables were related to children's locus of control would be useful in suggesting specific emphases for parent training and counseling.;The subjects chosen for this research were public school children attending fourth, fifth, or sixth grades in an eastern Virginia school system and their parents. The sample was limited to 233 volunteers from middle to upper socioeconomic two-parent homes.;Participating parents completed three self-report measures (locus of control, warmth, control), after which the students completed the children's locus of control measure. The data collected were then organized according to students' gender and locus of control score. Four groups were derived: internal males, external males, internal females, and external females. Six parent variables were then examined for each group. to investigate the research hypotheses, correlational analyses, followed by multiple regression analyses were performed.;Results of the research suggest that for only one group, "internal males", were the relationships between locus of control scores and parents' variables significant. For this group, the data suggest that males who have internal locus of control orientations may have mothers and fathers who also have internal locus of control orientations and who display a high degree of warmth or acceptance in child-rearing. It was also found that when the locus of control scores of all four groups were combined they were significantly related to fathers', but not to mothers', locus of control scores.;These relationships, while statistically significant, were extremely weak. This suggests that there may be other variables (social, familial, or individual) which were not considered in this research which may interact to influence the development of children's locus of control orientations. Recommendations are given for future research which suggest the inclusion of these variables.

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Swope, Joseph. „Self-Hypnosis and Volitional Control of Finger Temperature Among Adults“. ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1051.

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Raynaud's disease is a condition in which circulation to the hands becomes restricted, causing an uncomfortable sense of cold and occasionally injury. The cause of Raynaud's disease is unknown. Earlier studies have shown that hetero-hypnosis is effective in the treatment of Raynaud's disease. Cost and access to providers limit such a treatment's availability. Theories of hypnosis suggest that self-hypnosis underlies all hypnotic processes. This study examined the utility of self-hypnosis and focused attention on the volitional control of hand temperature. Forty-three adult participants ranging in age from 19 to 77 years with no hypnosis experience were randomly divided into 2 groups; 20 completed the study. Eleven participants listened to a self-hypnosis recording and 9 listened to a mostly blank recording containing periodic instructions to concentrate on controlling finger temperature. A paired samples t test showed a significant difference in means between pre- and post-treatment ability. A second t test did not show a significant difference in means between the groups' ability. Analysis of survey data did not show a significant relationship between participant demographic data and ability to control finger temperature. However, analysis of participant survey responses did show that self-hypnosis was significantly more enjoyable than conscious concentration, which suggests that self-hypnosis has greater potential for adoption if used in the treatment of Raynaud's disease. Because self-hypnosis was found to be enjoyable and effective it may be superior to other treatments that are unpleasant or have pharmacological side effects. These findings will inform sufferers of Raynaud's disease and researchers in their efforts to treat the disease. The positive social change implications of this study are to expand treatment options for a disease that affects 4% of the world's population.

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Grover, Debra Ruth. „Relationship between intellectual control beliefs and intellectual performance in adulthood“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28672.

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Charlton, Shawn R. „The relationship between behavioral measures of self-control temporal discounting and the single-player iterated prisoner's dilemma /“. Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3233748.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 6, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-148).

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Anderson, Joseph C. „Walking to reach information variables and control strategies for nested actions /“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344558.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences and the Dept. of Cognitive Science, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 7, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 1371. Adviser: Geoffrey P. Bingham.

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Holt, Kathryn A. „Aging and Cognitive Control: Discriminating Stimulus from Response Deficits of Attention“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626638.

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Jardine, Nicole. „Surface structure and saccadic control“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6147.

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Saccadic eye movements are guided by attention. Indeed, some saccade trajectory effects serve as an index the attentional strength of visual objects in the map of visual space used to plan a saccade. One approach to understanding saccade planning relies on simple tasks in sparse displays (containing a single target and distractor object) to develop neurophysiologically plausible models of saccade behavior. Under tightly controlled conditions, saccade trajectories can be well predicted by representing displays of objects with simple visual features and their relative salience. But the world in which the saccade system typically operates is not sparse, and observer eye movements are guided by more than just salience. As such, another approach has been to examine saccadic behavior in complex scenes and complicated goals. Such scene context can drastically affect saccades in ways that are not well predicted by a context-free and expectation-free representation of visual salience. This dissertation starts to bridge this gap between these literatures by focusing on object surfaces. Covert shifts of attention operate on representations informed not just by stimulus salience and location-based expectations, but also by the perceptual organization of object surfaces. Covert attention can be guided by surface context, such that targets and distractors are processed differently as a function of whether they are on the same or different surface. These effects are fragile, however, and have previously only been demonstrated in relatively engaging tasks and with strong perceptions of objecthood. The present work tested the strength of the relationship between attention and saccades by testing whether surface context guides orienting eye movements. Observers made saccades to objects that could be organized with different surface structure. In four experiments (Chapters 2 and 3) I found no evidence that the saccade map encoded surface context. But in two experiments (Chapters 4 and 5) I demonstrate saccade trajectories are sensitive to surface context, independently of low or high task engagement. This demonstrates that object surface-based representations are not necessarily fragile and can affect the oculomotor map even for simple saccadic orienting for which the surface is task-irrelevant. This lends evidence to the theory that the nature of the representation of vision is one of object surfaces, and suggests that the strength of object encoding is stronger than has been previously demonstrated.

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Bell, Ian Douglas, und ian bell@deakin edu au. „Social control, self-control and psychosocial problems in adolescent males“. Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20070119.100141.

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Psychosocial problems are psychological problems that are regarded as resulting from the interaction between the adaptive capacities of individuals and the demands of their physical and social environments. Many different factors have been theoretically proposed, and empirically established, as predictors of a range of psychosocial problems in adolescents. However, a problem exists in that this literature appears to lack an integrative framework that has validity across the range of problems that are observed. The purpose of the current research is to propose and test a model that draws together three clusters of factors that are useful in predicting the incidence of adolescent psychosocial problems. These are family structural background factors, family functioning variables and control beliefs. Data were collected from 155 adolescent males aged between 12 and 19 by a single concurrent and retrospective self-report questionnaire. This included data about the respondent (age, involvements with mental health or juvenile justice agencies) and family structural background factors (days per week worked by mother/father, occupational status for mother/father, residential mobility, number of persons in the family home). The questionnaire also incorporated the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) to quantify the levels of perceived parental care and overprotection, and an adaptation of the Parental Discipline Style Scale (Shaw & Scott, 1991), to assess punitive, love withdrawing and inductive discipline practices. In addition, the (Low) Self-control Scale (Grasmick, Tittle, Bursick & Arneklev, 1993) and the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale (Craig, Franklin, & Andrews, 1984) were used to collect data concerning adolescents perceived behavioural self-control and locus of control. Finally, selected sub-scales of the Child Behavior Checklist Youth Self-Report (Achenbach, 1991b) were used to collect data on the incidence of social withdrawal, somatisation, anxiety and depression, aggression and delinquency among the respondents, and in aggregated form, the incidence of total problems and internalising and externalising behaviours. Results indicated family structural background factors, family functioning variables and control beliefs possess limited predicted validity and that the usefulness of the proposed model varies between specific psychosocial problems. Family functioning variables were generally stronger predictors than family structural background factors, particularly for internalising behaviours. Of these, levels of parental care and overprotection were generally the strongest predictors. Perceived self-control and locus of control were also generally strong predictors, but were particularly powerful with respect to externalising behaviours. The strength of predictive relationships was observed to vary between specific internalising and externalising behaviours, suggesting that individual difference variables not assessed in the current research were differentially influential. Finally, the parental and individual characteristics that predicted maximal levels of adjustment (defined in terms of minimal levels of internalising and externalising behaviours) were explored and the correlates of various parenting style typologies (Parker et al., 1979) were investigated. These results strongly confirmed the importance of family functioning and control beliefs with respect to the prediction of internalising, externalising and well-adjusted behaviours. In all analyses, substantial proportions of the variance in the incidence of problem behaviours remain unexplained. The findings are examined in relation to previous research focused on (familial) social control and (individual) self-control with respect to psychosocial problems in adolescents. In addition, methodological considerations are discussed and the implications of the findings for clinical and community interventions to address problem behaviours, and for further study, are explored.

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Bjelling, Martina, und Emilia Lindegård. „Predicerar Work Locus of Control och anställningslängd arbetstillfredsställelse?“ Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10344.

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Arbetstillfredsställelse är ett viktigt begrepp då människor tillbringar stor del av sitt liv på arbetsplatsen. Det är ett svårdefinierat och komplext begrepp, men kan ses som en individs syn på och värdering av sitt arbete och sin arbetsplats. Locke (1976) ser det som tillstånd och upplevelser och Kaufmann och Kaufmann (2005) som ett samspel mellan bland annat den anställdes tankar, förväntningar och själva arbetet. Det finns aspekter som kan kopplas till hur tillfreds en medarbetare är med sitt arbete och sin arbetsplats. I följande studie belyses förhållandet mellan Work Locus of Control och arbetstillfredsställelse samt anställningslängd och arbetstillfredsställelse. Work Locus of Control innebär att individer med intern WLoC anser sig kontrollera händelser och situationer i arbetslivet. De med extern WLoC lägger ansvaret för händelser i yttre omständigheter (Spector, 1982). I undersökningen framkom att WLoC tillsammans med anställningslängd signifikant predicerar graden av arbetstillfredsställelse (R2= ,430 , p< ,0005). När variablerna undersöktes separat predicerade Work Locus of Control signifikant graden av arbetstillfredsställelse (R2= ,418 , p< ,0005), men anställningslängd gjorde det inte (p= ,282). Förklaringar till resultaten diskuterades.
Job satisfaction is an important concept nowadays considering people spend so much time at work. It is hard to define and it is very complex but can be seen as individuals view on values at work. Locke (1976) describes it as conditions and experiences while Kaufmann and Kaufmann (2005) describe it as an interaction between feelings and expectations among the employees. There are aspects that can link to how pleased an employee is with his work and workplace. In the following study, the relation is elucidated between Work Locus of Control and job satisfaction and between length of service and job satisfaction. Work Locus of Control means that individuals with internal WLoC consider themselves as individuals who need to control events and different situations that happen at their jobs. The ones with external WLoC put the responsibilities for different situations in extraneous circumstances (Spector, 1982). In the survey it was revealed that WLoC along with length of service significantly predicts the degree of job satisfaction (R2= ,430 , p< ,0005). The variables were examined separately and showed that WLoC significantly predict the degree of job satisfaction (R2= ,418 , p< ,0005), although length of service did not (p= ,282). Explanations to the results were discussed.

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MacDonald, Ian. „Manual and verbal control processes in working memory“. Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363451.

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Spector-Oron, Shiri. „Self-control of seizures in adults with epilepsy“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267517.

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Reyes, Fredy. „Effects of Reinforcement History on Stimulus Control Relations“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2669/.

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Ray (1969) conducted an experiment on multiple stimulus-response relations and selective attention. Ray's (1969) results suggested that stimulus-response relations function as behavioral units. McIlvane and Dube (1996) indicated that if stimulus-response relations are behavioral units the effects of environmental variables on stimulus-response relations should be similar to the effects of environmental variables on single response topographies. This experiment analyzed the effects of reinforcement history on the probability of stimulus-response relations with differing reinforcement histories. In separate conditions random-ratio schedules of reinforcement were contingent on each of four discriminated responses. To assess the effects of reinforcement, during test conditions stimuli controlling different topographies were present concurrently in composite form. Results show that reinforcement history affects the probability of each response topography and that the association between response topographies and their controlling stimuli tends to remain constant throughout variations in reinforcement probability.

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Wang, Yin. „The control of mimicry by social signals“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12401/.

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One remarkable feature of social interactions is spontaneous mimicry. People have a tendency to unconsciously imitate other’s behaviours. This mimicry increases liking and affiliation between individuals and plays an important role in social cognition. Though mimicry is not normally consciously controlled, past research suggests that people mimic differently across social situations. In order to better understand the flexibility of mimicry in socal contexts, this thesis examined how social signals impact on mimicry by using a cognitive approach. Four behavioural studies consistently suggest that mimicry is subtly and strategically controlled by social signals. Specifically, in the first study we found that eye gaze is a powerful controlling signal on mimicry. Direct gaze rapidly and specifically enhances mimicry of intransitive hand movements. In the second study, we clarified that this eye contact effect on mimicry is not due to any arousal or attentional effect, but is driven by the social cue of direct gaze. In the third study, we found a joint effect of likeability and social status on mimicry. These two features interact in driving mimicry and optimize the affiliative function of mimicry in social interaction. Finally in the fourth study, we found that mimicry is sensitive to social primes. Prosocial and antisocial primes subtly modulate mimicry according to the self-relatedness of the primes. To further investigate the neural mechanism of the sutble control of mimicry by social signals, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the effect of eye contact on mimicry. The results showed that two key brain systems for social cognition—medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mirror neuron system (MNS)—work together to control mimicry on line in social contexts. In particular, dynamic causal modelling analysis revealed that mPFC is the originator of the eye contact effect on mimicry and this region modulates the sensory inputs to the MNS according to gaze directions. These findings suggest that mPFC plays a key role in the strategic control of mimicry in social contexts. All experiments are then discussed in relation to current theories of mimicry. We suggest that this subtle and strategic control of mimicry is essential to human competence in social interactions and is important for our understanding of why and how people mimic.

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Hubbard, Chris. „The Role of Foreign Language Experience on Executive Control“. Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1462358824.

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Tondowski, Mona. „A portfolio of work on self-control, professional growth, supervision and relevance to counselling psychology“. Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1215/.

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This portfolio comprises three separate, yet connected pieces of work. The first is a critical literature review, the second an empirical research project and the third an extended case study. Each piece may be viewed as distinct in terms of evidencing different "core competencies" that the Health Professions Council (HPC, 2009) requires counselling psychologists to achieve, which is one of the core reasons for choosing to present these three specific pieces of work. A secondary reason is a particular investigative thread that connects each piece, one with another. The collective work in this portfolio is related to the professional development of counselling psychologists and is relevant to other types of therapeutic practitioners, for example clinical psychologists, psychotherapists or counsellors. The first section of the portfolio is a literature review, which provides the foundation for my empirical research project. The aim of the literature review was to critically evaluate current theories and research concerning the specific role that emotions play in self-control behaviour. The rationale for exploring this topic in detail is the assumption that emotions and self-control are two omnipotent aspects of therapy; each having implications not only for clients, but also for therapeutic practitioners. In my role as a Counselling Psychologist, I have found that it is not unusual for clients to report difficulties in self-control and to engage in self-destructive or maladaptive behaviour as a consequence of intense emotions. I therefore propose that successful therapeutic work requires practitioners to be able to regulate their own emotions and understand the influence of self-control on behaviour. The critical literature review reveals that emotional valence (i.e. whether emotions are positive or negative) has an impact on ability to self-regulate. In general, positive emotions seem to play a beneficial role whilst negative emotions play a detrimental role for self- control. However, this is not a generalisable finding, as there is evidence to suggest that there are particular situations where positive and negative emotions may have the opposite effect. Despite relevance to the field of therapeutic practitioners, the literature review identifies a lack of research and a number of limitations to existing research studies on this topic, specifically within clinical and counselling settings. Hence, it is proposed that this review will be of interest amongst therapeutic practitioners to further investigate the relationship between emotions and self-control more specifically within counselling and clinical settings so as to help improve both treatments for clients' self-destructive behaviour (e.g. binge-drinking, binge-eating, smoking, gambling) and practitioners' professional efficiency. Additionally, I believe that this literature review demonstrates my ability to critically evaluate and report on research (HPC, 2009).

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Control (Psychology)“

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