Zeitschriftenartikel: „Control in neuroscience“

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Stern, P. R. „NEUROSCIENCE: Dendritic Control of Rhythmicity“. Science 293, Nr. 5532 (10.08.2001): 1015e—1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.293.5532.1015e.

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Chin, G. J. „NEUROSCIENCE: Pathways to Pain Control“. Science 288, Nr. 5475 (30.06.2000): 2287b—2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2287b.

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Madhav, Manu S., und Noah J. Cowan. „The Synergy Between Neuroscience and Control Theory: The Nervous System as Inspiration for Hard Control Challenges“. Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 3, Nr. 1 (03.05.2020): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-060117-104856.

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Here, we review the role of control theory in modeling neural control systems through a top-down analysis approach. Specifically, we examine the role of the brain and central nervous system as the controller in the organism, connected to but isolated from the rest of the animal through insulated interfaces. Though biological and engineering control systems operate on similar principles, they differ in several critical features, which makes drawing inspiration from biology for engineering controllers challenging but worthwhile. We also outline a procedure that the control theorist can use to draw inspiration from the biological controller: starting from the intact, behaving animal; designing experiments to deconstruct and model hierarchies of feedback; modifying feedback topologies; perturbing inputs and plant dynamics; using the resultant outputs to perform system identification; and tuning and validating the resultant control-theoretic model using specially engineered robophysical models.

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Ahmed, S. Ejaz. „Dynamic Neuroscience Statistic, Modeling, and Control“. Technometrics 61, Nr. 4 (02.10.2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.2019.1679542.

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Matsumoto, K. „NEUROSCIENCE: Enhanced: Conflict and Cognitive Control“. Science 303, Nr. 5660 (13.02.2004): 969–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1094733.

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Rakic, P. „NEUROSCIENCE: Genetic Control of Cortical Convolutions“. Science 303, Nr. 5666 (26.03.2004): 1983–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1096414.

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Fox, Douglas. „Remote control brains: a neuroscience revolution“. New Scientist 195, Nr. 2613 (Juli 2007): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)61838-7.

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Bridgeman, Bruce. „Applications of predictive control in neuroscience“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, Nr. 3 (10.05.2013): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12002282.

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AbstractThe sensory cortex has been interpreted as coding information rather than stimulus properties since Sokolov in 1960 showed increased response to an unexpected stimulus decrement. The motor cortex is also organized around expectation, coding the goal of an act rather than a set of muscle movements. Expectation drives not only immediate responses but also the very structure of the cortex, as demonstrated by development of receptive fields that mirror the structure of the visual world.

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Schoofs, Andreas, und Michael J. Pankratz. „Neuroscience: Moving thoughts control insulin release“. Current Biology 33, Nr. 7 (April 2023): R274—R276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.054.

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Castro, L. C. „Affective Neuroscience: A Crucial Role in Psychiatry“. European Psychiatry 24, S1 (Januar 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71130-7.

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Background:Neuroscience has been a growing revolutionary field of scientific knowledge. The increasing recognition of the importance of emotional processes and subjective experience in several aspects of human behaviour parallel the growing amount of research in the field of affective neuroscience. Affective neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms subjacent to emotional behaviour.Aim:To discuss the relevance of affective neuroscience research in social and biological sciences, namely within psychiatric and psychological researches.Methods:Review of the literature. MEDLINE and PubMed databases searches for peer-reviewed studies, published between 1994 and 2008, using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms affective neuroscience, emotions, affective sciences and psychiatry, psychology, biological sciences, social sciences.Results:Several studies addresses brain functions and how emotions relate to genetics, learning, primary motivations, stress response and human behaviour. Some actual areas of research within affective neuroscience include: emotional learning, affective behaviour, emotional empathy, psychosomatic medicine, functional and structural biomarkers, emotional disorders and stress response, among others.Discussion:In Psychiatry, affective neurosciences find application in understanding the neurobiology of mood disorders, the neural control of interpersonal and social behaviour and the emotional systems that underlie psychopathology. Affective neuroscience reflects the integration of knowledge across disciplines allowing a broader understanding of human functioning. The field of affective neuroscience is an exciting field of future psychiatric research and it provides an investigational framework for studying psychiatric morbidity.

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Strle, Toma, und Olga Markič. „Looping effects of neurolaw, and the precarious marriage between neuroscience and the law“. Balkan Journal of Philosophy 10, Nr. 1 (2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bjp20181013.

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In the following article we first present the growing trend of incorporating neuroscience into the law, and the growing acceptance of and trust in neuroscience’s mechanistic and reductionistic explanations of the human mind. We then present and discuss some studies that show how nudging peoples’ beliefs about matters related to human agency (such as free will, decision-making, or self-control) towards a more deterministic, mechanistic and/or reductionistic conception, exerts an influence on their very actions, mentality, and brain processes. We suggest that the neuroscientific view of the human mind exerts an influence on the very cognitive phenomena neuroscience falsely believes to be studying objectively. This holds especially when we consider the systematic integration of neuroscience into the public domain, such as the law. For, such an integration acts as a reinforcement of the public’s and legal decision-makers’ endorsement of and trust in neuroscience’s view of human nature that further changes how people think and act. Such looping effects of neurolaw are probably inevitable. Accordingly, we should be aware of the scope of neuroscientific explanations and be careful not to overstate neuroscientific evidence and findings in legal contexts.

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G. Nestor, Paul, Toshiyuki Ohtani, James J. Levitt, Dominick T. Newell, Martha E. Shenton, Margaret Niznikiewicz und Robert W. McCarley. „Prefrontal Lobe Gray Matter, Cognitive Control and Episodic Memory in Healthy Cognition“. AIMS Neuroscience 3, Nr. 3 (2016): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2016.3.338.

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Eisenreich, Benjamin R., Rei Akaishi und Benjamin Y. Hayden. „Control without Controllers: Toward a Distributed Neuroscience of Executive Control“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2017): 1684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01139.

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Executive control refers to the regulation of cognition and behavior by mental processes and is a hallmark of higher cognition. Most approaches to understanding its mechanisms begin with the assumption that our brains have anatomically segregated and functionally specialized control modules. The modular approach is intuitive: Control is conceptually distinct from basic mental processing, so an organization that reifies that distinction makes sense. An alternative approach sees executive control as self-organizing principles of a distributed organization. In distributed systems, control and controlled processes are colocalized within large numbers of dispersed computational agents. Control then is often an emergent consequence of simple rules governing the interaction between agents. Because these systems are unfamiliar and unintuitive, here we review several well-understood examples of distributed control systems, group living insects and social animals, and emphasize their parallels with neural systems. We then reexamine the cognitive neuroscience literature on executive control for evidence that its neural control systems may be distributed.

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Eppinger, Ben, Thomas Goschke und Sebastian Musslick. „Meta-control: From psychology to computational neuroscience“. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 21, Nr. 3 (Juni 2021): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-021-00919-4.

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Maynard, Olivia M., F. Joseph McClernon, Jason A. Oliver und Marcus R. Munafò. „Using Neuroscience to Inform Tobacco Control Policy“. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, Nr. 6 (24.03.2018): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty057.

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Gao, Claire, und Michael J. Krashes. „Neuroscience of eating: Pace and portion control“. Current Biology 34, Nr. 4 (Februar 2024): R155—R157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.033.

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Ijspeert, Auke J. „Amphibious and Sprawling Locomotion: From Biology to Robotics and Back“. Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 3, Nr. 1 (03.05.2020): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-091919-095731.

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A milestone in vertebrate evolution, the transition from water to land, owes its success to the development of a sprawling body plan that enabled an amphibious lifestyle. The body, originally adapted for swimming, evolved to benefit from limbs that enhanced its locomotion capabilities on submerged and dry ground. The first terrestrial animals used sprawling locomotion, a type of legged locomotion in which limbs extend laterally from the body (as opposed to erect locomotion, in which limbs extend vertically below the body). This type of locomotion—exhibited, for instance, by salamanders, lizards, and crocodiles—has been studied in a variety of fields, including neuroscience, biomechanics, evolution, and paleontology. Robotics can benefit from these studies to design amphibious robots capable of swimming and walking, with interesting applications in field robotics, in particular for search and rescue, inspection, and environmental monitoring. In return, robotics can provide useful scientific tools to test hypotheses in neuroscience, biomechanics, and paleontology. For instance, robots have been used to test hypotheses about the organization of neural circuits that can switch between swimming and walking under the control of simple modulation signals, as well as to identify the most likely gaits of extinct sprawling animals. Here, I review different aspects of amphibious and sprawling locomotion, namely gait characteristics, neurobiology, numerical models, and sprawling robots, and discuss fruitful interactions between robotics and other scientific fields.

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Ito, Masao, und Naoko Nisimaru. „Cerebellar Control of Defense Reactions under Orexin-mediated Neuromodulation as a Model of Cerebellohypothalamic Interaction“. AIMS Environmental Science 1, Nr. 1 (2014): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2014.1.89.

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Ferreira-Santos, Fernando. „Facial Emotion Processing in the Laboratory (and elsewhere): Tradeoffs between Stimulus Control and Ecological Validity“. AIMS Neuroscience 2, Nr. 4 (2015): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2015.4.236.

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Kao, Ta-Chu, und Guillaume Hennequin. „Neuroscience out of control: control-theoretic perspectives on neural circuit dynamics“. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 58 (Oktober 2019): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2019.09.001.

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Aghighi, Fatemeh, Mahmoud Salami und Sayyed Alireza Talaei. „Effect of postnatal environmental enrichment on LTP induction in the CA1 area of hippocampus of prenatally traffic noise-stressed female rats“. AIMS Neuroscience 10, Nr. 4 (2023): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2023021.

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<abstract> Early-life stress negatively alters mammalian brain programming. Environmental enrichment (EE) has beneficial effects on brain structure and function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of postnatal environmental enrichment on long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in the hippocampal CA1 area of prenatally stressed female rats. The pregnant Wistar rats were housed in a standard animal room and exposed to traffic noise stress 2 hours/day during the third week of pregnancy. Their offspring either remained intact (ST) or received enrichment (SE) for a month starting from postnatal day 21. The control groups either remained intact (CO) or received enrichment (CE). Basic field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the CA1 area; then, LTP was induced by high-frequency stimulation. Finally, the serum levels of corticosterone were measured. Our results showed that while the prenatal noise stress decreased the baseline responses of the ST rats when compared to the control rats (P < 0.001), the postnatal EE increased the fEPSPs of both the CE and SE animals when compared to the respective controls. Additionally, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) induced LTP in the fEPSPs of the CO rats (P < 0.001) and failed to induce LTP in the fEPSPs of the ST animals. The enriched condition caused increased potentiation of post-HFS responses in the controls (P < 0.001) and restored the disrupted synaptic plasticity of the CA1 area in the prenatally stressed rats. Likewise, the postnatal EE decreased the elevated serum corticosterone of prenatally stressed offspring (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the postnatal EE restored the stress induced impairment of synaptic plasticity in rats' female offspring. </abstract>

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R Larson, Charles, und Donald A Robin. „Sensory Processing: Advances in Understanding Structure and Function of Pitch-Shifted Auditory Feedback in Voice Control“. AIMS Neuroscience 3, Nr. 1 (2016): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2016.1.22.

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Puigvert Mallart, Lídia, Ramón Flecha García, Sandra Racionero-Plaza und Teresa Sordé-Martí. „Socioneuroscience and its contributions to conscious versus unconscious volition and control. The case of gender violence prevention“. AIMS Neuroscience 6, Nr. 3 (2019): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2019.3.204.

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M. Florio, Tiziana. „Stereotyped, automatized and habitual behaviours: are they similar constructs under the control of the same cerebral areas?“ AIMS Neuroscience 7, Nr. 2 (2020): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2020010.

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Shields, Grant S. „Neuroscience and Conscious Causation: Has Neuroscience Shown that We Cannot Control Our Own Actions?“ Review of Philosophy and Psychology 5, Nr. 4 (16.08.2014): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0200-9.

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Masaki, Hiroaki, und Werner Sommer. „Cognitive neuroscience of motor learning and motor control“. Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 1, Nr. 3 (2012): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7600/jpfsm.1.369.

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Penney, Steven. „Impulse control and criminal responsibility: Lessons from neuroscience“. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 35, Nr. 2 (März 2012): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.12.004.

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Al-Amin, Md Mamun, Robert K. P. Sullivan, Suzy Alexander, David A. Carter, DanaKai Bradford und Thomas H. J. Burne. „Impaired spatial memory in adult vitamin D deficient BALB/c mice is associated with reductions in spine density, nitric oxide, and neural nitric oxide synthase in the hippocampus“. AIMS Neuroscience 9, Nr. 1 (2022): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2022004.

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<abstract> Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in adults and is associated with cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism by which adult vitamin D (AVD) deficiency affects cognitive function remains unclear. We examined spatial memory impairment in AVD-deficient BALB/c mice and its underlying mechanism by measuring spine density, long term potentiation (LTP), nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in the hippocampus. Adult male BALB/c mice were fed a control or vitamin D deficient diet for 20 weeks. Spatial memory performance was measured using an active place avoidance (APA) task, where AVD-deficient mice had reduced latency entering the shock zone compared to controls. We characterised hippocampal spine morphology in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) and made electrophysiological recordings in the hippocampus of behaviourally naïve mice to measure LTP. We next measured NO, as well as glutathione, lipid peroxidation and oxidation of protein products and quantified hippocampal immunoreactivity for nNOS and eNOS. Spine morphology analysis revealed a significant reduction in the number of mushroom spines in the CA1 dendrites but not in the DG. There was no effect of diet on LTP. However, hippocampal NO levels were depleted whereas other oxidation markers were unaltered by AVD deficiency. We also showed a reduced nNOS, but not eNOS, immunoreactivity. Finally, vitamin D supplementation for 10 weeks to AVD-deficient mice restored nNOS immunoreactivity to that seen in in control mice. Our results suggest that lower levels of NO and reduced nNOS immunostaining contribute to hippocampal-dependent spatial learning deficits in AVD-deficient mice. </abstract>

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Mehrabani, Sanaz, Mohsen Rastkar, Narges Ebrahimi und Mahsa Ghajarzadeh. „Microbiomes and Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review“. AIMS Neuroscience 10, Nr. 4 (2023): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2023031.

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<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> Gut microbiomes play a role in developing and regulating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We designed this systematic review to summarize the evidence of the effect of gut microbiota in developing pediatric-onset MS. </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, references of the references and conference abstracts were comprehensively searched by two independent researchers. The search was done on January 1st, 2023. Data regarding the total number of patients, the name of the first author, publication year, country of origin, mean age, duration of the disease, body mass index (BMI), type of MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), age at disease onset and stool composition were extracted. </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> A literature search revealed 4237 published studies. After removing duplicates, we had 2045 records for evaluation. Twenty-three full texts were evaluated, and four case-control studies remained for systematic review. Three studies were conducted in the United States and one in the Netherlands. The number of participants in included studies ranged between 24 and 68. The mean age of patients at the time of study varied between 11.9 and 17.9 years, and the mean age at the onset of the disease ranged between 11.5 and 14.3 years. Most included patients were female. The results show that median richness (the number of unique taxa identified, which was provided by two studies) was higher in controls, and also Margalef index, which was reported by one study was higher in control group than the case group. The results of two studies also demonstrated that median evenness indexes (taxon distribution, Shannon, Simpson) were higher in control groups, as well as PD index (Faith's phylogenic diversity metric). </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> The result of this systematic review (including four studies) showed disruption of the microbiota-immune balance in pediatric-onset MS cases. </sec></abstract>

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Gray, Jeremy R., und Todd S. Braver. „Cognitive control in altruism and self-control: A social cognitive neuroscience perspective“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, Nr. 2 (April 2002): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02320053.

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The primrose path and prisoner's dilemma paradigms may require cognitive (executive) control: The active maintenance of context representations in lateral prefrontal cortex to provide top-down support for specific behaviors in the face of short delays or stronger response tendencies. This perspective suggests further tests of whether altruism is a type of self-control, including brain imaging, induced affect, and dual-task studies.

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Lerosier, Baptiste, Gregory Simon, Sylvain Takerkart, Guillaume Auzias und Sonia Dollfus. „Sulcal pits of the superior temporal sulcus in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations“. AIMS Neuroscience 11, Nr. 1 (2024): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2024002.

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<abstract> Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are among the most common and disabling symptoms of schizophrenia. They involve the superior temporal sulcus (STS), which is associated with language processing; specific STS patterns may reflect vulnerability to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. STS sulcal pits are the deepest points of the folds in this region and were investigated here as an anatomical landmark of AVHs. This study included 53 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and past or present AVHs, as well as 100 healthy control volunteers. All participants underwent a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging T1 brain scan, and sulcal pit differences were compared between the two groups. Compared with controls, patients with AVHs had a significantly different distributions for the number of sulcal pits in the left STS, indicating a less complex morphological pattern. The association of STS sulcal morphology with AVH suggests an early neurodevelopmental process in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia with AVHs. </abstract>

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Roka, Yam Bahadur. „Fourteen years of Nepal Journal of Neuroscience“. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 15, Nr. 1 (28.05.2018): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v15i1.20018.

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Nepal Journal of Neuroscience (NJNS) was started in 2004 with its office in Department of Neurosurgery, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine. It was started as a biannual publication and remained so till 2017 when the number was increased to 3/year. This study aims to find the patterns of publication and topics since its inception to present. A total of 257 articles were published within this study period. This gives an average of 18.3 articles/ year with range from 9-32 articles/year.Considering the type of article published, the majority were original articles (90). Followed closely by case reports (87), review articles (29), editorial (18), neuro view box (19) and others. The parent country of origin, i.e. Nepal remains the largest contributor to the journal with 193 articles, followed by India (23), USA (9), Japan (7) and UK and Bangladesh (6 each). NJNS is the only platform in Nepal for neurosciences to showcase their research which will help to collect the nation-wide data and will in the long-term help to formulate rules and regulations, where applicable, to control and implement the various findings. I thus request all readers and well-wishers to continue their support to NJNS to make it one of the foremost research journal in neurosciences not only from Nepal but in the region.Nepal Journal of Neurosciences 15:6-9, 2018

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R. Paap, Kenneth, Hunter Myuz, Regina Anders-Jefferson, Lauren Mason und Brandon Zimiga. „On the ambiguity regarding the relationship between sequential congruency effects, bilingual advantages in cognitive control, and the disengagement of attention“. AIMS Neuroscience 6, Nr. 4 (2019): 282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2019.4.282.

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Culbertson, Heather, Samuel B. Schorr und Allison M. Okamura. „Haptics: The Present and Future of Artificial Touch Sensation“. Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 1, Nr. 1 (28.05.2018): 385–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-060117-105043.

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This article reviews the technology behind creating artificial touch sensations and the relevant aspects of human touch. We focus on the design and control of haptic devices and discuss the best practices for generating distinct and effective touch sensations. Artificial haptic sensations can present information to users, help them complete a task, augment or replace the other senses, and add immersiveness and realism to virtual interactions. We examine these applications in the context of different haptic feedback modalities and the forms that haptic devices can take. We discuss the prior work, limitations, and design considerations of each feedback modality and individual haptic technology. We also address the need to consider the neuroscience and perception behind the human sense of touch in the design and control of haptic devices.

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Fitriani, Fitriani. „Adaptive Control of Thought of Human Being“. PEEL (PASER ENGLISH EDUCATION AND LINGUISTIC) 1, Nr. 1 (15.07.2022): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56489/peel.v1i1.76.

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This study aims to explain the students’ achievement in the neuroscience perspective. The important human organs in this case the brain is evidence to motivate human character. This article is a literature study with a qualitative approach. This study is adapted a variety of literature books and journals that related to neuroscience and character education. Human brain has function to controlled by the nervous system in the brain it means that all the activities of human being is resource the functioning of the brain. The brain is complex organ can controls memory, thought, touch, emotion, motor, vision, skills, temperature, breathing, hunger and every process that depend in our body. Neuron system is part of the thing in individual learning ability and it function in mental individually. The human brain is flexible and has the ability to change. This organ evolves throughout life and adapts to the changing environment. It is scientifically proven that human in enriched environments belong to several numbers of synaptic connections among neurons than the impoverished environment. So the implication of neuroscience to all the activities lead to neurol branching. Key words: Cognitive theory adaptive control of thought

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Laxane, Rahul. „Neuro-Robotics: Bridging Neuroscience and Robotics“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, Nr. 04 (05.04.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30166.

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The field of neurorobotics represents the combination of neuroscience and robotics, aiming to elucidate neural functional principles and use them to create intelligent robots. This article considers the symbiotic relationship between the two fields and explores how insights from neuroscience can inform the design and control of robots; Robotic platforms offer a unique opportunity to learn and validate insights from neuroscience. For example, this article focuses on the core concepts of neuroscience and robotics and highlights key advances that support the integration of these fields, including brain-computer interfaces, neurorobotic simulations, and bionic design. It examines how discoveries in neuroscience, such as the understanding of sensorimotor control, learning processes, and cognitive processes, are supporting the creation of biomimetic robots that can address behavioural challenges and interact with their environments.

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Mohamed, Zakaria Ahmed, Chunjiao Tang, Erick Thokerunga, Ali Omar Jimale und Jingyi Fan. „Serum hypomagnesemia is associated with febrile seizures in young children“. AIMS Neuroscience 9, Nr. 4 (2022): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2022032.

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<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> Febrile seizures (FS) frequently manifest in children below 5 years of age. Although the exact etiology is still unknown, genetic predisposition, changes in neurotransmitter levels, and serum electrolyte imbalance are some of the known risk factors. This study examined the possible association between serum magnesium levels in children with FS compared to febrile children without seizures. </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> A retrospective case-control study was conducted from February 2019 to January 2021, recruiting 230 age and gender-matched cases and controls (115 each). Extracted data were analyzed using SPSS using an independent student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> The mean serum magnesium levels were 0.93 ± 0.129 vs 0.97 ± 0.0961; p < 0.001, between cases and controls respectively. Similarly, hypomagnesemia (<0.85 mmol/L) was detected in 26.1% and 8.7% of the cases and controls, respectively; p < 0.001. A significant negative correlation was found between serum magnesium levels and the occurrence of febrile seizures; r = [−0.169], p < 0.05. </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> Serum magnesium was significantly low in febrile children with seizures compared to those without, and hypomagnesemia was associated with the occurrence of febrile seizures. These results portray hypomagnesemia as a possible risk factor for febrile seizure, and so should be validated in future large cohort studies so that guidelines are set for proper management of these children. </sec></abstract>

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Nasser, Nisha Syed, Krish Sharma, Parv Mahendra Mehta, Vidur Mahajan, Harsh Mahajan und Vasantha Kumar Venugopal. „Estimation of white matter hyperintensities with synthetic MRI myelin volume fraction in patients with multiple sclerosis and non-multiple-sclerosis white matter hyperintensities: A pilot study among the Indian population“. AIMS Neuroscience 10, Nr. 2 (2023): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2023011.

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<abstract><sec> <title>AIM</title> Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) works on the MDME sequence, which acquires the relaxation properties of the brain and helps to measure the accurate tissue properties in 6 minutes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synthetic MRI (SyMRI)-generated myelin (MyC) to white matter (WM) ratio, the WM fraction (WMF), MyC partial maps performing normative brain volumetry to investigate MyC loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with white-matter hyperintensites (WMHs) and non-MS patients with WMHs in a clinical setting. </sec><sec> <title>MATERIALS and METHODS</title> Synthetic MRI images were acquired from 15 patients with MS, and from 15 non-MS patients on a 3T MRI scanner (Discovery MR750w; GE Healthcare; Milwaukee, USA) using MAGiC, a customized version of SyntheticMR's SyMRI® IMAGE software marketed by GE Healthcare under a license agreement. Fast multi-delay multi-echo acquisition was performed with a 2D axial pulse sequence with different combinations of echo time (TEs) and saturation delay times. The total image acquisition time was 6 minutes. SyMRI image analysis was done using SyMRI software (SyMRI Version: 11.3.6; Synthetic MR, Linköping, Sweden). SyMRI data were used to generate the MyC partial maps and WMFs to quantify the signal intensities of test group and control group, andcontrol group , and their mean values were recorded. All patients also underwent conventional diffusion-weighted imaging, i.e., T1w and T2w imaging. </sec><sec> <title>RESULTS</title> The results showed that the WMF was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (38.8% vs 33.2%, p < 0.001). The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric t-test revealed a significant difference in the mean myelin volume between the test group and the control group (158.66 ± 32.31 vs. 138.29 ± 29.28, p = 0.044). Also, there were no significant differences in the gray matter fraction and intracranial volume between the test group and the control group. </sec><sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> We observed MyC loss in test group using quantitative SyMRI. Thus, myelin loss in MS patients can be quantitatively evaluated using SyMRI. </sec></abstract>

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Adekeye, Adeshina O., Adedamola A. Fafure, Morayo M. Omodele, Lawrence D. Adedayo, Victor O. Ekundina, Damilare A. Adekomi, Ephraim Samuel Jen und Thomas K. Adenowo. „Flavonoid glycoside fraction of Ginkgo biloba extract modulates antioxidants imbalance in vanadium-induced brain damage“. AIMS Neuroscience 10, Nr. 2 (2023): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2023015.

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<abstract> Human and animal diseases have always been reported to be treated by medicinal herbs owing to their constituents. Excess sodium metavanadate is a potential environmental toxin when consumed and could induce oxidative damage leading to various neurological disorders and Parkinsons-like diseases. This study is designed to investigate the impact of the flavonoid Glycoside Fraction of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (GBE) (at 30 mg/kg body weight) on vanadium-treated rats. Animals were divided randomly into four groups: Control (Ctrl, normal saline), Ginkgo Biloba (GIBI, 30mg/kg BWT), Vanadium (VANA, 10 mg/kg BWT) and Vanadium + Ginkgo biloba (VANA + GIBI). Markers of oxidative stress (Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase) were assessed and found to be statistically increased with GIBI when compared with CTRL and treatment groups. Results from routine staining revealed that the control and GIBI group had a normal distribution of cells and a pronounced increase in cell count respectively compared to the VANA group. When compared to the VANA group, the NeuN photomicrographs revealed that the levels of GIBI were within the normal range (***p < 0.001; ** p < 001). The treatment with GIBI showed a better response by increasing the neuronal cells in the VANA+GIBI when compared with the VANA group. The NLRP3 Inflammasome photomicrographs denoted that there was a decrease in NLRP3-positive cells in the control and GIBI groups. The treatment group shows fewer cells compared to that of the VANA group. The treatment group shows fewer cells compared to that of the VANA group. The findings of the study confirmed that ginkgo biloba extract via its flavonoid glycoside fraction has favorable impacts in modulating vanadium-induced brain damage with the potential ability to lower antioxidant levels and reduce neuroinflammation. </abstract>

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Taksokhan, Anita, Jimmy Fraigne und John Peever. „Neuroscience: Glutamate neurons in the medial septum control wakefulness“. Current Biology 31, Nr. 7 (April 2021): R340—R342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.006.

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Kok, Albert. „Cognitive control, motivation and fatigue: A cognitive neuroscience perspective“. Brain and Cognition 160 (Juli 2022): 105880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105880.

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De Raedt, Rudi, Ernst H. W. Koster und Jutta Joormann. „Attentional control in depression: A translational affective neuroscience approach“. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 10, Nr. 1 (März 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/cabn.10.1.1.

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Mulder, Max, Daan M. Pool, Kasper van der El und René (M M) van Paassen. „Neuroscience Perspectives on Adaptive Manual Control with Pursuit Displays“. IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, Nr. 29 (2022): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.249.

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Nemenman, Ilya. „Gain control in molecular information processing: lessons from neuroscience“. Physical Biology 9, Nr. 2 (01.04.2012): 026003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/9/2/026003.

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FENG, JIANFENG, XIAOJIANG CHEN, HENRY C. TUCKWELL und ELENI VASILAKI. „SOME OPTIMAL STOCHASTIC CONTROL PROBLEMS IN NEUROSCIENCE — A REVIEW“. Modern Physics Letters B 18, Nr. 21n22 (30.09.2004): 1067–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984904007542.

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Nervous systems are probability machines and, as such, modeling their activities should incorporate stochastic processes. In this review, we present two examples of optimal stochastic control problems with an analytic methodology on how to find optimal signals. The first example deals with neuronal activity and the second example is concerned with a higher level task: arm movement. In both cases we find optimal signals for particular tasks and find our results in agreement with the experimental Fitts Law.

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Pennisi, E. „Neuroscience: Tilting Against a Major Theory of Movement Control“. Science 272, Nr. 5258 (05.04.1996): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5258.32.

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Grill, Harvey J. „Leptin and the systems neuroscience of meal size control“. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 31, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.10.005.

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Vaughn, Kelly A., Maya R. Greene, Aurora I. Ramos Nuñez und Arturo E. Hernandez. „The importance of neuroscience in understanding bilingual cognitive control“. Cortex 73 (Dezember 2015): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.06.010.

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Yun, Ilhong, Sanghwang Hong und Haesoo Kweon. „Low Self-control and Moderated Mediated Effects of Child Maltreatment on Delinquency“. Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, Nr. 4 (30.12.2022): 185–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.4.185.

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Low self-control theory, one of the most prominent and influential criminological theories, posits that monitoring of child behaviors and discipline of child misbehaviors by parents are the key drivers of instilling self-control in children. The developmental neuroscience literature, however, demonstrates that parental attachment behaviors, or lack thereof (child maltreatment), are causally associated with the development of self-control. In the present study, drawing on the developmental neuroscience literature, we introduce the role that the orienting network in an infant's brain plays in the development of self-control. And then, in order to examine the complex pathways child maltreatment is linked to the two key correlates of delinquency, namely, low self-control and peer delinquency, we examined a mediated moderation as well as a moderated mediation using a South Korean adolescents sample. Results indicate that the indirect association between child maltreatment and delinquency via low self-control is conditioned by the level of peer delinquency.

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Harrison, Neil A., und Hugo D. Critchley. „Affective neuroscience and psychiatry“. British Journal of Psychiatry 191, Nr. 3 (September 2007): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037077.

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SummaryAffective neuroscience addresses the brain mechanisms underlying emotional behaviour. In psychiatry, affective neuroscience finds application not only in understanding the neurobiology of mood disorders, but also by providing a framework for understanding the neural control of interpersonal and social behaviour and processes that underlie psychopathology. By providing a coherent conceptual framework, affective neuroscience is increasingly able to provide a mechanistic explanatory understanding of current therapies and is driving the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

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