Dissertationen: „Control and autonomy“

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Hårding, Vidar. „Control and Autonomy of a Water Quality Measuring Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) : Catfish project - Control and Autonomy“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45118.

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This report is about the implementation of autonomy and control on a water quality measuring unmanned surface vehicle. The project was termed Catﬁsh and involved ﬁve teams focusing on different aspects of the initial goal to create an autonomous three-part system; a surface drone, a submerged drone and ﬂying drone. In this iteration of the Catﬁsh project the focus laid on creating the surface drone and submerged drone as the Catﬁsh project will improve over generations of thesis projects. The author of the report was in the Control and Autonomy team and had been tasked with giving the surface drone the autonomy needed to make this project viable. Existing advances made in autonomy was adopted and tested. With the help of estimation algorithms, and sensor fusion, a ﬂight controller navigates the surface drone between a set of GPS waypoints. It is also able to counteract the external forces wind, waves and stream to keep its position. To reach this autonomy four test phases were conducted on a pre-prototype with progressively increased difﬁcult autonomy starting with manual control and ending in advanced autonomy. When the advanced missions were executed the speed and accuracy of two different thruster conﬁgurations were examined and the best performing out of the two was implemented on the ﬁnal prototype the other teams had designed. The project ended with a fully autonomous system that was able to execute all the navigational maneuvers required to operate autonomous water quality measuring missions.
Den här rapporten handlar om implementationen av autonomi och kontroll på en vattenkvalitetsmätande vattenburen drönare. Projektet ﬁck namnet Catﬁsh och blev indelat i fem teams som fokuserade på olika aspekter av ett 3-delsystem; en vattenburen, en undervattens och en ﬂygande drönare. I denna iteration av Catﬁsh projektet fokuserade medlemmarna på att utveckla den vattenburna och undervattens drönaren då projektet kommer fortsätta utvecklas under kommande generationer av Catﬁsh projektrapporter. Författaren av den här rapporten ingick i ett team som hette "Control and Autonomy" och hade i uppgift att installera en autonom intelligens till den vattenburna drönaren för att göra Catﬁsh prototypen användbar. Beﬁntliga framsteg inom forskningsområdet blev granskade och testade. Genom att använda uppskattningsalgoritmer och "sensor fusion" lyckades en "ﬂight controller" navigera drönaren mellan GPS waypoints och även behålla sin position genom att motverka krafterna från vind, vågor och strömmar. För att uppnå denna nivå av autonomi utför en förprototyp fyra test faser av ökad autonomisk svårhetsgrad. Under uppdraget blev hastigheten och precisionen av två olika motoruppsättningar undersöka och den som presterade bäst blev implementerad på den slutgiltig designen som de andra teamen hade utvecklat. Projektet avslutades med att ett fullt autonomt system blev utvecklat som var kapabel till att utföra alla navigationsmanövrar nödvändiga för att genomföra autonoma vattenkvalitetsmätningsuppdrag.

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Soares, José Francisco Pereira. „Espaço de ação-reflexão-ação com usuários acerca do controle social no SUS“. reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2010. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/3052.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2010.
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O SUS necessita do envolvimento dos usuários nas ações de controle social com vistas a minimizar as fragilidades do sistema. Trabalhadores e gestores partilham da responsabilidade de fortalecer esses sujeitos para o exercício de seus direitos em saúde. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo construir um espaço de ação-reflexãoação com os usuários da rede básica, que permitisse refletir sua condição de autonomia e participação no controle social. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caráter qualitativo, apoiada nos preceitos metodológicos de Paulo Freire, fundamentados na percepção crítica da realidade. Os sujeitos envolvidos foram usuários atendidos por uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Bairro Subuski na Cidade de Santo Ângelo, interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes foram sete usuários do SUS com idades variando entre 17 e 72 anos. O Círculo de Cultura foi desenvolvido entre os meses de fevereiro a abril de 2010. Esta pesquisa foi submetida ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa na Área da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-(CEPAS – FURG), sob o parecer n° 129/2009, permitindo contemplar todos os preceitos éticos que regem a pesquisa com seres humanos. A análise e a interrelação dos dados ocorreu a partir das falas emergidas durante os encontros registrados em áudio e transcritos, emergindo duas categorias: Direitos do usuário: existência ou negação e Participação dos usuários no controle social: possibilidades e impossibilidades. Os usuários expressaram angústias relacionadas ao desrespeito aos seus direitos, afirmando que a falta de informação e de comprometimento ético por parte de trabalhadores de saúde e da gestão local os torna vulneráveis. Em relação a sua participação no controle social, evidenciaram possibilidades e impossibilidades relacionadas à sua falta de credibilidade no sistema político e na gestão local, contribuindo para a fragilidade dos usuários e para a falta de acesso efetivo a seus direitos e à participação democrática. Foi possível evidenciar a necessidade de investir na aplicação de estratégias envolvendo a contribuição de gestores e trabalhadores da saúde na valorização da autonomia dos usuários. Assim, perceber estes sujeitos como co-participes para a melhoria da qualidade do setor, bem como fomentar o exercício da cidadania e da justiça social precisam ser impulsionados de forma a integrar ambientes de atuação e formação profissional, competindo à profissão de enfermagem assumir sua responsabilidade na promoção da saúde e no protagonismo social.
SUS needs the commitment of its users in the actions of social control with the aim to minimize the fragilities of the system. Workers and management share the responsibility of strengthening these individuals to exercise their health rights. The present study aimed to build a space of action-thought-action with the users of public health, which allowed them to reflect their status of autonomy and participation in social control. A study of qualitative feature was developed supported in the methodological concepts of Paulo Freire, reasoned in the critic perception of reality. The individuals involved were users served by a ESF in the Subuski neighbourhood, city of Santo Angelo, in the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. There were seven participants of the SUS aged between 17 and 72 years. The Culture Circle was developed between the months of February and April 2010, shortly after the approval of research by the Committee of Ethics Research in Heathcare under the no. 129/2009, allowing the contemplation of all ethical principles governing research with humans. Analysis and interrelationships of the data was based on the contents and meanings emerged during the meetings, which were recorded in audio and transcribed, enabling their understanding and grouping according to their affinities. From these analyses, two categories emerged: user’s rights, existence or denial; and the user’s participation in social control: possibilities and impossibilities. In relation to the perception of their rights, the users expressed fears related to the failure committed by health workers, claiming that the lack of information and ethical commitment of the workers and management makes them vulnerable. Regarding their participation in the social control, their perception that highlight the possibilities and impossibilities are related to the lack of credibility in the political system and in local management, which enables the fragility of these individuals with no guarantee concerning the effective access to their rights and to the democratic participation. The study shows the need to invest in the application of strategies involving the contribution of managers and healthcare workers in the recovery of users’ autonomy. Considering these individuals as co-participants in order to improve the quality of the sector as well as foster the exercise of citizenship and social justice needs to be improved so as to integrate environments of work and vocational training, giving the nursing profession the chance to take responsibility in the promotion of health and social role.
EL SUS necesita del envolvimiento de los usuarios en las acciones de control social con vistas a minimizar las fragilidades del sistema. Trabajadores y administradores dividen de la responsabilidad de fortalecer estos sujetos para el ejercicio de sus derechos en salud. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir un espacio de acciónreflexión-acción con los usuarios de la red básica, que permitiese reflejar su condición de autonomía y participación en el control social. Se desarrolló un estudio de carácter cualitativo, apoyada en los preceptos metodológicos de Paulo Freire, fundamentados en la percepción crítica de la realidad. Los sujetos envueltos fueron usuarios atendidos por una ESF del Barrio Subuski en la Ciudad de Santo Ângelo, interior del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Los participantes fueron siete usuarios del SUS con edades variando entre 17 y 72 años. El Círculo de Cultura fue desarrollado entre los meses de febrero a abril de 2010, justo después de la aprobación de la investigación por el Comité de ética en Investigación en el Área de la Salud bajo el parecer n° 129/2009, permitiendo contemplar todos los preceptos éticos que rigen la investigación con seres humanos. El análisis y las interrelaciones de los dados se dieron a partir del contenido y sus significados emergidos durante los encuentros registrados en audio y transcritos, viabilizando su entendimiento y agrupación conforme sus afinidades. De estos análisis emergieron dos categorías: derechos del usuario: existencia o negación y participación de los usuarios en el control social: posibilidades e imposibilidades. Acerca de la percepción de sus derechos, los usuarios expresaban angustias relacionadas a la falta de respeto de estos por parte de los trabajadores de la salud, afirmando que la falta de información y de compromiso ético por parte de trabajadores y de la gestión local los vuelve vulnerables. En relación a su participación en el control social, sus percepciones que evidencian posibilidades e imposibilidades se relacionan a la falta de credibilidad en el sistema político y en la gestión local, viabilizando la fragilidad de estos sujetos, sin garantizarles acceso efectivo a sus derechos y la participación democrática. Fue posible evidenciar la necesidad de invertir en la aplicación de estrategias envolviendo la contribución de administradores y trabajadores de la salud en la valorización de la autonomía de los usuarios. Percibir estos sujetos como coparticipes para la mejoría de la calidad del sector, bien como fomentar el ejercicio de la ciudadanía y de la justicia social necesita ser impulsado de forma a integrar ambientes de actuación y formación profesional, compitiendo a la profesión de enfermería asumir su responsabilidad en la promoción de la salud y en el protagonismo social.

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Paphitis, Sharli Anne. „Control and authenticity: reflections on personal autonomy“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002847.

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Currently the most influential accounts of personal autonomy, at least in the Englishspeaking world, focus on providing conditions under which agents can be said to exercise self-control. Two distinct accounts of personal autonomy have emerged in this tradition: firstly, hierarchical models grounded in the work of Harry Frankfurt; and secondly, systems division models most famously articulated by Gary Watson. In this thesis I show the inadequacies of both of these models by exploring the problematic views of the self and self-control underlying each model. I will suggest that the problems faced by these models stem from the fact that they endorse a problematic fragmentation of the self. I suggest that a Nietzschean account of personal autonomy is able to avoid these problems. The Nietzschean account can largely, I show, be drawn from Nietzsche’s understanding of both the ‘man of ressentiment’ and his opposite, the sovereign individual. On this picture wholeness of self – rather than fragmentation of the self – is required in order for us to be most fully autonomous. Furthermore, this wholeness of self requires the kind of integrity which is opposed to the problematic fragmentation endorsed by Frankfurt and Watson.

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Zhang, Hancheng. „SYNTHESIZING COOPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL WITH SHARED AUTONOMY“. OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2542.

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In this thesis, we present research on synthesizing autonomous driving with shared autonomy using Unity Engine. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is considered as level 1 autonomous vehicle, which has been studied by academia and commercialized by industry. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) system is an expansion of ACC, in which communication is set up between members to share driving information. Shared autonomy is a subject about human-computer interactivities. In our research, we developed a highly customizable 3D environment. We can simulate various driving scenarios and analyze the performance of different driving methods from human driving to CACC. The result of simulation proves the safety and efficiency of CACC, and the project also provides a potential of assisting the improvement of autonomous vehicles.

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Fleder, Michael (Michael S. ). „Affordance-based control of a variable-autonomy telerobot“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85221.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. "September 2012."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-38).
Most robot platforms operate in one of two modes: full autonomy, usually in the lab; or low-level teleoperation, usually in the field. Full autonomy is currently realizable only in narrow domains of robotics-like mapping an environment. Tedious teleoperation/joystick control is typical in military applications, like complex manipulation and navigation with bomb-disposal robots. This thesis describes a robot "surrogate" with an intermediate and variable level of autonomy. The robot surrogate accomplishes manipulation tasks by taking guidance and planning suggestions from a human "supervisor." The surrogate does not engage in high-level reasoning, but only in intermediate-level planning and low-level control. The human supervisor supplies the high-level reasoning and some intermediate control-leaving execution details for the surrogate. The supervisor supplies world knowledge and planning suggestions by "drawing" on a 3D view of the world constructed from sensor data. The surrogate conveys its own model of the world to the supervisor, to enable mental-model sharing between supervisor and surrogate. The contributions of this thesis include: (1) A novel partitioning of the manipulation task load between supervisor and surrogate, which side-steps problems in autonomous robotics by replacing them with problems in interfaces, perception, planning, control, and human-robot trust; and (2) The algorithms and software designed and built for mental model-sharing and supervisor-assisted manipulation. Using this system, we are able to command the PR2 to manipulate simple objects incorporating either a single revolute or prismatic joint.
by Michael Fleder.
M. Eng.

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Wikman, Thomas Stig. „Reflex control for robot system preservation, reliability, and autonomy“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057936323.

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Andersson, Tobias. „Increased Autonomy for Construction Equipment using Laser“. Thesis, Linköping University, Automatic Control, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59910.

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At working sites all around monotonic tasks are performed. If one were able

to automatize these kinds of tasks there would be a large economical proﬁt to

collect. Volvo CE are in the process of developing an autonomous wheel loader,

to perform these types of monotonic, uniform tasks. The project is intended to

be performed mainly be thesis workers. This report is the eighth thesis in this

project. Earlier work has made the loader able to see a pile using a laser scanner.

The machine can also see and ﬁll a hauler. The usage of the laser scanner can

only be made while the loader is standing still. The aim of this thesis work has

been to make the loader able to scan its environment while it is moving. To do

this an inertial measurement unit has been used for keeping track of the scanners

orientation during a scan. The work of this thesis has resulted in a working set-up

on the machine, and a robust framework for future work.

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Matthews, Warren E. „Civil-military relations in Thailand : military autonomy or civilian control? /“. Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FMatthews.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Aurel Croissant, Brian Swanland. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-88). Also available online.

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Hanna, Barbara Anne, und kimg@deakin edu au. „The intersection of autonomy and social control: Negotiating teenage motherhood“. Deakin University. School of Nursing, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031124.175225.

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Contrary to popular belief, teenage mothers are a declining proportion of birthing women; however they receive much negative public attention. Of particular public concern is the high cost of supporting teenage mothers, in terms of financial, health and welfare resources. Historically, the typical founding mother of white Australia was single, but post-war changes in the family structure incorporated the expectation that children be born into two-parent households with the male as the breadwinner. Policy changes in the seventies saw the introduction of the Sole Parents Pension which meant that many birthing teenage women could choose to keep their infants rather than have a clandestine adoption or an enforced marriage. The parenting practices of teenage mothers have been criticised for being less than optimal, and mother and child are reported as being disadvantaged cognitively, psychosocially, and educationally. One widespread nursing service which provides support for new mothers in Victoria is the Maternal and Child Health Service; however, teenage mothers appear reluctant to use such services. Why this should be so became an important question for this research, since little is known about the parenting practices of teenage mothers. This study therefore sought to explore mothering from the perspective of five sole supporting teenage mothers each of whom had a child over six months of age. The research methodology took an interpretive ethnographic approach and was guided by feminist principles. The data were collected through repeated interviewing, participant observation, informal discussions with key informants, field notes and journalling. Data analysis was aided by the use of the software, program NUD-IST. It was found that the young women in this study each chose to give birth with full realisation that their existence was dependent on the Welfare State. Unanticipated, however, were the many structural barriers which made their lives cataclysmic, but these reinforced their determination to prove themselves worthy and capable mothers. The young women negotiated motherhood through a range of social supports and through maternal practice. Unquestionably, their social dependency on the welfare system forced them into marginal citizen status. Moreover, absolute and intrinsic poverty levels were experienced, brought about by inadequate welfare payments. Formal support agencies, such as the Maternal and Child Health nurses were rarely approached to provide childrearing support beyond the initial months following birthing, since the teenagers' basic needs such as shelter, food and clothing took precedence over their parenting needs. Additionally, some nurses were perceived to hold judgmental attitudes towards teenage mothers. It was far easier to forestall confrontation with nurses and the other 'older' women clientele by avoiding them. Thus XI they turned to charitable agencies who provided a safety net in the form of emergency supplies of money, food, or equipment. Informal networks of friends provided alternative modes of support when family help failed to materialise. The children, however, provided the young women with an opportunity to transform their lives by breaking free of the past, and by creating a new, mature existence for themselves. Despite being abandoned by family, friends, lovers and society, in the privacy and isolation of their own homes, they attempted to provide a more nurturing environment for their children than they themselves had received. Each bestowed unconditional maternal love on the child and were rewarded through the pleasures of watching their children grow and develop into worthwhile individuals. The children became the focus of their attention and their reason for living. In the course of their welfare dependency, the young women became public property, targets of surveillance, and were subjected to stigmatising and condescending public attitudes wherever they went. In this way, it was evident that they were an oppressed group, but each found ways of resisting. Rather than focussing on their oppressive or disabling lives, or dwelling on their disadvantaged status, the young women sought their identities as mature women through motherhood and by demonstrating that they could do this important job well. Through motherhood their lives had meaning and a sense of purpose. The thesis concludes that motherhood in the teenage years is difficult. However, if appropriate supports are made available, teenage mothers need be no different from non-teenage mothers. But with state resources shrinking, and their own resources limited, teenage mothers are disadvantaged. In some ways, this study showed that all levels of support were inadequate, although those provided through the charitable organizations were seen to be the most appropriate. This reflects the current policy of economic rationalism adopted by most Western liberal democracies in the 1980s and 1990s and no less by the former Keating Labor Government in Australia.

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Ponto, Maria Teresa. „Locus of control, an exploration of the nursing students' views on control, autonomy and satisfaction“. Thesis, London South Bank University, 2004. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20733/.

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This thesis examined the meanings of student nurses' Locus of Control, satisfaction, a utonomy and professional accountability. The thesis a Iso assessed whether perceptions of these concepts change during the time on a nursing course. The participants were 170 nursing (non graduate and graduate) students from 4 different groups studying for Diploma in Nursing. In Phase 1, all participants completed LOC and Satisfaction Questionnaires. In Phase 2, 11 participants from graduate group were interviewed at the beginning and the end of their course, 2 years later. The qualitative data were analysed usmg Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Findings from Phase 1 demonstrated that students in this sample were more 'externally' rated when compared with other student populations (LOC mean 13.2 SD 3.85) but became more 'internally' rated towards the end of the course. Satisfaction data showed that the students were more satisfied at the beginning of the course and became progressively less satisfied the longer they were 0 n the course. This was demonstrated by a significant negative correlation between External Locus of Control and satisfaction. The findings revealed gender difference in LOC scores, with males scoring lower on the LOC scale, thus being more 'internally' rated than females. Findings from Phase 2 showed that the LOC mean for the interviewed group was higher a t the beginning 0 f the course, decreasing at the end of the course, thus demonstrating the shift towards internality. The qualitative data reflected this shift particularly in the statements from the second interviews. The analysis of the LOC concept showed marked differences between statements of 'internally' and 'externally' rated students. These differences were observed in relation to all studied concepts. Those rated 'internal', were more focused and more definite in their explanations and also linked control to independent decision-making. Different explanations of control were offered from seeing it as 'power' and 'knowledge' to perceiving it as an 'ability to determine the outcomes of events'. Some 'externally' rated students commented on the 'hierarchy in nursing' and some saw themselves at the bottom of this hierarchy. This research also found that autonomy and professional accountability were perceived as one and the same by many students. Autonomy was strongly linked with control and expressed in similar terms and all the students in the interview sample considered it important to have personal and professional autonomy

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Hoffmann, Gabriel M. „Autonomy for sensor-rich vehicles : interaction between sensing and control actions /“. May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Claesson, Erik, und Johan Kinlund. „Koordinering i organisationer med hög autonomi : en fallstudie av behov för att koordinera effektivt i en liten organisation“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148666.

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Det blir allt viktigare för organisationer att vara mer flexibla och anpassningsbara då marknaden idag blir allt mer snabbförändlig. En pusselbit i att uppnå detta är att vara en organisation med hög grad av autonomi, vilket bland annat betyder att anställda får större arbetsfrihet inom organisationen. En annan pusselbit är att organisationens interna verksamhet och de aktiviteter som utförs fungerar väl, vilket då skapar behov av effektiv koordinering. Utifrån detta såg vi möjligheter att bidra med en studie som undersöker autonomi och koordinering tillsammans utifrån ett internt perspektiv. Studiens syfte är därför att undersöka vilka behov som finns för att koordinera effektivt i olika situationer inom en organisation med hög autonomi. Studien har inkluderat en mindre organisation som fallföretag, Sankt Kors. Ett fastighetsbolag med cirka 25 stycken anställda och med verksamhet i Linköpings kommun. I början av studien gjordes en litteraturstudie som även gav upphov till studiens analysmodell. Från litteraturstudien fick vi bland annat med oss att hög autonomi i en organisation behöver kompletteras med kontroll för att undvika förluster inom koordinering. Det råder delade meningar mellan olika författare huruvida det går att balansera autonomi och kontroll och om balansen i så fall kan variera i olika situationer. En situation kan innefattas av olika aktiviteter och det är att hantera beroenden mellan olika aktiviteter som innebär att koordinera. Utifrån vilket beroende som finns kan olika typer av koordinering vara passande. Vi har även sett olika möjligheter att kategorisera dessa beroenden och att det finns både specifika och allmänna koordineringsprocesser för att hantera dem. De viktigaste är kommunikation samt samarbete och samverkan. Analysmodellen användes som underlag för att skapa en intervjuguide till de 15 stycken intervjuer som genomfördes med anställda på Sankt Kors. Genom att analysera insamlad teori med den empiriska data som intervjuerna givit kunde vi nå fram till studiens slutsatser. Vi har bland annat kunnat visa att graden av autonomi och kontroll varierar i olika situationer som uppstod på Sankt Kors och att det gick att kombinera autonomi och kontroll på olika sätt. Olika situationer skapade olika behov för hur autonomi och kontroll bör balanseras, detta för att uppnå en effektiv koordinering. I vissa situationer fanns behov mer kontroll, både för att upptäcka behov för koordinering samt att kunna koordinera effektivt. Samtidigt såg vi att det i situationer med låg autonomi och hög kontroll är viktigt att motivera för anställda varför kontroll behövs. Studien påvisade även att det finns behov av att anställda grupperar sig tydligare och striktare i vissa situationer för att få till stånd en mer effektiv koordinering.
The market is changing more rapidly than ever and due to that it is important for organizations to be adaptable and flexible. High autonomy in organizations is one way to achieve such thing, which involves giving employees a greater work freedom. Another is to make sure internal activities work well, which is achieved by an effective coordination. Together with limited studies of autonomy and coordination together in an internal context, we’ve realized a need for this study. The purpose is therefore to investigate what needs there are to be able to coordinate more effectively in an organization with high autonomy. The case study was conducted at Sankt Kors, a real estate company in Linköping with approximately 25 employees. A framework to further analyze was created based on the frame of reference, which covered the areas autonomy and coordination. From the academic literature we recognized that autonomy needs to be complemented with control to avoid losses in coordination. We could not find a consensus regarding how to manage and achieve the right balance between autonomy and control, and if the balance varies regarding the situation. A situation could consist of one or many activities and most often there are dependencies between different activities. Coordination is to manage these dependencies, and the most effective way to do it varies. The academic literature also gave information in how to categorize these kinds of dependencies and that there are both processes for managing specific dependencies and more general processes for managing different dependencies. The most important general processes are communication, cooperation and collaboration. The framework was used as a basis to create questions used in our interviews with 15 employees at Sankt Kors. The framework was further used to analyze empirical data and the frame of reference in order to answer the purpose of this study. We’ve for example found that the level of autonomy and control can vary in different situations and that it is possible to achieve a balance between them. These different situations create different needs on how to manage the balance, which is important to consider in order to have an effective coordination. In a more general matter, more control in some situations seems to be desirable in organizations with high autonomy. More control can help to discover dependencies between activities and to coordinate more effectively. Although, it is not possible to only ad control in situation with low autonomy without being able to describe and motivate for employees why control is used. The study also showed a need to in some situations organize in groups, in order to coordinate effectively.

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Guo, Yi. „Connected and Automated Traffic Control at Signalized Intersections under Mixed-autonomy Environments“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613752599541812.

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Hun, Jessica Li En. „Balancing central control and provincial autonomy in Deng Xiaoping's China 1978-1997“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496712.

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Orchard, Rieiro Ximena. „The mediatization of Chilean political elites : dynamics of adaptation, autonomy and control“. Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11524/.

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This thesis explores the relationship between Chilean political elites and the news media with the aim of better understanding how political elites in Chile have adapted to the process of mediatization of politics. Theoretically grounded within an institutionalist understanding of mediatization processes, this thesis uses a qualitative research strategy to identify the main drivers of mediatization among Chilean political elites, the operational logics structuring politicians’ and journalists’ interactions, and the dynamics of autonomy-control in the relationship between political and media actors. Findings are derived from analysis of sixty semi-structured interviews with politicians, including current and former Cabinet Ministers, parliamentarians and political party leaders, press officers working with politicians, and journalists with experience covering politics in national media outlets. This thesis identifies the core elements of a centralist, elitist and market-grounded political communication culture comprised of political and media actors that engage in routine and frequent exchanges. In doing so, it identifies cultural and structural elements moderating the process of mediatization. Additionally, this study critically examines political elites’ understandings of news media logics, including dynamics of resistance and instrumental adoption of media languages, temporalities, and routines. This is reinforced by power inequalities in the politician-journalist relationship, organisational constraints, and a strong insider culture acting against the development of journalistic autonomy. Overall, this study puts forward the idea that while the mediatization of political actors suggests constraints on political elites’ behaviour, it should not necessarily be equated with loss of autonomy in the political sphere. Additionally, it advances a multi-level approach to mediatization research that enables observation of conflicting patterns of power relations between political elites and the news media, stressing how mediatization processes are open to multiple normative outcomes. Key words: mediatization of politics, political elites, institutional logics, Chile, qualitative research.

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Fejzić, Amer. „Development of control and autonomy algorithms for docking to complex tumbling satellites“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46369.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
MIT Institute Archives copy: with DVD; divisional library copy with no DVD.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-173).
The capability of automated rendezvous and docking is a key enabling technology for many government and commercial space programs. Future space systems will employ a high level of autonomy to acquire, repair, refuel, and reconfigure satellites. Several programs have demonstrated a subset of the necessary autonomous docking technology; however, none has demonstrated online path planning in-space necessary for safe automated docking. Particularly, when a docking mission is sent to service an uncooperative spacecraft that is freely tumbling. In order to safely maneuver about an uncontrolled satellite, an online trajectory planning algorithm with obstacle avoidance employed in a GN&C architecture is necessary. The main research contributions of this thesis is the development of an efficient sub-optimal path planning algorithm coupled with an optimal feedback control law to successfully execute safe maneuvers for docking to tumbling satellites. First, an autonomous GN&C architecture is presented that divides the docking mission into four phases, each uniquely using the algorithms within to perform their objectives. For reasons of safety and fuel efficiency, a new sub-optimal spline-based trajectory planning algorithm with obstacle avoidance of the uncooperative spacecraft is presented. This algorithm is shown to be computationally efficient and computes desirable trajectories to a complex moving docking port of the tumbling spacecraft. As a realistic space system includes external disturbances and noises in sensor measurement and control actuation, a closed-loop form of control is necessary to maneuver the spacecraft. Therefore, several optimal feedback control laws are developed to track a trajectory provided by the path planner. Performance requirements for the tracking controllers are defined for the case of two spacecraft docking. With these requirements, the selection of a controller is narrowed down to a phase-plane switching between LQR and servo-LQR control laws.
(cont.) The autonomous GN&C architecture with the spline-based path planning algorithm and phase-plane controller is validated with simulations and hardware experiments using the Synchronized Position Hold Engage and Reorient Satellites (SPHERES) testbed aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Utilizing the unique space environment provided by the ISS, the experiment is the first in-space demonstration of an online path planning algorithm. Both the flight and simulation tests successfully validated the capabilities of the autonomous control system to dock to a complex tumbling satellite. The contributions in this thesis advance and validate a GN&C architecture that builds on a legacy in autonomous docking of spacecraft.
by Amer Fejzić.
S.M.

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Paulsrud, David. „Teacher autonomy in Sweden and Finland : Investigating decision-making and control comparatively“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-356793.

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This thesis aims to investigate and compare Swedish and Finnish teachers´ perceived autonomy through a quantitative analysis of the empirical data from a survey conducted within the research project Teacher autonomy in Sweden, Finland, Ireland and Germany (Wermke & Salokangas, 2018). Within the project, the concept teacher autonomy is viewed as multidimensional and highly dependent upon national context, why an analytical device has been constructed in order to investigate teachers´ perceived autonomy comparatively. Based on conceptual research, the device comprises four domains of teachers´ work where autonomy can be exercised (educational, social, developmental and administrational), and three different levels of autonomy (classroom, school, profession). In this thesis, the analytical device is used to compare the perceived autonomy of the Swedish and Finnish teachers participating in the survey. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is Richard M Ingersoll´s research on power distribution in schools, and the construction of the survey is based upon his operationalization of teacher autonomy as teachers´ influence over important decisions that affect their work, and how teachers´ decisions are evaluated and controlled. The results indicates that both Swedish and Finnish teachers are autonomous when it comes to educational issues, but that Finnish teachers are more individually oriented and experience more control from parents, whereas Swedish teachers seem to make more decisions collegially and perceive themselves as more controlled by colleagues and the school management. Moreover, the answers from the respondents suggested that Finnish teachers have more influence over their continuous professional development, while Swedish teachers are responsible for administrative decisions to a higher extent. In order to interpret and discuss the results they are related to different characteristics of the respective national contexts.

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Kurt, Arda. „Hybrid-State System Modelling for Control, Estimation and Prediction in Vehicular Autonomy“. The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1325181635.

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Hardin, Benjamin C. „On Autonomous Multi-agent Control in Wilderness Search and Rescue: A Mixed Initiative Approach“. Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2589.pdf.

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Koai, Kuang-Wu. „Television regulation in Taiwan, 1962-1995 : state control, media autonomy and regime transition“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244801.

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Rypkema, Nicholas Rahardiyan. „Distributed autonomy and formation control of a drifting swarm of autonomous underwater vehicles“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101474.

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Thesis: S.M., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 163-168).
Recent advances in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technology have led to their wide- spread acceptance and adoption for use in scientific, commercial, and defence applications in the underwater domain. At the same time, research progress in swarm robotics has seen swarm intelligence algorithms in use with greater eect on real-world robots in the field. A group of AUVs utilizing swarm intelligence concepts has the potential to address issues more effectively than a single AUV, and such a group can potentially open up new areas of application. Examples include the monitoring and tracking of highly dynamic oceanographic phenomena such as phytoplankton blooms and the use of an AUV swarm as a virtual acoustic receiver for sea-bottom seismic surveying or the monitoring of naturally occurring acoustic radiation from cracking ice. However, the limitations of the undersea environment places unique constraints on the use of existing swarm robotics approaches with AUVs. In particular, algorithms must be distributed and robust in the face of localization error and degraded communications. This work presents an investigation into one particular swarm strategy for a group of AUVs, termed formation control, with consideration to the constraints of the underwater domain. Four formation control algorithms, each developed and tested within the MOOS-IvP framework, are presented. In addition, a 'formation quality' metric is introduced. This metric is used in conjunction with a measure of formation energy expenditure to compare the efficacy of each behaviour during construction of a desired formation, and formation maintenance while it drifts in ocean currents. This metric is also used to compare robustness of each algorithm in the presence of vehicle failure and changing communication rate.
by Nicholas Rahardiyan Rypkema.
S.M.

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Bird, John Paul. „Mixed Modes of Autonomy for Scalable Communication and Control of Multi-Robot Systems“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29218.

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Multi-robot systems (MRS) offer many performance benefits over single robots for tasks that can be completed by one robot. They offer potential redundancies to the system to improve robustness and allow tasks to be completed in parallel. These benefits, however, can be quickly offset by losses in productivity from diminishing returns caused by interference between robots and communication problems. This dissertation developed and evaluated MRS control architectures to solve the dynamic multi-robot autonomous routing problem. Dynamic multi-robot autonomous routing requires robots to complete a trip from their initial location at the time of task allocation to an assigned destination. The primary concern for the control architectures was how well the communication requirements and overall system performance scaled as the number of robots in the MRS got larger. The primary metrics for evaluation of the controller were the effective robot usage rate and the bandwidth usage. This dissertation evaluated several different approaches to solving dynamic multi-robot autonomous routing. The first three methods were based off of common MRS coordination approaches from previous research. These three control architectures with distributed control without communication (a swarm-like method), distributed control with communication, and centralized control. An additional architecture was developed to solve the problem in a way that scales better as the number of robots increase. This architecture, mixed mode autonomy, combines the strengths of distributed control with communication and centralized control. Like distributed control with communication, mixed mode autonomyâ s performance degrades gracefully with communication failures and is not dependent on a single controller. Like centralized control, there is oversight from a central controller to ensure repeatable high performance of the system. Each of the controllers other than distributed control without communication is based on building world models to facilitate coordination of the routes. A second variant of mixed mode autonomy was developed to allow robots to share parts of their world models with their peers when their models were incomplete or outdated. The system performance was evaluated for three example applications that represent different cases of dynamic multi-robot autonomous routing. These example applications were the automation of open pit mines, container terminals, and warehouses. The effective robot usage rates for mixed mode autonomy were generally significantly higher than the other controllers with a higher numbers of robots. The bandwidth usage was also much lower. These performance trends were also observed across a wide range of operating conditions for dynamic multi-robot autonomous routing. The original contributions from this work were the development of a new MRS control architecture, development of system model for the dynamic multi-robot autonomous routing problem, and identification of the tradeoffs for MRS design for the dynamic multi-robot autonomous routing problem.
Ph. D.

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Yantha, Zachary. „The Recommendation for Learners to Be Provided with Control Over Their Feedback Schedule Is Questioned In a Self-Controlled Learning Paradigm“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39814.

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Researchers have shown that learners who self-control (SC) their knowledge of results (KR) schedule learn the task more effectively than yoked learners. A common recommendation from these results is that learners should be provided choice over their KR schedule, rather than at a coaches' discretion (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016). No research to date has compared SC learners to a group that more closely mimics receiving KR from a coach, thus challenging whether such a recommendation can be made. To this end, three groups learned a golf putting task; an SC group, a traditional yoked group (TY), and a group who were led to believe that their KR schedule was being controlled by a golf coach (perceived coach-controlled yoked group; PCC). Participants (N = 60) completed three phases; pre-test, acquisition, and two 24-hr delayed post-tests (retention/transfer). All groups lowered their mean radial error (MRE) and bivariate variable error (BVE) throughout acquisition. As hypothesized, the SC group (M = 40.10) had lower adjusted MRE compared to the TY group (M = 43.12) during the post-tests, yet, the PCC group had the lowest adjusted MRE (M = 36.61). These differences, however, were not statistically significant, F(2, 54) = 2.81, p = .069. BVE did not display the same pattern as MRE during the post-test as group means were clustered together, F(2, 57) = 0.38, p = .963. Results from a questionnaire indicated that both yoked groups showed moderate ratings for receiving KR on a desired schedule, as well as preferring KR on good trials, or good and bad trials equally. Taken together, these results call into question the recommendation for practitioners to give choice to a learner over KR scheduling.

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Hajin, Mona. „Seeking Personal Autonomy Through the Use of Facebook in Iran“. Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89767.

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In Iran, where males and females are kept separated in different spheres, Facebook may be used as an opportunity to bridge this gap between the genders. However, this study showed that Facebook, as a nonymous platform in which people are in contact with their already-made social ties, didn’t seem to be liberating from the existing norms and rules within society. Facebook was a stage that became restricted with the involvement of social ties. The study’s analysis of interviews with six young Iranians showed that social meanings and norms of self-presentation on Facebook are defined to a large degree in terms of gender. The informants used a variety of strategies when presenting themselves on Facebook. They used Facebook simply for gaining personal autonomy. Strategies were adopted especially when one’s personal and community needs were in conflict. Efforts made to apply strategies were gendered and were used mainly by females. Males conformed to and women resisted societal norms and expectations.

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Persson, Per-Arne. „Bringing power and knowledge together : information systems design for autonomy and control in command work“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, MDALAB - Human Computer Interfaces, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4926.

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THIS THESIS PRESENTS an empirical ethnographic study that has been conducted as fieldwork within army command organizations, leading to a qualitative analysis of data. The title of the thesis captures the contents of both command work and research, both domains being affected by new technologies during a period of drastic changes in the military institution. The overriding research question was why efforts to implement modern information technology are so slow, costly, and why the contribution from the output as regards higher control efficiency is so uncertain. Two cases will be described and analysed. One is a meeting and the other is the development of a computer artefact. Based on these two cases, the study suggests that social value and not only rational control efficiency defines what is applied, both in the development process and in practice. Knowledge and power, expertise and authority, represented by experts and formal leaders have to be brought together if the work is to be efficient. Both knowledge from research and information technology will be rejected, if considered irrelevant. I have called this applying a rationality of practice. From the case analysis it can be said that command work is not ordinary managerial work. Rather, it is a kind of design work, dynamic and hard to define and control. Command work is knowledge-intensive; it designs and produces symbols. Therefore it is very flexible and involves interpretation and negotiation of both its content and products. The most important symbol is the Army, which must be visible and credible, built from real components. Command work is pragmatic and opportunistic, conducted by experts in the modern military command structure who transform the operational environment, and control it through controlling actions. In that respect autonomy, a prerequisite to meet evolving events—frictions—and power become core issues, interchangeable goals and means for flexible social control, in cybernetic terms variety. Key concepts are social value, function and visibility. Actors must be visible in the command work, and make work visible. Consequently, when designing control tools, such as information systems, the design challenge is to reconcile dynamic and pragmatic demands for power, autonomy and control with demands for stability. Such an organization becomes a viable system, one that can survive, because there is no conflict between its mind and physical resources. In operational terms, this means having freedom of action. The prerequisite to achieve this is one perspective on knowledge and information and that information systems match the needs growing from within the work because work builds the organization.

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Bockel, Christina. „The franchise paradox : an analysis of control, consent and autonomy in franchise relationships in Germany“. Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444503.

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Dorestani, Alireza. „Transfer price and equilibrium in multidivisional firms : an examination of divisional autonomy and central control /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052170.

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Zetocha, Paul. „COMMAND AND CONTROL OF A CLUSTER OF SATELLITES“. International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605333.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
There is an increasing desire in many organizations, including NASA and the DoD, to use constellations or fleets of autonomous spacecraft working together to accomplish complex mission objectives. At the Air Force Research Laboratory’s (AFRL) Space Vehicles Directorate we are investigating and developing architectures for commanding and controlling a cluster of cooperating satellites. For many space missions, large monolithic satellites are required to meet mission requirements. In many cases this results in costly satellites which are more complex, more susceptible to failure, and which have performance characteristics that are less than optimal due to realistic physical size limitations. Recently various organizations have begun to explore how distributed clusters of cooperating satellites can replace their larger monolithic counterparts resulting in an overall cost reduction, enhanced mission performance, and increased system fault tolerance. Large clusters of satellites flying in formation are required to have some level of on-board autonomy in order to: fly within specified tolerance levels; perform collision avoidance; address fault detection, isolation, and resolution (FDIR); share knowledge; and plan and schedule activities. In addition, from an operations standpoint, commanding and controlling a large cluster of satellites can be very burdensome for ground operators. At AFRL we are addressing these issues by development of an on-board Cluster Management system which will, in essence, provide the capability to treat a cluster of satellites as a single virtual satellite. A systems level approach is being taken, therefore from a ground perspective the ground control station must also be able to treat the cluster as a virtual satellite. [1] This paper will describe our Cluster Management system, which is the intelligent entity that is responsible for making cluster level decisions and which enables the satellite cluster to function as a virtual satellite. The cluster manager functionality can be broken down into the following five areas: • Command and control • Cluster data management • Formation flying • Fault management • On-board Planning This paper will contain a detailed description of the Cluster Manager architecture along with its various modules.

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Branhammar, Elin, und Angelica Edström. „Social Work with Street Children in Iringa, Tanzania : Challenges and Possibilities“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23768.

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There is a large number of children living or spending most of their day on the street. The situation for those children is harsh since they for example do not get their basic needs met. Several organizations’ work includes interventions towards street children in their programmes, but the amount still increases every year. The aim with this study is to examine and explore which challenges the OVC-program face when working with street children, and how these challenges are addressed in their daily work. A qualitative approach was chosen where observations and interviews with personnel were conducted at the OVC- program in Iringa, Tanzania. The result shows that it is hard to know if the program’s goal – to reduce the number of street children in Iringa region – is reached as it is newly implemented. However, the program’s evaluation shows a positive trend. Focus in the work to fulfil the goal is primary the personnel’s attitudes towards the children. The result also shows that an empowerment- based approach is used in the daily work. By combining control and participation the possibility to help the street children to achieve autonomy increases. One challenge in the work is that this control limits the freedom on the street that the children desire. Consequently the relation between control and participation is important to create a successful intervention.
Det finns ett stort antal barn som lever eller spenderar merparten av sin dag på gatan. Situationen för dessa barn är svår, bland annat då deras basala behov inte blir tillgodosedda. Trots att många organisationer arbetar med interventioner riktade mot gatubarn ökar antalet varje år. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och utforska vilka utmaningar OVC-programmet möter i arbetet med gatubarn, samt på vilket sätt dessa utmaningar hanteras i den dagliga verksamheten. En kvalitativ ansats har valts för att besvara studiens syfte, där observationer och intervjuer med personal har genomförts på OVC-programmet i Iringa, Tanzania. Resultatet visar att programmets mål, att reducera antalet gatubarn i Iringaregionen, i dagsläget är svårt att uttala sig om då det nyligen är implementerat. Dock visar programmets utvärdering på en positiv utveckling. I arbetet mot att nå målet ligger fokus främst på personalens bemötande gentemot barnen. Resultatet visar även att ett empowermentbaserat arbetssätt tillämpas i den dagliga verksamheten. Genom att kombinera kontroll och medbestämmande skapas möjligheten att hjälpa gatubarnen till ett autonomt liv. En av utmaningarna i arbetet är att denna kontroll begränsar barnens frihet som de upplever och värdesätter på gatan. Därmed är relationen mellan kontroll och medbestämmande viktig för att skapa en lyckad intervention.

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Bjelke, Junia, und Alexandra Ong. „Ledares balansering av autonomi och kontroll för att uppnå en kreativ arbetsmiljö : En kvalitativ studie“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29268.

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Bakgrund och Syfte: Tidigare forskning har visat att autonomi är viktigt för att medarbetare ska kunna känna sig kreativa på sin arbetsplats. Samtidigt vill medarbetare känna sig kontrollerade till viss del för att inte känna sig övergivna. Det krävs därför att ledningen försöker balansera dessa två motsatta kraftfält. Syftet med denna studie är således att få förståelse för hur ledare balanserar autonomi och kontroll för att uppnå en kreativ arbetsmiljö. Metod: Studien präglas av en hermeneutisk forskningstradition och har ett abduktivt tankesätt. Vidare har studien en kvalitativ ansats där nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes i olika branscher i Sverige. Strukturen i den teoretiska referensram, empirin och analysen är uppbyggd på samma sätt, med teman som skapades utifrån syftet. Resultat & slutsats: Denna studie tyder på att en balansering av hög autonomi och låg kontroll är den styrning som gynnar en kreativ arbetsmiljö mest. Förtroende mellan ledning och medarbetare visade sig också vara av stor vikt vid balanseringen av autonomi och kontroll. Examensarbetets bidrag: Från ett teoretiskt perspektiv bidrar denna studie med att balanseringen mellan autonomi och kontroll även påverkas av förtroende. Detta utgör således en tredje variabel som ledare måste ta hänsyn till. Om man sedan ser det ur ett praktiskt perspektiv ger vi rådet att fundera på vilka avsikterna med sin styrning är. Det som dock framkommer i denna studie är att om man vill skapa en kreativ arbetsmiljö bör man balansera sin styrning med hjälp av hög autonomi och låg kontroll. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Fler kvalitativa studier som belyser hur ledare balanserar autonomi och kontroll för att uppnå en kreativ arbetsmiljö behövs för att ge en djupare förståelse. Vidare anser vi att framtida forskning bör fokusera på den tredje variabeln, förtroende, som vi fann vara viktig i balanseringen. En intressant synvinkel är också hur medarbetarna upplever att förtroende påverkar deras arbete med koppling till autonomi och kontroll.
Background and Aim: Previous research has shown that autonomy is important for employees to be able to feel creative at their workplace. Employees want to feel controlled to some extent so they not feel abandoned. It is therefore required that the management tries to balance these two opposing force fields. The purpose of this study is thus to gain an understanding of how leaders balance autonomy and control in order to achieve a creative work environment. Method: The study is characterized by a hermeneutical research tradition and has an abductive mindset. Furthermore, the study has a qualitative approach in which nine semi structured interviews were conducted in different sectors in Sweden. The structure of the theoretical frame of reference, empirical and the analysis is structured in the same way, with themes created from the purpose. Result & Conclusions: This study suggests that balancing high autonomy and low control is the guiding that favors a creative work environment the most. Confidence between management and employees also proved to be of great importance when balancing autonomy and control. Contribution of the thesis: From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes to the fact that the balance between autonomy and control is also influenced by trust. This therefore constitutes a third variable that leaders must take into account. If we then see it from a practical perspective, we advise the council to think about what the intentions of their management are. However, what emerges from this study is that if you want to create a creative work environment, you should balance your guiding with the help of high autonomy and low control. Suggestions for future research: More qualitative studies that illustrate how leaders balance autonomy and control to achieve a creative work environment is needed to provide a deeper understanding. Furthermore, we believe that future research should focus on the third variable, trust, which we found important in balancing. An interesting point of view is also how employees feel that trust affects their work with connection to autonomy and control.

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Luo, Ting. „Village economic autonomy and authoritarian control over village elections in China : evidence from rural Guangdong Province“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/991/.

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This thesis investigates the effects of village economic wealth and economic autonomy on the authoritarian control of local government over village elections in China. With new data - qualitative evidence and quantitative data collected from the extensive fieldtrips to a county in Guangdong Province, this study finds that given that village elections operate within China’s one party authoritarian regime and the official purpose of the elections is to solve the grassroots governance crisis, local government have the incentive to control the elections in their favour, that is, to have incumbents and/or party members elected. Using the election of party members to the village committee chairman position and the re-election of incumbent chairmen as proxies for the inclusiveness and contestation dimensions of village elections, this study demonstrates that collective village wealth triggers fierce electoral competition, as collective village wealth represents the lucrative benefits candidates can obtain from holding the office. However, the success of authoritarian control hinges on village economic autonomy - the opportunities for economic development beyond the control of local government. If economic resources are controlled by local government, economic development might strengthen the capacity of local government to control the elections in their favour. Even if opponents win the elections, they are inclined to be co-opted by the local government - becoming party members, because their economic gain and maintenance of power are affected by the authoritarian local government control over economic resources. In most villages in the sample, authoritarian control prevails in village elections. The findings of this thesis suggest that until now the elections have been maintained within the boundary of the CCP’s authoritarian governance. In rural China, for elections to serve the function of promoting democracy and fostering checks and balances of power - neither manipulation by the local government nor manipulation by rich opponents - the key lies in the economic empowerment of villagers.

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Swanson, Julie A. „Parental psychological control and mutually autonomous relationships in emerging adulthood emotional valence as a moderator /“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1249563427.

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Farrar, Jessica. „Life Stress, Maternal Inhibitory Control, and Quality of Parenting Behaviors“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24175.

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Negative life stress and maternal inhibitory control are both critical ingredients involved in the shaping and maintaining of the quality of parenting behaviors. This study explored both how the experience of stressful life events and inhibitory control relate to two particular types of parenting behaviors: harsh/controlling and autonomy-supportive. Given that these two types of parenting have broad implications for children’s developmental trajectories, it is important to further enhance our understanding of the etiological factors that both shape and maintain parenting practices. Utilizing a high-risk sample (i.e. low SES, high presence of documented child maltreatment) of mothers with pre-school aged children, this study did not support the relationship between the experience of stressful life events, maternal inhibitory control and quality of parenting. However, post hoc analyses of life stress using a measure of objective SES did yield a significant link between stress and the presence of autonomy-supportive parenting. This study expands the current understanding of how stress and inhibitory control relate to parenting behaviors. Implications of this study for practice and research are discussed.

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Harvey, Catherine Louise. „Autonomy and control : an investigation of family dynamics and computer use in the home in west London“. Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274888.

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Georgiadis, Manolis. „Autonomy and control of behaviour in health promotion settings : influences on self-perceptions and other critical constructs“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34376.

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Motivation for change has long been an aspect of dispute and discussion in psychology as different theories and disciplines have been applied to the necessities and needs of behaviour change (Miller and Rollnick, 1991). One theory that deals with the social-contextual conditions of behavioural change and psychological development is self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985; Ryan and Deci, 2000). According to this, an autonomous-authentic or self-determined behaviour seems to have an increased significance in the level of self-esteem felt by the individual (Deci and Ryan, 1985). The aim of the current thesis was to examine the impact of the four types of external regulation on physical and global self-perceptions, in different health promotion settings.

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Colnago, Jessica Helena. „Privacy agents in the IoT : considerations on how to balance agent autonomy and user control in privacy decisions“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8429.

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This thesis explored aspects that can help balance the level of user control and system autonomy for intelligent privacy agents in the context of the Internet of Things. This proposed balance could be reached considering aspects related to wanting to be interrupted to have control and being able to be interrupted to exert this control. Through literature review of interruption and privacy literature, variables related to these two perspectives were identified. This led to the variable set "Intelligent Privacy Interruptions”. To verify and validate this set, two research actions were performed. The first one was an online survey that allowed us to perform a sanity check that these variables were acceptable in this work’s context. The second was an experience sampling user study with 21 participants that allowed us to better understand how user behavior is informed by these variables. Based on these two interventions it was possible to note that the selected variables seem to show relevance and that they can be used to inform the development and design of privacy agents. The limitations of the partial results notwithstanding, through a quantitative analysis of data collected form the user study and the qualitative analysis of the exit interviews, it was possible to note a common mental process between the participants of the user study when deciding whether to withhold or delegate decision control to the agent. Future studies should be performed to verify the possibility of expansion and creation of a behavior and preference model that can be integrated to the decisionmaking system of intelligent privacy agents.
Este trabalho investigou aspectos que podem ajudar a balancear o nível de controle de usuários e de autonomia de agentes inteligentes de privacidade no contexto da Internet das Coisas. Entende-se que esse balanceamento proposto poderia ser alcançado considerando aspectos relacionados a “querer” ser interrompido para ter controle e “poder” ser interrompido para exercer o controle. Por meio de revisão da literatura de interrupções e privacidade, variáveis relacionadas a esses dois aspectos foram identificadas, embasando a proposta de um conjunto de variáveis para “Interrupções de Privacidade Inteligentes”. Para verificar e validar esse conjunto de variáveis, duas ações de pesquisa foram feitas. A primeira foi um questionário online que serviu como uma verificação inicial de que as variáveis são adequadas ao novo contexto proposto por esse trabalho. A segunda foi um estudo de amostragem de experiência com 21 usuários para se entender melhor como essas variáveis podem vir a informar o comportamento de usuários. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as variáveis selecionadas apresentam relevância e que podem ser usadas para informar o desenvolvimento e design de agentes de privacidade. Embora os resultados ainda sejam limitados, principalmente pela duração do estudo e grupo e número de usuários, através da análise quantitativa dos dados coletadas no estudo com usuários e da análise qualitativa das entrevistas realizadas pós-estudo notou-se um processo mental comum entre os usuários participantes do estudo para as tomadas de decisão de reter o controle ou delegá-lo ao agente. Estudos futuros devem ser realizados, procurando verificar a possibilidade de expandir o relacionamento das variáveis para a criação de um modelo de comportamento e preferência dos usuários que seja integrável ao sistema de decisão de agentes inteligentes de privacidade.

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Souza, Fernanda Amaral de. „Políticas Educativas, Avaliação e Trabalho Docente: o caso de um programa de intervenção pedagógica no Rio Grande do Sul“. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1618.

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The research analyses how the Alfa and Beto Reading and Writing Pedagogical Intervention Program (Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica de Alfabetização Alfa e Beto), a private funded initiative, was institutionalized in two public schools in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil), in the 2007-2010 administration; and how teachers perceive their work in order to understand what effects it may have over autonomy and control. The Program was established with the justification for the government to improve the quality of Public Education. That is due to Elementary and Middle School nine years of schooling, having teachers to teach six-year-old children to read and write within two years, according to Federal Laws 11.114/05 and 11.274/06. The dissertation presents a brief panorama of the educational policies and State reform, created during Fernando Henrique Cardozo s administration as a possible solution for the critical situation of the State. What was intended was the decentralization of education in order to have civil society responsible for educational policies (devolution), accruing to State the control, coordination and financing of policies. Giving education a people s responsibility nuance, a quasi-market administration logic is created. A large-scale evaluation process becomes the landmark of educational policies, establishing, thus, efficiency and efficacy criteria for an improvement in management conduct standards. These, in turn, affected classroom practice as well as teachers identity. The introduction of non-reflexive training techniques based on competence should also be accounted for in the process of teacher training. The research adopts a qualitative approach assumption which involves the analysis of official documents and semistructured interviews with teachers, supervisors and principals of the schools that participate in the Alfa and Beto Reading and Writing Program. The collected data was analyzed using Bernstein and Ball as theoretical framework and using content analysis theoretical criteria that allows comprehending policies not just as macro and structured policies written in legal deeds as state policies to be applied, but also as action policies, which are re-contextualized and constructed, according to different contexts, by the subjects and actors involved in school practices. The findings demonstrate how teachers feel insecure, robotized, anxious, and controlled when submitted to programs lacking clarity on how to deal with teaching students, on how books exert control and deprive teachers of their autonomy. It also indicates the authoritarian way through which state public schools had to adopt Alfa & Beto programs and how teachers were accounted for the success or failure of the reading and writing process.
O presente estudo analisa como o Programa de Intervenção Pedagógica de Alfabetização Alfa e Beto, de iniciativa privada, instituiu-se em duas Escolas Públicas Estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul, Gestão 2007-2010; e como os docentes percebem seu trabalho neste programa de intervenção, visando entender que efeitos podem ter sobre a autonomia e o controle do trabalho docente. O Programa foi contratado com a justificativa de o governo melhorar a qualidade da Educação Pública. Melhorias estas que se referem à obrigatoriedade do Ensino Fundamental ser de nove anos, da alfabetização ter início com crianças de seis anos e ter de ser concluído em dois anos, conforme as leis federal 11.114/05 e 11.274/06. A dissertação apresenta um breve panorama das políticas educacionais e da Reforma do Estado, ambas criadas no governo Fernando Henrique Cardozo como solução para a crise do Estado. A intenção dessas políticas era incentivar a descentralização da educação para que a sociedade civil executasse as políticas educacionais, cabendo ao Estado o controle, a coordenação e o financiamento dessas políticas. Com a transferência das políticas públicas para setores da sociedade, cria-se na gestão pública a lógica de quasemercado. A avaliação em larga escala torna-se o grande marco nas políticas educacionais estabelecendo critérios de eficiência e eficácia na busca por uma melhor performance nos padrões de gestão gerencialista. Como conseqüência, as práticas da sala de aula foram afetadas, bem como a identidade do professor, apoiando-se e ramificando-se pela introdução de formas de treinamento não intelectualizado na preparação docente, baseadas na competência, foram introduzidas. A pesquisa adota pressupostos da abordagem qualitativa, tendo como dados documentos e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com professores, supervisores e diretores de escolas que desenvolvem o Programa de Alfabetização Alfa e Beto. Os dados coletados foram analisados com base na análise de conteúdo, a partir das abordagens teóricas de Bernstein e Ball. Esta técnica permite compreender as políticas não somente como políticas macro, estruturadas, escritas em textos legais e como políticas de estado a serem desenvolvidas, mas também como políticas em ação, que se recontextualizam e são construídas e reconstruídas em diferentes contextos, pelos sujeitos e atores envolvidos nas práticas escolares. A pesquisa demonstra como os professores se sentem inseguros, robotizados, ansiosos e controlados quando submetidos à aplicação de programas sem um conhecimento suficiente para trabalhar com os alunos; a maneira como os livros didáticos controlam e tiram a autonomia dos professores; e também mostra a maneira como os programas foram adotados nas escolas públicas, responsabilizando os professores pelo sucesso ou não da alfabetização

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Botha, Hermanus Van Niekerk. „A Closed Loop Research Platform That Enables Dynamic Control Of Wing Gait Patterns In A Vertically Constrained Flapping Wing - Micro Air Vehicle“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1462801627.

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Pebody, Miles. „Autonomy in the real real-world : a behaviour based view of autonomous systems control in an industrial product inspection system“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266321.

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Newby, Margaret Henrietta. „Women in Bangladesh : a study of the effects of garment factory work on control over income and autonomy“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266383.

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Graham, Karen. „Examining the relationships between Canadian public health nurses' job satisfaction and their autonomy, control-over-practice, and workload“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28729.

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Objective: To examine relationships between three modifiable work factors (autonomy, control-over-practice, workload) and Canadian public health nurses' job satisfaction. Design: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey. Setting: All Canadian provinces and territories. Participants: Canadian registered nurses working in public health (n =271). Methods: Analysis of select data from the 2 005 National Survey of the Work and Health of Nurses (NSWHN). Bivariate analyses were used to examine demographic data, multivariate logistic regression analyses to examine relationships between the selected variables, and Chi-square tests to determine regional variations in job satisfaction across Canada. The relevance of findings was discussed with practicing public health nurses (PHNs), policy makers, and researchers at an end-of-study Knowledge Translation (KT) 'Think-Tank'. Results: The interaction between autonomy and workload was a significant predictor of PHNs' job satisfaction, (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96,0.99, p < 0.01) as was the interaction between age and workload (OR: 1.01,95% CI: 1.00, 1.01, p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were found in PHNs' job satisfaction between regions. Think-Tank participants were interested in learning about results, selected priority areas for application to public health practice and management, and identified future directions for research. Conclusions: With the significant workload findings and generational differences, development of workload measurement tools and public health human resource strategies tailored to a multi-generational workforce are recommended. National enumeration strategies to identify the number of practicing PHNs are also recommended to inform public health practice and policy as are future KT activities to facilitate research dissemination.

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Biro, Alexander. „Combining adjustable autonomy and shared control as a new platform for controlling robotic systems with ROS on TurtleBot“. Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64637.

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Fully autonomous robotic systems can fulfill their functionality, without human interaction, but their efficiency is way lower, than a robotic system, which is teleoperated by a specialist. The teleoperation of robotic systems requires continuously high attention from the operator, if this attention is taken away or reduced, the efficiency drops heavily. The combination of Adjustable Autonomy and Shared Control represent a promising approach, of how great efficiency could be maintained in a robotic system, with a minimum of human interaction. The goal of this project is the re-implementation of the utilitarian voting scheme for navigation for usage with modern robotic platforms, as proposed in the publication "Experiments in Adjustable Autonomy" by Jacob W. Crandall and Michael A. Goodrich. This voting scheme combines a proposed direction, which is given by a human operator, with environmental sensor data to determine the best direction for a robots next movement. The implemented prototype in this project was developed with ROS on TurtleBot and is processing the sensor data and calculating the best direction for the robot's movement in the same way, as the original prototype. Since the original setup consists of a Nomad SuperScout robot with sixteen sonar range finders, adjustments needed to be made, to run the same algorithm on a different setup. The correct processing of the input data and estimation of the best direction was verified by pen and paper calculations. Finally, further ideas for improving the implemented prototype and usage in other scenarios were presented.

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De, Villiers Suzanne. „The principle of respect for autonomy and the sterilization of people with intellectual disabilities“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53148.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The implementation of eugenic policies reached its peak during the zo" century when thousands of people with intellectual disabilities and other "undesirable qualities" were involuntary sterilized. Although most of the eugenic policies have been removed, countries such as South Africa, still make legally provision for the involuntary sterilization of people with intellectual disabilities. Torbjërn Tannsjë (1998) used the "argument from autonomy" to argue that involuntary sterilization practices are wrong because it involves compulsion. According to him, society should never interfere with people's reproductive choices and people should never be required to qualify for the right to have children. The aim of this assignment was to systematically assess the "argument from autonomy" as far as the policy of involuntary sterilization of people with intellectual disabilities is concerned. To this end, the concept of autonomy and the principle of respect for autonomy are discussed and applied to the intellectually disabled. It is argued that autonomy and respect for autonomy are useful concepts to apply to some people with intellectual disabilities. These individuals should not be automatically assumed to be incompetent, but their competence needs to be determined on an individual level, with reference to the complexity of the decision to be made. Special effort is needed from health care professionals to obtain (where possible) informed consent from people with intellectual disabilities. The application of the principle of respect for autonomy to matters of reproduction leads to the conclusion that people with severe to profound levels of disability, are unable to provide informed consent for sexual intercourse. Therefore some form of paternalistic protection is needed for these individuals. People with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities who are however competent to consent to sexual intercourse should never be prohibited from procreation by means of involuntary sterilization. State interference in matters of reproduction should be limited to interventions where (i) children are seriously harmed by parents and (ii) to protect those who are incompetent to consent to sexual interactions with others. Apart from these exceptions, the intellectually disabled is entitled to the same procreative rights as all other citizens.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die implementering van eugenetiese beleid het gedurende die 20 ste eeu 'n hoogtepunt bereik met die onwillekeurige sterilisering van duisende persone met intellektuele gestremdhede en ander "ongewensde kwaliteite". Alhoewel meeste van die eugenetiese wetgewing verwyder is, maak lande soos Suid-Afrika steeds wetlik voorsiening vir die onwillekeurige sterilisasie van persone met intellektuele gestremdhede. Torbjërn Tannsjo (1998) maak gebruik van die "outonomie argument" om te argumenteer dat onwillekeurige sterilisasie praktyke onaanvaarbaar is omdat dit dwang bevat. Hy voer aan dat die samelewing nooit in die reproduktiewe keuses van mense behoort in te meng nie en dat dit nooit vir mense nodig moet wees om vir ouerskap te kwalifiseer nie. Die doel van hierdie werkstuk was om sistematies die "outonomie argument" te analiseer ten opsigte van die beleid van die onwillekeurige sterilisasie van persone met intellektuele gestremdhede. Met hierdie doel voor oë word die konsep outonomie en die beginsel van respek vir outonomie bespreek en toegepas op die intellektueel gestremde persoon. Daar word aangevoer dat outonomie en respek vir outonomie nuttige beginsels is om in ag te neem in kwessies rakende intellektueel gestremdes. Hierdie individue moet nie outomaties as onbevoeg beskou word nie, maar hul bevoegdheid moet eerder op 'n individuele basis beoordeel word, inaggeneem die kompleksiteit van die besluit wat geneem moet word. Voorts word daar van gesondheidsorgpersoneel verwag om moeite te doen met die verkryging van oorwoê toestemming (waar moontlik) by persone met intellektuele gestremdhede. Die toepassing van die beginsel van respek vir outonomie op aspekte rakende reproduksie, lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat persone met ernstige intellektuele gestremdhede nie in staat is om toestemming tot seksuele omgang te verleen nie. Dus, is 'n vorm van paternalistiese beskerming in hierdie gevalle aangedui. Persone met intellektuele gestremdhede wat egter wel bevoeg is om toestemming tot seksuele omgang te verleen, moet nooit weerhou word van voortplanting deur middel van onwillekeurige sterilisering nie. Inmenging deur die staat in kwessies rakende reproduksie moet beperk word tot intervensies waar (i) kinders ernstige skade berokken word en (ii) die beskerming van persone wat onbevoeg is om toestemming tot seksuele interaksies met ander te verleen, benodig word. Afgesien hiervan, is die intellektuele gestremde persoon geregtig op dieselfde reproduktiewe regte as alle ander landsburgers.

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Lidsten, Christopher. „Utbildningssystemets dilemma : Balansen mellan politisk kontroll och professionell autonomi“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148737.

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The purpose of this thesis was to get a deeper comprehension of how Swedish schools are affected by institutional change, what influence eventual governmental intervention has on the professional autonomy of street-level bureaucrats and towards which direction the educational system is heading. As a theoretical frame of reference, the study used two primary theories. The first theory consists of a classical work in political science – the theory of street-level bureaucracies by Michael Lipsky. Its insightful pondering on public service workers as policy decisionmakers served as a tool to better understand the crucial part that street-level bureaucrats play in the political game. The second theory is the principal-agent theorem. With its assumtions grounded in rational choice, it aims to explain the agency problem, which occurs when the agent is acting in his own best interest. The principal-agent theory was used in order to explain why the government could have an increased need for control and surveillance. Through empirical evidence, the study found that decentralization leads to an increased governmental need for control and surveillance over Swedish schools. Furthermore, the study found that governmental intervention has a negative impact on the professional autonomy of street-level bureaucrats. The actions taken by the government is indicative of an attempt to strengthen the control of goal fulfillment. Thus, the study concludes that the educational system is heading towards a situation with more political control and less professional autonomy.

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Piva, Carla Cristina Marinho. „Trabalho na assistência social carioca na era César Maia“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9227.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o trabalho na Assistência Social carioca durante a gestão César Maia na Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. Essa proposta, tendo como objeto de pesquisa o trabalho dos assistentes sociais na Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social, interpretados aqui como sujeitos inseridos em um contexto permeado pelas contradições entre as classes sociais, baseou-se na leitura de que a interpretação dos processos sociais na ótica da totalidade social representa a possibilidade de apropriação do significado social da profissão, potencializando o pensamento no que se refere às condições e relações de trabalho. Sendo assim, o interesse foi decifrar a organização do trabalho subjacente à revisão da assistência social e perceber o espaço técnico da ação profissional. Isso significou tomar a teoria do processo de trabalho em exame e analisar o espaço de autonomia do trabalhador assalariado na gestão pública da cidade na época, assim como o contraste entre controle, qualidade dos serviços e das relações de trabalho. Isso implicou em revisitar o debate do Serviço Social sobre a categoria trabalho e conhecer de perto o modo como o sujeito profissional lida com o dilema do controle e da autonomia a partir de uma pauta de produção de serviços delimitada gerencialmente.
This paper intends to analyze the social worker services during Cesar Maia administration at Rio de Janeiro City Hall. The subject matter, whose research goal is the social workers service at the Social Welfare Office, seen as people immersed in a context full of contradictions among social classes, relies on the idea that the interpretation of the social processes from the point of view of social totality represents the possibility of assumption of this professions social meaning, enhancing the concept which refers to working conditions and relations.So, the concern was to decode the working organization underlying the review of the social work and comprehend the technical space of the professional act. That implied in renew the Social Work discussion about the working category and learn closely the way the professional deals with the control dilemma and the autonomy from a production model of serviced bounded administratively.

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Montenon, Alaric. „Analyse, mutualisation et optimisation par la commande de la consommation énergétique des héliostats autonomes des centrales à concentration solaire“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9709/1/montenon_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.

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Les centrales à concentration utilisent la radiation solaire directe pour produire de la chaleur et, comme dans la plupart des cas, de l’électricité par transformation de cette chaleur. Les centrales dites « à tour » sont associées à un vaste champ héliostatique dont l’alimentation se fait généralement par de longs câbles à l’intérieur de tranchées qui peuvent mesurer plusieurs kilomètres. Pour pallier cette solution, la thèse s’inscrit donc dans l’évaluation de la mise en place d’héliostats autonomes énergétiquement via un générateur solaire et un stockage électrochimique (batteries). Le dimensionnement de ce système est optimisé par la commande des deux moteurs des héliostats (azimut et élévation) en vue de minimiser leur consommation globale. L’impact environnemental global est également comparé par rapport à la solution des tranchées grâce à une analyse de cycle de vie. Cette recherche est effectuée au sein du laboratoire LAPLACE de Toulouse en collaboration avec le laboratoire PROMES d’Odeillo.

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Olofsson, Kajsa, und Viola Colldin. „Målstyrning vid övergång till distansarbete : En kvalitativ fallstudie om hur chefer i ett tillverkande företag arbetar med målstyrning vid en övergång till distansarbete“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-107091.

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Bakgrund: Målstyrning är ett sätt för organisationer att styra sin verksamhet där arbetet sker stegvis för att avslutningsvis uppnå specifika mål. Covid-19 bidrar till ett utökat distansarbete inom organisationer, vilket bidrar till en utmaning för användandet av målstyrning. Således krävs det en fungerande kommunikation mellan chefer och medarbetare vid en övergång till distansarbete. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att skapa en förståelse för hur ett tillverkande företags chefer arbetar med målstyrning vid en övergång till distansarbete. Problemformuleringar: Hur utformar chefer mål? Hur kommunicerar chefer ut mål? Hur följer chefer upp mål? Hur upplevs målstyrningen inom organisationen? Metod: För denna studie har en fallstudie valts ut som metod vilken genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom att använda semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det totala antalet intervjuer var med sju respondenter från samma företag. Eftersom uppsatsen grundas genom både induktivt och deduktivt inslag tillämpades en abduktiv ansats. Slutsats: Utifrån studien konstateras att vid en övergång till distansarbete för chefer inom ett tillverkande företag upplevs inte målstyrning vara en komplett styrform och behöver därav kompletteras med andra medel. Vidare fastställdes konsekvensen av övergången till distansarbete underlättade för autonomi och kontroll att existera under en längre tid i ett tillverkande företag till följd av användandet av digitala kommunikationsmedel.
Background: Management by objectives is a way for organizations to control their operations within the organization to ensure work through stages to achieve specific goals. Covid-19 conducts an increase in telework within organizations, which contributes to a challenge for the use of management by objectives. Thus, this leads to effective communication is required between managers and employees when switching to teleworking. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of how managers within a manufacturing company work with management by objectives during a transition to telework. Research questions: How do managers construct goals? How do managers communicate regarding goals? How do managers follow up on goals? How is management by objectives experienced within the organization? Method: A case study has been selected as a method for this study which has been carried out on the basis of a qualitative research strategy. The empirical material was collected using semi-structured interviews. The total number of interviews was with seven respondents from the same company. Since the essay is based on both inductive and deductive elements, led to an abductive approach was applied. Conclusions: Based on the study, it is established that in a transition to telework for managers within a manufacturing company, make management by objectives to be perceived as a non-complete form of management and therefore needs to be supplemented with other means. Furthermore, the consequence of the transition to telework was made easier for autonomy and control to exist for a longer period of time in a manufacturing company as a result of the use of digital means of communication.

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Ala-Mursula, L. (Leena). „Employee worktime control and health“. Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514282183.

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Abstract The potential health effects of employee control over working times are poorly known in the field of work stress research. In this study, worktime control was hypothesized to buffer against stress by promoting successful combination of a full-time job with non-work demands and by enabling the work to be done at times of optimal resources. The participants were from the 10-Town Study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study exploring employee health in ten Finnish towns. The survey responses on worktime control and health (baseline survey in 1997: n = 6442, 67%; follow-up survey in 2000–01: n = 32299, 67%) were linked to registered sickness absences from the employers' records. Employee worktime control covered the perceived possibilities to influence the starting and ending times of a workday, the breaks, handling private matters during the workday, the scheduling of shifts, vacations and days off, and the taking of unpaid leaves, each of which was rated on a 1–5 scale. In the follow-up survey, influence on the length of the workday was also assessed. After a factor analysis, the subdimensions of control over daily working hours and control over days off were focused. It turned out that low worktime control predicted poor subjective health, psychological distress, and medically certified sickness absences for women. For men, low worktime control was not associated with subjective health, but predicted medically certified sickness absences for those with dependent children or employed in manual occupations. With respect to work stress, the men and women suffering from job strain or effort-reward imbalance had less medically certified sickness absences if they at least had control over their working times. The men and women with long domestic and total working hours and long commuting hours gained most from high worktime control in that their medically certified sickness absences were reduced. Vulnerability to long domestic and total working hours in terms of such absences was seen among both men and women, but there were few men working long domestic hours. Long paid working hours as such were not associated with sickness absences. In sum, high worktime control appeared to buffer against health problems and to promote a successful integration of domestic responsibilities with a full-time job. The findings expand the focus of work stress research and emphasize the importance of taking conditions at home into account when analysing employee health
Tiivistelmä Työaikojen hallinnan merkitys terveydelle tunnetaan työstressitutkimuksen alalla huonosti. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä oletettiin, että työaikojen hallinta voisi vähentää stressiä ja edistää terveyttä helpottamalla kokopäivätyön ja kotona tehtävän työn yhteensovittamista sekä mahdollistamalla työn tekemisen parhaiden voimavarojen vallitessa. Tutkimus toteutui osana Työterveyslaitoksen Kunta10 -tutkimusta, joka seuraa kymmenen suomalaisen kaupungin henkilöstön työolojen ja terveyden kehittymistä. Koettua työaikojen hallintaa ja terveyttä koskevat kyselyvastaukset (alkukysely v. 1997: n = 6442, 67 %; seurantakysely vv. 2000–01: n = 32299, 67 %) linkitettiin palkanmaksurekistereistä saatuihin sairauspoissaolotietoihin. Työaikojen hallinnan mittari sisälsi alkukyselyssä 5-luokkaisella asteikolla vastaajien kokemat vaikutusmahdollisuudet työpäivän alkamis- ja päättymisajankohtiin, taukoihin, yksityisasioiden hoitamiseen työpäivän kuluessa, työvuoroihin, lomien ja vapaapäivien ajankohtiin sekä palkattomien vapaiden pitämiseen. Seurantakyselyssä kartoitettiin myös vaikutusmahdollisuudet työpäivän pituuteen. Summamuuttujan faktorianalyysin jälkeen arvioitiin erikseen päivittäisten työaikojen hallintaa sekä loma-aikojen hallintaa. Tuloksissa huono työaikojen hallinta ennusti naisilla huonoksi koettua terveyttä, psyykkistä rasittuneisuutta sekä lääkärintodistusta vaativia yli kolmen päivän mittaisia sairauspoissaoloja. Miehillä huono työaikojen hallinta ei vaikuttanut itsearvioituun terveyteen, mutta ennusti lääkärintodistusta vaativia sairauspoissaoloja, jos heillä oli lapsia kotona tai jos he tekivät ruumiillista työtä. Hyvä työaikojen hallinta vähensi työstressiin liittyviä sairauspoissaoloja. Stressiä kuvattiin työn kovien vaatimusten ja huonon hallinnan yhdistelmällä sekä koettujen ponnistelujen ja palkkioiden epäsuhdalla. Eri elämänalueilla tehtyihin työtunteihin suhteutettuna hyvä työaikojen hallinta vähensi sairauspoissaoloja erityisesti niillä naisilla ja miehillä, joilla oli paljon kotityötunteja, työmatkatunteja tai totaalityötunteja. Sairauspoissaoloilla mitattuna naiset ja miehet olivat yhtä haavoittuvia pitkille kotityö- työmatka- ja totaalityötunneille, mutta miehillä pitkät kotityötunnit olivat harvinaisia. Pitkät palkkatyötunnit sinänsä eivät lisänneet sairauslomia. Tutkimus tuo työstressikirjallisuuteen vallitsevia malleja täydentävää tietoa työn ulkopuolisten tekijöiden merkityksestä työntekijöiden terveydelle. Tulokset kannustavat edistämään työntekijöiden mahdollisuuksia työaikojensa hallintaan sekä terveyden edistämisen että kokopäivätyön ja muun elämän menestyksellisen yhdistämisen näkökulmista

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Brockway, Christine May. „Maternal control and its antecedents: an examination of monitoring and autonomy promotion as they relate to prior emotional availability“. The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406641253.

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Frost, Elizabeth Marie. „Creating a Well-Situated Human-Autonomy Team: The Effects of Team Structure“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1578914702378707.

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