Thematische Bibliographien / Control algorithm for directional control valves

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Control algorithm for directional control valves“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 13. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Control algorithm for directional control valves"

Jin, Liyang, und Qingfeng Wang. „Positioning control of hydraulic cylinder with unknown friction using on/off directional control valve“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, Nr. 8 (11.05.2018): 983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818771522.

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In this study, a prediction-based positioning control scheme is proposed for the hydraulic cylinder controlled by a solenoid operated on/off directional control valve. The discrete-valued input, low switching frequency and significant delay of directional control valve make the control problem very complex. Only a discrete-valued control input can be used here; meanwhile, the input has switching frequency constraint and time-delay. Existing methods such as pulse-width modulation control and sliding-mode control are not suitable for this problem, because chattering may arise due to the control input restrictions. The newly proposed prediction-based positioning control scheme consists of two parts: a switching law based on predictions of future states and learning algorithms which learn required predictive models online. According to accurate predictions, the switching law can control the hydraulic cylinder to target position in an optimal way, and chattering is avoided. Meanwhile, the required predictive models are identified by a generalized growing and pruning for radial basis function network and a recursive least square estimation algorithm in real time. Essentially, the problems caused by input restrictions, time-delay and model uncertainty are solved by the accurate identifications to some well-designed models. The control scheme is verified by physical experiments. Fast and accurate positioning control can be achieved for the hydraulic cylinder with unknown nonlinear friction.

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Li, Songjing. „OPTIMAL DESIGN OF NEW TYPE ENERGY-SAVING SOLENOID DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE USING GENETIC ALGORITHM“. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 37, Nr. 07 (2001): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2001.07.079.

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Bobál, Vladimír, Petr Chalupa, Marek Kubalčík und Petr Dostál. „Self-Tuning Predictive Control of Nonlinear Servo-Motor“. Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, Nr. 6 (01.11.2010): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0056-x.

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Self-Tuning Predictive Control of Nonlinear Servo-MotorThe paper is focused on a design of a self-tuning predictive model control (STMPC) algorithm and its application to a control of a laboratory servo motor. The model predictive control algorithm considers constraints of a manipulated variable. An ARX model is used in the identification part of the self-tuning controller and its parameters are recursively estimated using the recursive least squares method with the directional forgetting. The control algorithm is based on the Generalised Predictive Control (GPC) method and the optimization was realized by minimization of a quadratic and absolute values objective functions. A recursive control algorithm was designed for computation of individual predictions by incorporating a receding horizon principle. Proposed predictive controllers were verified by a real-time control of highly nonlinear laboratory model — Amira DR300.

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Astik, Mitesh B., Praghnesh Bhatt und Bhavesh R. Bhalja. „Bi-Directional Position and Speed Estimation Algorithm for Sensorless Control of BLDC Motor“. Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 14, Nr. 2 (01.12.2018): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2018-0015.

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AbstractThe observer design for estimation of back EMF to control the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is proposed in this paper. Rotor position of the BLDC motor is estimated using the sequence of estimated back EMF. During speed reversal of motor, the actual and estimated values of speed fail to track the reference speed and if corrective action is not taken by the observer, the motor goes into the unstable region. To overcome this problem, the speed estimation algorithm is proposed for BLDC motor control during its speed reversal operation. Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Butterworth first order low-pass filters are used in the observer for smoothing the estimated back EMFs of the BLDC motor. A new controller scheme based on Modified Hybrid Fuzzy PI (MHFPI) controller is proposed to control the speed of the BLDC motor. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated through simulations for different disturbances such as step changes in the reference speed and load torque of the motor and results are compared with the existing methods.

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Li, Sheng Zhong, Jian Xin Liu und Yi Fei Xia. „The Pneumatic Position Control System Based on Fuzzy-PID“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (Januar 2014): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1142.

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Put forward a kind of control system to achieve precise positioning of the pneumatic cylinder, coring to PC upper monitor and using Visual C++ as the development platform. Establish an experimental platform of pneumatic cylinder positioning control system: selecting the parameter self-tuning Fuzzy-PID control algorithm, using the proportional directional control valve, standard cylinder, displacement sensordata acquisition card and other components. the use of MATLAB to simulate and optimize, carry out the actual experiment on the basis of simulation. The experimental results proved the effectiveness and correctness of Fuzzy PID in pneumatic control system.

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Shin, Byoung-Ho, Doo Yong Choi, Kwansue Jung und Zong Woo Geem. „Valve Location Method for Evaluating Drain Efficiency in Water Transmission Pipelines“. Water 12, Nr. 10 (03.10.2020): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102759.

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Water transmission pipelines, which transport bulk water into storage facilities, usually have a tree-type configuration with large dimensions; thus, the breakage of a pipeline may cause a catastrophic service interruption to customers. Although drain efficiency is closely related to the number of washout and control valves and their locations, there is no useful guideline. This paper proposes a valve locating method by introducing numerical analyses to enumerate drainage time and zone. A time integration method, combined with the Newton–Raphson algorithm, is suggested to resolve drainage time, while considering the friction loss in gravitational flow. A drain direction matrix, which shows drain direction and coverage, is derived using a network searching algorithm. Furthermore, a feasible practical approach is presented by introducing a critical horizontal slope, a major washout valve, drainage indices, and control valve embedment. The developed method is first applied to simple pipes to validate the drainage time module. Subsequently, the model is expanded to the CY transmission line, which is one of the BR water supply systems in South Korea currently in operation. The results reveal that three drain valve locations have been neglected, and the addition of control valves guarantees consistent drain time below the operational criteria.

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Janky, Kristen L., Jessie N. Patterson, Neil T. Shepard, Megan L. A. Thomas und Julie A. Honaker. „Effects of Device on Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) Gain“. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 28, Nr. 09 (Oktober 2017): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16138.

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AbstractNumerous video head impulse test (vHIT) devices are available commercially; however, gain is not calculated uniformly. An evaluation of these devices/algorithms in healthy controls and patients with vestibular loss is necessary for comparing and synthesizing work that utilizes different devices and gain calculations.Using three commercially available vHIT devices/algorithms, the purpose of the present study was to compare: (1) horizontal canal vHIT gain among devices/algorithms in normal control subjects; (2) the effects of age on vHIT gain for each device/algorithm in normal control subjects; and (3) the clinical performance of horizontal canal vHIT gain between devices/algorithms for differentiating normal versus abnormal vestibular function.Prospective.Sixty-one normal control adult subjects (range 20–78) and eleven adults with unilateral or bilateral vestibular loss (range 32–79).vHIT was administered using three different devices/algorithms, randomized in order, for each subject on the same day: (1) Impulse (Otometrics, Schaumberg, IL; monocular eye recording, right eye only; using area under the curve gain), (2) EyeSeeCam (Interacoustics, Denmark; monocular eye recording, left eye only; using instantaneous gain), and (3) VisualEyes (MicroMedical, Chatham, IL, binocular eye recording; using position gain).There was a significant mean difference in vHIT gain among devices/algorithms for both the normal control and vestibular loss groups. vHIT gain was significantly larger in the ipsilateral direction of the eye used to measure gain; however, in spite of the significant mean differences in vHIT gain among devices/algorithms and the significant directional bias, classification of “normal” versus “abnormal” gain is consistent across all compared devices/algorithms, with the exception of instantaneous gain at 40 msec. There was not an effect of age on vHIT gain up to 78 years regardless of the device/algorithm.These findings support that vHIT gain is significantly different between devices/algorithms, suggesting that care should be taken when making direct comparisons of absolute gain values between devices/algorithms.

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Sefat, Morteza Haghighat, Khafiz M. Muradov, Ahmed H. Elsheikh und David R. Davies. „Proactive Optimization of Intelligent-Well Production Using Stochastic Gradient-Based Algorithms“. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 19, Nr. 02 (06.01.2016): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/178918-pa.

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Summary The popularity of intelligent wells (I-wells), which provide layer-by-layer monitoring and control capability of production and injection, is growing. However, the number of available techniques for optimal control of I-wells is limited (Sarma et al. 2006; Alghareeb et al. 2009; Almeida et al. 2010; Grebenkin and Davies 2012). Currently, most of the I-wells that are equipped with interval control valves (ICVs) are operated to enhance the current production and to resolve problems associated with breakthrough of the unfavorable phase. This reactive strategy is unlikely to deliver the long-term optimum production. On the other side, the proactive-control strategy of I-wells, with its ambition to provide the optimum control for the entire well's production life, has the potential to maximize the cumulative oil production. This strategy, however, results in a high-dimensional, nonlinear, and constrained optimization problem. This study provides guidelines on selecting a suitable proactive optimization approach, by use of state-of-the-art stochastic gradient-approximation algorithms. A suitable optimization approach increases the practicality of proactive optimization for real field models under uncertain operational and subsurface conditions. We evaluate the simultaneous-perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) method (Spall 1992) and the ensemble-based optimization (EnOpt) method (Chen et al. 2009). In addition, we present a new derivation of the EnOpt by use of the concept of directional derivatives. The numerical results show that both SPSA and EnOpt methods can provide a fast solution to a large-scale and multiple I-well proactive optimization problem. A criterion for tuning the algorithms is proposed and the performance of both methods is compared for several test cases. The used methodology for estimating the gradient is shown to affect the application area of each algorithm. SPSA provides a rough estimate of the gradient and performs better in search environments, characterized by several local optima, especially with a large ensemble size. EnOpt was found to provide a smoother estimation of the gradient, resulting in a more-robust algorithm to the choice of the tuning parameters, and a better performance with a small ensemble size. Moreover, the final optimum operation obtained by EnOpt is smoother. Finally, the obtained criteria are used to perform proactive optimization of ICVs in a real field.

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Jensen, Konrad Johan, Morten Kjeld Ebbesen und Michael Rygaard Hansen. „Development of Point-to-Point Path Control in Actuator Space for Hydraulic Knuckle Boom Crane“. Actuators 9, Nr. 2 (09.04.2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9020027.

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This paper presents a novel method for point-to-point path control for a hydraulic knuckle boom crane. The developed path control algorithm differs from previous solutions by operating in the actuator space instead of the joint space or Cartesian space of the crane. By operating in actuator space, almost all the parameters and constraints of the system become either linear or constant, which greatly reduces the complexity of both the control algorithm and path generator. For a given starting point and endpoint, the motion for each actuator is minimized compared to other methods. This ensures that any change in direction of motion is avoided, thereby greatly minimizing fatigue, jerky motion, and energy consumption. However, where other methods may move the tool-point in a straight line from start to end, the method in actuator space will not. In addition, when working in actuator space in combination with pressure-compensated control valves, there is no need for linearization of the system or feedback linearization due to the linear relationship between the control signal and the actuator velocities. The proposed solution has been tested on a physical system and shows good setpoint tracking and minimal oscillations.

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Khadim, Qasim, Mehran Kiani-Oshtorjani, Suraj Jaiswal, Marko K. Matikainen und Aki Mikkola. „Estimating the Characteristic Curve of a Directional Control Valve in a Combined Multibody and Hydraulic System Using an Augmented Discrete Extended Kalman Filter“. Sensors 21, Nr. 15 (24.07.2021): 5029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155029.

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The estimation of the parameters of a simulation model such that the model’s behaviour matches closely with reality can be a cumbersome task. This is due to the fact that a number of model parameters cannot be directly measured, and such parameters might change during the course of operation in a real system. Friction between different machine components is one example of these parameters. This can be due to a number of reasons, such as wear. Nevertheless, if one is able to accurately define all necessary parameters, essential information about the performance of the system machinery can be acquired. This information can be, in turn, utilised for product-specific tuning or predictive maintenance. To estimate parameters, the augmented discrete extended Kalman filter with a curve fitting method can be used, as demonstrated in this paper. In this study, the proposed estimation algorithm is applied to estimate the characteristic curves of a directional control valve in a four-bar mechanism actuated by a fluid power system. The mechanism is modelled by using the double-step semi-recursive multibody formulation, whereas the fluid power system under study is modelled by employing the lumped fluid theory. In practise, the characteristic curves of a directional control valve is described by three to six data control points of a third-order B-spline curve in the augmented discrete extended Kalman filter. The results demonstrate that the highly non-linear unknown characteristic curves can be estimated by using the proposed parameter estimation algorithm. It is also demonstrated that the root mean square error associated with the estimation of the characteristic curve is 0.08% with respect to the real model. In addition, all the errors in the estimated states and parameters of the system are within the 95% confidence interval. The estimation of the characteristic curve in a hydraulic valve can provide essential information for performance monitoring and maintenance applications.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Control algorithm for directional control valves"

Nožka, Michal. „Řízení hydraulických rozváděčů miniexkavátoru“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442674.

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This diploma thesis deals with the design of control algorithm for hydraulic directional control valves of a zero-emission mini excavator. Zero emission excavator have same parameters as diesel engine powered version of it. To solve this problem simulations were done for hydraulics and control algorithm of this machine. To find right parameters of simulation models, experiments have been done. There were also proposed some methods to obtain the right set of parameters. The result of this diploma thesis is control algorithm for directional control valves of this very unique mini excavator that doesn't have any competitor (in terms of control algorithm). Set of parameters was also tested during experiments.

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Mesturini, Davide, Cesare Dolcin, Ulderico Busani, Pietro Marani, Antonella Bonavolonta und Emma Frosina. „Optimization of directional control valves through downstream compensation approach“. Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71195.

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Various academic studies show that in the use of common ICE Off-road Vehicles only about 10-15% of the available power at fuel level is actually transformed into useful energy for the actuators. Particularly the Directional Control Valves are responsible for the dissipation of about 35-40% of the hydraulic energy available at the pump level. The machine electrification trend makes it even more urgent to optimize the hydraulic system to ensure greater performance and higher battery autonomy. Traditional Directional Control Valves design solutions neglect important opportunities for reducing losses and improve internal regeneration. Especially, energy recovery is rarely applied and in any case by means of important superstructures which considerably increase the costs of the system. This paper presents an innovative Directional Control Valve layout, based on the Downstream Compensation approach that, in a simple and cost-effective design, allows to recover a considerable amount of energy from both the inertial loads and the simultaneous use of multiple actuators at different pressure level. The proposed layout performance and efficiency are studied through lumped element simulation and laboratory experimental tests.

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Paterson, Alan Stanley. „The development of an expert system to facilitate the synthesis and analysis of hydraulic directional control valves“. Thesis, De Montfort University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253485.

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Kvam, Asgeir. „Detection of Stiction in Control Valves : an Algorithm for the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry“. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8973.

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Valve stiction is one of the largest stand-alone reasons for oscillatory behavior in process industry. It is reported by Siemens Oil and Gas that valve stiction is a problem that is hard and time consuming to detect at offshore production plants for oil and gas. As a result, Siemens Oil and Gas wants to develop an algorithm that detects stiction. The algorithm is thought to be a feature of the logging system of Siemens in the future. To better understand the problem and scope of stiction at a offshore oil and gas production plant, the effects of stiction is studied on a model of such a plant. The study shows that oscillations from stiction in the control valves of a first stage separator easily spread to downstream components such as the connected gas compressor. An algorithm that detects stiction from routine operating data is developed in this thesis. The method in base for the algorithm is chosen from a variety of methods for stiction detection. To choose a suitable method in base for the algorithm a brief survey of methods for detecting stiction is given. The algorithm output is a stiction index that indicate the presence of stiction in the data analyzed. The algorithm detects stiction in data from non-integrating processes with constant inputs and can be applied on data with a varying sample rate. Proper testing on real data from an offshore production plant remains to be done. The algorithm should also be improved to handle data containing noise. Two new ideas of detecting stiction in integrating processes are presented in the end of the thesis. The new ideas try to regain the hidden ellipses in the PV-OP plots from data with stiction from integrating processes. The first idea is to plot the OP data against time shifted PV data, while the second idea is to plot the OP data against high-pass filtered PV data. Both the ideas show promising results but need to be further developed and tested before they can be applied in a future application for stiction detection.

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Wang, Wei-Wen, und 王威文. „Design and Implementation of Omni-directional Mobile Control Algorithm and USB Protocol Processor on FPGA Chips and Their Applications“. Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92859349651392136021.

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碩士
淡江大學
電機工程學系碩士班
93
In this thesis, a quick omni-directional mobile control algorithm is first proposed. It can improve the disadvantages that most motion control algorithms for the omni-directional mobile robots need a huge operation through the computer and are hard to be realized by using the digital logic circuit. The concepts of vectors, resultant of forces, trigonometric functions, and floating point arithmetic are applied to design this omni-directional mobile control algorithm that needs only one working clock form getting a command to output its result. This high-speed algorithm can be easily to be designed by using VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and implemented on a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) chip. In the application of the implemented FPGA chip, three omni-directional wheels (Transwheel), three-wheeled mechanism, three high efficiency gear boxes, a PWM speed modulation generator, and motor feedback signal analysis are applied to implement an omni-directional mobile robot so that the robot can move in any direction and rotate as moving. Furthermore, a SIP (Silicon Intellectual Property) and the other IP are designed to control USB joysticks by using VHDL and implemented on a FPGA chip so that we don’t need any USB OTG (Universal Serial Bus On-The-Go) protocol processor chip. The USB signal lines C+ and C- by differential action and the coding style of “NRZI (Non-Return to Zero Inverted)” and bit-stuffing are applied to transmit data. A RS232 wireless communication system is implemented so that the operator can use an USB joystick to control the omni-directional mobile robot through a wireless communication module. Finally, a remote controlled game platform by four USB joysticks is implemented to verify that the proposed methods indeed can be applied practically and completely.

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Oberoi, Dhruv. „Enhancing roll stability and directional performance of articulated heavy vehicles based on anti-roll control and design optimization“. Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/215.

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This research presents an investigation to actively improve the rollover stability of articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) during high speed manoeuvres using anti-roll control systems. A 3-dimensional (3-D) linear yaw/roll model with 5 degrees of freedom is developed. Based on this model a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed to improve the rollover stability of a tractor/semi-trailer combination. A design optimization method for AHVs using genetic algorithms (GAs) and multibody vehicle system models is also presented. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability when travelling at low speeds on local roads and city streets. On the other hand, these vehicles exhibit unstable motion modes at high speeds, including jack-knifing, trailer sway and rollover. From the design point of view, the low-speed manoeuvrability and high-speed stability have conflicting requirements on some design variables. The design method based on a GA and a multibody vehicle dynamic package, TruckSim, is proposed to coordinate this trade-off relationship. To test the effectiveness of the design method, a tractor/semi-trailer combination is optimized using the proposed method. It is demonstrated that the proposed design method can be used for identifying desired design variables and predict performance envelopes in the early design stages of AHVs.
UOIT

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Bücher zum Thema "Control algorithm for directional control valves"

Anders, James E. Solenoid-actuated directional control valves for hydraulic service. Hydraulics Associates, 1997.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace-Type Pneumatic Flow Control Valves Excluding Directional Control Valves. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace-Type Hydraulic Pressure Control Relief Valves Excluding Directional Control Valves. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace-Type Hydraulic Pressure Control Relief Valves Excluding Directional Control Valves. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace Pneumatic Valves Excluding Directional Control Valves. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace Pneumatic Valves Excluding Directional Control Valves. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace Hydraulic Valves Excluding Directional Control Valves. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace-Type Pneumatic Valves Excluding Directional Control Valves. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace Pneumatic Directional Control Valves. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Non-Aerospace Hydraulic Directional Control Valves. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Control algorithm for directional control valves"

Pham, Tung Thanh, Dong Van Huong, Chi-Ngon Nguyen und Thanh Le Minh. „Online Training the Radial Basis Function Neural Network Based on Quasi-Newton Algorithm for Omni-directional Mobile Robot Control“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 607–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69814-4_58.

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„Directional Control Valves“. In Pneumatic Drives, 171–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69471-7_12.

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„Directional Control Valves“. In Fluid Power Maintenance Basics and Troubleshooting, 132–50. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15704-19.

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„Proportional Directional Control Valves“. In Pneumatic Drives, 221–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69471-7_16.

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Banek, Tadeusz, und Edward Kozlowski. „Active Learning in Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems“. In Knowledge-Based Intelligent System Advancements, 350–71. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-811-7.ch016.

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A general approach to self-learning based on the ideas of adaptive (dual) control is presented. This means that we consider the control problem for a stochastic system with uncertainty as a leading example. Some system’s parameters are unknown and modeled as random variables with known a’priori distribution function. To optimize an objective function, a controller has to learn the system’s parameter values. The main difficulty comes from the fact that he has to optimize the objective function parallely, i.e., at the same time. Moreover, these two goals considered separately not necessarily coincide and the main problem in the adaptive control is to find the trade-off between them. Looking from the self-learning perspective the two directions are visible. The first is to extract the learning procedure from an optimal adaptive control law and to formulate it as a Cybernetic Principle of self-learning. The second is to consider a control problem with the special objective function. This function has to measure our knowledge about unknown parameters. It can be the Fisher information (Banek & Kulikowski, 2003), the joint entropy (for example Saridis, 1988; Banek & Kozlowski, 2006), or something else. This objective function in the control problem will force a controller to steer a system along trajectories that are rich in information about unknown quantities. In this chapter the authors follow the both directions. First they obtain conditions of optimality for a general adaptive control problem and resulting algorithm for computing extremal controls. The results are then applied to the simple example of the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) problem. By using analytical results and numerical simulations the authors are able to show how control actions depend on the a’piori knowledge about a system. The first conclusion is that a natural, methodological candidate for the optimal self-learning strategy, the “certainty equivalence principle”, fails to satisfy optimality conditions. Optimal control obtained in the case of perfect system’s knowledge is not directly usable in the partial information case. The need of active learning is an essential factor. The differences between controls mentioned above are visible on a level of computations and should be interpreted on a higher level of cybernetic thinking in order to give a satisfactory explanation, perhaps in the form of another principle. Under absence of the perfect knowledge of parameters values, the control actions are restricted by some measurability requirement and the authors compute the Lagrange multiplier associated with this “information constraint”. The multiplier is called a “dual” or “shadow” price and in the literature of the subject is interpreted as an incremental value of information. The authors compute the Lagrange multiptier and analyze its evolution to see how its value changes as the time goes on. As a second sort of conclusion the authors get the self-learning characteristic coming from the information theory point of view. In the last section the authors follow the second direction. In order to estimate the speed of self-learning they choose as an objective function, the conditional entropy. They state the optimal control problem for minimizing the conditional entropy of the system under consideration. Using general results obtained at the beginning, they get the conditions of optimality and the resulting algorithm for computing the extremal controls. Optimal evolution of the conditional entropy tells much about intensivity of self-learning and its time distribution.

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„Bi-directional detection MMSE algorithm in the LTE system“. In Control Engineering and Information Systems, 339–42. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17732-68.

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Thomas, George, Timothy Wilmot, Steve Szatmary, Dan Simon und William Smith. „Evolutionary Optimization of Artificial Neural Networks for Prosthetic Knee Control“. In Efficiency and Scalability Methods for Computational Intellect, 142–61. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3942-3.ch007.

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This chapter discusses closed-loop control development and simulation results for a semi-active above-knee prosthesis. This closed-loop control is a delta control that is added to previously developed open-loop control. The control signal consists of two hydraulic valve settings. These valves control a rotary actuator that provides torque to the prosthetic knee. Closed-loop control using artificial neural networks (ANNs) are developed, which is an intelligent control method. The ANNs are trained with biogeography-based optimization (BBO), which is a recently developed evolutionary algorithm. This research contributes to the field of evolutionary algorithms by demonstrating that BBO is successful at finding optimal solutions to real-world, nonlinear, time varying control problems. The research contributes to the field of prosthetics by showing that it is possible to find effective closed-loop control signals for a newly proposed semi-active hydraulic knee prosthesis. The research also contributes to the field of ANNs; it shows that they are able to mitigate some of the effects of noise and disturbances that will be common in normal operation of a prosthesis and that they can provide better robustness and safer operation with less risk of stumbles and falls. It is demonstrated that ANNs are able to improve average performance over open-loop control by up to 8% and that they show the greatest improvement in performance when there is high risk of stumbles.

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Pires, Robson. „Solution Methods of Large Complex-Valued Nonlinear System of Equations“. In Advances in Complex Analysis and Applications. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92741.

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Nonlinear systems of equations in complex plane are frequently encountered in applied mathematics, e.g., power systems, signal processing, control theory, neural networks, and biomedicine, to name a few. The solution of these problems often requires a first- or second-order approximation of nonlinear functions to generate a new step or descent direction to meet the solution iteratively. However, such methods cannot be applied to functions of complex and complex conjugate variables because they are necessarily nonanalytic. To overcome this problem, the Wirtinger calculus allows an expansion of nonlinear functions in its original complex and complex conjugate variables once they are analytic in their argument as a whole. Thus, the goal is to apply this methodology for solving nonlinear systems of equations emerged from applications in the industry. For instances, the complex-valued Jacobian matrix emerged from the power flow analysis model which is solved by Newton-Raphson method can be exactly determined. Similarly, overdetermined Jacobian matrices can be dealt, e.g., through the Gauss-Newton method in complex plane aimed to solve power system state estimation problems. Finally, the factorization method of the aforementioned Jacobian matrices is addressed through the fast Givens transformation algorithm which means the square root-free Givens rotations method in complex plane.

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Jamnal, Gopal Singh, Xiaodong Liu, Lu Fan und Muthu Ramachandran. „Cognitive Internet of Everything (CIoE)“. In Securing the Internet of Things, 1212–38. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9866-4.ch055.

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In today's world, we are living in busy metropolitan cities and want our homes to be ambient intelligent enough towards our cognitive requirements for assisted living in smart space environment and an excellent smart home control system should not rely on the users' instructions (Wanglei, 2015). The ambient intelligence is a sensational new information technology paradigm in which people are empowered for assisted living through multiple IoTs sensors environment that are aware of inhabitant presence and context and highly sensitive, adaptive and responsive to their needs. A noble ambient intelligent environment are characterized by their ubiquity, transparency and intelligence which seamlessly integrated into the background and invisible to surrounded users/inhabitant. Cognitive IoE (Internet of Everything) is a new type of pervasive computing. As the ambient smart home is into research only from a couple of years, many research outcomes are lacking potentials in ambient intelligence and need to be more dug around for better outcomes. As a result, an effective architecture of CIoE for ambient intelligent space is missing in other researcher's work. An unsupervised and supervised methods of machine learning can be applied in order to classify the varied and complex user activities. In the first step, by using fuzzy set theory, the input dataset value can be fuzzified to obtain degree of membership for context from the physical layer. In the second step, using K-pattern clustering algorithms to discover pattern clusters and make dynamic rules based on identified patterns. This chapter provides an overview, critical evaluation of approaches and research directions to CIoE.

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Jamnal, Gopal Singh, Xiaodong Liu, Lu Fan und Muthu Ramachandran. „Cognitive Internet of Everything (CIoE)“. In Emerging Trends and Applications of the Internet of Things, 277–309. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2437-3.ch010.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Control algorithm for directional control valves"

Chen, J., W. E. Dixon, J. R. Wagner und D. M. Dawson. „Exponential Tracking Control of a Hydraulic Proportional Directional Valve and Cylinder via Integrator Backstepping“. In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32076.

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Hydraulic systems are widely used in manufacturing processes and transportation systems where energy intensive operations are performed and “machine” control is vital. A variety of flow control products exist including manual directional control valves, proportional directional control valves, and servo-valves. The selection of a control valve actuation strategy is dependent on the system response requirements, permissible pressure drop, and hardware cost. Although high bandwidth servo-valves offer fast response times, the higher expense, susceptibility to debris, and pressure drop may be prohibitive. Thus, the question exists whether the economical proportional directional control valve’s performance can be sufficiently enhanced using nonlinear control strategies to begin approaching that of servo-valves. In this paper, exponential tracking control of a hydraulic cylinder and proportional directional control valve, with spool position feedback, is achieved for precise positioning of a mechanical load. An analytical and empirical mathematical model is developed which describes the transient behavior of the integrated components. A nonlinear backstepping control algorithm is designed to accommodate inherent system nonlinearities.

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Buono, Dario, Adolfo Senatore, Emma Frosina, Wade Gehlhoff und Ina I. Costin. „Simulation and Experimental Investigations of a Digital High Speed Close Loop Proportional Directional Valve Using a Solenoid Technology“. In BATH/ASME 2016 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2016-1748.

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This paper describes the design, simulation and testing of a high response servo-proportional valve. The purpose of this work is to study the possibilities, using a modeling technology, to increase the dynamic performance of a servo-proportional directional developing new algorithms for the digital control system. The development of digital technology, introduced also in the control of proportional valves, have led to the reduction of the differences between the overall characteristics of proportional and servo valves so that the proportional ones can be a suitable solution in many applications, where servo-valves are traditionally used. The mathematical model of the servo-proportional valve has been developed by using the commercial software AMESim® (Advanced Modeling and Simulation Environment for Systems Engineering). The model includes the proportional solenoid and the linear transducer. Digital control of the proportional valve proposed in this paper, is a key part of this research. Its mathematical model and the control algorithm have been built using Matlab®. Both models have been run in co-simulation to improve the overall valve performance. The experimental tests have been performed in the labs of Duplomatic Oleodinamica SpA and Continental Hydraulic Inc. The data have been used to validate the simulation models.

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Chen, Guishun, Guanglin Shi und Ruijia Huang. „Research on Double-Axis Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Loading Control System With Intelligent Dual-PID for Membrane Materials“. In ASME/BATH 2014 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2014-7824.

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Membrane material is one kind of special material with nonlinear feature. Its mechanical characteristic is so complicated and anisotropic that the performance is quite different between the single-axis loading and the double-axis loading. So the experimental results with the single-axis loading will usually lead to unexpected results. With the development and widely application of membrane materials, the double-axis property experiment plays an increasingly important role all around the world. Considering the situation mentioned above, a double-axis electro-hydraulic proportional loading control system with intelligent dual-PID is proposed in this paper, which controls four cylinders respectively with the help of four electro-hydraulic proportional directional valves. The cylinders provide pulling force to membrane material directly under the control of electro-hydraulic proportional directional valves. And the opening of each electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve is adjusted by intelligent dual-PID according to the pulling force as well as the position of cylinder. The simulation model of double-axis electro-hydraulic proportional loading control system with intelligent dual-PID is built and an intelligent dual-PID algorithm is also designed in this paper. The simulation and experiments show that the double-axis electro-hydraulic proportional loading control system with intelligent dual-PID can fulfill the loading precision requirement of double-axis membrane material experiment.

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Kolks, Giacomo, und Jürgen Weber. „Controller Design for Precise and Efficient Industrial Cylinder Drives Using Independent Metering Valves“. In 9th FPNI Ph.D. Symposium on Fluid Power. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpni2016-1514.

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Valve controlled cylinder drives are an obvious choice whenever high loads are manipulated in translational motion with demanding requirements in terms of dynamic properties, accuracy, and costs. Improvements of energetic efficiency of valve control can be achieved by separating metering edges, allowing for different operating modes and thus adapting to different load scenarios. In this paper, multiple-input-multiple-output closed loop control approaches are investigated in order to control cylinder speed and pressure in one cylinder chamber for a configuration with five 2/2-directional valves. By utilizing the flatness property of the system, the flatness-based tracking controller and the flatness based internal model controller will be described, developed and tested. They are adapted to the excessive number of command variables by introducing extended input. Based on validation on a test rig, the characteristics of both control approaches are pointed out. The control strategy is fitted to a smooth mode switching algorithm published by the authors previously. It is shown that by making use of the degrees of freedom involved in the presented system, different operating modes can be switched smoothly in closed loop control. This contributes to the applicability of energetic potentials of independent metering.

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Scherrer, Matthias, Rudolf Scheidl und Bernhard Manhartsgruber. „Optimization of a Snap Through Spring for a Hydraulic Valve With Hysteresis Response Behavior“. In ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1680.

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Abstract The hydraulic binary counter requires switching valves with a hysteretic response. In this paper an elastic snap through element is studied as means for that. The concept is based on a buckling beam which is elastically supported in axial direction in order to adjust its buckling properties with moderate manufacturing precision and to assure a well defined snap through behavior. The elastic support is provided by a cantilever beam. A rigorous optimization is performed heading for a most compact and fatigue durable design which exhibits the required lateral force displacement characteristics. A genetic algorithm is used to find the global design optimum. The stress/displacement properties of each design variant are computed by a compact model of the snap through system. It is derived by a Ritz method to obtain approximate solutions of the nonlinear buckling beam behavior. Its validity is checked by a Finite Element model. A compact design is possible if high strength spring steel is used for the elastic elements.

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Daher, N., und M. Ivantysynova. „System Synthesis and Controller Design of a Novel Pump Controlled Steer-by-Wire System Employing Modern Control Techniques“. In ASME/BATH 2013 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2013-4410.

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The demand for power steering systems primarily stemmed from the need for providing assistance to operators in achieving their heading directions, especially as transportation vehicles kept growing in size and mass. While the main requirements for the primitive systems were adequate assistance levels and acceptable controllability, today’s requirements are much different. Given the increased awareness and attention to energy efficiency, productivity, and safety, the field for researching alternative technologies is virtually open. Present-day power steering architectures include hydraulic, electric, and electro-hydraulic structures, which vary based on their energy source, energy transmission, and energy management schemes. Hydraulic power steering is plagued with poor energy efficiency mainly due to throttling losses associated with hydraulic control valves. Electric power steering systems offer better energy efficiency with on-demand power supply and result in improved packaging constraints, but suffer from power limitations at larger scales. State-of-the-art electrohydraulic steering systems take advantage of the high power density and efficiency of fluid power, but use electronically controlled valves that still suffer from energy inefficiency. This paper introduces a novel electro-hydraulic power steering system that utilizes a proven energy-saving technology, pump displacement control (DC), which eliminates throttling losses associated with hydraulic control valves by controlling the displacement of a variable displacement pump. DC has been applied to the working hydraulics of mobile machines, active vibration damping, and machine power management strategies. However, for the first time this technology is being investigated and applied to steering systems, which presents a unique opportunity to solve the pressing challenges and highlight the benefits of such systems. A DC steering system lends itself to high energy efficiency (lower fuel consumption/emissions), greater machine productivity and reduced operator fatigue, and active safety for counteracting instabilities. The paper presents the new concept; reviews the dynamic models of the hydraulics subsystem and the dynamics subsystem; summarizes the system synthesis with focus on stability; and finally describes the primary controller design based on modern control techniques via state space formulation and full state feedback methods. To allow for designing a controller at the system level, vehicle dynamics equations of motion and pressure-flow equations are merged together to form a single-input single-output (SISO) system with the desired input and output in mind. Simulation results are provided to validate the control algorithm relative to the specified performance requirements.

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Mesturini, Davide, Cesare Dolcin, Ulderico Busani, Pietro Marani, Antonella Bonavolontà und Emma Frosina. „Optimization of directional control valves through downstream compensation approach“. In 12th International Fluid Power Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2020.77.

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Pydah, Sreeram, und Daniel F. Dolan. „Selection of Directional Control Valves Using a Knowledge-Based System“. In 1989 SAE International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/891832.

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Jakobsen, J. H., und M. R. Hansen. „Synthetic Esters and Dynamics of Pressure Compensated Proportional Directional Control Valves“. In BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2018-8933.

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The purpose of this paper is to help reduce the uncertainty in behavior introduced when changing hydraulic oil from mineral oil (HLP) to biodegradable oil (synthetic esters - HEES) by comparing the behavior of proportional valves with HLP and with HEES at various temperatures. The focus of this article is on classic proportional valves used in the industry. The study is based on tests and modelling with characterization of dynamic behavior in mind. The characterization is based on tests of two pressure compensated proportional valves, one with closed loop control of the spool position, and one without. The two ester types tested are one based on a saturated, fully synthetic ester and a regular fully synthetic ester. The tests consist of steps and frequency responses. Both valves are tested at oil temperatures 20°C, 40°C and 60°C. The adopted models are based on a third order linear model with parameters identified using frequency responses from actual valve tests. The variation of amplitude and bias has some influence on the resulting frequency response especially at lower temperatures. But the general tendencies are unaffected by amplitude and bias. As expected a clear tendency for both valves of increasing dampening at decreasing temperatures is seen regardless of oil type, but the increase in dampening is similar for all oil types. The saturated ester leads to less bandwidth at lower temperatures for both valves, but the overall variations between all oil types stay within 1.66Hz of each other when tested with the same test parameters. The investigation indicates that the difference in dynamic characteristics at 20°C caused by the different oil types can not be explained with variations in any single one of the classic liquid properties density and viscosity and more investigations are needed to identify the cause.

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Hannon, C. L., B. J. Krass, J. Gerstmann, G. Chaudhry, J. G. Brisson und J. L. Smith. „Development and Testing of a Small-Scale Collins Type Cryocooler“. In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60388.

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Future spacecraft cooling and sensing systems will require advanced multi-stage cryocoolers capable of providing continuous cooling at multiple temperature levels ranging from 10K to 95K. A multi-stage 10K cryocooler is under development that applies modern microelectronic sophistication to achieve high efficiency in a reliable, compact design. The cryocooler is based upon a novel modification of the Collins cycle, a cycle commonly used in many high-efficiency terrestrial cryogenic machines. Innovations of the design include floating piston expanders and electromagnetic smart valves, which eliminate the need for mechanical linkages and thereby reduce the input power, size, and weight of the cryocooler in an affordable modular design. The floating piston expander and smart valves have been successfully developed in room temperature experiments using a series of proof-of-concept component prototypes. These experiments have resulted in a new warm-end configuration with improved expansion power dissipation and a new cryogenic valve design that reduces expander clearance volume and improves cold-end integration. A sophisticated LabView based control algorithm was developed over the course of the room temperature experiments that enables electronic control of the expansion cycle. Software based control will enable variable valve timing and adaptive control logic. This will result in a cryocooler with rapid cool-down and transient response capabilities as well as the ability to operate at high efficiency at arbitrary steady state load points. In parallel to this effort, a manufacturing method was developed to enable production of very long continuous lengths of small bore finned tubing. This tubing is used in the highly effective recuperative heat exchanger associated with each stage of the cryocooler. An engineering prototype has been designed that integrates the floating piston expander and recuperative heat exchanger as a functional cryocooler. The engineering prototype has been assembled and is currently undergoing development testing. This paper will present the results of the room temperature component development testing, the design of the engineering prototype, the results of initial engineering prototype development testing, and the direction of future development.

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