Dissertationen zum Thema „Contracts for concurrency“
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Sousa, Diogo Miguel Gaspar de. „Preventing atomicity violations with contracts“. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11471.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - research project Synergy-VM(PTDC/EIA-EIA/113613/2009)
Fiedor, Jan. „Praktické metody automatizované verifikace paralelních programů“. Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412575.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleŽárský, Jan. „Instrumentace Java programů, kontrakty pro paralelismus“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445489.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarcía-Trevijano, Garnica Ernesto. „On the Concurrence of Termination events in the Same Administrative Contract“. Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118438.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl estudio aborda la forma en la que, a juicio del autor, hay que resolver el problema de laconcurrencia de causas de resolución sobre un mismo contrato administrativo. Es bastante habitual que las partes se imputen incumplimientos recíprocos, o que coexistan causas de resolución del contrato con efectos distintos cada una de ellas. En tales situaciones, hay que determinar la causa de resolución que debe aplicarse de manera prioritaria, con sus efectos anejos.En este contexto, se alude a la doctrina del Consejo de Estado español, relativa a considerar de aplicación prioritaria la causa de resolución que aparezca antes en el tiempo. Ahora bien, el autor considera que debe atenderse a la prioridad cronológica, no en la «aparición» de la causa de resolución, sino en su «activación». La regla general es que las causas de resolución sean de utilización potestativa por la parte en el contrato que no las provocó; ello se traduce en que aun cuando exista la circunstancia material que justifica la existencia de la causa de resolución, sin embargo ello no significa que quien puede hacerla valer efectivamente la ponga en funcionamiento (la active). Concluye por ello el autor que es la prioridad en el tiempo de la«activación» (y no de la simple «aparición») la que determina la causa de resolución del contratoque deberá aplicarse prioritariamente cuando concurran varias causas de resolución.
Hasquenoph, Isabelle. „Contrats publics et concurrence“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D237%26selfsize%3D1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to thoroughly investigate the relationship between public contracts and competition. Analysing the confrontation of public contracts with competition highlights that these contracts represent a market economy activity. This confrontation takes shape in both dimensions of the competition : inside and outside the contractual framework. The award and performance of public contracts have an impact on the market, leading to a reassessment of the distinction between public authority and undertakings. This confrontation entails amendments within the rules of law applicable to competition and public contracts. On the one hand, competition rules are adjusted towards more flexibility in order to take into account the general interest impregnating the contract or the presence of a public person ; on the other hand, they are also reinforced in order to better appreciate the behaviour of public persons. As for public contract law, it appears to be a supply law, complementary to competition law. The general interest that has traditionally permeated the public contract regime does not appear to have been weakened : competition is indeed one of its components that must be reconciled with others. Historical analysis also helps putting into perspective the disruption brought about by European Union law : since the 19th century, the French administrative judge had the means to guarantee competition in the public contractual framework
Fortunato, Aurelien. „Clauses et pratiques restrictives de concurrence“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGenerally, the law is careful to distinguish between the clauses, part of a legal act, and practices, that are legal facts. Yet, the law about restrictive competition practices seems to realise an assimilation of these two concepts, and provide the classification of a clause in restrictive competitive practice. The study analyses the classification of a clause into practice by proposing a criterion and pondering its effects: possible challenge clauses on the bases of the right of restrictive practices. By inviting a reflection on this aspect of the law of restrictive practices, it is also to question the aims of this particular law, as well as on the possibility of a better integration of the challenge clauses in a law about unfair trade practices between professionals in construction
Barros, Pedro Loura. „Linguagem concurrent Contract-Java“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21754.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResumo não disponivel
The goal of this thesis is the study on the integration of mechanisms from concurrent programming, objected-oriented languages, and Designby- Contract. We propose a new language, Concurrent Contract-Java (CCJava), that's an extension of Contract-Java, a language that has extended Java with Design-by-Contract language mechanisms. CCJava aims to ease object-oriented concurrent programming, ensuring safety (no race conditions will occur) and abstracting away lower level concurrent realizations such as the choice for shared object synchronization schemes. It reuses the semantics of Java mechanisms, together with the semantics of objects and Design-by-Contract constructs, providing simple and expressive language mechanisms for concurrency. CCJava guarantees all aspects of a shared object's concurrent utilization and thread creation, using only two new language keywords: shared, and remote. A compiler was developed implementing the more important language mechanisms, and used as a proof of concept of our proposals
Ostojski, Laurent. „Les conditions de vente à l'épreuve du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS015S.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle“Root of any commercial negotiation”, Conditions of Sale (i. E. General conditions of sale, specific conditions of sale and retailing global contracts) are essential for business. Yet, subject to the combined influence of two opposing rights: contract law and competition law, they raise many questions in practice. Is market transparency compatible with freedom of contract? If so, will this freedom emphasize the existing economic imbalances? Can the law-maker admit negotiability without abandoning the idea of effective controls? Although they exist, all these obstacles do not seem insurmountable. As long as their roles are clearly redefined, contract and competition laws can be reconciled. Thanks to a fixed and transparent basis as well as limitations, the parties would be allowed to tailor their agreement to their needs without any risk of imbalance. Formalized, such contract would also make the legislator sure that it doesn’t contain competition distorting clauses
Lama, Bustinza José Andrés. „Concurrent delay: proposed solution to a shared responsibility“. THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123864.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToda operación contractual conlleva un riesgo, el cual puede ser asumido por una de las partes según lo convenido. En ese contexto, es habitual que se presenten casos de demora (por causas concurrentes imputable a ambas partes, lo cual puede generar una gran dificultad al momento de asignar el riesgo. En el presente artículo, el autor explica, desde una perspectiva comparada, las diferentes posibilidades de solución frente a las controverisas relacionadas con la mora concurrente. Se analiza las diversas doctrinas desarrolladas tanto en la tradición del Civil Law como del Common Law.
Akoka, Fanette. „Contrats de la commande publique et environnement“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0510.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe worrisome environmental situation has led to a diversification in the types of legal actions leading to its protection. Public procurement, endowed with a strong economic power, qualifies as a public policy lever. Public procurement can thus be a medium for environmental protection. Its scope is relativized by the sources of the contracts studied, which prioritize free competition over the environment, and by their implementation. The latter, strongly conditioned by competitive imperatives and by the principles of public procurement, is confronted with extrinsic obstacles to the contract, such as unilateral administrative acts with an environmental focus. Public procurement contracts contribute « de lege lata » to the protection of the environment, by virtue of certain legislative obligations, through the insertion of the environment in conventional contractual mechanisms and by the emergence of new (pre)contractual techniques that are aimed at environmental quality and performance. The systematization of the integration of the environment into public procurement by means of legislative obligations coupled with inducements is leading to comprehensive « de lege ferenda » protection of the environment through public procurement
Babahacene, Sarah Fadila. „L'après contrat de distribution“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe distribution contract, legal framework, governed at the time of its formation by a legal and jurisprudential construction at the preliminary contract, and during its execution by the Civil Code, the Commercial Code and the rules of competition law. The question arises, however, what governs beyond its end. This particular period is named : the post-contract distribution. Whatever the reason for termination, when the distribution contract is over, it is necessary to consider the nature of the rules governing post-contractual relationship between contractors. Today, the general law of contracts is insufficient about the liquidation of the contractual past between distributor and supplier. Another right emerge, influenced in part, by the economy and the internationalization of the distribution contract involving the inspiration of foreign laws; Community and international law, but also, many reform projects of obligations laws. All these reflexions will establish a more practical approach to the legal regime applies to this complex period of the post-contract distribution
Hautier, Aurélie. „La mise en concurrence des contrats publics : le cas du secteur ferroviaire“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe phase of weighing different alternatives in the public procurement process consists, for the rail industry, of examining the scope and use of public procurement contracts as tools in an era of impending privatization. The underlying reasoning behind the French Public Procurement Code is structured around a thematicapproach; the code first draws the broad distinction between public procurement contracts and concessions, and then proceeds to subdivide these into chronological themes corresponding to the different phases of public procurement. One of the initial phases consists of defining the public entity’s needs. During this phase, the contracting entity must, in particular, examine the full range of the solutions at its disposal to meet these needs. It is precisely during this phase of “weighing the alternatives”, in terms of available solutions, that the choice of the appropriate type of contractual arrangement is made. One of the first steps is to verify whether the public entity’s needs can be met internally through strategies such as internal public-sector relations (e.g. in-house provision, related companies, cooperation, joint ventures), as well as whether other entities ofthe group might be able to provide support through procurement synergies (including group purchasing). If this phase shows that turning to external entities is the best option, the choice of the appropriate contract still remains to be made. To make this choice, all of the available contractual arrangements and/or tools must be compared in light of a variety of criteria, which can include the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the contracts themselves, such as the nature of the contract, the risks involved (legal or otherwise), and the impact of privatization
Henderycksen, Christopher. „La règle de raison et les contrats“. Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDONATI, NADIA. „Concurrence et contrats dans le traitement des ordures menageres“. Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLocal waste management is more and more contracted out to private societies. Those contracts are public markets, which implies preliminary bidding. Now, poor competition and latitudinarian pricing endanger efficiency of long term contracts. This appeal for tow types of solution. First, local administrations should specify schedules of conditions in a way that raise competition in a horizontal differentiation framework. Rents might shrink as collusive pricing becomes more difficult. Second, cutting down contracts length would bring prices nearer to costs and spur emulation. Yet, short-term contracts might also kill incentives to preventive maintenance. Alleviating intertemporal moral hazard implies to restore some long-term commitments, like taking account of previous performances when choosing new agent. Solving both long-term drifting and moral hazard is still possible by privatizing sewage plants. This would leave more room to maneuver to local administrations. Pricing openness and competition intensity would be ensured by short term contracts, while purely private management of the plant could guarantee the service efficiency
Bosco, David. „Le contrat exclusif“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes to study the exclusive contracts and their role in the market and in the contractual relationship. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the current approach of exclusivité would be better if it can consider the efficiency of exclusivity in a better way
Poissonnier, Delphine. „La politique de la concurrence et le droit des contrats“. Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe combination, initially incongruous, between European Union competition policies and contracts law has always been considered complimentary for one another. This relation, however, does not allow us to grasp aIl legal implications. A distinctive interpretation regarding contracts was originated by the E. U. Law. This interpretation requires, in a forecasting dynamic, to determine to what extend the E. U. Policy of competition concerning contracts can set up a register for contracts law in E. U. , through a potential E. U. Distribution policy
Danton, de Bony Anne. „Les contrats de cooperation entre entreprises“. Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05D002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCooperation agreements inbetween companies : a new juridical frame adapted to a new economical situation. The study of the juridical notion of contractual cooperation and of its specific contractual dispositions
Courtès, Marc. „Dépendance économique et abus de dépendance économique en droit de la concurrence et en droit des contrats“. Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharaf, Mohammad. „La clause de non-concurrence au carrefour du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence“. Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100068.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe non-competition clause is governed by two sets of legal rules: contractual rules and competition rules. The duality of the general regime of the non-competition clause occurs in the context of fundamental notions of private Law such as the notion of cause, good faith, loyalty and invalidity. The intersection of the two regimes within the non-competition clause constitutes its singularity. While competition rules follow an economic logic, contractual rules affects the conditions of contract formation and the sanctions that apply whenever such conditions are not met. These conditions are subject to a continuous development in the different types of contracts where the non-competition clause is inserted. This is the case for example in distribution contracts, labor contracts, business transfers, electronic contracts and franchise contracts. The present study aims to establish a systematization of the general regime of the no-competition clause. This study will show that such a regime is mainly a contractual regime, composed of the rules of contract Law that borrows the rules of competition law in order to fill the gaps of contracts law
Claudel, Emmanuelle. „Ententes anticoncurrentielles et droit des contrats“. Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100195.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrench and EEC antitrust law create some annoyances for companies and give rise to interrogation points for authors. Indeed, interference into the contractual relations by the authorities takes on an unprecedented extent. This interference operates into different ways. The contracts or provisions of contract which violate the antitrust regulation are unenforceable. Unenforceability is one of the necessary sanctions because it draws civil inference from a decision of those authorities. However, this sanction is not well adapted for antitrust. A number of specific regulations in this matter disturb its implementation. Competent authorities have at their disposal some more efficient and adapted legal tools to interfere into the contract, which are on one hand, the exemption and, on the other hand, the injunction. Those two legal technics, the former is privileged and the letter is coercive, are means for the authorities to watch out and to adjust the contractual area. Companies do not favorably receive such interference. They consider the possible sanctions as unforeseeable because they are unavoidable. A particular behavior is rarely uncompetitive by itself: in fact, the economical or legal contexts justify such prohibition. However, companies do not control the context. Moreover, the authorities in matter of competition are not always respectful of the prerequisite conditions to this prohibition. There are two necessary bases of the interference by the authorities into
Nienaltowski, Piotr. „Practical framework for contract-based concurrent object-oriented programming /“. Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGilliéron, Hubert Orso. „Les contrats verticaux en droit communautaire et suisse de la concurrence /“. Zürich [u.a.] : Schulthess [u.a.], 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/486948048.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUbaud-Bergeron, Marion. „La mutabilité du contrat administratif“. Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEréséo, Nicolas. „L'exclusivité contractuelle“. Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleÖzcan, Cem. „Les droits du sportif professionnel : étude de droit européen et français“. Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe penetration of the market rules in the professionnal sport has changed the structure of the rights of professionnal athletes. The right of the free mouvement in the European Union was won by the famous decision Bosman and it created new perspectives for the professionnal athletes. On the other hand the problems which were created by these changements made necessary to think seriously about the specific aspects of the sport
Lebreton, Sylvie. „L'exclusivité contractuelle et les comportements opportunistes : étude particulière aux contrats de distribution /“. Paris : Litec, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388197543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDouche-Doyette, Nathalie. „La sanction de la violation du droit de la consommation dans les contrats de consommation“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0226/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe second half of the 20th century has been marked by the emergence ofconsumer society and correspondingly by the evolution of a new area of law: consumer law. This field of law can be defined as a body of rules aiming at protecting the interests of consumers and which is essentially applied in the context of consumer contracts. The legislator has not established a general system of sanctions for the violation of consumer law provisions. The sanctions are mostly criminal in nature, while the civil sanctions are those provided for by general contract law.On the basis of the existing rules this thesis aims to establish a specific system ofsanctions common to all consumer contracts. The thesis is governed by the search for adequate sanctions which would increase the effectiveness of the legal rules as well as the effectiveness of the protection of consumers. The effectiveness of the reparative function of the sanctions is analysed separately from the effectiveness of their deterrent function. This distinction is necessary, since the reparative function of sanctions is determined by the situation of the victim of the violation of the rules, whereas the deterrent function of sanctions takes into account the situation of the person responsible for the violation
Raymond, Raphaële. „Droit commun et droit spécial des contrats d'affaires“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS026S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough viable in 1804, the separation of contractual matters into "general rules" and "rules particular to certain contracts" needs to be clarified today. On this basis, the purpose of this study is two-fold. In the first place, we propose a reading of the dialectics of common law and special law by counterbalancing ordinary rules and non-ordinary rules. It will be seen that the rules used to regulate contracts, currently outside the established order of Article 1107 of the Civil Code, are reinstated in contractual law. As such, competition law becomes special business contract law. In the second place, we endeavour to understand the organisation of this "new contractual order". By doing so, we bring to light the respective influence of the two sets of legal rules on the validity of contractual behaviour and contents and we assess the management of their coexistence
Chagny, Muriel. „Droit de la concurrence et droit commun des obligations“. Paris 1, 2002. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247098897.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguiyan, Fils Dieu Le Fit. „La compétition des droits dans l’Union Européenne : étude de droit des sociétés et de droit des contrats“. Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the publication of the first Doing Business reports issued by the World Bank, that ranked the different States according to the economic attractiveness of their laws, interest in regulatory competition has increased. Extensive research on the topic were conducted in order to contest or to bear witness of national laws competitiveness. The phenomenon projected however does not reflect the reality when the challenge involves regulatory models or law rules competition.Competition between the civil law model and the Anglo-American model seems real. Each model seeks to expand its influence outside the European Union either in the developing countries or in the emerging democracies. Within the European Union itself, each project represents an opportunity for both the legal cultures to make competition. It is thereforenecessary for the French law to weight the risks and benefits in order to preserve and stretch out its international influence.Regulatory competition seems questionable. The principles of freedom of establishment, free movement of goods and freedom to provide services inside the European Union create suitable conditions to set in motion regulatory competition. About contractual matters, liberalisation of choice-of-law and jurisdictions clauses, as well as the developmentof arbitration can foster economic actors to bypass imperative rules. The analysis of empirical data did not though confirm the existence of competition between the States as far as companies’ laws and contracts law are concerned.The benefit-cost analysis of the various opportunities has enabled us to explain the reluctance of the law rules competition actors on one hand, and encourage the French law to focus mainly on law models competition on the other hand
Narayan-Fourment, Hélène. „L'approche concurrentielle et contractuelle de la détermination du prix : (dans les ventes commerciales et les contrats-cadre)“. Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN20012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe price must be determined and fair. Emergence of new forms of competition lead to decide in favour of a price fixed by the parties in a sum either certain or determinable in the contract of sale and an excessively objectivised definition of that price. This evolution also compelled contract right to discover "master agreements" or "contrats-cadre". Therefore, competition right is the driving force of contract right evolution. Concerning price amount, competition right sets limits to the contractual liberty of the parties and ensures free play of competition. But this right especially intends to promote price control by throwing contractual relations out of balance in favour of the buyer. For its part, contract right does not prohibit contracting parties from protecting themselves against an inflationist risk. The aim of price control followed by competition right is partly taken over by contract right. However, the lack of balance created between competitors must be reasonable. Failure of contract right and lacunas of competition, right in fixing a fair price are obvious. Contract right only viewed fair price indirectly. The judge must sanction unfair price by means of lesion. However, the cognisance of the judge still depends on the weak party. Only competition right can define what a fair price is and ensure an effective cognisance of competent authorities. Others than the weak party may bring an action but the cognisance of jurisdictions and of the Council on Competition remains too elitist. Moreover, combining prohibitions of abuse of the state of economic dependence and of discriminatory practices leads the judge to decree a partial price regulation for which he is not qualified. Only equality brings justice. Since one cannot trust much in economic concentrations' regulation, it belongs to weak parties to join together to become stronger
Ghestin, Jacques. „The binding force of the Contract“. IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl autor inicia el presente artículo centrándose en cómo históricamente el contrato ha alcanzado dicha fuerza obligatoria; desde sus orígenes filosóficos, pasando por la palabra empeñada a una cuestión de fidelidad en la moral cristiana; hasta atribuirle la calidad de certeza como aporte en la economía y convertirse en un instrumento jurídico indispensable de previsión para las relaciones entre los particulares. Finalmente, en la segunda parte de este artículo, destacan principalmente las aplicaciones esenciales del contrato tanto entre las partes como frente a terceros, tratando también el rol del juez.
Choné, Anne-Sophie. „Les abus de domination : Essai en droit des contrats et en droit de la concurrence“. Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhilippon, Pascal. „Le contrat de non-opposition“. Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis subject covers two different kinds of contracts. On the one hand, we have a non-assertion patent right which is not a licence in the juridical sense, but which is quite similar. On the other hand, we have an agreement to avoid confusion between trade marks. In each case, the agreement must be conform to the law of contract. If a delimitation agreement is more restrictive than necessary, so as to infrige article 85, it will not merit the exemption of article 85. 3. An agreement not to use trademarks may, in principle, fall within article 85. 1
Gromb, Denis. „Contributions à l'économie financière et industrielle“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRiem, Fabrice. „La notion de transparence dans le droit de la concurrence“. Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProd'Homme-Faure, Isabelle. „Les aspects juridiques des interferences du consumerisme sur la concurrence“. Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN11020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConsumer and competition regulated by competition policy are connected from several points of view. Effective competition is believed to best serve consumer's interests on the market. But there are also conflicts. The formulation of an effective consumer protection aimed at correcting the failure of law. For trying to combine competition and consumer approches and to reconcile them, it is necessary to mention that consumerist philosophy attach too much importance to immediat consumers'interest and to the simple neo-classical theory of consumer behaviour in a context of a perfect competition. So, collaboration between those two forces ought to serve better the needs for which they were created
Curreli, Caroline Sandrine. „Les restrictions conventionnelles à l'activité économique“. Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe conventional limitations in the economic activity, meeting itself in the heart of numerous contractual plans, such as the contracts of business, in particular the contracts of distribution, the deeds of partnership, the transfer of business, but also the contracts of employment, are concerned by multiple legal regimes, the right of contracts, the right of the competition, company law, labor law. They so suffer from a defect of homogeneity. Nevertheless, beyond this explosion bound to the various instruments and domains of the right mobilizing, these conventional limitations in the economic activity present essential convergences. In a later contractual vocation, they have for ambition only the protection against certain way of competition. In contractual vocation, they strengthen and secure the links of the contracting parties, engendering on top of real positive obligations, in particular an obligation to contract. No-competition clause, clause of revocation-training, clause of non-restoring…so many terms to appoint the same obligation: a no-competition obligation. The conventional limitation, in spite of the accomplished case law efforts, deserves a unified legal regime allowing her to arrest in a homogeneous and clear way the numerous contractual declensions whose she is the object
Pietola, Matias. „Essays on Pricing and Competition“. Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis consists of an introduction and three self-contained chapters. The first and the third chapters analyze the interaction between competition and cooperation, whereas the second one is about pricing and incentives. Motivated by recent antitrust cases in the pharmaceutical industry, the first chapter studies the interplay between pay-for-delay settlements, licensing deals and litigation. The analysis highlights the externalities that they generate: pay-for-delay settlements reduce competition, which encourages entry; licensing and litigation make entering less profitable. Faced with multiple entrants, the incumbent exploits these externalities by offering licensing deals to some entrants or by pursuing litigation in order to decrease the cost of delaying contracts offered to others. The number of delayed entrants increases with patent strength. Entrants without pay-for-delay settlements pursue litigation for patents of intermediate strength; otherwise, they receive licensing deals. The second chapter studies the conditions under which an intermediary can decentralize the pricing decisions of a transaction to privately informed parties. The analysis shows that decentralized pricing is both necessary and sufficient for ex post incentive compatibility if the parties have negatively interdependent transaction values (as is often the case in transactions between buyers and sellers: an increase in the quality of the good makes purchasing it more attractive, but increases the seller’s opportunity cost). On the contrary, with positive interdependence, we obtain a negative result. The results provide new insights into robust trading mechanisms, the equivalence between Bayesian and dominant strategy implementation, tax incidence, and pricing in two-sided markets. The third chapter studies advertising sales’ cooperation between media platforms (television or radio channels, newspapers, etc.) that compete over content offered to consumers. A sales representation agreement, whereby one of the platforms delegates its advertising sales to another platform, in exchange for a fee per subscriber, not only increases the price of advertising, but also reduces content investment. Revenue sharing leads to even less content investment, as the platforms free-ride on the content paid by the other
Boulanger, David. „L'indétermination de l'objet pécuniaire des contrats engendrant vente de marchandises : contribution à la notion d'objet dans la théorie générale des obligations“. Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL20011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrench substantive law is particularly incoherent regarding the determination of the price in delivery contracts. Jurisprudence is very difficult to analyse and justify. And, in case the price cannot be determined, it imposes a devastating sanction, which results from the nullity of the contractual whole, whereas the indetermination of the price often is just pretence for distributors who are willing to swerve from a contractual relationship, from which they no longer take any advantage. However, although the main textual provisions in this case are the section 1129, paragraph 2, of the code of civil law, which requires that the purpose, in particular the pecuniary one, must be determinate or determinable, this text allows a solution in order to reduce difficulties. It authorises the parties of the delivery contract to decide freely that one of them, the supplier, the creditor for the price, will unilaterally state the price for the delivered merchandise as an execution of the initial agreement. In order to avoid abuses during the determination of the pecuniary object, the supplier will have to practise his bona fide power, under control of the judge. The latter will also be able to use, as a mean of control, domestic and. .
SITBON, ERIC. „La mise en concurrence dans les contrats de services publics locaux en france et au royaume-uni“. Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL20008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objectives, contents and scope of compulsory competitive tendering in relation to bidding for local public service contracts, differ from one legal system to the other and from one type of local public services contracts to the other (i. E. Ec public procurement law, the french law of public procurement and public services 'delegations', english local government contract law). Under both ec law and french law, competitive tendering can be formal (consisting mainly of the requirement for publication of a prior notice) or wide-ranging (open bid procedure). Under english law, so-called 'compulsory competitive tendering'is equivalent to a compulsory open bid procedure and is intended to put direct service organisations or direct labour organisations in competition with private companies. Under ec law, competitive tendering now only applies in relation to public procurement contracts and public works concessions, whilst under french law, its scope covers not only public procurement contracts but also public services 'delegations'. Under english law, compulsory competitive tendering only applies to local public procurement contracts. It is proposed that the requirements of compulsory competitive tendering in these three legal systems are harmonized through emphasing their similarities and by generalising the application of compulsory competitive tendering to all local public services contracts
Meur, Héloïse. „Les accords de distribution en droit international privé“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn private international law, the treatment of distribution contracts is both scattered and inconsistent. The distinction between contractual and non-contractual matters has led to assess separately the contractual and the economic aspects (related to competition law lato sensu) of this kind of agreements, although these aspects are inseparable. ln addition to this distinction, further difficulties specific to each of these aspects arise. From a contractual standpoint, the distinction between the framework agreement and its implementation contracts lead to a scattered treatment of distribution agreements. From an economic standpoint, some difficulties arise concerning the identification of the relevant method and the applicable rule of conflict as well as their implementation. Therefore, the regime applicable to distribution agreements is scattered and inconsistent. Such difficulties and inconsistencies can only be remedied thanks to clarified definitions of the notions of contractual matter and distribution agreements in European private international law. These clarified notions will then be the starting point to suggest rethought rules of conflict, compliant with the essence and specificities of distribution agreements, distinct from the classic « exchange-type » contracts. A suitable connecting criterion will then need to be associated to this redefined category. Given the omnipresence of international mandatory rules, such criterion will need to be objective and replace the principle of party autonomy which turns out to be mostly ineffective regarding distribution agreements
Acevedo, Alvear Natalia Andrea. „Licitación pública. Regulación y concurrencia“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
Esta memoria hace un análisis doctrinario y jurisprudencial de la licitación pública con el objetivo de obtener conclusiones respecto a la regulación actual, chilena y comparada, de la concurrencia que debe regir dentro de un proceso licitatorio, a fin de evitar ilícitos anticompetitivos durante su desarrollo, ya sea colusión de los oferentes o corrupción de la Administración. Para aquello se analizan los principios rectores de la licitación pública, en particular, libre concurrencia, igualdad de los oferentes, estricta sujeción a las bases y no formalización, junto a la regulación chilena y comparada que tiene por fin erradicar tales ilícitos anticompetitivos, junto a los parámetros que fija la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico con el fin de avanzar en ello. Posteriormente, se analiza la jurisprudencia de dos tribunales especiales con competencia para conocer de acciones relacionadas con licitaciones públicas: Tribunal de Contratación Pública y Tribunal de Defensa de la Libre Competencia. Ambos difieren en sus sentencias en cuanto a la aplicación de los principios estudiados y fijan criterios disímiles al establecer si un organismo público o los mismos oferentes han infringido la normativa respectiva
Lesueur, Sarah. „Le contrat de distribution sélective“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe selective distribution contract, or agreement, is a way of organizing the marketing of products which restricts provision to just those retailers able to meet certain qualitative marketing criteria. This may concern the terms related to the supply of products : price, payment, delivery, etc. , but also to the conditions required before orders will be taken : the sales outlet facility, its location, the skills of the retailer, etc. Frequently, however, the agreement relates to conditions beyond such requirements, and which are intented to maintain the brand's image. Retailers who do not meet the requirements imposed by the supplier will not receive the products. They can nevertheless challenge the supplier's refusal to sell to them, claiming unfair pratice restricting competition, or anticompetitive practice, either because the supplier is in a dominant position in the market, or because he takes refuge behind the understanding created by all the selective distribution contracts. The selective distribution contract thus gives rise to several legal issues : Concerning the legality of this arrangement, particularly as regards anticompetitive pratices, can the selective distribution contract be seen as a competitive advantage or disadvantage ? Is it intented to reinforce competitive rivalry or in fact on the contrary, does it create an anti-competitive effect ? Another problem arises when the excluded retailers resell products coming originally from selective distribution. Such behaviour does not seem unlawful compared to the principle of the contracts' relative effect and to that of freedom of trade and of industry, but can be to the "official" retailers' detriment throught the resulting harm to the brand's image. Is this type of parallel reselling valid ? Today, such contracts give rise to serious disputes. On the one hand, the retailers excluded from this type of distribution (particularly the supermarket chains) are often tempted to contest the network's validity. On the other, the network's exclusive nature may be harmed by parallel retailers, particularly via Internet product sales
Barbason, Aurélien. „L' avant-contrat de distribution“. Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCubaynes, Camille. „La durée des contrats administratifs“. Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe can easily perceive the notion of duration. However, it is rather difficult to give it an exact definition. It becomes even more delicate when it comes to identify the duration of public contracts. Neither of the legal doctrine nor the legislation or case law are helpful in solving questions about both the definition and limit of a contract’s duration. The diversity of the legal vocabulary reveals the inaccuracy of this notion. However, the duration of public contracts has to be precisely identified as it is a crucial datum of any contract, as well as a source and the object of various existing rules. As far as the study of public contracts has lead us, we can only notice that the apprehension of their duration is fragmented. Public contract law exclusively develops one aspect of the duration, which represents the amount of time during which the contract stands. This shows how the notion of duration is analyzed: itis a sort of tool used in order to frame the contract holder’s wage, but also indicates when to use properly competitive procedures. It is correct to state that the duration identifies the period during which the contract stands, however, it covers another aspect, which we aim to expose here. The duration of contract also represents the amount of time during which the contract is fulfilled, or executed, which is composed by a sum of delays. These two aspects of duration may often coincide but this is not always the case. It must be noted that these two sides have different functions, which justifies why we study them separately. Nevertheless, the legal regime remains the same whether we talk about one aspect or another. At the end of this study, we can report mutual influences. The object of the contract conditions its very own duration as its clauses set its evolution through the execution. At the same time, the duration of the public contract conditions various elements of its regime, especially when the contract stands fora substantial period of time
Rieben, Laurent. „La validité des contrats de distribution sélective et exclusive en droit communautaire, américain et suisse de la concurrence /“. Genève : Droz, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/336698135.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacomino, Faustine. „Le contrôle objectif de l'équilibre contractuel. Entre droit commun des contrats et droit des pratiques restrictives de concurrence“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleControl of contractual balance is one of the markers of contemporary contract law. Such control is grounded in several basic concepts: some authors refer to morality, while others invoke contractual justice or its economic relevance. Applied to imbalance between professionals, the tools implemented to ensure this control reveal the existence of objective control of the contracts’ expected balance. Although the subjective balance sought by the parties is not set aside, it is overshadowed by the determination of a kind of objective balance motivated by a will both to protect the weaker party and to promote a certain vision of the economy, and commercial exchanges. In this respect, restrictive practices law is an integrative discipline in which it is possible to combine protection of the weaker party with protection of the market. The influence of this discipline on common contract law and, conversely, the “civilization” of competition law under the influence of common law help better understand the mechanism of such objective control of contractual balance. This research aims to describe the objectification of identification criteria for contractual imbalance and the ways of remedying it. To this end, common contract law and law governing restrictive competition practices will be compared to shed light on such control in both these areas. More specifically, this thesis proposes to thwart phenomena of superimposition of and competition between existing systems for the objective control of contractual balance in both these disciplines through precise identification of their fields of application and their respective purposes. It also aspires to describe the functions of such objective control for both the parties and the market by emphasizing the need to examine these contracts by taking into consideration together both their micro and macroeconomic dimensions
Labazée, Sophie. „La validité des conventions entre personnes publiques au regard du droit de l'action administrative“. Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhenomenon initially marginal, resulting to the contractual process in the relations among public persons became really widespread from the 1980. Naturally, the phenomenon did not miss to arouse the interest of the doctrine, which did not miss to dedicate numerous theses to it, most recently. But while these last ones envisaged all the problems set by these contracts, the practice made gradually appear a central problem, deserving a particular deepening : that of the validity of the agreements concerned. It is necessary to say that the latter seems particularly threatened today ; because, as the capacity of the public persons to contract is already limited by the rules linked to their competence, the legality of such initiatives is also conditioned by the respect for the right of the competition which, in this domain, has become more and more constraining, these last years
Harmim, Dominik. „Pokročilá statická analýza atomičnosti v paralelních programech v prostředí Facebook Infer“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445592.
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