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Tursunova, Mukhlisa V. „CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL THOUGHTS IN “ENGLAND, ENGLAND”“. American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 02, Nr. 06 (01.06.2022): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume02issue06-19.
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The article investigates the latest critical views in England by analyzing a postmodern novel “England, England” by contemporary British author Julian Barnes, applying the postmodernist theory of deconstruction fostered by French philosopher Jacques Derrida. The theory’s main components such as the tension between memory and fidelity, heterogeneity, a break and absolute newness are regarded as the focus in examining and understanding highly developed current societies that are rejecting the mere objectivity of earlier movements and praising the diversity of truth.
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Kim, Dae Joong. „Negativity and Difference: Adorno and Deleuze’s Philosophical Perspectives in the Kafkaesque World“. Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 28, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2023.28.2.31.
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This essay aims to comparatively discuss the differences and similarities between the ideas on difference and identity put forth by two prominent Western thinkers of contemporary theories: Gilles Deleuze, a French philosopher, and Theodore Adorno, a German philosopher. Rather than a purely philosophical comparative study, this research focuses specifically on the comparison of both thinkers’ discussions of Kafka’s works. Adorno has been regarded as the philosopher of negativity, while Deleuze is seen as the philosopher of positivity and life. Although both philosophers perceive the world differently, they both strive to deconstruct Western ideas of identity in order to revive the concept of ‘difference.’ Identity and difference have been topics of extensive philosophical discussion and hold relevance in contemporary areas such as community, politics, and ethics. The essay begins by presenting the thoughts of Hegel and Heidegger on difference and identity, before delving into Adorno’s deconstruction of these ideas and his exploration of negativity as a means to disrupt identity. In comparison to Adorno, Deleuze develops the notion of difference itself as a pathway to the realm of becoming. The latter half of the essay compares both thinkers’ discussions of Kafka’s world: Adorno’s analysis of the Kafkaesque in light of non-identity, and Deleuze’s examination of minor literature and the concept of the line of flight.
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Xun, Ping, Shuai Huang und Ning Bo Liu. „Study of Architecture and Environment Design Based on the Fold Theory of Deleuze“. Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (Dezember 2014): 1661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1661.
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Based on the smooth space thinking proposed by contemporary French philosopher Deleuze, this paper describes the ideas of architectural design from the mutual transition and conversion of buildings and environment, and the design of smooth space total three aspects, to provide the reference for future architectural design.
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Barevičiūtė, Jovilė. „THE CONCEPTION OF CONTEMPORARY HYPERCIVILIZATION: J. BAUDRILLARD“. CREATIVITY STUDIES 2, Nr. 2 (31.12.2009): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029-0187.2009.2.153-171.
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The article deals with the conception of hypercivilization that was developed by contemporary French media philosopher Jean Baudrillard and discusses its originality, innovation and philosophical‐sociological validity. It is compared with the classical conception of Western civilization, highlighting their basic similarities and differences. The author investigates the relationships between classical Western civilization and traditional metaphysics and between contemporary hypercivilization and pataphysics. The first section of the article is introduced to the meaning and problematicity of the concept of civilization, analyzing the connections between the concepts of civilization and culture. The second section discusses traditional French concept of civilization. The third section analyzes and interprets the conception of hypercivilization of Baudrillard. The last one from a critical thinking perspective discusses the philosophical‐sociological validity of the conception of hypercivilization of Baudrillard, seeking for possible parallels with the conception of classical Western civilization.
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Shults, Eduard E. „Fake News in Contemporary Communication Processes“. RUDN Journal of Public Administration 9, Nr. 3 (14.10.2022): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2022-9-3-263-274.
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The article focuses on the phenomenon of fake news in contemporary communication processes. The article analyzes the characteristic features of fake news in terms of disinformation, interference by foreign actors, manipulation, media messages aimed at increasing demand. Fake news is considered from the standpoint of mediating society and the emergence of the concept of “media democracy”. The author concludes that the phenomenon of “fake news” becomes a structural concept in modern media, which is associated with the peculiarities of media and social psychology. This phenomenon fits into the peculiarity of modern society, which the French philosopher J. Baudrillard designated as a simulacrum.
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Shults, Eduard E. „Fake News in Contemporary Communication Processes“. RUDN Journal of Public Administration 9, Nr. 3 (14.10.2022): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2022-9-3-262-273.
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The article focuses on the phenomenon of fake news in contemporary communication processes. The article analyzes the characteristic features of fake news in terms of disinformation, interference by foreign actors, manipulation, media messages aimed at increasing demand. Fake news is considered from the standpoint of mediating society and the emergence of the concept of “media democracy”. The author concludes that the phenomenon of “fake news” becomes a structural concept in modern media, which is associated with the peculiarities of media and social psychology. This phenomenon fits into the peculiarity of modern society, which the French philosopher J. Baudrillard designated as a simulacrum.
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Freed-Thall, Hannah. „Heartsick: The Language of French Disgust“. Modern Language Quarterly 79, Nr. 4 (01.12.2018): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-7103422.
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Abstract The rhetoric of revulsion has shaped French cultural modernity. This essay examines salient forms of nineteenth- and twentieth-century French literary disgust, then turns to écœurement (heartsickness) as a contemporary case study. Écœurement is key to the work of the philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy and the novelist and playwright Marie NDiaye. These thinkers embrace heartsickness as a state of exposure that unsettles discourses of philosophical mastery and practices of social refinement. The essay thus shows that the language of disgust is not necessarily reactionary and nostalgic—as has often been argued—but can enable new forms of collective resistance and attachment.
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Hawkins, Spencer. „Theory of a practice: A foundation for Blumenberg’s metaphorology in Ricoeur’s theory of metaphor“. Thesis Eleven 155, Nr. 1 (21.11.2019): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513619888665.
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Hans Blumenberg is celebrated for demonstrating that metaphors have had a more foundational influence than concepts on European intellectual history. Many acknowledge that his insights might have achieved even greater impact if he had articulated a more explicit theory of metaphor. In 1960 Blumenberg discusses the historical formation of metaphors that have given rise to meaningful discourses on metaphysical abstractions, like God, existence, or Being, but he does not develop a general model of metaphoric language, and his work rarely engages with other contemporary theories of metaphor. During Blumenberg’s lifetime, French and German postwar philosophers rarely cited one another. Yet French hermeneutics, and the work of philosopher Paul Ricoeur in particular, may have strongly influenced Blumenberg’s research group, Poetik und Hermeneutik. This paper is an attempt to recuperate intellectual affinities between Blumenberg and Ricoeur, in order to demonstrate that Ricoeur’s claims about metaphor provide the theoretical background for a fuller appreciation of Blumenberg’s metaphor analyses.
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Barria-Asenjo, Nicol A. „Alain Badiou a Life and a System of Thought:“. Aitías, Revista de Estudios Filosóficos del Centro de Estudios Humanísticos de la UANL 3, Nr. 5 (17.05.2023): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/aitas3.5-56.
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"L'histoire des idees", has a nominal existence in the period of the Enlightenment, that is to say, it has its origins in the 19th century in France. From the moment of its appearance and establishment as an independent field, it maintained a close and complementary relationship with philosophy. At present, the History of Ideas is a field in dialogue with History, Historiography, Philosophy and even Psychoanalysis. It is necessary to return to the French intellectual terrain, to the living history and intellectual production of our time in order to analyze the contribution that French philosophers make to the history of Ideas in the 21st century. Specifically, to pay special attention to the system of thought created by the philosopher Alain Badiou. The present document, which emerges as an initial and introductory kick-off to a more complex project, is a general reading and analysis of some of Badiou's contributions to contemporary philosophy.
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Barrett, Cyril. „Merleau-Ponty and the Phenomenology of Perception“. Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 21 (März 1987): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100003520.
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It is over forty years since Merleau-Ponty published his first major work, Le structure de comportement (‘The Structure of Behaviour’) (1942) and a quarter of a century since he died. He belongs, therefore, with Sartre and Marcel, to the first post-War generation of French philosophers. Like his friend Sartre's, his philosophy may be regarded as dated, passé, of no interest or relevance to truly contemporary thought. In philosophical terms forty years are nothing; in terms of trends, fashions and novelties they are an eternity. But perhaps the work of Merleau-Ponty has not dated because it was never in vogue. He did not write plays and novels, or take part in political demonstrations, though he was involved in politics, or win a Nobel prize and refuse to receive it. He was very much a philosopher's philosopher, eminent in his field, well known in academic circles in France but hardly a household name. In this country he is hardly known even in philosophical circles, except by name. More is the pity, since his philosophical approach and manner of philosophizing have much in common with certain modes of British philosophizing, as I hope to show.
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Barrett, Cyril. „Merleau-Ponty and the Phenomenology of Perception“. Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 21 (März 1987): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00003527.
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It is over forty years since Merleau-Ponty published his first major work, Le structure de comportement (‘The Structure of Behaviour’) (1942) and a quarter of a century since he died. He belongs, therefore, with Sartre and Marcel, to the first post-War generation of French philosophers. Like his friend Sartre's, his philosophy may be regarded as dated, passé, of no interest or relevance to truly contemporary thought. In philosophical terms forty years are nothing; in terms of trends, fashions and novelties they are an eternity. But perhaps the work of Merleau-Ponty has not dated because it was never in vogue. He did not write plays and novels, or take part in political demonstrations, though he was involved in politics, or win a Nobel prize and refuse to receive it. He was very much a philosopher's philosopher, eminent in his field, well known in academic circles in France but hardly a household name. In this country he is hardly known even in philosophical circles, except by name. More is the pity, since his philosophical approach and manner of philosophizing have much in common with certain modes of British philosophizing, as I hope to show.
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Ravel, Jeffrey S. „Actress to Activist: Mlle Clairon in the Public Sphere of the 1760s“. Theatre Survey 35, Nr. 1 (Mai 1994): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004055740000257x.
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In his Paradoxe sur le comédien, written around 1770 but not published until the nineteenth century, the French philosophe Denis Diderot argued that the great actors of his day suppressed their individuality onstage; rather than personally experiencing the emotions called for by the playwright, they denied their own private subjectivity in order to create a more seamless public illusion. By an act of self-effacement, therefore, they paradoxically rendered themselves capable of impersonating anyone. In his essay, Diderot repeatedly turned to the example of his contemporary, the Comédie-Française actress Mlle Clairon, to illustrate this phenomenon. Off the stage, the philosopher claimed, Clairon was physically unimposing, and displays of her true feelings in the privacy of her home seemed artificial and unconvincing. In the theatre, however, she swelled in size and emotional presence until she dominated an audience and deepened the sentiments invoked by the playwright. According to Diderot, in the moment of public performance she was double: both the “little Clairon” and the “great Agrippina”, the socially inconsequential actress and a mythic heroine of the French stage.
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Costa, João Paulo. „A turning point? Interview with Emmanuel Falque“. Revista Filosófica de Coimbra 31, Nr. 62 (28.10.2022): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0872-0851_62_6.
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An interview with the professor and philosopher Emmanuel Falque, in the context of his passage through the University of Coimbra, in the context of the Journée Internationale d’études philosophiques, which will take place on 26 May 2022, at the Faculty of Letters, entitled: «L’im‑pensable : Aux confins de la phénoménalité». In this interview, In this interview, our author coming to his entire philosophical project, from its origins to his most recent scientific production. The philosopher tells us about the provenance of his thought through his main philosophical works and his existential interpretation and phenomenological reading of patristic and medieval philosophy as well as his debates with phenomenology and contemporary philosophy, particularly French philosophy. Here the epistemological and metaphysical question between philosophy and theology, literature and aesthetics, psychoanalysis and phenomenology is also addressed; the concept of «corps épandu», the corporeality or the embodiment as the cardinal point of human finitude and its incessant search to think our «humanity in common». Emmanuel Falque also presents us in this interview the genesis and the fundamental idea of Hors phénomène, as the central axis of his global philosophical project, but also as the revelation of a certain «turning point», inflexion or even of «radicalization» of his démarche, as well as its possible consequences to rethink aesthetics, ethics, politics and theology. The French thinker also talks to us here about the future of philosophy and the new horizons of his reflection (the new triptych...), about the authors and figures in the history of thought (philosophers or others) who have influenced and impacted his own philosophical‑existential path. Thus, the work of a thinker-philosopher is always an ex-position of himself to others, permanently thinking the world of life, the embodiment of reason in the folds of history.
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Cosio, Giulia. „Tzvetan Todorov: ipotesi per un ritratto a figura intera“. ACME - Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, Nr. 03 (Dezember 2012): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/acme-2012-003-cosi.
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In this article, the author wishes to give an overview of the thought and work of Tzvetan Todorov, a Bulgarian philosopher who emigrated to France in 1963. Distinguished representative of the contemporary intellectual scene, his figure remains elusive, due to the multidisciplinary nature of his approach and the variety of themes he touchs. Former member of French structuralism, Todorov deviates gradually from the blueprint of structuralist thought to achieve a neo-humanism that finds echoes in contemporary French philosophy. This study intends to chart the parable of this personal and intellectual path, and to explain the peculiarities of this style. The attention to the central event of alterity in the constitution of human nature is framed in Todorov’s works through an original writing method (the exemplary history and the dialogical critic of thought) and a strong ethical reflection full of suggestions coming from several disciplines.
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Bassas Vila, Javier. „Écriture phénoménologique et théologique“. Studia Phaenomenologica 9, Nr. 9999 (2009): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studphaen20099special44.
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This paper intends to identify the functions of the French particle “comme” (“like” in opposition to “as”) and “comme si” (“as if”) in the work of French contemporary philosopher Jean-Luc Marion, especially in L’idole et la distance (American translation: The Idol and Distance), Dieu sans l’être (American translation: God without Being), Étant donné (American translation: Being given) and De surcroît (American translation: In excess). The author of this paper focuses on the relation between phenomenology and theology in order to demonstrate its complexity by an analysis of linguistic phenomenology. At the end of this analysis, the “saturated phenomenon”, as proposed by Jean-Luc Marion, becomes an important notion to understand the boundaries of both disciplines, phenomenology and theology.
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Davie, George Elder. „Victor Cousin and the Scottish Philosophers“. Journal of Scottish Philosophy 7, Nr. 2 (September 2009): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e147966510900044x.
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Exchanges in the nineteenth century between Sir William Hamilton, James Frederick Ferrier and the French philosopher Victor Cousin are crucial to understanding contemporary efforts to preserve the continuity of the Scottish philosophical tradition on the part of those alive to new themes emanating from Kant and philosophy in Germany. Ferrier's strategy aimed at re-invigorating Descartes and Berkeley by drawing on elements in Adam Smith's social philosophy. But the promising steps taken in this direction in Ferrier's essays on consciousness were seriously undermined, in Cousin's view, by the aprioristic character of his Institutes, in which he abandoned the careful empirical method characteristic of Scottish philosophy as practiced by Reid.
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Волков, Иван Игоревич. „THE EVOLUTION OF MAN IN THE «PHENOMENON OF MAN» BY PIERRE TEILHARD DE CHARDIN“. Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Философия, Nr. 3(57) (10.12.2021): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtphilos/2021.3.241.
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Несмотря на многообразие современных научных знаний проблема человека и его эволюции остается актуальной в интердисциплинарной перспективе. Анализ одной из таких эволюционных моделей, созданной французским философом Пьером Тейяром де Шарденом в его труде «Феномен Человека», является целью статьи. В ее формате рассмотрены философские, теологические и научные идеи, позволившие этому автору создать собственное оригинальное видение феномена человека, до сих пор оживленно обсуждаемое представителями различных научных дисциплин, философами и теологами. Despite the diversity of contemporary scientific knowledge, the problem of man and his evolution remains relevant in an interdisciplinary perspective. The analysis of one of such evolutionary models created by the French philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in his work «The Phenomenon of Man» is the aim of this article. In its format, philosophical, theological and scientific ideas that allowed this author to create his own original vision of the human phenomenon are considered. They are still actively discussed by representatives of various scientific disciplines, philosophers and theologians.
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Esposito, Maurizio. „En el principio era la mano: Ernst Kapp y la relación entre máquina y organismo“. Humanities Journal of Valparaiso, Nr. 14 (29.12.2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rhv2019iss14pp117-138.
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The relation between organisms and machines is very old. Over a century ago, the French historian and philosopher Alfred Victor Espinas observed that from the Greeks onwards the intelligibility of the organic world presupposed a comparison with technical objects. Aristotle, for instance, associated living organs with mechanical artefacts in order to understand animals ‘movements. In the modern period, Descartes, Borelli and other mechanists defended the idea that organisms are, in reality, machines. Today, philosophers and scientists still argue that the genome is like a software and the brain is like a computer. In this article I reconsider the relation between organisms and machines from the perspective of the German geographer and philosopher Ernst Kapp (1808-1896), one of the founding fathers of the Philosophy of Technology. Breaking with a long and venerable philosophical tradition, Kapp argued that machines are, in reality, “organic projections”. Organisms are not machines; they are an imitation or reflection of the organic world. First of all, I clarify the hypothesis of “organic projection” (including its virtues and limits). Secondly, I consider some of the philosophical consequences that such a hypothesis entails over the debate between machinists and anti-mechanists. Finally, and following the previous considerations, I defend the importance of reconnecting the philosophy of technology with philosophy of biology in order to better understand the development of contemporary biology.
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Matei, Alexandru. „Ambivalences of a Tour de Force: “Istoria Literaturii Române Contemporane” as Critique and as Literature“. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, Nr. 3 (20.09.2022): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.3.23.
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"Ambivalences of a Tour de Force: Istoria Literaturii Române Contemporane as Critique and as Literature. This essay starts from hypothesizing a double dimension of Mihai Iovănel’s History: critical and literary (or, as Matei says, poetic). The idea of such an interpretation is given by Iovănel’s quoting a late text by Louis Althusser, in which the French philosopher defines the figure of an “aleatory materialist,” as opposed to a “dialectical” materialist. While critics have already discussed the critical dimension of Iovănel’s project, an aspect Matei also examines in the last part of his contribution, less has been said, he maintains, about the History as a literary project, as “writing.” Matei thus attends to the qualities and shortcomings of Iovănel’s project, which stem, he claims, from the aforementioned double dimension of the History. Keywords: Mihai Iovănel, poetics of literary history, aleatory materialism, contemporary Romanian literature"
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Sarnavska, Oksana, Tetiana Yakovyshyna, Oleksandra Kachmar, Mykhailo Sherman, Tamara Shadiuk und Tetiana Koberska. „The Influence of the Culture of the Third Information Revolution on the Formation of Personality in the M. Serres Philosophical Discourse“. Postmodern Openings 12, Nr. 1 (19.03.2021): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/12.1/257.
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The research is aimed at outlining aspects of the influence of the achievements of the culture of the third information revolution on the formation of the young generation in the philosophical discourse of the French philosopher M. Serres, revealing the features of the achievements of the third information revolution of modern culture, in particular in the spatial, temporal and, in fact, human dimensions, their influence on the formation of personality of the “hopthumb”. The theoretical basis of the study is based on culturological and anthropological aspects of the influence of information and computer technology on the formation of personality, human self-awareness in the modern world. The methodology of M. Serres is used in the work. The scientific novelty of the proposed article is the analysis of the philosophical and pedagogical achievements of the French philosopher M. Serres, in particular, argued the presence in the scientific heritage of a famous contemporary doctrine of special characteristics and features of the modern young man, which the author calls " hopthumb" against the background of the formation of a new space of culture. In addition, the study of the theoretical constants of M. Serres made it possible to outline the signs of the third information revolution, to generalize and actualize the philosophical reflection on the self-identification of the individual in the new conditions. Based on the analysis of the work of the modern philosopher, the connection between the rapid achievements of the information revolution and the culture of younger generations was revealed and understood.
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Kapstein, Matthew Т. „<i>L’oubli des Russes</i>: An (Almost) Forgotten Chapter in the History of 19th-Century Orientalism“. Письменные памятники Востока 19, Nr. 4 (26.01.2023): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo112430.
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The celebrated Russian academician Vasily P. Vasilyevs (18181900) pioneering study of the history of Buddhist thought, Buddhism, Its Dogmas, History and Literature (St. Petersburg: Akademii Nauk, 1857), became well-known to Еuropean learned circles thanks to its excellent 1860 German translation by the Indologist Theodor Benfey (18091881). It was in this form that Vasilyevs work remained, for more than a century, one of the main Western sources of knowledge of Buddhist philosophy as it had been transmitted in Tibet. Largely forgotten, however, was the flawed French translation by G.A. La Comme (Paris 1865) and the controversy that it aroused. Dedicated to the contemporary French philosopher Roger-Pol Droit to honor his contributions to the history of the Еuropean study of Indian and Buddhist philosophy, the present article retraces that controversy and its implications for our understanding of the reception of Vasilyevs masterwork.
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Sohn, Brian Kelleher, Sandra P. Thomas, Katherine H. Greenberg und Howard R. Pollio. „Hearing the Voices of Students and Teachers: A Phenomenological Approach to Educational Research“. Qualitative Research in Education 6, Nr. 2 (27.06.2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2017.2374.
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Many contemporary researchers claim to use a phenomenological approach but seldom connect their methods to tenets from phenomenological philosophy. We describe a distinctive approach, grounded in the writings of French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty, for conducting educational research. Procedures are outlined for bracketing pre-understandings of a phenomenon, interviewing, and thematizing data with assistance of an interdisciplinary interpretive group. Using our approach, researchers capture the figural aspects of a phenomenon that dominate perception as well as the contextual background that is less visible but integral to understanding it. This phenomenological approach offers educational researchers a radical empiricism, a flexible structure, and a dialogical community of support.
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Zheng, Chen, und Yu Bo Gao. „Comparative Study on Traditional Commercial Block Transformation Method“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (Juli 2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.12.
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With the development of economy, people are no longer satisfied with consumption patterns of simple items, but rather towards experiential consumption. French philosopher Jean Baudrillard said: "consumption is not only the consumption or use of goods, but also the consumption of experience self-worth." How to better and more effectively to modify traditional commercial blocks, making it the place of both inheritance of historical culture and can adapt to the contemporary experiential consumer psychology is a problem worth thinking deeply. This paper aims to make an integrated comparison in transformation principles and practices between developed countries traditional commercial blocks and successful cases in our country, summarizes the mutual relations and rules.
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Krotov, Artem A. „Saint-Simon and Napoleon: the Emperor’s Personality and the Philosopher’s Worldview“. Voprosy Filosofii, Nr. 3 (2021): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-3-185-195.
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The article analyses Saint-Simon’s ideas about the mechanism of transition to social reorganization, which he saw as the main content of his contemporary era. Starting with the Letters of Geneva Resident to Contemporaries in the plans of the philosopher a special, exclusive place was given to Napoleon. Saint-Simon expected to strike, attract with his ideas a new star who rose on a political skyscraper. He judged from a belief in the linear, logical-defined course of history. Napoleon was present in the mind of the philosopher as a hero who overcame the negative consequences of the French Revolution, almost the only one able to comprehend easily innovative ideas concerning the transformation of society. In the initial version of Saint-Simon’s philosophy of history, he acts as a necessary element to cement the past with the future. In the time of the First Empire Saint-Simon’s admiration of Napoleon increases, along with his genius is glorified his invincibility as the greatest of people and his coming world conquest. Following this event, the theorist of socialism expects a genius to turn to the sciences and issues of reforming society in the way he predicted. He regarded the “Emperor’s Tribunal” as the highest, most authoritative instance to appeal to resolve worldview collisions. The Restoration cardinally changes the philosopher’s attitude to Napoleon's personality. His role in history for socialist’s consciousness is no longer progressive, but rather conservative. But the general principle – the search for support for his projects from the head of state – is not rejected by Saint-Simon. Now he appeals to Louis XVIII and in general to European monarchs. The bet on a peaceful way of moving to a new, fairer structure, dictated a series of attempts by the philosopher to build a dialogue with the representatives of power.
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Mulder, Sander. „French Biological Philosophy of Technology as a Candidate Perspective Furthering Design Methodology“. Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, Nr. 1 (Juli 2019): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.155.
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AbstractA first exploration is conducted to what the French biological philosophy of technology perspective has to offer to the field of design methodology. If this French perspective is combined with contemporary speculative pragmatism a generative design methodology emerges offering novelty in what is sensed as important in a design situation. Within this perspective, drawing upon the late French philosopher Gilbert Simondon, technical objects have their own mode of existence and their own trajectory of development apart from human intention.Designers working with such a generative design methodology follow the constitutive value of openness and attune to the regulative value of techno-aesthetic judgments. By way of a 'vignette+', a paradigmatic example from a real case, a more encompassing argument is made towards design situations where a sophisticated machine is 'inserted' into a domestic setting.The example taken is the use of an artificial kidney machine in a domestic setting and the development of a novel machine with a design team. Four aspects were sensed as important in the unfolding design situation and directions for further research are discussed.
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MOORE, R. LAURENCE. „COMMON PRINCIPLES, DIFFERENT HISTORIES: UNDERSTANDING RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN THE UNITED STATES AND FRANCE“. Modern Intellectual History 7, Nr. 2 (01.07.2010): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000168.
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In her book Liberty of Conscience: In Defense of America's Tradition of Religious Equality (New York: Basic Books, 2008) the American philosopher Martha Nussbaum joins a chorus of American intellectuals who have criticized France and other European nations for their failure to embrace the concept of cultural pluralism. In Nussbaum's opinion, the meaning that the French attach to egalité has remained stuck in circumstances peculiar to the eighteenth century. The concept is outdated and has not in the contemporary world been able to protect cultural diversity in general and religious diversity in particular. Her book takes to task what she terms “the French tradition of “coercive assimilation” that is insensitive to what George Washington stressed as the “‘delicacy and tenderness’ that is owed to other people's ‘conscientious scruples.’” The French refusal to allow Muslim schoolgirls to cover their heads with a foulard, however stylish it might be, is linked back to the French emancipation of Jews that required, in Nussbaum's analysis, a heavy requirement of cultural erasure. The French, like most Europeans, grew used to the idea “that citizens are all alike,” an idea that now haunts France as it tries to figure out what to do with its Muslim population.
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Stalpaert, Christel. „The Performer as Philosopher and Diplomat of Dissensus: Thinking and Drinking Tea with Benjamin Verdonck in Bara/ke (2000)“. Performance Philosophy 1, Nr. 1 (10.04.2015): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2015.1113.
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Ecology and activism is a burning issue in theatre and performance studies. However, following the French philosopher Bruno Latour, a radically new encounter with ecology is needed today, if eco-activism still wants to have a future. It seems that, in order to survive, eco-activism and eco-art have to move beyond their narrow and limited anthropocentric perspective. In this paradigm shift, the performer as philosopher – in the sense of a diplomat of dissensus – might play an important role. The Flemish artist and performer Benjamin Verdonck picks up this role of a performer as philosopher. In his artistic tree houses, Verdonck invites passers-by for coffee or tea and gently raises ecological issues. He performs protest as what I call “a diplomat of dissensus”, combining Latour’s writings on contemporary ecology and the function of the diplomat therein, and Jacques Rancière’s writings on dissensus and art in public space. Ecology, for its part, moves into the direction of what Félix Guattari in The Three Ecologies refers to as “the ethico-aesthetic aegis of an ecosophy” (Guattari 2000, 41), a contraction of ecology and philosophy that connects the environmental with a reflection on the psychic production of subjectivity and social relations.
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NIKOLENKO, K., und O. NIKOLENKO. „CONTEMPORARY STRATEGIES OF STUDYING INTERTEXTUALITY“. Philological Studies, Nr. 33 (19.04.2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2490.2020.33.228193.
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The article explores the definition and the essence of intertextual theory as it is interpreted by M. Bakhtin, J. Kristeva, R. Barthes and other prominent scholars and literary critics of the 20th century, particularly from the viewpoint of poststructuralism. In the broadest terms possible, intertextuality can be defined as a set of relations between texts, which can include direct quotations, allusions, literary conventions, imitation, parody and unconscious sources among others. This concept dramatically blurs the outlines of texts, making them, in R. Barthes’s words, an “illimitable tissue of connections and associations.” The term itself was originally coined by the French semiotician and philosopher Julia Kristeva in the late 1960s. By combining Saussurean and Bakhtinian theories, J. Kristeva produced the first enunciation of intertextual theory, wherein she essentially suggested reconsidering the widely accepted notions of the author’s “influences” and the text’s “sources”. This theory was further developed by R. Barthes, who proclaimed the “death of the author” and insisted that the literary meaning can never be fully grasped by the reader, because the intertextual nature of literary works always leads readers on to new textual relations. In turn, French critic G. Genette introduced the notion of ‘transtextuality’ as a more comprehensive term, and put forward five types of transtextual relations (intertextuality, paratextuality, metatextuality, architextuality, hypertextuality). This theory has also become widely popular in the era of postmodernism, not just in relation to literary works, but also in other domains (cinematography, architecture, pictorial arts etc), as imitation of well-known artistic styles, direct and indirect references to various works of culture have become a salient feature of postmodern art. In general, it should be emphasized that intertextuality subverts the concept of the text as self-sufficient, hermetic totality. Instead, it emphasizes the fact that all literary production takes place in the presence of other texts, works of culture, and various social and historical factors. The reader also plays a crucial role in interpreting the text, because the reader’s previous experiences, their cultural and educational background will inevitably influence the scope of meanings that the reader is able to extract from the text.
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Macallan, Brian Claude. „Freedom as a Centralizing Motif in the Work of Henri Bergson“. Process Studies 50, Nr. 1 (2021): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/process20215015.
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Contemporary debates on freedom traverse questions concerning metaphysics, the mind/body relationship, evolution, morality, and religion. Throughout his life, the French philosopher Henri Bergson dealt with these questions from the perspective of time, believing that spatializing these problems led to inadequate solutions. That freedom was a centralizing concern in his oeuvre can be demonstrated in the way he approached these questions in challenging determinism, materialism, mechanism, and finalism. Bergson studies, despite noting the importance of freedom for Bergson, have focussed on intuition and duration as his seminal contributions. Bergson himself never thematized freedom in any specific way, but by working with a positive conception of freedom, as a creation of the new within the fiow of duration, freedom can be seen as a centralizing motif in his work. By clarifying the nature of freedom and its centrality, the ground can be cleared for a Bergsonian intervention into contemporary debates on freedom.
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Skregelid, Lisbet. „A call for dissensus in art education!“ International Journal of Education Through Art 16, Nr. 2 (01.06.2020): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eta_00024_1.
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This article argues for the relevance of the term dissensus by the French philosopher Jacques Rancière in an art educational context in particular and an educational context in general. This argument is based on research referred to in this article, where the author made use of dissensus to analyse how encounters with contemporary art contribute to movements in youngsters’ ways of relating to artworks and the environment that surrounds them, as well as changes in the ways of relating to themselves and others ‐ what here is called events of subjectivation. As dissensus is seen as a premise for subjectivation, the author argues for initiating dissensus by introducing students to both art and educational practices that contrast the norm and disrupt the expected. The article also discusses why dissensus as an educational strategy and an aesthetic turn in education seems to be urgent in a contemporary educational climate.
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Simonsen, Kirsten. „Rumlig praksis – Konstitution af rum mellem materialitet og repræsentation“. Slagmark - Tidsskrift for idéhistorie, Nr. 57 (09.03.2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sl.v0i57.104661.
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The purpose of the paper is to outline a conception of space which is basicallysocial and based in an ontology of practice. After a short introduction that groundthe paper in the contemporary discussion of a ‘spatial turn’ and in the related discussion within human geography, the purpose is pursued in two steps. First, thesocial ontology of practice is shortly outlined, and it is discussed how a conceptionof space starting from that will be. The French philosopher Henri Lefebvre providesa substantive part of the inspiration for that. The second step is to specifyoperations in work in this space, developed under the notions of embodied spacesand narrative spaces. The paper ends by discussing the relationship between space,time and mobility
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Ma, Ming-Qian. „From Blind to Blinding: Saturated Phenomena and the Speculative Lyric of the Invisible in Andrew Joron’s Poetry“. Word and Text - A Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics 12 (2022) (30.12.2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jlsl.2022.04.
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This essay presents a critical reading of Andrew Joron’s speculative oeuvre from a phenomenological standpoint. Proceeding from the poet’s cosmic perspectives, it focuses on the central issue of language in relation to the emergence of meaning and the world. Through a close reading of both Joron’s poetry and poetics, this essay demonstrates his conceptual affinity with the work of contemporary French philosopher Jean-Luc Marion, arguing that both Joron’s poetry and Marion’s phenomenology of givenness postulate an emergence of meaning and the world that is absolutely unconditioned and unconditional, an emergence characterized by an intuitively blinding richness that saturates the phenomenon over and beyond any limit and, hence, makes the phenomenon invisible.
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Scolari, Paolo. „DEATH OF GOD, NIHILISM, HUMAN EXISTENCE. GABRIEL MARCEL AND FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE“. Revista Dialectus - Revista de Filosofia 28, Nr. 28 (23.04.2023): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30611/2023n28id86630.
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In the lecture Nietzsche: l’homme devant la mort de dieu, Gabriel Marcel highlights the extraordinary topicality of Nietzsche’s thought and figure. The French philosopher seems to say to his hearers: Nietzsche is here, among us, he does not belong to the past, but, on the contrary, he is the most contemporary of contemporaries. Nietzsche’s philosophy of the death of God is a mine of ideas and insights that need to be enhanced. There is still much about him to be discovered. Nietzsche, then – and nihilism as such – is by no means outdated, precisely because, Marcel exclaims, before claiming to have left him behind, it is better to make sure we have reached him.
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Semiglazov, Georgiy S. „The Forgotten Individualist Georges Palante“. Voprosy Filosofii, Nr. 6 (2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-6-109-119.
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This article focuses on the works of Georges Palante (1862–1925). The author notes that in contemporary European socio-political thought there was a renaissance of this thinker. In particular, his ideas became the foundation of the modern post-anarchism theory. Since both the movement of post-anarchism and the concepts of G. Palante are hardly known today in Russia, it is necessary to talk about this French philosopher. The study consists of two parts. The first part examines the historical context. The main topics of Palante’s works were determined by his polemic with Emile Durkheim, the founder of the French sociological school. Therefore, to avoid a misinterpretation of Palantian ideas, it is necessary to consider that this thinker primarily positioned himself as a social scientist. The second part focuses on the philosophical aspect of the Palantian heritage. Namely, the author examines a succession between the article “The mentality of the Rebel” and A. Camus’ essay “The Rebel”. Even though Camus didn’t mention this work, he agreed with Palante’s concepts in general, so it is possible to assume the link between two thinkers. In conclusion, the author discusses the relevance of Palantian ideas for contemporary social, political, and philosophical sciences.
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Macallan, Brian Claude. „Freedom as a Centralizing Motif in the Work of Henri Bergson“. Process Studies 50, Nr. 1 (01.04.2021): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/processstudies.50.1.0067.
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Abstract Contemporary debates on freedom traverse questions concerning metaphysics, the mind/body relationship, evolution, morality, and religion. Throughout his life, the French philosopher Henri Bergson dealt with these questions from the perspective of time, believing that spatializing these problems led to inadequate solutions. That freedom was a centralizing concern in his oeuvre can be demonstrated in the way he approached these questions in challenging determinism, materialism, mechanism, and finalism. Bergson studies, despite noting the importance of freedom for Bergson, have focussed on intuition and duration as his seminal contributions. Bergson himself never thematized freedom in any specific way, but by working with a positive conception of freedom, as a creation of the new within the flow of duration, freedom can be seen as a centralizing motif in his work. By clarifying the nature of freedom and its centrality, the ground can be cleared for a Bergsonian intervention into contemporary debates on freedom.
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Henry-Tierney, Pauline. „Simone de Beauvoir the Memorialist: The Running Threads Connecting Us“. Paragraph 46, Nr. 2 (Juli 2023): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2023.0433.
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This article considers the recent publications of French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir, and offers an overview of contemporary scholarship in Beauvoir Studies. Beauvoir’s canonization in Gallimard’s La Pléiade collection in 2018 is discussed, specifically Gallimard’s choice of Beauvoir’s Mémoires for these first two volumes. Exploring the imbrication of Beauvoir’s philosophy with her own lived experience, the article traces what Annie Ernaux describes as the ‘running threads’ connecting us, namely the ways in which Beauvoir’s legacy is interwoven in our lives today. Surveying recent scholarship highlights the pertinence of Beauvoir’s work to contemporary contexts on issues ranging from sexual violence, subjective agency and female subjugation to emancipatory politics and transnational feminist solidarities. Thereafter, the importance Beauvoir placed on self–Other relations is explored in relation to scholarship on Beauvoir’s epistolary exchanges, the publication of her lost novella Les Inséparables, and on Beauvoir’s philosophy of alterity and old age in light of the pandemic.
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Zinkow, Leszek. „From the Editors“. Perspektywy Kultury 30, Nr. 3 (20.12.2020): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2020.3003.01.
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The French philosopher Jean-François Lyotard, although he was a professed postmodernist, did not hesitate to call the “Mediterranean myth” a great meta-narrative of European culture. For centuries, the legacy of Greco-Roman antiquity built a coherent axiological and esthetic system, elaborated with new content—especially Christian ethics—but also, for example, with the influences of the multicultural Levantine orient. The coherent, though non-uniform “myth” returned under many guises, with the rhythms of subsequent historical epochs. Is it relevant today and if so how? In the rapidly globalizing contemporary world, is the symbolically understood Mediterranean Sea still a point of reference? Finally—recalling the title of this issue—should we perceive it as a cultural “center of the world” or only as a periphery?
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Góra, Dariusz. „Zły i dobry nacjonalizm w interpretacji foucaultowskiej“. Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 43, Nr. 1 (17.11.2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.43.1.2.
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Contemporary discourse on controversial political phenomena and processes such as nationalism is often marked by assessments and valuations that change along with the needs of political centers of power. The same phenomenon can be subject to variable assessments depending on the current political regime. This is particularly evident in those areas of Europe that have repeatedly changed their state subordination over the last century. The author proposes a method of analyzing phenomena such as nationalism, inspired by the thought of French philosopher Michel Foucault. Using this method helps to neutralize the interpretative elements, which in the case of substantive analyses makes it easier to get to the heart of the matter, and in the case of emotive analyses reveal their lack of substance.
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Markowska, Anna. „Aquatic Imagination or Unweaving the Rainbow: Introduction to Hydro-Stories about American Art“. Ikonotheka, Nr. 31 (20.09.2022): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-6015ik.31.7.
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As early as the 1940s, the French philosopher Gaston Bachelard was convinced that the eye itself is weary of solids. It was obvious to some American artists almost at the same time, because aquatic imagination has accompanied American art at least since the discovery of the fluidity of paint and the oceanic boundlessness of Pollock’s paintings. However, only Robert Smithson has opened the water discourse in contemporary art, which is not about the representation of water but about the specific relation between the subject and its background. Moreover, a liquid mind opens up to the unplanned. This also happens in Ellen Gallagher’s art, because her counter-memories from the future evoke sea creatures, their mutations and their post-human condition.
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Covolo, Robert Stephen. „Faith in a Fashionable Age: Abraham Kuyper and Charles Taylor on the Secular Nexus Between Mode and Modernité“. International Journal of Public Theology 7, Nr. 3 (2013): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341294.
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AbstractThis article examines two Christian thinkers who detect a close relationship between fashion and secularity. First, the article discusses Reformed theologian Abraham Kuyper’s suspicion that the French fashion of his day carried political, cultural and social capacities that reinforced secularization in nineteenth century Holland. Having considered Kuyper’s perspective, the article turns to contemporary Roman Catholic philosopher Charles Taylor’s understanding of fashion. Drawing on Taylor’s magnum opus, A Secular Age, the article traces fashion’s complicit relationship with secularity as a ‘fourth axis of simultaneity’. In spite of their very different historical, intellectual and confessional contexts, Kuyper and Taylor share a similar analysis of the secularizing power of fashion, thereby pointing a way forward for those seeking to understand the relationship between mode and modernité.
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Cugini, Paolo. „Personalismo e pastoral. De uma abordagem filosófica à ação pastoral“. Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira 68, Nr. 269 (05.04.2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29386/reb.v68i269.1466.
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O artigo visa resgatar para a reflexão pastoral alguns temas da filosofia personalista elaborada nos anos trinta e quarenta do século passado pelo filosofo francês Emmanuel Mounier. Equilíbrio entre vida interior e abertura ao social, entre vida ativa e contemplativa, e valorização da liberdade responsável são alguns dos tópicos da filosofia personalista que podem contribuir para o debate eclesial contemporâneo.Abstract: The article hopes to rescue some themes of the personalistic philosophy developed in the 1930s and 1940s by the French philosopher Emmanuel Mounier. The balance between inner life and the openness towards the social, between active and contemplative life, and the appreciation of responsible freedom are some of the topics from the personalistic philosophy that may contribute to the contemporary ecclesial debate.
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Lind, Andreas Gonçalves, und Dominique Lambert. „L’actualité de la pensée politique de Jacques Maritain cinquante ans après sa mort“. Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 79, Nr. 1-2 (31.07.2023): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2023_79_1_0509.
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The commemoration of the 700th anniversary of the canonization of Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) as well as the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Jacques Maritain (1882-1973) present an opportunity to re-examine the neo-Thomism of the contemporary French philosopher. Our aim here will be to set out the philosophical argument from which Maritain establishes an inseparable link between human rights (i.e., the dignity of the human person) and natural law. We will thus seek to expose how Maritain supports democracy from the horizon of Christian philosophy. In doing so, the Thomistic democracy that Maritain proposes will appear to be distant from both totalitarian collectivism and anarchistic individualism, two current threats to the establishment of an authentic and mature democracy.
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Gosnell, Jonathan. „The (French) Creole Turn?“ Quebec Studies 71, Nr. 1 (01.06.2021): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.2021.4.
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In what ways can study of cultural mixing or métissages, often linked to histories of empire, colonization, and assimilation, help to better understand complexities in contemporary French and francophone societies? How can theories of creolization explain ambiguous ethnic, racial, and national phenomena that have long existed but have remained obscure? This article critically examines hybrid cultures that have coalesced as a result of pervasive French presence in the world over the last several centuries. The publications of Histoire mondiale de la France and its English translation France in the World: A New Global History sparked debate both inside and outside the Academy, on both sides of the Atlantic, about the global currents that have shaped nations like France and the United States. More readily acknowledged creolizations in French-speaking parts of the globe signal a noteworthy evolution. The analysis herein leans on oceanic thought developed by philosopher Édouard Glissant in his influential Traité du Tout-Monde. Glissant emphasizes the ephemeral, unpredictable, improvisational nature of creolizations. While common in the French and francophone world, creolizations know no boundaries and respect no borders; they are constantly and transgressively reinventing themselves. To what extent is the question of creolization in modern Québec relevant? The essay focuses in particular on French cultural cross-fertilization in the Americas and the compelling tensions between créolité and américanité. De quelles manières l’étude des métissages culturelles, souvent liées aux histoires d’empire, de colonisation et d’assimilation, peut-elle nous aider à mieux comprendre les complexités des sociétés françaises et francophones actuelles? Comment les théories de la créolisation peuvent-elles expliquer l’ambiguïté de certains phénomènes ethniques, raciaux et nationaux qui existent depuis longtemps mais qui restent obscurs. Cet article examine de manière critique les cultures hybrides qui résultent d’une présence mondiale française depuis plusieurs siècles. L’édition d’Histoire mondiale de la France et de sa traduction anglaise, France in the World: A New Global History, a suscité des débats sur les courants mondiaux qui ont forgé des nations comme la France et les États-Unis à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’académie, des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. Des créolisations plus facilement reconnues dans quelques régions du monde francophone signalent une évolution pertinente. Cette analyse s’appuie sur la pensée océanique du philosophe Édouard Glissant dans son influent Traité du Tout-Monde, dans lequel il met l’accent sur la nature éphémère, imprévisible et improvisée des créolisations. Quoique communes en France ainsi que dans le monde francophone, les créolisations ne respectent ni limite ni frontière; elles s’inventent de nouveau sans cesse et de manière transgressive. Dans quelle mesure la question de la créolisation est-elle pertinente au Québec actuel? Cet essai jette un regard particulier sur les métissages culturels français dans les Amériques et sur les tensions entre la créolité et l’américanité.
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Seguín, Bécquer. „Mute Cries: Louis Althusser Between Roberto Álvarez Ríos and Wifredo Lam“. ARTMargins 6, Nr. 2 (Juni 2017): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00179.
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This introductory essay examines the role of two articles on the Cuban painters Roberto Álvarez Ríos and Wifredo Lam, “A Young Cuban Painter Before Surrealism: Álvarez Ríos” (1962) and “Lam” (1977), in the French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser's writing on art. It argues that these largely ignored articles offer snapshots of two key shifts in Althusser's thought: his transition, during the early 1960s, from Hegelian Marxism to structural Marxism, and, during the late 1970s, from structural Marxism to so-called aleatory materialism. It contextualizes the articles in the social and political milieu of French philosophy during the 1960s and 70s and shows how his articles on the Cuban painters, specifically, and art, more generally, are largely concerned with contemporary developments in the third world, a subject that receives scant attention elsewhere in his work. The articles not only register Althusser's reflections on Lacanian psychoanalysis, the nature of language, and the philosophy of history, but also reveal that his connections with Latin America to exceed mere questions of intellectual reception.
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Iofrida, Manlio. „Kulturkritik e fenomenologia nell’epoca della crisi ecologica“. Chiasmi International 23 (2021): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chiasmi20212330.
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The emergence of ecology as a fundamental horizon not only of politics, but also of contemporary philosophy, pushes us to rethink the relationship that currents of thought such as Kuturkritik and phenomenology, especially the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, can maintain with it. After a preliminary consideration of post-structuralist and postmodern positions from this perspective, the essay focuses on the French philosopher, and in particular on his courses on Nature and on his elaboration of the Husserlian concept of Stiftung. This results in Merleau-Ponty’s original position on the Kultur – Civilization alternative: critique of unlimited productivism, respect for the environment, and, at the same time, defense of the variety of cultures and traditions from a homogenizing globalization are valuable tools that his philosophy offers to the debates of our time.
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MOYN, SAMUEL. „THE ASSUMPTION BY MAN OF HIS ORIGINAL FRACTURING: MARCEL GAUCHET, GLADYS SWAIN, AND THE HISTORY OF THE SELF“. Modern Intellectual History 6, Nr. 2 (August 2009): 315–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147924430900211x.
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This essay reconstructs conceptually and situates historically contemporary French philosopher Marcel Gauchet's theory of the origins and development of modern selfhood. It argues that his history of the self as the interiorization of constitutive alienation, and of the history of self-consciousness as the progressive recognition of this alienation, originated out of a unique combination of historical factors—the radical politics of May 1968, the rise of the antipsychiatry movement, and (perhaps most surprisingly) the new psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan. The essay considers Gauchet's study, together with his partner Gladys Swain, of the foundations of psychiatry, and investigates the connections of their narrative of origins to Michel Foucault's work. The essay concludes by turning to Gauchet's more recent contributions and considering the implications of his history of the self for Anglo-American scholarship.
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Dalton, Benjamin. „What Should We Do with Plasticity? An Interview with Catherine Malabou“. Paragraph 42, Nr. 2 (Juli 2019): 238–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2019.0301.
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This interview with the contemporary French philosopher Catherine Malabou explores Malabou's central concept of ‘plasticity’ across the interdisciplinary contexts through which it is elaborated, including continental philosophy, neuroscience, genetics and literature, among other domains. In particular, the interview maps how the concept of plasticity has developed most recently in response to new innovations in technology, informatics and artificial intelligence; how the concept proposes a methodology to other researchers and practitioners seeking to explore the transformability and mutability of their own areas; the emotional and affective terrain of self-exploration proposed by a philosophy of plasticity; and avenues for engagements with the concept in practical, clinical settings. Navigating a concept as mutable as it is multiple, the interview is guided by the central question: what should we do with plasticity?
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Urválková, Zuzana. „Die Dialoge des Lukian von Samosata im literarischen Kontext des tschechischen Klassizismus“. Zeitschrift für Slawistik 65, Nr. 1 (30.03.2020): 21–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2020-0002.
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SummaryThe study is focused on the reception of the then-popular Dialogues of the Dead / Conversations by Syrian philosopher and rhetorician Lucian of Samosata (120 AD-180 AD) in Czech literature on the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, with occasional insight into the intermediary French and German reception. Thanks to their linguistic refinement, Lucian’s dialogues quickly became a popular reading for the learning of Greek at the time, and in the 18th century, they contributed significantly to the development of journalism. This tendency was also present in the revivalist journal Hlasatel český during the period of 1806–1808 when it featured translations of several of Lucian’s dialogues alongside Jungmann’s conversation On the Czech Tongue (1808). The said conversations evoke the form of Lucianesque dialogues of the dead, which was to be the model of antiquity for the Czech classicism of the time, and they fill this form with thoughts of enlightenment and contemporary nationalism while capitalizing on the models of contemporary educational practices at Prague universities.
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Turek, Joanna. „Zasada dobra wspólnego a demokracja. Próba analizy stanowiska J. Maritaina“. Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 11, Nr. 1 (15.05.2008): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.11.1.09.
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In the following paper the author presents and analyses J. Maritain’s social theory. The French Thomist attempted to associate the principle of common good (that plays the main role in the Christian social thought) with democracy. Maritain claims that only democracy can be regarded as an acceptable form of government, i.e. the one that satisfies rational and moral requirements (which, according to the Thomists, are the same). Such a statement put forward by the Thomist philosopher emphasises the necessity of asking a number of questions of the human nature, human dignity and human autonomy; it also demonstrate how to introduce the ethical values into the realm of democratic politics, which in its turn is described as axiologically neutral by contemporary political theories. J. Maritain’s views on those issues were taken into consideration by Catholic intellectuals and were announced before the Second Vatican Council. Regarding the time they were widely opened to the contemporary ideas. Consequently, they contributed to the significant development of the current attitude of the Catholic Church to the present political and social problems.
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Kim, Dae Joong. „Western Theories of the Contemporary Community: Focusing on Inoperative Community and the Coming Community“. Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 27, Nr. 3 (31.10.2022): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2022.27.3.67.
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This essay aims to explore genealogy of community in the contemporary western theories focusing on two major European scholars’ theories of community: Jean-Luc Nancy’s ‘the inoperative community’ and Giorgio Agamben’s ‘the coming community.’ In the history of contemporary theories, Georges Bataille, a French philosopher, contextualizing communication and community, first proposed the idea of ‘Unavowable Community’ which influenced Jean-Luc Nancy’s idea of inoperative community. The inoperative community refuses identity politics and immanence to delineate a community where singular subject, going through desubjectification, take part in unrecognizable community expurgating any violence or drive for death. Nancy metaphysically critiques limit of the idea of community and suggests inoperative community as a metaphysically fundamental community. Though sounding purely ethical, Nancy’s community is product of the collapse of communism and resistance against totalitarian or capitalistic desire for unified community. In turn, the essay delves into complicated ideas of coming community in Giorgio Agamben’s The Coming Community. Agamben, inheriting as well as critiquing Nancy’s inoperative community, proposes ‘potentiality’ and ‘ease’ as the key elements of coming community in which political theology and ethico-ontology center the idea of community of singularity and coming politics.