Dissertationen zum Thema „Contacts membranaires“
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Abou, Zeid Nancy. „Régulation de la paxilline, un composant majeur des contacts focaux, pendant la migration cellulaire“. Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066228.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleÖztürk, Öznur. „Dissection of ERMES functions during mitophagy in the yeast S. cerevisiae“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN the yeast S. cerevisiae, the ERMES complex (ER Mitochondria Encounter Complex) is involved in the establishment of contacts between the ER and the mitochondria. It is composed of several membrane proteins including Mmm1 in the ER, Mdm34 and Mdm10 on the outer mitochondrial membrane and a soluble protein Mdm12, which connects the two structures. Our laboratory has shown that two components of the ERMES complex, Mdm34 and Mdm12, are ubiquitinated by the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, in particular, after mitophagy induction. They also showed that this ubiquitination is necessary for efficient mitophagy and that a defect of ubiquitination of the ERMES complex reduces mitophagy. During my thesis, I tried to understand how the ubiquitination of the ERMES complex could affect/regulate mitophagy. Overall, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of ERMES action during mitophagy
Petit, Jules. „Membrane Tethering in Plant Intercellular Communication : Structure-Function of Multiple C2 domains and Transmembrane Region Proteins (MCTP) at Plasmodesmata ER-PM Membrane Contact Site“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789611.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlant multicellularity relies on intercellular communication in order to transmit information from cell to cell and throughout the entire plant body. In land plants, the major line for such cellular conversations is through plasmodesmata (PD) pores, which are nanoscopic membranous tunnels spanning the pecto-cellulosic cell wall. These pores are indeed involved in the transfer of a wide variety of molecules such as transcription factors, RNAs, hormones and metabolites during all stages of plant life, adaptation and responses to their environment. PD are singular amongst other types of intercellular junctions as they provide a direct continuity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the plasma membrane (PM) and the cytosol between neighboring cells. Their architectural organization can be summarized as followed: a thin strand of constricted ER, called desmotubule, is encased in a tube of PM lining the cell wall. PD are seen as a specialized ER-PM membrane contact sites from the very close apposition (2 to 10 nm) of the ER and PM membranes and the presence of tethering elements bridging the two organelles. In this study, we describe the structural organization and function of several members of the MCTP (Multiple C2 domains and Transmembrane region Protein) family which act as ER-PM tethering elements at PD. We show that these proteins possess molecular features capable of transient interaction with anionic lipids of the PM, through their C2 domains, as well as ER membrane shaping, through their transmembrane region which presents homology to a reticulon domain. We further correlate MCTP function with PD architecture and biogenesis, and investigate on the role of the ER inside PD. Altogether, this work provides original data placing MCTPs as core PD proteins that appear to be crucial in the establishment of PD ultrastructure and associated functions
Perfilov, Viacheslav. „Modèles mathématiques des procédés de séparation membranaire“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work have been developed general predictive models for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) as well as a hydrodynamic model for anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) equipped with the induced membrane vibration (MMV) system. The DCMD and SGMD models allow simulating hollow fibre and flat sheet configurations under wide range of process conditions without empirical mass and heat transfer coefficients or laboratory experiments. The models have been validated with experimental and literature data. Indeed, the influence of operating conditions and membrane geometric characteristics on the process performance has been investigated. The model for AnMBRs with MMV studies the effect of the membrane vibration on the hydrodynamics of the AnMBR tank. The parametric study allows knowing, the effects of the vibration frequency and amplitude on the fluid velocity and volume fraction of solids. The conducted studies prove that all the proposed models would be potentially applied for the pre-experimental study, optimization of process conditions, design of membrane modules as well as for the further cost estimation of the processes
Di, Mattia Thomas. „Identification et caractérisation de la protéine MOSPD2, un bâtisseur de sites de contact membranaire impliquant le réticulum endoplasmique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMembrane contact sites (MCS) are specific subcellular regions where two organelles are physically connected. Such micro-domains - molecularly defined by protein-protein and/or protein membrane interactions - are involved in organelle dynamic and inter-organelle communication. The field of MCS is constantly expanding thanks to the discovery of new molecular actors involved in organelle tethering. In this context of research, we identified MOSPD2 (motile sperm domain-containing protein 2) as a new factor involved in the formation of MCS. The MOSPD2 protein is anchored to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); it is able to interact thanks to its MSP domain with other organelle-associated proteins which common feature is to have a short protein motif called FFAT. By binding with its protein partners, MOSPD2 establishes MCS between the ER and endosomes, mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. These results show how a large net covering the entire cytoplasm made by the ER can trap a large variety of cellular organelles
Gallo, Alessandra. „Role of non-vesicular secretion in neuronal development“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/GALLO_Alessandra_va.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe growth of neurites during neuronal development requires a massive increase of surface area via the insertion of new proteins and lipids. This event occurs through the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane (PM), the final step of the secretory pathway. Recently, non-vesicular transfer of lipids at contacts between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and PM was shown to contribute to membrane expansion. Members of the ER-integral membrane protein Extended-Synaptotagmin (E-Syt) family have been identified as Ca2+-dependent lipid transfer proteins at ER-PM contact sites, and shown to transfer glycerophospholipids via their lipid binding domains. The laboratory previously found that a novel ER-PM SNARE complex, composed of the ER-resident Sec22b and the neuronal plasmalemmal Stx1, is involved in neurite growth despite being unable to mediate membrane fusion. However, how this complex participates to neurite extension remained to be elucidated. In yeast, Sec22 interacts with lipid transfer proteins of the OSH family, enriched at the ER- PM contacts, supporting a role for Sec22b-populated ER- PM junctions in non-vesicular lipid transport between these bilayers. Based on these observations, our starting hypothesis was that E-Syts-mediated non-vesicular lipid transfer at Sec22b-populated ER-PM contacts, might contribute to neurite growth. The goal of my PhD was to explore this hypothesis with two specific questions: 1-What are the partners of Sec22b complexes which might be involved in the unconventional mechanisms of membrane expansion? 2-What is the mechanism whereby the non-fusogenic SNARE Sec22b/Stx1 complex acts in neuronal development?Here we show that Sec22b interacts with E-Syt2 and Stx1 in PC12 cells and with E-Syt2, E-Syt3 and Stx3 in HeLa cells. Overexpression of E-Syt2 stabilized Sec22b-Stx3 association, whereas silencing of E-Syt2 had the opposite effect. Overexpression of E-Syt2 full length, but not the mutant forms which are unable to transfer lipids or attach to the ER, increased the formation of filopodia particularly in the growing axon. Finally, this effect was inhibited by a clostridial neurotoxin cleaving Stx1, by the expression of Sec22b Longin domain and a by a Sec22b mutant with extended linker between SNARE and transmembrane domains.In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that Sec22b/Stx1 junctions may contribute to membrane expansion via an interaction with phospholipid transfer proteins like E-Syts
Jemaiel, Aymen. „Etude du trafic membranaire vésiculaire et non-vésiculaire chez la levure“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112348/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEukaryotic cells are characterized by their internal membrane compartmentalization, with the various specialized organelles of the cell bounded by lipid membranes. Communication between different cellular compartments occurs via two transport pathways: vesicular transport and non-vesicular transport. Vesicular transport carries both proteins and lipids from one compartment to another in cells, whereas non-vesicular transport carries only lipids. An emerging idea is the important role that lipids play in cellular organization. Lipid binding amphipathic helices such as the ALPS (amphipathic lipid packing sensor) motif are targeted to membranes of a specific lipid composition, and hence act to transfer information encoded in membrane lipids to the vesicle trafficking machinery. The lipid composition of the membranes of different organelles is therefore of great importance. One mechanism that cells use to maintain the distinct lipid compositions of organelles is lipid transport, which occurs preferentially at membrane contact sites (MCS). MCS are regions of close appositions, on the order of 10 to 30 nm, between two membranes, generally between the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and another organelle. In my thesis, I addressed two aspects of how lipids and their transport function in intracellular trafficking, using yeast as a model system. First, I studied amphipathic motifs that mediate targeting of proteins to specific compartments in cells. Lipid binding amphipathic helices were shown in a previous study in the laboratory to mediate specific targeting to distinct lipid environments via direct protein-lipid interactions, both in vitro and in cells. One of these, the ALPS motif, targets vesicles of the early secretory pathway. The other, alpha-synuclein, targets vesicles travelling between the late Golgi, the plasma membrane and endosomes. I studied new potential alpha-synuclein-like motifs in yeast proteins, and their roles in cells. In a second project, in collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Thierry Galli, I studied new compenents involved in lipid metabolism at contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Maja Petkovic in the laboratory of Thierry Galli made the important discovery that the ER-localized SNARE protein Sec22 interacts with a plasma membrane syntaxin in neurons, thus providing a novel mechanism for mediating close contact between these two membranes. I addressed the question of whether this mechanism is conserved in yeast. The results I obtained confirmed that yeast Sec22 is able to interact with a SNARE protein localized to the plasma membrane, Sso1. I found by co-immunoprecitation that Sec22 and Sso1 both interact with lipid transfer proteins localized to ER-plasma membrane contact sites. Using a specific probe for phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P), we showed that Sec22 was involved in regulating the level of PI4P at the plasma membrane. These results extend to yeast those obtained by Maja Petkovic, Thierry Galli and colleauges showing that Sec22 has a novel role at ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and suggest that this SNARE complex might be implicated in lipid transfer at these sites in yeast
Buytet, Sandrine. „Études numérique et expérimentale de l'auto-contact pour le déploiement quasi-statique des structures membranaires pressurisées“. Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe deployment of membrane structures is an attractive research subject which interests particularly the spatial industry for its direct applications. This study is a significant challenge from the mechanical point of view, because of the various non linearities involved: the geometrical one due to finite deformations, the material one through a hyperelastic constitutive law of membranes, the inflation pressure which is a follower loading, and the contact-type boundary conditions. In this work, the deployment is dealt with in quasi-statics following two complementary studies : the experimentation and the numerical simulation. The experimentation contains two parts: (i) identification of the thermomechanical properties of the membrane materials by a contactless measure procedure; (ii) a series of deployment measurements conducted on folded tubes, subjected to different dead loads applied at their top side. The numerical development is carried out under the frictionless contact hypothesis by means of two distinct approaches: (i) the first uses the augmented Lagrangian version of the principle of virtual works, giving rise to the classical membrane finite element with contact; (ii) the second one -simpler and more suited for the problem in hand - consists in minimizing the penalized potential energy under a volume constraint. In both approaches, the implemented frictionless contact algorithms are validated through different examples of pressurized membranes in contact. Finally, the numerical results of the quasi-static deployment of folded tubes are compared with experimental results. The curves giving the deflection at the tip of the tube versus the internal pressure shows a good correlation between the measurement and the numerical model
Alsayyah, Cynthia. „Régulation de la fusion mitochondriale par le Système Ubiquitine Protéasome et les contacts physiques mitochondrie - peroxysomes chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03810525.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo constant fission and fusion of their outer and inner membranes. These processes are critical to maintain essential mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation or calcium signaling. On a molecular basis, mitochondrial fusion and fission both depend on large GTPases of the Dynamin-Related Protein (DRP) family. The DRPs that mediate attachment and fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes are called the Mitofusins. The yeast mitofusin Fzo1 is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Its oligomerization promotes mitochondrial tethering followed by mitochondrial outer membrane fusion. Fzo1 has recently been proposed as a potential tether between peroxisomes and mitochondria when overexpressed. However, whether Fzo1 is present on peroxisomal membranes in WT cells or whether this extra-mitochondrial localization is a consequence of overexpression is unknown. In addition, we still don’t know how peroxisomal and mitochondrial Fzo1 mediate these contacts and their purpose in the cell. In my thesis, we were able to prove that Fzo1 naturally localizes to peroxisomes and oligomerizes with the mitochondrial Fzo1 thus creating Fzo1-Fzo1 contacts between peroxisomes and mitochondria which we will now call “Fzo1-mediated permit” contacts. We found that these contacts are modulated by Fzo1 levels which are tightly regulated by an SCF ubiquitin ligase called Mdm30 but also depending on fatty acid desaturation levels in the cell. From a functional standpoint, we found that the role of Fzo1-mediated permit contacts is to regulate mitochondrial fusion through the glyoxylate cycle, a process which allows cells to convert C2 unit compounds to C4 precursors for amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis. We discovered that Fzo1-mediated permit contacts allow the mitochondrial transfer of early byproducts of the glyoxylate cycle to stimulate mitochondrial fusion. In fine, the results obtained during my thesis enriched our knowledge on organelle contacts and allowed us to prove that Fzo1 is localized on both mitochondrial and peroxisomal membranes in wild type cells. Our studies also show that Fzo1-mediated permit contacts are modulated according to the cell’s needs as they play a crucial role in upkeeping mitochondrial fusion by providing a possible shortcut for byproducts of the glyoxylate cycle to reach mitochondria when direly needed
Jamecna, Denisa. „Une région intrinsèquement désordonnée dans OSBP contrôle la géometrie et la dynamique du site de contact membranaire“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4229/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOxysterol binding protein (OSBP) is a lipid transfer protein that regulates cholesterol distribution in cell membranes. OSBP consists of a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two coiled-coils, a “two phenylalanines in acidic tract” (FFAT) motif and a C-terminal lipid binding OSBP-Related Domain (ORD). The PH domain recognizes PI(4)P and small G protein Arf1-GTP at the Golgi, whereas the FFAT motif interacts with the ER-resident protein VAP-A. By binding all these determinants simultaneously, OSBP creates membrane contact sites between ER and Golgi, allowing the counter-transport of cholesterol and PI(4)P by the ORD. OSBP also contains an intrinsically disordered ~80 aa long N-terminal sequence, composed mostly of glycine, proline and alanine. We demonstrate that the presence of disordered N-terminus increases the Stoke’s radius of OSBP truncated proteins and limits their density and saturation level on PI(4)P-containing membrane. The N-terminus also prevents the two PH domains of OSBP dimer to symmetrically tether two PI(4)P-containing (Golgi-like) liposomes, whereas protein lacking the disordered sequence promotes symmetrical liposome aggregation. Similarly, we observe a difference in OSBP membrane distribution on tethered giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), based on the presence/absence of N-terminus. Protein with disordered sequence is homogeneously distributed all over the GUV surface, whereas protein without N-terminus tends to accumulate at the interface between two PI(4)P-containing GUVs. This protein accumulation leads to local overcrowding, which is reflected by slow in-plane diffusion. The effect of N-terminus is also manifested in monomeric OSBPderived proteins that tether ER-like and Golgi-like membranes in the presence of VAP-A. Findings from our in vitro experiments are confirmed in living cells, where N-terminus controls the recruitment of OSBP on Golgi membranes, its motility and the on-and-off dynamics during lipid transfer cycles. Most OSBP-related proteins contain low complexity N-terminal sequences, suggesting a general effect
Causeret, Marie. „Formation du contact intercellulaire dépendante de la N-Cadhérine dans les cellules musculaires : rôle des microdomaines membranaires et des GTPases de la famille Rho“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYounas, Mohammad. „Modélisation dynamique des contacteurs membranaires pour l'extraction liquide-liquide : experimentation et simulation“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current study deals with the dynamic modelling of hollow fiber membrane contactor extraction plant. The objective of the study is to develop a simulation tool in order to optimize the membrane contactors for liquid-liquid extraction in two different applications: aroma and copper extraction from aqueous solutions. Axial-radial stage and single-fiber model of hollow fiber membrane contactor have been proposed based on resistance-in-series model. A separate dynamic model across reservoir has been developed based on macroscopic unsteady state mass transfer balance. Both models are, then, coupled to consolidate into an integrated dynamic model of the membrane-based solvent extraction plant. Experiments have been carried out to verify the reaction mechanism of various solvent extraction systems and to validate the integrated dynamic model. Model has been used to determine the influence of different module configurations, membrane structural para meters, hydrodynamic, transport and operating conditions upon the extraction efficiency and speed of extraction
Wilhelm, Léa. „Etude du rôle de STARD3 dans le transport du cholestérol“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ048/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSTARD3 is an endosomal sterol-binding protein which belongs to the START protein family. Remarkably, STARD3 modulates the cellular organization by creating membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and endosomes. The link between ER-endosome contact sites and cholesterol transport was not understood. In this work, we showed that STARD3 and its ER–resident partner, VAMP–associated protein (VAP), assemble into a machine that allows a highly efficient transport of cholesterol within ER–endosome contacts. This cholesterol transport provides building blocks for endosome inner membranes formation, and is probably involved in endosome dynamics. Furthermore, we studied STARD3 function in Niemann Pick type C disease, a condition characterized by an impairment of endosomal cholesterol export
Michaud, Maïté. „Contacteur membranaire innovant pour la cristallisation : application aux systèmes de type diffusion / réaction“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1322.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMembrane processes are considered as one of the most promising breakthrough technology for crystallization/precipitation operations. Porous materials have been extensively investigated but they have shown some serious limitations due to pore blocking and wetting phenomenon. The use of a dense membrane is expected to circumvent the pore blocking issue while keeping the advantages of membrane processes. In a first part, the model compound, BaCO3, is precipitated within a gas-liquid or liquid-liquid membrane contactor working under static conditions for both systems. In this configuration, hydrodynamic influences are avoided. The membrane-crystals interactions are studied using several dense membrane polymers. Permeability of both reactant species and surface tension are the key parameters to be considered. Indeed, these parameters greatly affect the deposit location of the crystals and their adherence on the membrane surface. Fouling within the membrane and on the surface are prevented with PDMS and Teflon AF 2400 which are thereby the two most promising materials for the given application. In a second part, the same model compound is precipitated in gas-liquid system under dynamic conditions. Self-supporting (PDMS) and composite hollow fibers (PP-Teflon AF 2400) are studied. Investigations on the operating condition influences show similar results to those obtained with membrane contactor used for CO2 capture: resistance to mass transfer is mainly located in the liquid phase. Proof of concept is supported by the stable performances obtained with the PP-Teflon AF 2400 module of 10 % packing ratio. The module geometry, and more specifically its packing ratio, is an important criterion to take into account to avoid module blocking. Finally, 2D computational fluid dynamics simulations, using the finite element method are performed. One single kinetic parameter is used to fit the experimental data. The simulated concentration profiles are not satisfactory. Nonetheless, predictability of the model seems to be promising: crystal productivities are rather well estimated
Nicolas, William. „Understanding plasmodesmata membrane organization and the control of cell-to-cell connectivity in plants“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlasmodesmata were first observed by Austrian botanist Eduard Tangl in 1880. He devoted himself to studying the anatomy and cytology of plants and his greatest discovery, of course, was the observation and first characterization of plasmodesmata (Tangl 1880, 1884 and 1885). Despite not having access to their ultrastructure, he observed thin striations (see front page engraving) between cotyledon cells of Strychnos nuxvomica and in the endosperm of seeds and described them as being conductive ducts. Already at the time, he was evoking the idea that these strands "unite them [the cells] to an entity of higher order", in other words formulating the first definition of a symplastic domain. lt is only in 1901 that Strasburger finally names these canals "plasmodesmata". His discovery led to a radical change in our conception of the plant entity and brought in new concepts such as the symplasm (Munch 1930) and transmembrane fluxes between cells, which are now being tackled with great interest by numerous research teams around the globe.Because of their size, plasmodesmata ultrastructure was not accessible until the advent of electron microscopy and they were long thought to be simple holes connecting plant cells one-another with no specific regulation. lt is only with the advent of electron microscopy and chemical fixation that botanists started to gain interest in this structure again. And even with these methods allowing the observation of structures down to several nanometers in size, there are still debates on the nature of the canal, its constituents and physiology (Lopez-Saez J. 1965, Robards A. 1970, Ding et al. 1992, Tilney et al. 1991, Overall and Gunning 1982, Schulz et al. 1995).Nowadays, with the advent of modern cryopreservation and three-dimensional electron tomography methods, great improvements are to be done in the understanding of the ultrastructure and physiology of these mysterious canals. More particularly by understanding the link between the membranous rearrangements taking place in these pores and the molecular transit regulation.My work has led us to view plasmodesmata as specialised Membrane Contact Sites (MCS). Hence, by analogy with MCS found in mammals, yeast and plants, this work embraces an original angle on the speculation of the composition and role of the desmotubule-plasma-membrane tethering complex. The work produced during my thesis allowed me to contribute to the publication of one review and two articles, which will constitute the introduction and two main sub-sections of the results chapter, respectively. The introductory review has been published in 2016 in Annual Review of Plant Biology. The first one is still under reviewing at Nature Plant and the other has been published in The Plant Cell journal in April 2015
Boucif, Noureddine. „Modélisation et simulation de contacteurs membranaires pour les procédés d'absorption de gaz acides par solvant chimique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0280/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe overarching objective of this thesis is the research of mathematical models which are better to describe the process of gas-liquid absorption in a membrane contactor with porous or dense hollow fibers. The geometric configuration of these contactors, combined with their low energy consumption and their compactness, allows them to gradually replace conventional processes such as packing towers and absorption columns. Our goal is to study the performance of these innovative processes by developing more rigorous mathematical models. In this scope, we studied several cases where the hydrodynamics of fluid flow, the nature of the solute or solvent have been changed. First, only the hydrodynamics of the fibre side compartment has been taken into account for two types of an absorption process with and without chemical reaction. Subsequently, the hydrodynamics of fluid flow in both the fiber side as shell side were taken into consideration. Models have been developed for classical carbon dioxide absorption in monoéthanolamine solutions (liquid absorption of reference) where the flow fluid in the shell were is assumed to obey a plug-flow in a first case, described by the surface free model known as "Happel model" in a second case, and finally characterized by the momentum Navier-Stokes equations in a third case. The comparison of the numerically simulated results collected from the three models showed that those of the third case matched very closely with the laboratory experimental results
Rossignol, Cindie. „Couplage d'un contacteur membranaire à extraction liquide-liquide avec un biorécteur pour la production de molécules hydrophobes par voie biotechnologique“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22353.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study deals with the combination of a membrane process based on liquid/liquid extraction with a bioreactor producing hydrophobic molecules. The bioconversion used is the production of cis-2-methyl-5-isopropylhexa-2,5-dienal (isonovalal) from α-pinene oxide (unstable in aqueous phase) by whole cells of Pseudomonas rhodesiae (CIP 107491). The production of isonovalal in two-phase medium water/organic is known about but presents important technological brakes. Membrane interest concerns the stabilization of liquid/liquid interface and capacity to increase the biocatalyst life-time. Membrane nature is chosen from the analysis of physical and chemical properties of membrane material and study of the affinities between membrane and interest compounds (solutes, solvents). Two membrane contactors are designed and implemented on laboratory scale to study transfers between liquid phases. It is shown that the hydrodynamic conditions in the membrane neighborhood, in particular on aqueous side, play a major role on transfer speeds. This result underlines the importance of design and operation conditions in membrane module about the transfer capacities. The combination of liquid/liquid membrane extraction and biological reaction with unstable substrate had been studied and lead to the implementation of a serial bi-membrane system. The developed prototype, equipped with a PTFE membrane (polytetrafluoroethylene) with 0.22 μm pores’ diameter, highlights a doubling of catalytic capacities (+ 100 % of isonovalal per gram of biomass) as well as biocatalyst life-time (160 hours against 80 hours) compared with the same bioconversion realized in conventional two-phase medium system
Chavan, Sayali Ramdas. „Development, modeling and optimization of CO2 separation process using membrane contactor : applied to hydrogen purification“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on separating CO2 from syngas to produce high purity hydrogen based on gas-liquid absorption. To do so, a lab-scale pilot was built featuring three Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors (HFMC). Primary sensitivity analysis of the process revealed that the purity remains below 99%, explained by the residual concentrations of carbonate CO2/3− and bicarbonate HCO3−. A theoretical equilibrium model and later a new approach based on pH variation (pHSA) was put forward to overcome the purity limitation achieving H2 purity of 99.96% and 94% yield. Moreover, a predictive transfer model was solved in 1D to predict absorption of CO2 in pure and gas mixtures. The model was fitted for both cases and then validated with experimental data. This work opens perspectives as a competitive solution in terms of investment and operating costs. The numerical model developed is a powerful design and optimization tool
Sohaib, Qazi. „Capture post-combustion du dioxyde de carbone en couplant des contacteurs membranaires et liquides ioniques : étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePost-combustion CO2 capture in a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC), using imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) as absorbents, was studied through an experimental and modeling approach. Equilibrium solubility of CO2 in RTILs was measured by isochoric pressure drop. Pore wetting was analyzed by measuring surface tension of the RTILs, contact angle and liquid entry pressure (LEP). The experimental work of CO2 capture from a gas mixture was carried out with a laboratory scale unit using a single HFMC for absorption or two coupled HFMCs one for absorption and a second for desorption working simultaneously. Furthermore, robust and rigorous dynamic modelling approaches were developed for isothermal (with RTILs) and non-isothermal (with AAILs) absorption. Both isothermal and non-isothermal models were validated with experimental data and were used to simulate a large range of operating conditions. Initial high values of CO2 absorption rate and experimental mass transfer coefficients decreased with operation time and reached a nearly constant value at pseudo-steady-state. Before reaching pseudo-steady-state, the separation efficiency of coupled process was higher when compared with the absorption with a single module
Zaidiza, David Ricardo Albarracin. „Modelling of Hollow Fibre Membrane Contactors : Application to Post-combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0035/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePost-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) is an important strategy in mitigating greenhouse effect. The reference process in PCC is the CO2 absorption into amine aqueous solutions, followed by the regeneration (or stripping) of the solvent. The robustness of packed columns makes it the standard technology for both absorption and stripping steps. However, the treatment of large quantities of flue gases requires itself equipment of a large size. Hollow fibre membrane contactors (HFMC) are considered as one of the most promising strategies for intensified CO2 absorption process, due to their significantly higher interfacial area than that of packed columns, allowing to reduce the equipment size. In addition, this would reduce the energy penalty of the process by reducing the required amount of stripping steam. However, despite the potential advantages of HFMC, very few investigations have studied implementing this technology for PCC within an industrial framework. To fill this lack, the performances of both absorption and stripping steps using HFMC under industrial conditions were estimated by modelling and simulation. To identify the optimal modelling strategy, transfer models with different levels of complexity were developed ranging from one-dimensional isothermal single-component to two-dimensional adiabatic multi-component. Simulation results of both absorption and stripping steps revealed that, compared to traditional packed columns, contactor volume reduction factors comprised between 4 and 10 might be achieved using HFMC. However, since the stripping operating conditions are very close to thermodynamic equilibrium, HFMC can hardly reduce the energy consumption of the process
Makhloufi, Camel. „Étude expérimentale et modélisation d'un procédé de captage en CO2 en postcombustion par l'ammoniaque à l'aide de contacteurs membranaires : du matériau à l'évaluation de l'intensification de l'absorption“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0318/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAqueous ammonia as a solvent for post-combustion CO2 capture in a packed column is seen as a promising technology. Nevertheless, ammonia volatility is a considerable drawback for its large scale deployment. In this study, the ability of hollow fiber membrane contactors to significantly improve CO2 mass transfer performances while mitigating ammonia losses when compared to packed column is evaluated. In that purpose, the use of innovating composite fibers made of a thin dense layer selective for CO2 over NH3 is proposed. Up to now, a faster permeation of CO2 compared to NH3 in dense polymers was totally unexpected and to our knowledge unexplored. Time-lag experiments have revealed a series of 6 fluorinated structures showing the desired reverse selectivity properties. Teflon AF2400 has been selected as the dense skin of composite fibers used during absorption experiments. Their performances have been compared, for different operating conditions, to those given by commercial microporous (Oxyphan) and composite (Oxyplus) membrane contactors. Due to ammonium salt precipitation issues, no stable experiment has been achieved using microporous membrane contactors. At the opposite, absorption efficiencies higher than post-combustion capture standards have been reached using composite membrane contactors. 2D mass transfer modeling has revealed the controlling role of the microporous support in the observed absorption performances. Finally, high CO2 mass transfer intensification factor and drastically reduced ammonia losses have been shown
Nguyen, Phuc Tien. „Contacteurs à membranes denses pour les procédés d'absorption gaz-liquide intensifiés : application à la capture du CO₂ en post combustion“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL014N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present work aims to explore the intensification of gas-liquid absorption processes. This study is applied to post combustion CO₂ capture by means of membrane contactors in comparison to packed columns. Microporous hollow fiber membrane contactors lead to high mass transfer but wetting problems are likely to occur and result in tremendous deterioration in performances with time. Our objective is to develop composite hollow fibers based on a microporous structure and a thin dense layer highly permeable to CO₂, in order to create a real barrier to liquid penetration and to limit mass transfer resistance. Super glassy polymers as PTMSP and Teflon AF2400 were selected for their extremely high CO₂ permeability and their chemical resistance to MEA (reference absorption liquid). Composite hollow fibers were made by coating and the dense layers obtained are thin (1 to 2 microns). Composite hollow fiber membrane contactors were tested for the separation of a CO₂/N2 mixture with an aqueous solution of MEA. Capture ratios achieved by composite hollow fibers are similar to those measured for microporous membranes and the dense layer prevents from wetting problems. Simulations based on 2D modeling of the mass transfer, show that the performances of composite hollow fiber membrane contactors, under operating conditions close to the industrial case, can lead to an intensification factor up to 6 compared to packed columns
Villeneuve, Kévin. „Contacteurs à membranes composites pour le captage du CO2 en postcombustion dans des solutions ammoniacales en vue de sa valorisation sur site industriel : étude expérimentale et modélisation des étapes d'absorption et de désorption“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work aims to evaluate the performances of hollow fiber membrane contactors used for the CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia and the regeneration of the latter within the frame of post-combustion CO2 capture. Fibers are made of a thin dense layer coated on a microporous support, the dense layer prevent membrane wetting by liquid penetration. Both experiment and modelling were done. During absorption experiments, important decrease of the CO2 capture efficiency was observed due to ammonium salts precipitation in the gas-side corroborating results from previous works. Experiments with CO2/N2 mixture saturated with water vapor, as would be the case for flue gas, interestingly, showed stable performances of the process. A one-dimensional multi-component adiabatic transfer model for CO2 absorption in NH3 has been implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler® and validated with experimental results. The simulations performed with the model confirmed the volumetric intensification potential of the technology, however, the NH3 slip reduction expected, because of the use of a dense layer more permeable to CO2 than NH3, wasn’t satisfying. Water condensation phenomenon in membrane contactors were studied with both experiments and simulations. It was thus showed that membrane pore wetting by condensation should not happened but gas-side condensation led to an important increase of the pressure drop with the potential of increasing compression costs. Experiments and simulations of the desorption of CO2 from a loaded aqueous ammonia solution with a membrane contactor were performed and important disparities were found between CO2 flux measured and simulated. A volumetric reduction of the membrane contactor when compared to the packed column was calculated highlighting the potential of the technology for the stripping step. In collaboration with the partners of the C2B project, in which this thesis is integrated, CO2 absorption essays were carried out on site with an industrial scale membrane contactor. The results of this pilot are consistent with laboratory results and encourages the transfer of the technology to the industrial scale
Laouini, Abdallah. „Encapsulation de la vitamine E dans des vecteurs pharmaceutiques inhalables préparés par des contacteurs à membrane“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10300/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study investigated the preparation of pharmaceutical drug carriers encapsulating the vitamin E and intended for pulmonary administration after nebulisation. Vitamin E, a physiological antioxidant, could be used to prevent cigarette smoke toxicity since several pulmonary disorders are mainly caused by oxidative stress phenomena. The methods used for the drug carriers’ preparation were based on the membrane emulsification principle. In these methods, the to-be-dispersed phase was injected in the continuous phase through the pores of a microporous membrane. The advantages of this method are: a better control over the diffusive mixing at the liquid / membrane interface and thus a fine control of droplets size distribution, a less energy consumption and an easy extrapolation of the obtained results for an industrial large scale-up. In order to investigate the preparation processes, key parameters influence on particles characteristics was investigated. Different experimental set-ups were used: (i) tubular membranes with a cross flow circulation of the continuous phase, (ii) stirred cell device with a flat micro-engineered membrane, (iii) oscillating membrane module in a stationary continuous phase. For direct emulsification, various membranes were used such as : SPG membranes, micro-engineered membranes and ceramic membranes. For premix emulsification, a packed bed of glass beads, called dynamic membrane, was studied. Four different drug carriers were developed during this study: liposomes, micelles, nano-emulsion and solid-lipid particles. The different encapsulating systems were characterized in terms of size distribution, zeta potential, microscopic morphology, encapsulation efficiency and stability. Results showed that the obtained drug carriers presented convenient properties. After nebulization of vitamin E encapsulating systems, the obtained aerosols presented satisfying aerodynamic characteristics which allowed the prediction (using a mathematical model) of a high level of vitamin E deposit on its action site
Jurcic, Nina. „GABA-b receptors and calcium homeostasis in medullo-spinal CSF-contacting neurons“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0205/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) located in the ependymal region around the central canal (CC) in the brainstem and the spinal cord are GABAergic neurons that project a single dendrite to the CSF and ends with a large protrusion. They selectively express PKD2L1 channel suggested to act as chemo- and mechanoreceptor. Considering their localization, morphology and selective expression of PKD2L1 channel, CSF-cNs would represent a novel population of sensory neurons within the CNS. To better understand the role of CSF-cNs in mammals, it is necessary to describe the physiological properties and modulation of CFS-cNs. In the present study, I focused on Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in mouse medullo-spinal CSF-cNs. I report that Ca2+ channels in CSF-cNs undergo modulation by metabotropic GABAB and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. I further show the involvement of intracellular Ca2+ stores in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. Next, I demonstrate for the first time functional relationship between bud and soma and indicate that the bud would be devoid of active ionic conductance. Finally, to address the role of CSF-cNs, I developed chemogenetic (DREADDs) and optogenetic (channelrhodopsin) mice models to be able to selectively manipulate CSF-cN activity. Altogether, the results of my PhD study contribute to better understanding mammalian medullo-spinal CSF-cNs by providing valuable information on their physiology and modulation. They also set ground for further studies carried out in ex-vivo preparation or in vivo models to demonstrate their role in the regulation of CNS activity
Toro, Molina Carol. „Comparaison du captage du CO2 en postcombustion par des solutions d'ammoniaque et d'amines organiques : Évaluation en contacteurs direct et indirect, par des approches cinétiques, thermodynamiques et par modélisation“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935386.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiciuc, Igor. „Étude des paramètres affectant le transfert d'oxygène dans les vins“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14163/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicro-oxygenation of the wines, by the dispersion of oxygen bubbles, is a practice increasingly used in oenology. This technique is not always suitably controlled for lack of scientific knowledge on the parameters governing the transfer of oxygen. Research was focused on the study of transfer coefficients in function of wine components (CO2, ethanol, sucrose, consuming oxygen) and of operating conditions (type of diffuser, temperature, relationship between height and diameter of the container of liquid). The results show that during micro-oxygenation, the dissolved carbon dioxide and the sucrose have a negative incidence on the transfer whereas the presence of ethanol improves the transfer. As operating conditions are concerned, the increase in gas output and the increase in micro-oxygenation tank height/diameter ratio positively influence oxygen transfer. For wines, the specific surface of the bubbles and the mass transfer coefficient could be dissociated. The surfactant nature of wine components seems to be the most important factor in mass transfer. The knowledge so acquired was applied to micro-oxygenation during two stages of wine making: alcoholic fermentation with the oxygen yield control and the simulation of ageing technique in barrels coupled with the wood chips addition. A new approach relates to the study of a membrane contactor application allowing the oxygen transfer by diffusion
Stéphanou, Angélique. „Dynamique spatio-temporelle des déformations membranaires et de la migration cellulaire :“. Phd thesis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004593.
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