Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Consumer Distribution Corporation“
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Rosalina, Sylvia Sari. „STRATEGI PENENTUAN LOKASI GLOBAL PERUSAHAAN (STUDI KASUS DI STARBUCKS JAKARTA)“. BISMA 12, Nr. 2 (30.06.2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v12i2.7893.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer perceptions towards the location strategy used by Starbucks Corporation in Jakarta, Indonesia. The sample consists of 90 Starbucks consumers in Jakarta. This study uses descriptive analysis based on the results of the questionnaires distribution on respondents. The results show that the location strategy used by Starbucks Corporation in Jakarta has significant effect in increasing the number of customers and the product value which resulting in the increased company profit.
Keywords: Location Strategy, Starbucks, Indonesia
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McCarville, Ryan. „Drinking in Private: A Public Concern“. Political Science Undergraduate Review 2, Nr. 1 (15.10.2016): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur64.
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The privatization of the liquor distribution system in Alberta was undertaken by a Conservative government motivated by achieving fiscal austerity, along with greater consumer benefit, both in cost and selection. The privatization of this Crown corporation was rationalized as an action that, above all else, held the individual’s best interest in mind. I argue that, in fact, this decision created the opposite effect. By analyzing the neoliberal governing paradigm and the structures created with New Public Management (NPM), this paper will outline the forces driving privatization of Crown corporations. I will advocate for a return to a public system of distribution by classifying alcohol as a unique product in the consumer market. Finally, I will analyze the indirect costs associated with alcohol consumption by comparing public and private markets across Canada. Viewing alcohol distribution in a holistic lens will quell the notion that the market mechanism is capable of managing liquor distribution, and highlight the mischaracterizations and flaws in the Progressive Conservative government’s 1993 decision.
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Prettyman, Gib. „Advertising, Utopia, and Commercial Idealism: The Case of King Gillette“. Prospects 24 (Oktober 1999): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000351.
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In the history of American consumer society, the case of King Camp Gillette, the “Razor King,” is at once strange and typical. Gillette — named King after a friend of his father — is recognized as the inventor of the modern safety razor and the namesake of the corporation launched to produce and sell it. As a tale of individual entrepreneurial triumph, Gillette's life follows a familiar pattern: hard work, visionary zeal, ridicule and adversity, persistence, trial and error, and conspicuous success. His story also functions well as a case study in the evolution of modern corporate business practice. The commercial genius of Gillette's invention was its disposable blade, and given a product (the razor) which created its own perpetual market (for the blades), the corporation used the modern tools of patent enforcement, stock offerings, public relations, market research, distribution, technology, diversification, and especially advertising to build and maintain its market share for the last 100 years. In these respects and others, Gillette's story finds an indigenous place in business textbooks, company testimonials, and cultural mythology.
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CHAUHAN, RAJAT. „CUSTOMER SEGMENTATION: IDENTIFY DISTINCT CUSTOMER GROUPS BASED ON BEHAVIOR AND DEMOGRAPHICS, ALLOWING FOR TARGETED CAMPAIGNS AND CONTENT FOR EACH SEGMENT“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, Nr. 04 (02.05.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32697.
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In today's fiercely competitive economic climate, I see the insurance industry as having the most opportunity for growth and success. With growth rates of 70–80% and 12–15% respectively, the insurance and fast-moving consumer goods industries are the world's fastest-growing. I am attracted to this business and its potential for advancement since Life Insurance Corporation of India has given me the opportunity to work and gain experience in a highly competitive and enhancing domain. Distribution channels play a vital role in the success of many market companies that strive for a good market share by making items and services easily accessible to clients. Agents and agency holders are the only distribution channels available in the insurance market. If the correct amount of agents are employed, insurance companies such as MAX, RELIANCE LIFE INSURANCE, and TATA AIG may be able to capture an excessive piece of the market. Agents are the exclusive means by which insurance firms can disperse their benefits and goods. communicating the company's principles and goals to potential customers, particularly those from marginalized communities.
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Alhamzah, Ali A., Abdulrahman S. Alofi, Abdulrahman A. Abid und Christopher M. Fellows. „Control of Bromate Formation in Desalinated Seawater Production and Transmission with Ammoniation“. Water 15, Nr. 21 (06.11.2023): 3858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15213858.
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Bromate is a potentially carcinogenic disinfection by-product of potential concern in desalinated waters, where bromide derived from seawater can be converted to bromate by the oxidising species used for disinfection. Historically, it has been difficult to maintain complete adherence to national standards of no more than 10 ppb for bromate at all locations served with desalinated seawater by the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this full-scale study, the addition of 100–200 ppb of ammonia to the produced water of a Multi-Stage Flash Desalination plant effectively controlled the formation of bromate in the transmission system supplying inland centres in the Makkah Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arafa, Taif) on a time scale sufficient for the distribution of water to the consumer, even when the bromide content of the produced water was artificially enhanced (up to 132 ppb) via the addition of seawater.
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Zamula, Olena, Oleksii Zamula und Iryna Uhrimova. „FORMATION OF A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR AN INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT“. Economic Analysis, Nr. 30(1, Part 1) (2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.01.090.
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Introduction. The development of a modern society is determined by the interaction of various state, commercial and public organizations, which have their own principles, traditions and values, on which the behavior of individuals is based. In such a case, an urgent problem for industrial corporations is finding a value-oriented idea to develop a system of careful management of the environment and taking into account the interests of all stakeholders. It must be accepted by consumers, staff and business owners, without which its successful implementation is impossible. For this purpose, the whole process, from the development of the idea to the control of the obtained results, should be carried out on the basis of scientifically substantiated methodical and practical recommendations for the choice of appropriate management measures that will maximally contribute to the sustainable development of the enterprise. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop a management system for an industrial corporation’s sustainable development while minimizing the losses caused by the realization of financial, technological and environmental risks. Methodology. The methodology of the work is based on the method of systematic analysis in describing а management system for an industrial corporation’s sustainable development, and management methods in the development of management measures. Results. The results of the article are to formulate the definition of "management system for an industrial corporation’s sustainable development " as a system in which executives of various levels exercise on the environmental, economic and social elements of the managed subsystem of industrial corporations a purposeful set of measures to ensure positive changes in socio-economic indicators of activity loss while minimizing caused by the realization of risks associated with the effects of financial, environmental, technological and human factors. In order to achieve sustainable development goals, industrial corporation executives are invited to choose a set of measures for the environmental, economic and social elements of the managed subsystem, which should include: organizational changes to identify the centers of decision-making responsibility, identify signs of risk realization and prevent the occurrence of appropriate risks and optimizing the distribution of results of industrial corporation activities among stakeholders.
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Raval, Devang A., Dinesh Rathod, Ripal Panchal, Jaydeepkumar Ghevariya Ghevariya und Kinner Patel. „Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Qualities of Drinking Water in Ahmedabad Slum, India: A Cross-Sectional Study“. Healthline 15, Nr. 1 (31.03.2024): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51957/healthline5892024.
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ntroduction: The quality of drinking water is a public health concern, especially in urban slum areas. Drinking water quality and contamination are seriously threatened by the growing slum population and irregular water supply. Objective: To examine the physicochemical and microbiological quality of drinking water in the field practice area of one of the Tertiary-care hospital in Ahmedabad a part of PG teaching activity. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out for water quality assessment using stratified random sampling. A total of 139 water samples were collected; samples were collected from different households in different areas of the Asarwa ward of Ahmedabad Corporation. From each ASHA worker’s area, according to population of that area, 6 to 10 samples were selected. The samples were analysed using standard methods and compared with WHO and BIS water quality standards. Results: TDS and alkalinity are above permissible levels in 42.4% and 46.7% samples respectively. pH, turbidity, conductivity, total hardness, and magnesium were found altered in a few samples. The mean free residual chlorine was 0.05 mg/L. Microbiological analysis of water samples revealed the presence of coliform in 5 (3.6%) samples. Conclusion: Except for total alkalinity and TDS, most physicochemical parameters of drinking water were acceptable. By storing water, a low level of free residual chlorine can be justified. A few samples (3.6%) with coliform bacteria indicate water contamination somewhere in the distribution system or at the consumer level.
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Vijay, Dr S. „A Study On Impact Of White Goods Towards consumers Preference“. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, Nr. 12 (18.12.2021): 300–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121029.
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The market’s level of competition has risen as a result of the advent of the overseas white goods industry. With rising earnings, dual-income families, changing lifestyles, credit availability, greater consumer knowledge, and the introduction of new models by Indian and multinational companies, India’s consumer durable sector is riding the crest of the country’s economic boom. As the Durable market is growing rapidly, an understanding of the consumer behavior regarding the characteristic of consumers in influencing their buying behavior is crucial. Consumer requirements of Air-condition, Washing machine and Refrigerator are at present not limited to its basic function but also on other values like – efficiency, ease of use and comfort. The consumer durables industry is marked by the growth of multinational corporations (MNCs), exchange offers, discounts, and fierce competition. MNCs have a 65 percent market share in the consumer durables industry. The expanding Indian middle class is a major focus for multinational corporations. They compete on the basis of a firm grasp on the local market, well-known brands, and a large distribution network, whereas Indian companies compete on the basis of a firm grasp on the local market, well-known brands, and a large distribution network. Consumer durables penetration, on the other hand, is still low in India. At this juncture, this study has been undertaken for to find out the impact and reality of white goods market in India.
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Dalay, Jacobson B., und Fershie Yap. „CONSUMERS’ AWARENESS ON JOLLIBEE FOODS CORPORATION’S CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROGRAMS AND THEIR BUYING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS A STRATEGIC CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY“. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 8, Nr. 4 (14.04.2021): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i4.2021.895.
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The research identified the consumers’ awareness of CSR, consumers’ buying behavior relating to Jollibee Foods Corporation’s (JFC) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs as well as to JFC as an organization, determined the relationship between consumers’ CSR awareness and consumer buying behavior, and ascertained differences in consumer buying behavior according to their socio-demographic classification. The study used descriptive research design, using self-administered questionnaires through purposive sampling method in the selection of respondents with a sample size of 250 consumers who participated in the survey. Data were statistically treated using mean, frequency, and percent distribution and standard deviation, chi-square, correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney. Based on the findings, the researcher concludes that 25-34 years old consumers prefer Jollibee Foods brands as their fast-food preference. Females, those with Bachelor’s degrees, and are employed prefer JFC as well. The majority of respondents/consumers have knowledge on the topic at hand, thus they could be seen as the current audience of the CSR programs being done by JFC. It is highly commendable that JFC is conducting programs for the benefit of its targeted segments and communities, but consumers are not fully aware of these programs. Overall, consumers are most aware of other CSR programs done by JFC. Therefore, the researcher recommends creating a strategic CSR communication of JFC’s CSR programs to increase the awareness of consumers. It should capitalize on identified significant relationships between consumers’ CSR awareness and buying behavior to gain economic advantage.
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Burton, Tanya, Kejal Parikh, Manish Patel, Kevin Sundquist, Lincy S. Lal, Ronda Copher und Aaron T. Gerds. „Real-World Analysis of Ruxolitinib Treatment Patterns and Outcomes Among Patients with Myelofibrosis“. Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13.11.2019): 4750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124651.
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Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, cytopenias, and poor survival. Ruxolitinib (RUX) is the only approved treatment for Intermediate or High-risk MF. In a previous study, we have shown almost 1 in 3 patients initiating RUX had dose modifications during the first 3 months of treatment (Burton T et al. HemaSphere 2019). The objective of this study was to assess RUX treatment patterns among patients with MF. Methods: This retrospective analysis used administrative claims data from a large US health plan to identify adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with ≥ 1 claim for RUX and ≥ 2 non-diagnostic medical claims for primary (International Classification of Diseases [ICD] 9th or 10th Revision [9/10]: 238.76, D47.4) or secondary MF (ICD-9/10: 289.83, D75.81) from January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2018. The first RUX claim on or after the first MF claim defined the index date. Included patients were continuously enrolled in a commercial or Medicare Advantage health plan for 3 months before the index date (pre-index period) and 6 months on or after the index date (post-index period). Clinical characteristics, MF-related treatments, health care resource utilization (HCRU), and costs were assessed during the pre- and post-index periods. Costs were adjusted to 2018 US dollars using the medical component of the Consumer Price Index. Cohorts were created based on the maximum (max) RUX daily dose observed during the 6-month post-index period: suboptimal max < 30 mg/day (SUB); and optimal max ≥ 30 mg/day (OPT). All variables were analyzed descriptively. Results: Among 495 eligible patients, mean (SD) age was 69.4 (10.3) years; 54.1% were male; and 25% had a primary MF diagnosis code. Median initial RUX dose was 30 mg/day and patients continued with this dose for a mean (SD) of 70.0 (45.8) days. RUX dose was modified for 19.4% of patients during the 6-month post-index period, and the distribution of max RUX daily doses was: < 15 mg (13.7%), 15-29 mg (24.9%), 30-40 mg (55.8%), and > 40 mg (5.7%). Two groups based on max RUX dosing were further analyzed: 191 (38.6%) in the SUB cohort (< 30 mg), and 304 (61.4%) in the OPT cohort (≥ 30 mg). Patients in the SUB cohort were older than patients in the OPT cohort (SUB: mean 70.8 [SD 10.1] years; OPT: mean 68.5 [SD 10.3] years; P = 0.013), but the mean Charlson Comorbidity Index scores did not differ (SUB: mean 1.6 [SD 1.8]; OPT: mean 1.5 [SD 1.8]; P = 0.601). Rates of anemia were higher at baseline for the SUB cohort than the OPT cohort (SUB: 64.9%; OPT: 53%; P = 0.009). During the 6-month post-index period, compared with patients in the OPT cohort, patients in the SUB cohort had a higher proportion of thrombocytopenia (SUB: 31.4%; OPT: 22.7%; P = 0.03). Nearly half (45.5%) the sample used a supportive agent such as an androgen, systemic steroid, or erythropoiesis-stimulating agent during the post-index period (SUB: 48.2%; OPT: 43.8%; P = 0.34). With respect to HCRU and costs, the SUB cohort had a higher proportion of emergency department (ED) visits than the OPT cohort during baseline (SUB: 31.4%; OPT: 23.4%; P = 0.048); and baseline total mean (SD) all-cause costs were USD 18,079 (21,876) overall, USD 18,908 (24,411) for the SUB cohort, and USD 17,559 (20,145) for the OPT cohort (P = 0.523). During the 6-month follow-up period, 31.1% of patients had ≥ 1 ED visit (SUB: 35.1%; OPT: 28.6%; P = 0.131), 22.8% had ≥ 1 inpatient (IP) hospitalization (SUB: 24.6%; OPT: 21.7%; P = 0.455), and total mean (SD) all-cause costs were USD 94,498 (97,391) overall (SUB: USD 93,289 [115,418]; OPT: USD 95,258 [84,315]; P = 0.839). Conclusion: In this study, patients with MF treated with RUX experienced significant disease burden and high costs, regardless of dose. Both anemia and thrombocytopenia were observed along with nearly half of patients using a supportive agent. Given the large proportion of patients with a dose adjustment, suboptimal dosing, and an IP hospitalization, there continues to be a need for additional therapeutic options for patients with MF. Disclosures Parikh: Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Patel:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sundquist:Optum: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lal:Optum: Employment. Copher:Celgene Corporation: Employment. Gerds:Roche: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sierra Oncology: Research Funding; CTI Biopharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Imago Biosciences: Research Funding; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy.
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Agarwal, Varun, und Sweta Agrawalla. „Patanjali’s marketing mix: the monk’s new Ferrari“. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, Nr. 4 (20.10.2017): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0123.
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Subject area Marketing Management, Product & Brand Management, Entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability This case can be taught effectively to MBA/BBA students as part of Marketing Management, Product & Brand Management, Entrepreneurship. Case overview The case talks about the marketing mix strategy of India’s fastest growing fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) brand Patanjali, with a tremendous revenue growth rate of 100 per cent for the past five years, leaving major FMCG companies insomniac. Patanjali Ayurved Limited riding on Baba Ramdev’s brand equity positioned itself as an authentic Ayurved brand with ancient Indian roots. Patanjali’s product line ranges from healthcare, personal care, home care, to food and more. Patanjali’s products were priced 10-40 per cent lower than that of its competitors. Run by franchisees, Patanjali had a three-tier distribution system. These included Patanjali Chikitsalayas which were franchise dispensaries and clinics along with doctors, Patanjali Arogya Kendra which were health and wellness centres and Swadeshi Kendra, non-medicine outlets. The company has 15,000 exclusive outlets across India and plans to grow to 1,00,000 exclusive outlets by 2020. Patanjali amazed the world by achieving phenomenal success without spending much on advertising in its nascent stage. Recently Patanjali adopted the multinational corporation (MNC) style of advertising by hiring two top advertising agencies McCann and DDB Mudra to prepare the company for the next phase of growth. Patanjali diversified into various segments of the market, ranging from FMCG products, Ayurvedic medicines, Ayurvedic hospitals and a medical college. Patanjali plans to enter various categories of products including the beauty products segment to compete with major MNCs, the baby care segment to compete with Johnson & Johnson, and the sports segment to compete with Nike and Adidas. Patanjali as a brand has a strong positioning in the minds of consumers as a natural and Ayurvedic brand. Will Patanjali’s foray into so many diversified segments lead to a brand extension trap and confused positioning? Because Patanjali as a brand, solely rides on Baba Ramdev’s image, if Baba Ramdev ever finds himself at the centre of a controversy, will Patanjali’s brand equity take a hit? Will it affect the brand Patanjali? Even if Baba Ramdev does not get into any controversy, what will happen to the brand Patanjali when Baba Ramdev is no more? Who should be the next face of Patanjali? Can the brand survive without a face? Expected learning outcomes The case is designed to enable students to understand the following key learning points: The concept of marketing mix. Product mix, Promotion mix branding (especially “Person as a Brand”), customer-based brand equity (CBBE) model or brand resonance pyramid. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.
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Szwacka-Mokrzycka, Joanna, und Grzegorz Letkowski. „Kierunki dostosowań przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych konsumentów“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), Nr. 4 (28.12.2018): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.134.
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During the transformation of the Polish economy, the huge changes took place in the distribution system. In 1990 the integrator in the food chain was the food industry. In the second decade of the 21st century, the same function is fulfilled by retail trade. This situation is due to the growing position of transnational corporations in Poland. The main goal of the article is to present the scale and scope of changes in retail trade in Poland and to determine the direction of adaptation of commercial enterprises to consumer purchasing patterns. The starting point of consideration is to present the processes of sector concentrations in 2012-2016. Then, the trends of retail trade during the transformation of the Polish economy were analysed. The next part of the study presents adaptations of trade enterprises to the purchasing patterns of Polish consumers.
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Sari, Retno Dewi Pulung, I. Nyoman Nurjaya, Dhiana Puspitawati und Sequito Monteiro. „State Financial Losses as a Result of Environmental Damage“. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 4, Nr. 1 (15.02.2024): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i1.136.
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Indeed, corporations serve as the primary consumers of resources and the primary contributors to environmental damage. Indonesia incurs substantial economic losses as a consequence of environmental damage. Corruption frequently contributes to the deterioration of these conditions, resulting in fiscal ramifications for the government that are attributable to environmental damage. This study aims to examine the state financial losses incurred by states as a result of environmental damage. This is normative-jurisprudential research. This research shows that environmental damage ultimately results in a financial loss for the state and must be recouped by the violating corporation. The deterioration of this circumstance is frequently correlated with corruption, leading to financial losses for the government due to environmental damage. Therefore, a comprehensive legal framework is required to maximize the recovery of this damage. Enhancing regulatory transparency concerning the distribution of state funds and calculating losses will ensure the legal validity of efforts to enforce environmental legislation in response to corporate violations. Furthermore, environmental damage affects the populace's well-being, resulting in economic and health repercussions and reduced state revenue. To promote sustainability, the government must regulate financial impacts through education and a greater focus on MSME business lines.
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Maina, Brenda Njeri. „Marketing Mix Strategy and Business Growth In 5 Star Hotels in Nairobi City County, Kenya: A Case of Hilton Hotel“. International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 4, Nr. 3 (08.11.2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v4i3.290.
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Marketing strategy is the fundamental theme of the entire company, be it a small business or a well-known multinational corporation. The task and task of the organization is to formulate, establish and implement a coherent and elegant marketing strategy to promote its business development to attract the right types of customers and allocate resources for business growth. It does this by using profitability as a measure of business growth. Largely assessed financial efficiency. This search has led to increased competition in the Kenyan hotel industry. This has resulted in hotels developing lean marketing strategies to maintain their relevance in the extremely aggressive Kenyan hotel market. The1main1goals1for1this1findings1is1to1find1out the impacts of marketing mix on business growth in 51star1hotels1in1Nairobi1City1County1Kenya.1A1case1of1Hilton hotel. This study aims to test the degree of product differentiation in marketing strategy: the impact of price marketing strategy, niche marketing strategy, and advertising marketing strategy on profitability, market share, Hilton Kenya consumer service and sales quantity, effects of product differentiation strategy, pricing strategy, placement strategy and advertising strategy on the earnings, market values, number of customers, customer service and volume. Nairobi sales department. Research will rely on the Promotion Mix Theory, Marketing Mix Model, and Marketing Impact and Continuity Model in order to provide a more proper knowledge of the marketing mix and business growth. The study population includes 5-star hotels in Nairobi City County, Kenya, including Sankara Nairobi, Dusit D2 Nairobi, Villa Rosa Kempinski, Sarova Stanley, and Hilton Nairobi. 5 Star Hotels in Nairobi, Kenya The target group will be 84 employees outside of the Hilton hotel headquarters in Nairobi. A stratified random sample is utilized to sample 42 employees at the headquarters, who make up 50% of the total population be to choose a delegate and unbiased sample in order to improve the reliability and validity of the survey results. The questionnaire is used as a data collection tool. A questionnaire will be sent to the research director to check its effectiveness and a pilot study will be undertaken to improve the reliability of the instrument. The quantitative evaluation of the data is carried out with the software SPSS Version 21 and is represented by applying tables of statistical distribution, charts, and pie charts for easy comprehensive. On the other hand, analyzing the qualitative data through content analysis, the research will help various stakeholders of the Hilton hotels understand the importance of the marketing mix and its impact on the business growth of the organization and provide references for forthcoming researchers and academics.
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Cardoso, Wagner, Walther Azzolini Junior, Jéssica Fernanda Bertosse, Edson Bassi und Emanuel Soares Ponciano. „Digital manufacturing, industry 4.0, clould computing and thing internet: Brazilian contextualization and reality“. Independent Journal of Management & Production 8, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v8i2.572.
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The digital era represents significant changes in the design of IT projects with an emphasis on digital infrastructure, especially in terms of investment and professional qualification, which requires, in Brazil, the creation of specific lines of financing by government development agencies. The creation of demonstration platforms could be an effective initiative to stimulate the dissemination of the concept and the establishment of partnerships between customers and suppliers of new technologies. On the other hand, and particularly for the consumer market, corporations can create new business models and modify their relationships with their consumers, users and even competitors. In fact, today, "Thing Internet" has come to significantly modify the paradigms of perception, production and distribution of the capitalist world. This article discusses, covering and understanding the main reasons for the existence of this gap between theory and practice regarding digital manufacturing and adjacencies, the perspectives of technological innovations in the digital era specifically in Brazil. Its content is the result of a bibliographical review carried out from April to June 2016.
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McCourt, Tom, und Patrick Burkart. „When Creators, Corporations and Consumers Collide: Napster and the Development of On-line Music Distribution“. Media, Culture & Society 25, Nr. 3 (Mai 2003): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443703025003003.
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Karakaya, Fahri, und Michael J. Stahl. „Barriers to Entry and Market Entry Decisions in Consumer and Industrial Goods Markets“. Journal of Marketing 53, Nr. 2 (April 1989): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298905300206.
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The authors test six market entry barriers in consumer and industrial markets: cost advantages of incumbents, product differentiation of incumbents, capital requirements, customer switching costs, access to distribution channels, and government policy. They model market entry decisions of 137 executives in 49 major U.S. corporations with a decision-making instrument consisting of 32 market entry opportunities. Each respondent's decisions are modeled by regression analysis. The differences in the importance of the six market entry barriers for early and late entry in consumer and industrial goods markets are investigated. The results indicate that marketing executives consider all six barriers in making market entry decisions. The cost advantages of incumbents are considered to be the most important of the market entry barriers. Major differences also are discovered among the other five barriers. Furthermore, the importance of the barriers differs between consumer and industrial goods markets.
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Ail Ahmed Abdul-Kareem und Ail moh jaf falh. „Study of the relationship of genetic polymorphism of SLC27 gene, fatty acid transport protein, with some economic parameters and carcass characteristics of broilers“. University of Thi-Qar Journal of agricultural research 11, Nr. 2 (06.11.2022): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54174/utjagr.v11i2.202.
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This study was conducted in the poultry field of the College of Agriculture and the Marshes - University of Dhi Qar for the period from 10/11/2021 to 26/12/2021 in cooperation with the Molecular Genetics Laboratories at the Marsh Research Center - College of Agriculture and Marshes for the purpose of the effect of multiple genotypes of the FATP gene on productive performance and some traits Physiology of broilers of ROSS 308 strain, 150 birds were used in this study. The results of this study showed the following.The results were analyzed by the sequence of nitrogenous bases of the gene studied outside Iraq by the South Korean company, Macrogen corporation-Korea. Carcass weight, dressing ratio, relative weight of the studied cuts Three genotypes were diagnosed, the first being GG, GA and AA, and there were significant significant differences (P<0.05)) in the distribution ratios of the genotypes of the FATP gene according to the mutation G237A, where the GA genotype recorded the highest percentage, followed by the GG genotype, and then followed by the AA genotype Its proportions were 0.49, 0.39 and 0.12, respectively, and the G allelic frequency is superior to the A allele, as it reached 0.64 and 0.36, respectively, and it was noted that there were no significant differences for the genotypes of the G237A mutation in the weekly body weights, as it was found that there are no significant differences between the genotypes GA, GG and AA gene FATP in the average live body weight on the first day of life of the bird and the second, third, fourth and fifth weeks, The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) for the genotypes of the G237A mutation in the average carcass weight, as the AA genotype was superior to the GG and GA genotypes. As for the relative weight of the wings, the AA genotype was superior to the GA and GG genotypes, while the relative weight characteristic of the leg was superior to Structure AA on the genotypes GG and GA There was no significant effect of the relative weights of the thighs with the drum stick, wings, neck, back and belly fat
INTRODUCTION
The poultry industry at the present time is characterized by the increase in both production and the high efficiency of birds in converting the consumed feed into meat and eggs, as the main direction for the development of this industry now and in the future is always to improve the productive value (wiseman & Garnsworthy 2001). Some genetic selection, different variants represent a valuable source of protein, vitamins and minerals & cnningham (Demby, 2002) as the percentage of protein in poultry meat is about (5%) (Insr et al., 2006). The next episode was completed in the next episode, and a member of body fat (Simopoulos et al., 1998) Fat deposition is the most important axis for broilers, which is an important aspect in the development of genetic maps, as it is one of the important characteristics that have a direct relationship in determining the quality and quality of meat produced in the world, but in recent years, abdominal fat deposition has become one of the main physiological problems facing the poultry industry as well as reduce The overall production efficiency because it reduces the quality of carcasses and their products and on the other hand affects the consumption of poultry meat as a result of the effect of fat deposition on the health of the consumer (Kahraman et al., 2004)
Therefore, the current study aimed to reveal the multiple genetic phenotypes of the FATP1 gene, the fatty acid transport protein, and its relationship to some economic criteria and carcass characteristics for broilers type ROSS 308) using the technique of deficient DNA sequencing.
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Augustyn, Prisca. „Solar energy discourse in the Sunshine State“. Sign Systems Studies 49, Nr. 1-2 (04.06.2021): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2021.49.1-2.03.
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This case study of a 2016 Florida constitutional amendment analyses the semiotic devices and mechanisms of shaping public opinion on solar energy and beliefs about energy distribution. After a nationwide rise in rooftop solar installations between 2014 and 2015, utilities in several US states were faced with challenges to their business models. Anticipating similar problems in Florida, utilities and energy corporations promoted constitutional amendments. This semiotic analysis follows the voter from the billboards and flyers to the text on the ballot. Starting from Peirce’s phenomenological categories, this critical analysis of the campaign reveals how the goals of the amendment were shrouded in positive environmental and consumer protection narratives. Lakoff ’s cognitive linguistics and Stibbe’s ecolinguistics support a deeper analysis of the ballot text. This study shows that by leaving key concepts (especially net metering) out of the discourse, the ballot text successfully framed an anti-solar amendment as a pro-consumer measure, while hiding the direct legal implications concerning alternative energy distribution. In particular, this study explains the opposition to the sharing of surplus in the context of neoclassical economics as a key factor in shaping beliefs about alternative energy distribution.
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Zielińska, Edyta. „Determinants of demand for services offered at gas stations“. AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, Nr. 12 (31.12.2018): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.509.
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This article describes factors that affect the demand for services offered at the gas stations in Poland. Main types of gas stations that operate within the country are listed and characterised. It is also determined which gas stations are the most popular among the customers and which services rendered are the most important for the consumers. To decide which facilities providing technical re-sources for automotive sector in terms of distribution of, among others, gasoline, diesel fuel and biofuels are best, major oil and gas corporations, i.e. PKN ORLEN, BP and Grupa LOTOS are analysed. The main criteria of assessment of these corporations is information that allows to compare the number of their gas stations, prices of liquid fuel and LP gas and additional services, i.e. fuel cards.
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Ussania, Indah, und Nuri Aslami. „Saluran Distribusi Pemasaran Asuransi“. Mimbar Kampus: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Agama Islam 21, Nr. 1 (05.01.2022): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/mk.v21i1.874.
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Product distribution is one of the marketing process's activities. Many product manufacturers do not sell to end users directly. This is due to the fact that cost distribution is typically the primary reason corporations do not sell items to end customers. The marketing channel is in charge of getting the product from the manufacturer (the insurance company) to the consumer/customer. This can overcome the owner of a product or service's isolation from the people who require it in terms of time, location, and property. This marketing channel, in reality, necessitates product marketing channel management in compliance with OJK standards. In addition, any rivalry that emerges in the marketing channel while selling insurance goods. As a result, the goal of this article is to go into detail about the marketing channels for insurance products in public marketing.
Keywords: Marketing Channels, Distribution, Insurance
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Dauvergne, Peter. „The Problem of Consumption“. Global Environmental Politics 10, Nr. 2 (Mai 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2010.10.2.1.
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One of the biggest challenges for global environmental governance is “the problem of consumption.” The task involves far more than simply influencing what consumers choose, use, and discard. It requires a concerted effort to address the systemic drivers—including advertising, economic growth, technology, income inequality, corporations, population growth, and globalization—that shape the quantities, costs, and distribution of consumer goods. Current efforts to green consumption are “improving” management on many measures, such as per unit energy and resource use. Yet, this essay argues, such “progress” needs to be seen in the context of a rising global population and rising per capita consumption, where states and companies displace much of the costs of consumption far from those who are doing most of the consuming. This raises many questions about the value of sub-global measures for evaluating the environmental effectiveness of efforts to govern consumption. It also suggests the need for more global cooperation to mitigate the ecological effects of consumption. Current international initiatives such as the Marrakech process to draft a 10-Year Framework on “sustainable production and consumption,” however, will need to go well beyond simply promoting efficiencies, new technologies, and a greening of household consumption. Researchers in global environmental politics can assist here by probing even further into the complexity of governing the drivers and consequences of consumption, then working to thread these findings into the international policy process.
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Mahasuar, Kiran. „Strategic innovations in distribution channels – an emerging market perspective and case studies from consumer packaged goods (CPG) industry of India“. Strategic Direction 35, Nr. 1 (14.01.2019): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-07-2018-0158.
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Purpose The distribution channel in Indian Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) ecosystem is both unique and unparalleled in terms of its reach, structure, and size. This paper aims to give an emerging market perspective of the innovations in the distribution models of CPG industry through pertinent case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by two independent writers who have critically evaluated the Indian CPG Distribution ecosystem and contextualized the case-studies with their perspectives. Findings Most of the text-books and academic literature are tailor-made for the distribution through organized retail. So, how do we tackle the complexities of the Distribution in an emerging market like India with a gargantuan proportion of sales in the unorganized retail sector? The paper is possibly the first attempt to give an emerging market perspective of the successful innovations in the distribution models of CPG industry through pertinent case studies and thereby serve as a learner’s primer in this area. Practical implications The paper provides impactful strategic insights and practical thinking derived from the innovative approaches of successful corporations. Originality/value The research paper is first of its kind documentation of innovation in CPG ecosystem of India and thus saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time. The relevant information is presented in a succinct and easy to digest no-frills format.
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Tjahyadi, Rully Arlan, A. Rinny Maharsi, Chandra Kuswoyo, Nonie Magdalena, Allen Kristiawan Kristiawan, Ariesya Aprillia, Cen Lu et al. „Optimalisasi Program Pemasaran Bagi Pelaku Usaha Agrowisata Stroberi“. PATRIA 1, Nr. 2 (09.10.2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/patria.v1i2.2304.
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Abstrak - La Fresa sebagai salah satu perusahaan di Lembang memiliki beberapa unit bisnis, salah satu bisnis yang menjadi perhatian khusus adalah wisata stroberi. Hampir semua agrowisata strawberry menawarkan produk dan layanan serupa kepada setiap konsumen. Agar dapat bersaing dan unggul, agrowisata harus mampu berorientasi pada proses pemenuhan keinginan dan kebutuhan konsumen. Oleh karena itu, Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Kristen Maranatha melakukan kegiatan Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat untuk mengoptimalkan strategi pemasaran La Fresa. Kegiatan ini terdiri dari tiga tahap: (1) identifikasi Segmen, Penargetan, dan Positining (STP), serta bauran pemasaran yang telah dilakukan oleh La Fresa dengan teknik Diskusi Kelompok Fokus (FGD); (2) identifikasi preferensi konsumen untuk agrowisata stroberi dan mengusulkan program pemasaran khusus ke La Fresa dengan teknik distribusi kuesioner; (3) presentasi dan konseling hasil dari FGD dan Riset Pasar.Keywords: Agrotourism, Marketing Mix, Segmentation Targeting Positioning Abstract - La Fresa as one of the corporations in Lembang has several business units, one of the businesses that is of particular concern is strawberry tourism. Almost all strawberry agrotourism offers similar products and services to each consumer. In order to be able to compete and excel, agrotourism must be able to be oriented towards the process of fulfilling consumer desires and needs. Therefore, Departement of Management Maranatha Christian University conducts Research and Community Service activities in order to optimize marketing strategy La Fresa. This activity consists of three stages: (1) identification of Segments, Targeting, and Positining (STP), as well as the marketing mix that has been carried out by La Fresa with Focus Group Discussion (FGD) techniques; (2) identification of consumers' preferences for strawberry agrotourism and proposed specific marketing programs to La Fresa with questionnaire distribution techniques; (3) presentation and counseling of results from the FGD and Market Research.Keywords: Agrotourism, Marketing Mix, Segmentation Targeting Positioning
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Sutrisno, Prety Diawati, Lili Fadli Muhamad, Riko Mersandro Permana und Dewa Oka Suparwata. „Innovative Strategies of SMEs in Alignment with Community Needs“. Jurnal Terobosan Peduli Masyarakat (TIRAKAT) 1, Nr. 1 (22.01.2024): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61100/j.tirakat.v1i1.103.
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SMEs play a crucial role in a country's economy, contributing significantly to GDP, job creation, and income distribution. However, SMEs often face significant challenges, particularly in competing with large corporations and adapting to changing consumer needs. This research focuses on the identification and analysis of innovative strategies that can help SMEs align themselves with community needs. The study adopts a qualitative literature review approach, gathering data from Google Scholar for the period 2018-2023. The results indicate that, in facing challenges and opportunities in the economic landscape, innovative strategies for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) become a fundamental foundation to ensure their relevance and sustainability. A profound understanding of societal needs, the implementation of technology, collaboration, and the enhancement of management skills are key elements in formulating an effective innovative strategy. Through these steps, SMEs can become agents of change, not only meeting consumer expectations but also contributing to sustainable economic growth.
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park jong chul, 임지선 und Jinchul Jung. „The Effect of Investment Distribution to Economic and Social Responsibility Activities of Corporation on the Consumer's Corporate Evaluation“. Journal of Distribution and Management Research 21, Nr. 2 (April 2018): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17961/jdmr.21.2.201804.157.
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Nasiopoulos, Dimitrios K., Dimitrios M. Mastrakoulis und Dimitrios A. Arvanitidis. „The Contribution of Digital Technology to the Forecasting of Supply Chain Development, in IT Products, Modeling and Simulation of the Problem“. Forecasting 4, Nr. 4 (29.11.2022): 1019–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast4040055.
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Aiming for the forecasting and predictability of their future development, corporations have developed appropriate strategies as a result of the necessity to optimize the distribution networks of new IT products over time. The necessity of diversifying manufacturing was brought on by the fierce competition between businesses and the sophisticated consumer demand trends for personalized items. For businesses looking to create more effective distribution networks for their products, mass adaptability may be advantageous. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM), associations developed from web analytics data, and simulation results based on dynamic and agent-based simulation models work together to practically aid digital marketing experts, decision-makers and analysts in offering answers to their corresponding problems. In order to apply the measures in agent-based modeling, the current work is based on the gathering of web analysis data over a predetermined time period, as well as on identifying the influence correlations between measurements.
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Balzhyk, Kristina Ester. „Classic and Popular Music Economy Trends and their Contribution on Social Consciousness“. SOCIAL REVIEW. International Social Sciences Review / Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales 10, Nr. 3 (30.12.2021): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gkarevsocial.v10.2655.
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The rise of the subscription services usage as one of the main tools of music consumption, vigorously changed the dynamic of the relationship between the major music corporations and music consumers. Our main emphasis is to consider both popular and classical music industries, the future and reality under the circumstances of the emerging subscription services. The economical aspect of the music industry during the latest years come into clarification for both classical and mainstream. The purpose of this study is to reveal the complete ‘circle’ of the process starting from promotion and distribution to the final stage where we discover how the product influences our society in a global scale.
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Wandra, Agus, Alisman Alisman und Pola Tengah Pelawi. „Analysis Of Rice Distribution On Price Stability In Perum Bulog, West Aceh Regency“. Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines 2, Nr. 2 (20.02.2023): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.57096/return.v2i2.72.
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Distribution is one of the most important marketing activities carried out in marketing, namely developing and expanding the flow of goods or services from producers to consumers in accordance with a predetermined amount and time. The choice of distribution method is a very important point, because an error in choosing a distribution method can slow down the delivery of goods and services to consumers or users. Distribution of rice is one aspect of the marketing mix that also determines the success or failure of the objectives to be achieved by Perum Bulog, West Aceh Regency in distributing rice to meet community needs. The problem discussed in this study is how the influence of rice distribution on price stability at Bulog Public Corporation in West Aceh Regency. While the aim of this research to be achieved is to determine the effect of rice distribution on price stability at Perum Bulog, West Aceh Regency. The analytical method used in this study is simple linear regression analysis, simple linear regression equation implies that in a regression equation there is one dependent variable and one independent variable. The simple linear regression method aims to prove the hypothesis on the effect of joint distribution variables on price stability at Perum Bulog, West Aceh Regency, both individually and collectively. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the effect of the distribution of rice (X) on the stability of rice prices (Y) is very significant. This is evidenced by the value of Rice Price Stability (Y) at the West Aceh District Bureau of Logistics Agency, a coefficient of determination of 0.875 (R) where this shows 87.50% is in the category of very high influence and the remaining 12.50% is influenced by other variables which is not researched.
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Weissman, Dan. „LANDFILL URBANISM: OPPORTUNISTIC ECOLOGIES, WASTED LANDSCAPES“. Detritus, Nr. 11 (23.07.2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.13968.
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"As a child, my father would take my brother and I to the local junkyard. We’d watch, amazed, as the compressor squashed our waste into a dumpster, then scavenge through piles of scrap metal and climb gigantic wheeled Caterpillar earthmovers". For better or worse, this archetypal junkyard has given way to massively controlled spaces of waste disposal. Today, continuously increasing demand for material coupled with a culture of disposability, has coincided with heightened policy measures restricting landfill development. We have a crisis of waste management. Meanwhile, as landfilling has grown from a localized phenomenon into a regional set of distribution networks, neo-industrialization is emerging throughout the Great Lakes megaregion, suggesting new opportunities for re-territorialization of wasted landscapes. This project posits that extraction of existing landfill sites for material and energy is inevitable. Landfill Urbanism suggests that the act of landfill mining, a contentious and stinky proposition, has the capacity to foster a localized, robust industrial ecology, while also recasting the public’s relationship with our waste through tactical deployment of architecture and urban space-making. Directed Robotic Trash Extractors (DRT-E) exhume and cultivate material, as the project’s conveyor-belt infrastructure allows individuals, cooperatives and corporations to safely sort and collect based on their needs: a novel approach to accessing our 21st century resource. By allowing complete engagement with the public, Landfill Urbanism fosters productive interdependent relationships between consumers, as well as offering to its users a series of spectacular didactic, practical, and recreational experiences. Where the public of today consumes, the public of Landfill Urbanism harvests.
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Jovanova, Kristina. „Sustainable Governance and Knowledge-based Economy – Prerequisites for Sustainable Development of the Developing and Transitional Economies“. Athens Journal of Business & Economics 7, Nr. 1 (12.11.2020): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.7-1-3.
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Economic globalization results in unbalanced development and growing inequality between the centre and the periphery of the global economic map. This process is driven by the expansionist policies of the corporations and the financial capital, being in collision with the social protection system. Markets are good for wealth creation, but they fail to take care of the citizens’ social needs. Social justice is a public good that can be provided for only by means of the political process. Globalization fails to meet the needs of the ultimate beneficiary of the development processes - the citizen. The modality in which economic localization foundations were set in the development and transitional economies, did not exhibit clear development capacities in order to improve the global position of these countries. Alternative development strategies are required in order to keep the territorial integrity of the nation-state and radical reforming of the central government role in the process is a prerequisite. The main driving force of the sustainable governance concept refers to the participation, knowledge and information distribution and cooperation among stakeholders. Economic prosperity is dependent on the effectiveness in production, collection and use of knowledge in the economic processes. Economy converts into a hierarchy of networks and what comes out as a result is a network society in which individual or corporative capacity for participation and networking determines the socio-economic position. Knowledge - Based Economy (KBE) refers to an economy that applies information resources, technology and knowledge into the economic development processes. Innovations entail increased communication intensity and feedback among companies, academic institutions, laboratories, consumers. They are a result of a number of interactions and synergies of specific innovative systems that tend to expand outside national borders, ideally becoming global, incorporating numerous global-local connections. (JEL Q01, F60, F00)
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Rivaldo, Januryanto, Wenny, Danielson und Sherina Hutagaol. „PENGARUH MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK BERBASIS SISTEM ERP DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PT UNILEVER“. Transekonomika: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan 2, Nr. 4 (28.05.2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/transekonomika.v2i4.139.
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Supply chain management is an efficient method for preserving a company's competitive advantage and maximizing its production. ERP systems, in relation with Supply Chain Management, are useful tools for enhancing organizational performance and preserving competitive advantage. ERP systems are concerned with enhancing work operations and data utilization. This study aims to determine how ERP systems can assist distribution organizations in enhancing their supply chain management. This is a literature review that collects data from a variety of textbooks, scholarly articles, and credible information from companies and other reputable sources. The findings revealed that adopting a supply chain management system in order to become such a digital corporation involves and connects the entire company, outside of marketing, to the digital and physical worlds of consumers, and synchronizes activities across the organization. Unilever used real-time digital enterprises successfully to unleash value and facilitate corporate growth.
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Wang, Yan Ling. „Multi-Agent Based Logistics Coordination System“. Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (Januar 2012): 3106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3106.
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Logistics supply chain system management is the integration of key business processes from end user through original logistics suppliers that provides products, services, and information that add value for customers and other stakeholders. Logistics supply chain is a network of suppliers, factories, warehouses, distribution centers and retailers where the raw materials are acquired, manufactured to products, which then are delivered to consumers. The increase of customer expectations in low cost and high services quality has put a premium on effective logistics supply chain reengineering. Many efforts have been endeavoring to improve the supply chain performance to achieve high agility without increasing costs For improved competitiveness, supply chain logistics system in the industry has become more and more important for modern businesses, especially for the major retailing corporations. Multi-agent system which can effectively process distributed large scale data is developed for the logistics supply chain coordinate system.
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Vostrikova, Ekaterina, und Anna Meshkova. „European countries on the road to sustainable development: successes and contradictions“. Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 35, Nr. 5 (31.10.2023): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran52023113127.
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The article considers the main European trends concerning sustainable investment. The study is based on the analysis of official documents, reports, statistical data, as well as the opinions of experts in the field of sustainable development policy. Statistics show a growing interest in sustainable investment in the world as a whole, and Europe continues to take one of the leading positions in terms of financial injections into sustainable development. Although not all European countries are members of the European Union, the development of legislation in sustainable policy demonstrates the same trend, while retaining some pecularities, which are also highlighted in this article. At the same time, the growing disagreements and disproportions among EU countries on certain issues of sustainable development are emphasized. In particular, the classification of nuclear power as «green», the disproportion in the distribution of financial investment flows, the high costs of the «green transition» and their distribution between consumers and producers in the «rich» and less wealthy countries of Europe. The initially unified «intention» is supplemented by a large number of exceptions and concessions generated by lobbies of the corporations which are based in certain countries
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Mishra, Himani, und Prateek Maheshwari. „Blockchain in Indian Public Distribution System: a conceptual framework to prevent leakage of the supplies and its enablers and disablers“. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing 14, Nr. 2 (08.06.2021): 312–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-07-2020-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for the application of blockchain in the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India to manage the supply of food grains to the targeted beneficiaries. The framework will help prevent diversions and leakages of grains at the warehouse and Fair Price Shop (FPS) level. The paper also identifies the enablers and disablers in the context of the framework. Design/methodology/approach This paper will firstly review the previous literature in PDS and blockchain-enabled agricultural and food supply chains. The study then proposes a framework that could be implemented in the PDS in India using blockchain technology. Findings The proposed framework provides an effective way to combat corruption, exclusion errors of targeted beneficiaries, leakage of PDS food grains and is cost-effective. The identified enablers and disablers give an insight into the application of blockchain in PDS in India. Research limitations/implications The research work may have implications for the Ministry of Food and PDS (Central Government), Food Corporation of India and State Governments to manage the supply of the grains more efficiently and effectively. Originality/value The current study caters to the implementation of blockchain technology starting from the warehouse level to the FPSs and consumers and simultaneously connecting them to concerned authorities to ensure transparency and accountability.
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Charlebois, Sylvain, Julia Christensen Hughes und Sebastian Hielm. „Corporate philanthropy and channel impact in food security“. British Food Journal 117, Nr. 2 (02.02.2015): 861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2013-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how corporate philanthropy influences channel behaviour in the context of food security. Design/methodology/approach – The authors chose an exploratory case-study design to guide the investigation, based on Yin’s (1994) argument that case studies are the preferred strategy when “how” or “why” questions are being posed, and when the focus is on a modern phenomenon within a real-life context. A survey study was focused on formal interviews onsite where product development and marketing occurred. Findings – It is known that the concepts of power and dependency are central to channel relationships. In food distribution, it has been argued that food distributors hold more power than food processors due to end-user proximity (Ruyter et al., 1996). For corporate altruism acts to have an impact when generated by functions other than distribution and retailing, one can only argue that channel members would require a significant number of antecedents to be successful. In Campbell’s case, as shown in Table I, many became enabling to a successful outcome while others arguably made the project more challenging. Research limitations/implications – With food security, the authors would need to consider other relationships within the marketing channel. The macro-environment of the marketing channel could also be incorporated in a future study. This study also does not compare other campaigns related to a similar product. In fact, it is believed that Nourish is unique in that it is the first ready-to-eat, ready-to-ship food product which was developed with the intent to serve the greater good. Practical implications – Philanthropic acts by one company can influence other channel members when intent is driven by clear altruistic and politically strategic motives, and reflects individualistic and paternalistic attitudes. Campbell’s was paternalistic but attempted to serve many causes at once. Committing to only one cause in the future may help consolidate resources and corporate energy around one single cause. Social implications – Corporate philanthropy describes the action when a corporation voluntarily donates a portion of its resources to a societal cause. Nourish’s case is different in that it is not just a linear transactional gift between a corporation and an organization actively involved in the cause. The project relies on the active participation of other channel members, including consumers, to support the campaign led by Campbell’s. It was a form of an extendable altruistic venture which allowed all channel members to contribute to the cause. Originality/value – Food processors that want to address the issue of food security or any other societal causes, domestically or abroad, will not cease. The challenge for food processors lies in the functional nature of their role within marketing channels. Since they do not transact with consumers directly, they depend on distributors and retailers to relay their philanthropic convictions to consumers. Based on the Nourish case, this study set out a series of antecedents which would support similar initiatives.
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Angelucci, Emanuele, Nigel Burrows, Stefano Losi, Chris Bartiromo und X. Henry Hu. „Beta-Thalassemia (BT) Prevalence and Treatment Patterns in Italy: A Survey of Treating Physicians“. Blood 128, Nr. 22 (02.12.2016): 3533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3533.3533.
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Abstract Background: BT is an important public-health challenge in Italy. Seminal work has begun to better characterize disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and institutional capabilities within Italy. Objective: Evaluation of current BT prevalence and treatment in Italy was done using proprietary IMS Health hospital audit data as the basis of a targeted survey of hematologists, pediatricians, and internists treating BT. We estimated the prevalence and distribution of patients with transfusion-dependent (TD) BT major (BT-M) and intermedia (BT-I), and non-transfusion-dependent BT (NTD BT), and characterized current treatment patterns. Methods: A preliminary list of possible BT-treating centers was extracted from the IMS Health audit of hospitals and treatment centers across Italy, covering 656 public hospitals and accounting for 205,021 beds (85% of hospital capacity in Italy).The IMS Health hospital audit also included 95% of the pharmaceutical Direct Patient Distribution channel. This list was reviewed to identify centers receiving iron-chelating agents, thus identifying a total of 365 potentially BT-treating hospitals. One hematologist or pediatrician in each potential hospital ward was contacted by telephone. The physician was asked to provide details about the number of TD BT-M, TD BT-I, and NTD BT patients managed in their ward. In case of refusal to provide the required information, telephone or in-person interviews were organized with other specialists in the same facility. We identified 124 treatment centers, 114 of which were successfully surveyed (92% completed the survey). Subsequently we used a web-based questionnaire to ask a geographically stratified sample of 60 treating physicians about general treatment patterns, with a focus on potential drivers of health-care resource utilization. Responding physicians each referenced 3-4 records for patients currently under their care to inform their responses to our survey, and 205 records were referenced in total: 162 TD and 43 NTD patients. Results: In the 114 treatment centers surveyed, a total of 5,748 TD BT patients under regular treatment were reported, plus 1,296 additional patients receiving occasional treatment (NTD BT). Distribution of TD patients was heterogeneous, with the highest prevalence in Sicily, Sardinia, and Puglia. These regions each had > 500 TD patients and hosted in total 3,051 TD patients (Table). National patient volume was highly concentrated with the 7 largest centers managing 1,766 TD patients. Based on the information in 205 patient records, complete blood count, ferritin level, echocardiography, and T2*-weighted MRI were the tests most commonly performed in the preceding 12 months. Of 162 TD patient records reviewed, 83 patients required 1-2 units of red blood cells per month, while 78 patients required ≥ 3 units per month (this information was not captured in 1 patient record). Deferasirox was the most commonly administered chelation treatment in TD patients, prescribed to 109 of 162 patients. Most TD patients (n = 126) had previously had a change of iron chelation treatment; 72 of these switched from deferoxamine to another agent. In-patient hospitalizations were estimated at 9 days/year, 7 days/year, and 4 days/year for TD BT-M, TD BT-I, and NTD BT patients, respectively. Endocrine pathologies were the most commonly reported comorbidity in all groups; 36 patients required medical treatment. Hepatitis C virus infection and hepatic and cardiac complications were also reported. Conclusions: Prevalence of BT is regionally focused and likely to consume significant health-care resources for management of the disease and associated comorbidities. Although the telephone and web surveys used for our project were not designed to be a clinical trial, we were able to assess practices by a number of physicians (n = 60) for patients (n = 205) that were representative of the distribution of BT across Italy. We also screened the overall BT caseload of up to 365 potentially BT-treating centers in the country. Our survey complements recent work to understand the burden of this disease in Italy. Disclosures Angelucci: Novartis Oncology: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Burrows:Celgene Corporation: Research Funding; IMS Health s.r.l.: Employment. Losi:IMS Health: Employment; Celgene Corporation: Research Funding. Bartiromo:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Hu:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Knoche, Manfred. „The Crisis-Ridden Capitalist Mode of Production as Driving Force for Restructurations and Transformations in and of the Media Industry: Explanatory Theoretical Elements of a Critique of the Political Economy of the Media“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 17, Nr. 2 (05.11.2019): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v17i2.1137.
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The goal of this article is to explain long term restructurations and transformations of the media industry. In order to do so, the article uses theory elements of a critique of the political economy of the media. The paper is a contribution to the development of theoretical approaches that provide a theoretical analysis of the media in capitalism based on Karl Marx’s concepts. The capitalist mode of production is the primary driving force of media corporations‘ strategic action and of the media economy’s structural transformations. Factors that are of particular relevance in such structural transformations include profit orientation, capital accumulation, capitalist crises, state policies, behaviour of producers and consumers, private property, class relations, the antagonism between productive forces and relations of production, the antagonism of variable and constant capitalism, the antagonism of use-value and exchange-value, and competition.
Competition, capital’s need to survive, and capitalism’s immanent crisis potentials force corporations try to create innovations such as new digital technologies. Informatisation, which includes the use of the computer as universal machine and the Internet, is the provisionally latest stage in the development of the productive forces that has affected media technologies and the media industry. The capital-driven structural digital transformation of the media industry has resulted in the convergence of production, distribution and consumption, the creation of a variety of non-tangible digital products, digital rationalisation and automation, and the universal real subsumption of labour under capital. These developments have also created the potential potentials for overcoming the capitalist character of the media economy and advancing decommodification based on the emergence of a universal digital media system.
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Syed, Moiz Masood, Gregory M. Morrison und James Darbyshire. „Energy Allocation Strategies for Common Property Load Connected to Shared Solar and Battery Storage Systems in Strata Apartments“. Energies 13, Nr. 22 (23.11.2020): 6137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226137.
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Common property (CP) is a significant consumer of electricity in apartment buildings. Although some apartments in Australia have adopted shared microgrid configurations to offset grid consumption, the characteristics and load patterns of CP are rarely discussed due to lack of available data. As common areas normally constitute part of owner corporations, energy distribution in these premises requires attention. This paper presents empirical analysis of the CP load connected to shared solar and battery storage for three apartment complexes located in Perth Australia. Load patterns for CP over a defined dataset period were analyzed, and grid usage reduction was examined by implementing and comparing three energy allocation strategies based on surplus energy utilization. The findings indicated significant grid usage reduction for CP load in different apartments after implementation of three strategies. Instantaneous consumption decreased 72%, and surplus allocation strategy reduced 91%, while consumption-based allocation reduced 76%, of grid electricity. Moreover, consumption-based allocation offered improved cost benefits compared to the other two strategies. The results further revealed the usefulness of energy allocation and effectiveness of surplus energy utilization. Based on outcomes, the strategies provide consolidation with conventional energy trading mechanisms and broadly link to the virtual power plant concept for coordinating energy flows between multiple generators.
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Ray, Papri, R. Duraipandian, Gajjala Kiranmai, Rachana Rao und Mathew John Jose. „An Exploratory Study of Risks and Food Insecurity in the Agri Supply Chain“. Shanlax International Journal of Management 8, S1-Feb (26.02.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v8is1-feb.3752.
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Globally, the agricultural industry has increased the market for various farm products. The timely production and distribution of harvested crops and fruits are essential because of the increased demand across the globe. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, one third of the food produced for consumption is lost or wasted worldwide, amounting to approximately 1.3 billion tons per year. The productivity of the farm’s yield decreases mainly because of unstandardized processes. The employment of an optimal supply chain management scheme must be the key to the situation. This would not only promote consumer shielding; however, it will jointly help corporations sustain economic supply chains. Due to health and socio-economic consequences, the most vulnerable population groups’ food security is likely to decline further (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2020). The agriculture sector’s supply chain faces many challenges, such as inadequacy of information flow, lack of logistics efficiency, lack of infrastructure and storage facilities, lack of risk mitigation systems that are critical during unforeseen disruptions. The paper identifies various risks in the supply chain and their ability to disrupt the supply chain in terms of severity, food insecurity, and sustainability. A study has been done among a hundred stakeholders, and thirty experts from the field, and the exploratory research suggests possible approaches to these challenges using technology.
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Usman, Umaruddin, Likdanawati Likdanawati, Cut Putri Mellita Sari und Ichsan Ichsan. „INCREASING THE ADDED VALUE OF BROILERS IN LHOKSEUMAWE CITY BY DEVELOPING SUPPLY CHAIN AND FOOD BALANCE MODELS“. MORFAI JOURNAL 1, Nr. 2 (16.12.2021): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54443/morfai.v1i2.100.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the supply chain's path or flow pattern from the production source area to the consumer, as well as the parties involved, design a supply chain model, and build a food balance to determine whether there was a surplus or deficit of broiler meat in Lhokseumawe City. Furthermore, utilizing the Hayami technique, this study assesses the added value and profit for traders selling chicken meat. Documents, questionnaires, and interviews with retailers were used to collect data. The findings revealed that retailers controlled or monopolized the supply chain of broiler meat distribution, while producers were accomplices of several large corporations that controlled or monopolized the commodity of broiled chicken in Aceh Province. North Aceh Regency, Pidie Jaya Regency, and Pidie Regency are all sources of commodities coming from outside of Lhokseumawe City. To solve the problem of broiler meat supply, all competent parties, including the government, the commercial sector, relevant agencies/institutions, researchers, academics, scientists, and specialists, must work together to build a design model for the purebred broiler meat supply chain. Most actors cooperate and support one another to gain additional value and profit. Meanwhile, to make up for the losses, a few dealers sell other poultry products including free-range chicken and duck, as well as collect waste from the birds.
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VA, R. HARITHA. „A Study of Financial Planning and Forecasting With Reference to Indian Oil Corporation Limited“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, Nr. 04 (22.04.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31376.
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Financial planning is a ceaseless procedure of guiding and designating financial assets to meet strategic goals and targets. The yield from financial planning appears as budgets. The most generally utilized type of budgets is Pro Forma or Budgeted Financial Statements. The establishment for Budgeted Financial Statements is Detail Budgets. Detail Budgets incorporate sales conjectures, production figures, and different gauges in help of the Financial Plan. On the whole, these budgets are alluded to as the Master Budget. We can likewise separate financial planning into planning for tasks and planning for financing. Working individuals centre around sales and production while financial planners are keen on the best way to back the tasks. In this manner, we can have an Operating Plan and a Financial Plan. Be that as it may, to keep things basic and to ensure we incorporate the procedure completely, we will consider financial planning as one single procedure that includes the two tasks and financing. Financial Planning begins at the highest point of the organization with strategic planning. Since strategic choices have financial ramifications, you should begin your planning procedure inside the strategic planning process. Inability to interface and associate planning with strategic planning can result in budgets that are "dead on landing." Strategic planning is a formal procedure for setting up goals and targets as time goes on. Strategic planning includes building up a statement of purpose that catches why the organization exists and plans for how the organization will flourish later on. Strategic targets and relating goals are created dependent on an exhaustive evaluation of the organization and the outer condition. At last, strategic plans are executed by building up an Operating or Action Plan. Inside this Operating Plan, we will incorporate a total arrangement of financial plans or budgets. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL), also known as Indian Oil, is an Indian government-owned oil and gas explorer and producer, a significant player in the country's energy sector. Headquartered in New Delhi, it is the largest commercial oil company in the country, with a significant presence across the value chain of the petroleum industry, including refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products. IOCL's Chennai operations are a vital part of its extensive network, contributing significantly to its overall performance. IOCL's operations in Chennai also include a sprawling network of pipelines. These pipelines are crucial for the efficient transportation of crude oil to the refinery and the distribution of refined petroleum products to different parts of the region. This network ensures a consistent and reliable supply of fuel, which is vital for the economic development of the area. The retail network of IOCL in Chennai and the surrounding region is extensive, with numerous petrol and diesel stations. These retail outlets not only provide fuel but also offer a range of services and products to consumers. IOCL's focus on customer satisfaction and service quality has made it a preferred brand among consumers. Moreover, IOCL has been at the forefront of adopting innovative technologies and sustainable practices in its operations. The company has undertaken several initiatives in the areas of energy conservation, emission reduction, and waste management to minimize its environmental footprint. These efforts underscore IOCL's commitment to environmental sustainability and its role in promoting green energy alternatives. Indian Oil Corporation Limited's Chennai operations are integral to its strategic objectives and overall success. Through its refinery, pipeline network, and retail outlets, IOCL not only contributes significantly to India's energy security but also plays a pivotal role in the economic development of the region. With a focus on innovation, sustainability, and customer satisfaction, IOCL is poised to continue its leadership role in the Indian petroleum industry. I have chosen Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) for a project offers a unique opportunity to engage with one of India's leading public sector enterprises, playing a pivotal role in the country's energy sector. IOCL's diverse operations, spanning across refining, pipeline transportation, and marketing of petroleum products, provide a rich learning ground for interns. The exposure to a vast spectrum of operations allows for an in-depth understanding of the energy industry's complexities, offering invaluable insights into both the technical and business aspects of the field. The mentorship and training provided by industry veterans at IOCL are unparalleled, equipping interns with the skills and knowledge necessary to thrive in their future careers. Additionally, the organization's emphasis on corporate social responsibility and community engagement initiatives offers a broader perspective on the impact of business operations on society and the environment. In IOCL is not just a step in one's career journey but a leap into a world of opportunities for growth, learning, and making a meaningful contribution.
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Hadimulya, Tantra, Efridani Lubis und Muhammad Fahruddin. „PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGEDARAN OBAT-OBATAN YANG TIDAK MEMILIKI IZIN EDAR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19“. Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie 2, Nr. 1 (03.02.2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v2i1.18.
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Lina Marlena, 1220160040, Law Enforcement Against Circulation Of Drugs That Do Not Have ACirculation Permit During The Covid 19 Pandemic. Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Assyafi’iyah, 2020. The purpose of this study is to determine law enforcement efforts without adistribution permit during the Covid 19 pandemic. This research uses a juridical-empirical researchmethod, a problem approach based on applicable laws and regulations, then touches on legalprinciples and facts of events. that happens on the field. The results of the study can be concludedthat someone can be said to have carried out the act of circulating illegal drugs if they violate articles196-197 of Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health. Meanwhile, corporations that carry out illegal drug distribution are charged under Article 201 of the Health Law and also for law enforcement, forperpetrators who have circulated illegal drugs, there are several sanctions, namely for criminal sanctions the perpetrator can be subjected to articles in accordance with the health law. , and forcivil sanctions the perpetrator is responsible for providing compensation for damages or losses to consumers as a result of consuming goods, and finally administrative sanctions in the form of verbal warnings, revocation of business licenses, and imposition of disciplinary penalties based onprevailing laws and regulations.
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Calero Olmos, Juan Bautista. „La protección europea contra las cláusulas abusivas. Directiva 93/13/CEE y su integración en el marco regulatorio español | European protection against unfair clauses. Directive 93/13/EEC and its integration into the spanish legislation.“ REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES 7, Nr. 12 (20.07.2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.7.n.12.2020.27334.
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El desarrollo económico global de los años sesenta del siglo pasado, junto con la implantación del mercado común europeo, trajo consigo el incremento de transacciones comerciales entre grandes corporaciones empresariales y los ciudadanos residentes en la Unión europea provocadas por la distribución de bienes y servicios necesarios. Las formas contractuales cambian, y se imponen los contratos de adhesión como la mejor manera de concretar estas nuevas transacciones. La posición predominante del empresario ante el consumidor necesitado de estos bienes y servicios provocó situaciones de abuso que fueron trasladadas a las cláusulas contractuales mermando los derechos básicos de los perceptores de bienes y servicios, esto es, de los ciudadanos europeos. La reacción de las instituciones de gobierno de la Unión Europea no se hizo esperar con la promulgación de resoluciones legales a favor de recomponer el desequilibrio contractual, entre otras, la Directiva 93/13/CEE de obligada incorporación inmediata en los países miembros. En España, esta trasposición de la Directiva se realizó con una doble regulación a través de la Ley de Condiciones Generales de la Contratación que modificó, a su vez la Ley General de defensa de los consumidores. En ambas, se contemplaron instrumentos de defensa procesal a través tanto de acciones individuales como colectivas._______________________The overall economic development of the sixties of the last century, together with the implementation of the European common market, led to the increase in commercial transactions between large business corporations and citizens residing in the European Union caused by the distribution of necessary goods and services. Contractual forms change, and accession contracts are imposed as the best way to implement these new transactions. The predominant position of the employer to the consumer in need of these goods and services caused situations of abuse that were transferred to the contractual clauses, under reducing the basic rights of the recipients of goods and services, that is, of European citizens. The reaction of the governing institutions of the European Union was not expected with the enactment of legal rulings in favour of recomposing the contractual imbalance, inter alia, Directive 93/13/EEC which must be immediately incorporated into the Member States. In Spain, this transposition of the Directive was carried out with a double regulation through the Law on General Conditions of Contract that, in turn, amended the General Law on the Defense of Consumers. Both instruments of procedural defence were envisaged through both individual and collective actions.
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Andreatta, Susan. „Transfomation of the Agro-food Sector: Lessons from the Caribbean“. Human Organization 57, Nr. 4 (01.12.1998): 414–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.57.4.003561g436864252.
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As we approach the twenty-first century, concepts of "health food and "healthy food" remain paramount in American culture. Yet, what lessons have we learned? Transformation of the agro-food sector serves to demonstrate that we as consumers and social scientists need to expand our understanding of "health food" or "healthy food" to include production practices, local knowledge and technology, the political and economic milieu in which production and distribution are sustained, as well as their impact on humans and the biophysical environment. This article examines transformation of the agro-food sector in the Caribbean and its connections to the European Union and the United States markets from this perspective. In addition, this article examines the transformation of longstanding cash crops, such as sugar cane and bananas, to other food commodities. Political ecology is used to examine the agro-food sector to understand more clearly the relationship among food producers, local governments, transnational corporations, international policy makers and regional and extra-regional markets vis-à-vis the linkages they maintain. Specific attention is given to the Windward Islands where the increase in cultivated acreage and the associated loss of vegetative cover is futhering a downward spiral of environmental degradation. In the past not only has the natural environment suffered, local human populations have paid the price physically and economically.
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Lolli, Dario. „‘The fate of Shenmue is in your hands now!’: Kickstarter, video games and the financialization of crowdfunding“. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 25, Nr. 5-6 (13.06.2018): 985–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856518780478.
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In July 2015, a crowdfunding campaign launched to revive the notoriously unprofitable video game series Shenmue closed with the record figure of above US$6 million, to date the highest amount ever raised on Kickstarter for video game funding. This article takes this campaign as an endemic case study of the changing funding mechanisms concerning video game production in the digital ecosystem of Web 2.0. Although the campaign displays some of the participatory elements often attributed to crowdfunding and digital convergence, it also sheds doubts on accountability and the effective capacity of crowdfunding to substantially challenge and de-hierarchize power relations in the video game industry. In particular, the Shenmue III campaign illustrates how the crowdfunding initiative was instrumentally mobilized by its organizers to attract further corporate sponsorships and stakeholders outside crowdfunding. This controversial episode shows how commercial platforms like Kickstarter are increasingly facilitating a process of financialization of crowdfunding, whose main effect is not so much the equal coming together of media consumers and producers as the minimization of risks for large video game corporations. By mapping the history of the Shenmue franchise from its original failure in the era of physical distribution to its recent crowdfunded success, this article argues that the empowering potentials of crowdfunding cannot be readily assumed without a contingent analysis of the cultural and political economy underlying Web 2.0 and its digital platforms.
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Ogunmola, Omotoso Oluseye, Abiodun Elijah Obayelu und Sakiru Oladele Akinbode. „Volatility and Co‑movement: an Analysis of Food Commodity Prices in Nigeria“. Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 50, Nr. 3 (26.09.2017): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ats-2017-0014.
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AbstractThis study explains volatility as a measure and interaction of the possible movement in a particular economic variable. Prices change rapidly in adjustment to market circumstances. Food prices hike experienced overyears has resulted in widespread menace which led to increase in food price volatility. However, volatility and co-movement had generally been lower for the past two decades than for the previous ones. Wide price movements over a short period of time connote high volatility, rendering the producers and consumers vulnerable. Excess volatility can be subjected to sector ineffectiveness and is commodity specific. Producers and processors are mostly concerned about increased price volatility, which greatly exposed them to unpredictable risks and uncertainty associated with price changes. This study examined the volatility and co-movement of food commodity prices in Nigeria using price series data on rice, maize, sorghum, cassava and yam for the period of 1966 to 2013. The data were analysed using Vector Autoregressive Model to forecast food price volatility and to examine the food commodity prices that Granger cause food price volatility in other food commodities. The GARCH regression model is used to estimate the magnitude of volatility which revealed that, food commodity prices exhibit high volatility and there is persistent increase in prices over the period of study. The Nigerian food commodity prices have experienced high fluctuations over the period; therefore, the study recommends proper storage facilities and infrastructure for the food distribution corporations in Nigeria.
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Khaw, Kay-Tee, Stephen J. Sharp, Leila Finikarides, Islam Afzal, Marleen Lentjes, Robert Luben und Nita G. Forouhi. „Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women“. BMJ Open 8, Nr. 3 (März 2018): e020167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020167.
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IntroductionHigh dietary saturated fat intake is associated with higher blood concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), an established risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, there is increasing interest in whether various dietary oils or fats with different fatty acid profiles such as extra virgin coconut oil may have different metabolic effects but trials have reported inconsistent results. We aimed to compare changes in blood lipid profile, weight, fat distribution and metabolic markers after four weeks consumption of 50 g daily of one of three different dietary fats, extra virgin coconut oil, butter or extra virgin olive oil, in healthy men and women in the general population.DesignRandomised clinical trial conducted over June and July 2017.SettingGeneral community in Cambridgeshire, UK.ParticipantsVolunteer adults were recruited by the British Broadcasting Corporation through their websites. Eligibility criteria were men and women aged 50–75 years, with no known history of cancer, cardiovascular disease or diabetes, not on lipid lowering medication, no contraindications to a high-fat diet and willingness to be randomised to consume one of the three dietary fats for 4 weeks. Of 160 individuals initially expressing an interest and assessed for eligibility, 96 were randomised to one of three interventions; 2 individuals subsequently withdrew and 94 men and women attended a baseline assessment. Their mean age was 60 years, 67% were women and 98% were European Caucasian. Of these, 91 men and women attended a follow-up assessment 4 weeks later.InterventionParticipants were randomised to extra virgin coconut oil, extra virgin olive oil or unsalted butter and asked to consume 50 g daily of one of these fats for 4 weeks, which they could incorporate into their usual diet or consume as a supplement.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was change in serum LDL-C; secondary outcomes were change in total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC and HDL-C), TC/HDL-C ratio and non-HDL-C; change in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, per cent body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and C reactive protein.ResultsLDL-C concentrations were significantly increased on butter compared with coconut oil (+0.42, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.65 mmol/L, P<0.0001) and with olive oil (+0.38, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.60 mmol/L, P<0.0001), with no differences in change of LDL-C in coconut oil compared with olive oil (−0.04, 95% CI −0.27 to 0.19 mmol/L, P=0.74). Coconut oil significantly increased HDL-C compared with butter (+0.18, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.30 mmol/L) or olive oil (+0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.28 mmol/L). Butter significantly increased TC/HDL-C ratio and non-HDL-C compared with coconut oil but coconut oil did not significantly differ from olive oil for TC/HDL-C and non-HDL-C. There were no significant differences in changes in weight, BMI, central adiposity, fasting blood glucose, systolic or diastolic blood pressure among any of the three intervention groups.Conclusions and relevanceTwo different dietary fats (butter and coconut oil) which are predominantly saturated fats, appear to have different effects on blood lipids compared with olive oil, a predominantly monounsaturated fat with coconut oil more comparable to olive oil with respect to LDL-C. The effects of different dietary fats on lipid profiles, metabolic markers and health outcomes may vary not just according to the general classification of their main component fatty acids as saturated or unsaturated but possibly according to different profiles in individual fatty acids, processing methods as well as the foods in which they are consumed or dietary patterns. These findings do not alter current dietary recommendations to reduce saturated fat intake in general but highlight the need for further elucidation of the more nuanced relationships between different dietary fats and health.Trial registration numberNCT03105947; Results.
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Segrelles, José Antonio. „Una Reflexión Sobre la Insostenibilidad de las Actividades Turísticas en el Medio Rural y Natural. Los Casos Del Ecoturismo y de la Ecología Profunda∗“. Human Geography 2, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277860900200109.
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Reflections on the Unsustainability of Touristic Activities in Rural and Natural Spaces: The Cases of Ecotourism and Deep Ecology Even when practiced under new, and allegedly sustainable modalities (as with the case of Ecotourism), touristic activities in the rural and natural spaces of developing countries always suppose the introduction of capitalistic socio-economic relationships, and never the overcoming of these countries’ poverty or the abandonment of their traditional dependency on the dominant countries. Currently, capitalism follows two basic strategic lines with regard to the touristic exploitation of natural resources in developing countries, according to whether, or not, it includes the participation of the peasantry. In the first of these cases, termed Ecotourism, the peasants are driven from their land, but included in a shared management of the landscape's resources. The second is based on the theory of conservationism and on the concept of deep ecology (landscapes without human beings) and consists of the control of the natural areas by capital, without the intervention of peasants, or even of human beings at all. Recently, the ideology of sustainable development, applied to tourism and other economic activities, has been widely promoted by the mass media. Indeed, it can be said that most people easily assume that ecotourism is a beneficial activity that can help local economies in impoverished countries overcome underdevelopment. In ecotourist projects, nature is exploited, sold and consumed, as part of the usual practice for competitive market economies which have, as a fundamental feature, the mistaking of price for value. In this kind of project, it is pretended that certain environments (forests, lakes, beaches, mountains) or their fauna and flora are protected, but in practice these are merely preserved for the rich. Hence, it becomes normal to pay, and pay high prices, for the right to enjoy preserved nature. Through ecotourism, nature becomes a consumer good. Places of leisure are sold and consumed as exchange values, as with other merchandise. The true emancipation of the peasantry, and of the indigenous peoples of these areas of the developing countries does not lie in ecotourism. Instead, it lies in struggles for the land and its fair distribution. There also exist projects which do not include the presence of peasants or any other local people. In these, capital fosters deep ecology and conservationism to control and exploit the resources of natural areas without human intervention. A vision of the human being as necessarily destructive of nature is the ideological foundation of such projects. The environmental services industry generates millions of dollars around the world. Economic, strategic and geopolitical interests linked to this activity proliferate. The major beneficiaries are the big international banks and the most powerful transnational corporations of this sector. Be it conventional, or allegedly sustainable, tourism will never bring modernization to the dependent countries. The origin of the problems and oppression of the peasantry lie in an unjust distribution of landed property. As long as authentic agrarian reform is avoided, peasants in the peripheral countries will continue to be impoverished. Tourism provides capital and states with arguments that hide the true and essential problems of rural areas. Emphasizing the necessity to diversify rural economies by means of the introduction of touristic activities, capital and the state hide the true and essential problems of rural areas. Tourism, be it conventional or not, will never bring modernization to the dependent countries. The origin of the problems and oppression of the peasantry lie in an unjust distribution of landed property. As long as authentic agrarian reform is avoided, peasants in the peripheral countries will continue to be impoverished. RESUMEN Las actividades turísticas que se desarrollan en los espacios rurales y naturales de los países subdesarrollados, aunque se realicen bajo cualquier modalidad de nuevo cuño y supuestamente sustentable (como es el caso del ecoturismo), siempre suponen la introducción de unas relaciones socioeconómicas típicamente capitalistas y nunca la superación de su empobrecimiento crónico o el abandono de su tradicional dependencia respecto a los países dominantes. El capitalismo actual sigue dos líneas estratégicas básicas en la explotación turística de los recursos naturales de los países periféricos según se incluya o no al campesinado. En el primer caso se trata de un corporativismo estatal en el que el campesinado es desarraigado de la tierra para ser incluido en una gestión compartida de los recursos del entorno mediante la implantación del ecoturismo. Por otro lado, existen proyectos turísticos en los que no se considera la presencia campesina, ni siquiera humana, y donde los agentes del capital impulsan el desarrollo de la teoría del conservacionismo y la ecología profunda (paisajes sin seres humanos) para penetrar en ellos y controlar y explotar sus recursos. La ideología del desarrollo sostenible aplicada tanto al turismo como a otras manifestaciones económicas ha sido muy difundida por los medios de comunicación de masas y se encuentra ya tan arraigada que hasta el más común de los ciudadanos puede afirmar sin más disquisiciones que hoy en día el ecoturismo es una actividad beneficiosa capaz de sacar del subdesarrollo a muchas economías locales de los países empobrecidos. En muchos proyectos de ecoturismo la naturaleza es explotada, vendida y consumida. Es decir, lo normal en una economía de mercado competitiva en la que su razón de ser es confundir valor con precio. Este tipo de proyectos pretenden en teoría la preservación de ciertos parajes (bosques, selvas, lagos, playas, montañas) o de las especies animales y vegetales del lugar, pero en la práctica lo que hacen es reservarlos para los más ricos. Entonces parecerá natural pagar, y pagar caro, por el derecho a disfrutar de una naturaleza preservada. Con el ecoturismo, la naturaleza se convierte en muy poco tiempo en un bien de consumo, ya que el modo de producción imperante encuentra en los espacios naturales la posibilidad de explotarlos para el disfrute y recreo de los que pueden pagarlos. Así, produce lugares de ocio, los vende y consume como valores de cambio, como si fueran una mercancía más. La verdadera emancipación del campesinado y de los indígenas de varias zonas de los países subdesarrollados no pasa por la implantación de un ecoturismo que se basa en su articulación corporativa con el Estado capitalista, sino en la lucha por la tierra y el reparto justo de la misma. También existen proyectos turísticos en los que no se considera la presencia campesina, ni de ninguna población local, y donde los agentes del capital impulsan la ecología profunda y el conservacionismo, es decir, áreas naturales sin seres humanos en las que instalarse para controlar y explotar sus recursos. La ideología que subyace en este modelo se basa en la visión de los seres humanos como entes necesariamente destructores de la naturaleza. El negocio de los servicios ambientales genera millones de dólares de ganancias en todo el planeta, lo que significa que existe una proliferación inusitada de intereses económicos, estratégicos y geopolíticos ligados a él, cuyos beneficiarios son la gran banca internacional, las corporaciones transnacionales más pujantes del sector y los países centrales. La modernización de los países dependientes nunca vendrá de la mano del turismo, sea convencional o supuestamente sostenible, pues el origen del problema campesino y de su opresión radica en la injusta distribución de la propiedad de la tierra. Mientras no se produzca una auténtica reforma agraria, el campesinado de los países periféricos seguirá empobreciéndose sin remisión y prestando argumentos a los agentes del capital y a los propios estados para que enmascaren los verdaderos y esenciales problemas y esgriman la necesidad de diversificar la economía rural mediante el desarrollo del turismo.
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Matiichuk, Liubomyr P. „Features of the Security System of the Gas Market in Ukraine“. PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 2, Nr. 52 (2022): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2022-2-58-65.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The ways of implementing the main principles of functioning of the gas market in Ukraine according to the European scenario are outlined. It was determined that Ukraine currently applies such cooperation systems with the European Association of Gas Transmission System Operators EU – ENTSO-G and the European Association of Electric Network Operators EU – ENTSO-S. The challenges facing the gas industry have been clarified, including: gas distribution and gas supply companies have mainly carried out a formal separation of spheres of activity, remaining in fact the property of the same shareholders and vertically integrated enterprises; preferential pricing of natural gas for specific categories of consumers (population, heat supply companies, religious organizations) in combination with a special regime of guaranteed supply creates prerequisites for the accumulation of debts and manipulations at the level of gas distribution and gas supply companies; incompleteness of the process of establishing gas accounting systems and the existence of normative consumption volumes leaves opportunities for manipulations, abuses and debt formation between market participants, primarily gas distribution companies to the operator; instability in the natural gas market is one of the reasons that stand in the way of increasing domestic production and, accordingly, reducing dependence on imports; there is a constant threat of termination of the transit of Russian gas through the territory of Ukraine after the expiration of the current contracts between the Russian Gazprom and Naftogaz of Ukraine, which will bring significant changes to the operation of the gas transportation system. The structure of the gas sector, which covers the management of the corporation Naftogaz of Ukraine, is structurally connected with the state gas production company JSC "Ukrgazvydobuvannya" and the operator of gas storage facilities is studied. Several criteria have been allocated that will contribute to ensuring the appropriate level of security of the natural gas market in Ukraine, among which we can highlight the following: the low purchasing power of consumers. Several crises have been noted, consistently accompanied by the growth rates of prices and tariffs for energy resources. The direction of increasing own production of natural gas in Ukraine is provided for in the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030. The basis in this direction should be an exploration for finding and extracting shale gas deposits. It should be noted that the oil and gas mining industry is characterized by several differences, primarily in the analysis and evaluation of the efficiency of investment projects. The use of the systematicity of energy security criteria of the oil and gas segment will provide an opportunity for the subjects of these market structures to dynamize the relevant components to obtain an energy effect, with the subsequent activation of mechanisms for adapting the entire system to new operating conditions. In summary, it should be noted that a system is understood as a certain number of interconnected elements that interact with each other and form the integrity and expediency of their existence in terms of synergy. The application of systematicity allows solving the long-term strategy and sustainability of energy security with the possibility of consistency of goals, balanced energy policy, and institutional transformation of the system. The synergy of the system will take place under the condition of adequate assessment of the main components for their functional purpose. The use of the systematicity method involves a description of possible changes in the structure of the energy sector system of Ukraine, namely: a gradual change in the ownership of energy sector assets, an increase in the share of the private sector in the functioning of the country's energy sector.