Dissertationen zum Thema „Construction kits“

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Leaf [90] incorrectly numbered "2".
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-[90]).
by Alice (Yu) Yang.
M.Eng.

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76).
by Edwin W. Foo.
M.Eng.

The challenges faced by mathematics education reflect the more immense difficulties of the schooling system as a whole. This thesis investigates such challenges in the light of an ethical learning foundation and aims for a transformation through the use of technologies as learning tools.  Interaction design methods are used to craft constructivist learning kits that aim to move mathematics students from passive receivers of knowledge to active learners. The proposed tools modify new technologies by adapting them to teachers’ and learners’ needs to be best suited for mathematics classroom adoption. Additionally, social, political, and economic issues that may hinder the adoption of constructivist learning are presented and critically discussed.  Finally, this thesis paves the way for future designers who aim to design mathematics educational kits by providing a design framework based on the learning theory and the design process presented in this thesis.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Purpose and meaning of the physical world can be re-assigned and re-made by individuals as they go rather than being pre-fixed by people who came before them. But this mindset is more rare than it should be if we want an empowered population full of creative powerful beings. So can we make special tools that by design help people to put into practice the mindset and actionable behavior that: The World is a Construction Kit? We can, and in fact people have already done so with some existing tools which I will present. Then, I will present several new digital construction kits with a focus on two, Drawdio and Makey Makey, that are designed to focus attention on the world as the construction kit. Rather than combining kit-parts that come in a box, participants take pieces of the world they live in and re-purpose and re-combine these everyday objects from their life. I formalize this type of construction kit, explaining how it takes the constructive aspect of a traditional wooden block, and the world-transforming multiplicative aspect of the traditional looking glass lens, to make a block-and-lens-in-one, which I call a Constructive Lens. I consider traditional construction kits like LEGO, or kits that aren't necessarily thought of as "construction kits" per se, like Painting Kits: Brush/Paint/Canvas, and show how to transform these traditional construction kits, which offer their own pre-fixed components, to the realm where the world, that is the everyday objects in one's life, is instead acting as the components of the kit. The ultimate goal of the thesis is to show how we can we make tools and activities, "Constructive Lenses," that, by design, catalyze: re-seeing (lens) the everyday world as something we can re-make (block) The thesis approaches this goal through a rich narrative with thick description of design studies and case studies, intended to experientially model the process of motivating, making, and deploying Constructive Lenses to hundreds of thousands of people.
by Jay Silver.
Ph. D.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89).
As technology moves forward, electronics have enmeshed with every aspect of daily life. Some pioneers have also embraced electronics as a means of expression and exploration, creating the fields of wearable computing and electronic textiles. While wearable computing and electronic textiles seem superficially connected as fields of investigation, in fact they are currently widely separated. However, as the field of electronic textiles grows and matures, it has become apparent that better tools and techniques are necessary in order for artists and designers interested in using electronic textiles as a means of expression and function to be able to use the full capabilities of the available technology. It remains generally outside the reach of the average designer or artist to create e-textile experiences, thus preventing them from appropriating the technology, and in turn allowing the general public to accept and exploit the technology. There is clearly a need to facilitate this cross-pollination between the technical and design domains both in order to foster greater creativity and depth in the field of electronic textiles, and in order to bring greater social acceptability to wearable computing.
(cont.) This thesis introduces behavioral textiles, the intersection of wearable computing and electronic textiles that brings the interactive capability of wearable electronics to electronic textiles. As a means of harnessing this capability, the thesis also presents subTextile, a powerful and novel visual programming language and development. Design guidelines for hardware that can be used with the development environment to create complete behavioral textile systems are also presented. Using a rich, goal-oriented interface, subTextile makes it possible for novices to explore electronic textiles without concern for technical details. This thesis presents the design considerations and motivations that drove the creation of subTextile. Also presented are the result of a preliminary evaluation of the language, done with a sample chosen to represent users with varying capabilities in both the technical and design domains.
by Sajid H. Sadi.
S.M.

For over one hundred years the drum kit has been a driving force in shaping popular music, yet in popular culture the kit is not taken as seriously as other instruments, with drummer jokes abound. This hierarchy is reflected across academia and music literature, where the drum kit is least discussed amongst other instruments commonly found in popular music. Looking within the context of early jazz—one of the first styles of music the drum kit helped shape—historians and publishers were keen to ensure leading horn players told their story, while the drummers, who rarely secured similar levels of fame or recognition, had comparatively little chance to record their story. Detailed histories of the instrument are therefore scarce, incomplete, or riddled with inaccuracies and misunderstandings. This thesis presents a clear and detailed history of the instrument, from its beginnings to its early form in the mid 1930s. I then examine how the early drum kit was represented at the time through recordings, one of the most important methods of documenting how this instrument was used. Finally, I investigate how drummers performing on early drum kits today approach their playing, and how they deal with the problems identified in this thesis. In doing so I used optical character recognition (OCR) on digital archives, newspapers, interviews, magazines, catalogues and photographs from the early twentieth century, much of which has only become available in the past few years. Using these primary sources, I have constructed a reliable history and have unearthed new sources that shed light on the history and development of the instrument. Furthermore, through my own experiences and interviews of current early drum kit players, I have shown how this instrument in its early form is played, and how it differs from the instrument we know today.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68).
This thesis documents the adaptation and extension of an existing computational construction kit, and its use by a community of learners previously unaddressed - blind and visually impaired children. This community has an intimate relationship with the digital and assistive technologies that they rely on for carrying out their everyday tasks, but have no tools for designing and creating their own devices. Using a computational construction kit, created around the latest Programmable Brick (the Cricket), children can write programs to interact with the world around them using sensors, speech synthesis, and numerous other actuators. The Cricket system was extended with a number of specific modules, and redesigned to better suit touch and sound-based interaction patterns. This thesis documents an initial technology implementation and presents case studies of activities carried out with a small group of visually impaired teenagers. These case studies serve to highlight specific domains of knowledge that were discovered to be especially relevant for this community. Much of this work impacts approaches, technologies, and activities for sighted users of the Programmable Brick.
by Rahul Bhargava.
S.M.

In this thesis, a construction kit for the implementation of neuronal networks on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is presented. The utility of this technology for the implementation of neuronal networks becomes apparent when we show that is possible to perform hyper-real time operation, a feature which allows neuronal networks designers to analyse in great detail the dynamics of their networks through the means of a comprehensive behavioural analysis. Additionally, the construction kit presented here is used to implement a biologically inspired version of the mammalian olfactory bulb based on previous work by T. C. Pearce et al. (2005). The results we obtain show that tasks such as identification, classification and segmentation of odours are successfully performed by the olfactory bulb model. We illustrate the practical utility of the model by including experiments using real odour information. Finally, a comprehensive behavioural analysis is performed by means of a massive exploration of the characteristics of the response of the model as it was subjected to different conditions of certain parameters. Results show that as the stimulating input approaches the trained input (target odour), the response tends to reach an attractor. This comprehensive analysis, made it possible to observe the effects of the training on the model response.

DNA profiling is routinely used in the forensic setting to identify individuals during criminal and medico-legal investigations. Its principle is based on the molecular analysis of DNA to produce a string of alpha-numeric characters which can be matched to a known reference sample. The use of allele frequencies from the background population aids the statistical interpretation of a match and can be used to calculate the random match probability. In South Africa, allele frequency data for the background population is currently limited, which can hinder the discriminatory value of DNA evidence, particularly when only a partial profile is obtained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to generate DNA allele frequency data for four South African population groups using the QIAGEN Investigator® 24PLEX GO! Kit, which has six markers for which data does not yet exist for the South African population. Full forensic DNA profiles were generated from 655 unrelated individuals from four population groups in South Africa: Black African (n = 172), Coloured (n = 195), Indian/Asian (n = 88) and White (n = 200). A 98% first time success rate was observed using the direct PCR approach. Allele frequencies were significantly different between all four population groups at three markers (D8S1179, D2S1338 and D2S441) after a Bonferroni correction (ρ < 0.001) and sixteen novel alleles were observed. Two genetic anomalies were observed, namely triallelic patterns at the TPOX marker (n = 9) and a null allele at amelogenin (n = 1). While the sample size for the Indian/Asian population group was limited in this study, the data generated here nevertheless prospects to contribute towards the data currently published for South Africa. This, in turn, will allow for more DNA markers to be analysed during forensic casework in South Africa, as the data for its statistical interpretation is now available.

Cette thèse retrace les trajectoires des politiques de régionalisation et de décentralisation au Chili ainsi que celles de leurs promoteurs/médiateurs. Ce faisant, elle montre que ces acteurs, constituant une " communauté réformatrice ", agissent en réseau. Cette communauté devra non seulement imprégner l'administration pour agir sur elle mais elle devra aussi s'adapter et ajuster ses idées, révélant ainsi la fragilité d'un certain nombre de mécanismes institutionnels tant au niveau national qu'international, en particulier ceux relatifs à la coopération

Cette thèse retrace les trajectoires des politiques de régionalisation et de décentralisation au Chili ainsi que celles de leurs promoteurs/médiateurs. Ce faisant, elle montre que ces acteurs, constituant une « communauté réformatrice », agissent en réseau. Cette communauté devra non seulement imprégner l’administration pour agir sur elle mais elle devra aussi s’adapter et ajuster ses idées, révélant ainsi la fragilité d’un certain nombre de mécanismes institutionnels tant au niveau national qu’international, en particulier ceux relatifs à la coopération
This thesis follows the itineraries taken by regionalization and decentralization policies in Chile as well as those of their advocates and/or brokers.In doing so, it will be shown that those involved, making up a community for reform, form a network. This community was not only to permeate the administration in order to act upon it, but also to adapt and adjust its ideas, thus bringing to the fore the frailty of a certain number of institutional mechanisms as much at national as at international level, in particular those relative to cooperation

Suchmaschinen bieten Zugang zu großen Datenmengen und viele Möglichkeiten, die Nutzeranfragen zu interpretieren und mit Korrekturen oder Empfehlungen zu unterstützen. Neben diesen technologischen Vorteilen, hat sich am Suchparadigma selbst in den letzten Jahren nicht viel geändert. Die meisten Suchinterfaces bestehen auch heute noch aus den typischen Eingabemasken und linearen Ergebnislisten. Jedoch ist es besonders für Nutzer mit wenig Erfahrung in der aktuellen Suchdomäne oder mit einem sehr unscharfen Informationsbedürfnis schwierig, ihre vagen Vorstellungen in eine spezifische Suchanfrage zu transformieren. Die herkömmlichen eindimensionalen Ergebnislisten bieten oft nur eine einfache Sortierfunktion. Verschiedene Techniken der Informationsvisualisierung bieten jedoch weitaus mehr Möglichkeiten, um multidimensionale Datensätze zu visualisieren und vergleichbar zu machen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den Suchprozess am Beispiel der Produktsuche aus der Nutzerperspektive zu analysieren und Anforderungen zu formulieren, welche verschiedene Strategien und Phasen der Suche unterstützen. Die Anwendungsfälle stützen sich dabei vor allem auf komplexere Suchaufgaben mit einem vagen Informationsbedürfnis wie der Planung eines Urlaubs oder dem Finden einer passenden Finanzierungsmöglichkeit. Weiterhin werden verschiedene Techniken der Informationsvisualisierung untersucht, um sowohl die visuelle Exploration und Analyse der multidimensionalen Datenmengen als auch eine schnelle Interpretation und den Vergleich der gefundenen Suchergebnisse zu ermöglichen. Die Betrachtung verschiedener verwandter Arbeiten aus dem kommerziellen und akademischen Bereich führen zu fünf verschiedenen Suchmusterkategorien, die in explorativen Suchszenarien miteinander kombiniert werden können, um den Suchraum einzugrenzen oder aufzufächern. Unter Berücksichtigung der Suchmusterkategorien der schlagwortbasierten Suche, der Ähnlichkeitssuche, der Facettennavigation, der empfehlungsbasierten Suche und des Browsing in strukturierten Inhalten werden verschiedene Lösungsansätze entwickelt, welche die Exploration unterschiedlicher Produktdatenmengen ermöglichen. Basierend auf diesen Fallbeispielen wird ein Baukasten für visuelle Suchinterfaces vorgeschlagen, der vorwärtsgerichtet oder rückwärtsgerichtet im Sinne des Reverse-Engineering angewandt werden kann. Die Bausteine geben einen Gestaltungsraum vor, der den Designer vor allem in der Konzeptionsphase unterstützt. Durch die Kombination verschiedener Bausteine werden der Entwurf neuer Interfacekonzepte und deren Variation ermöglicht. Weiterhin können erprobte Lösungen in Entwurfsmuster überführt werden, welche die Wiederverwendung in ähnlichen Problemkontexten erlauben. Durch das Reverse-Engineering können bekannte Interfaces in einzelne Bestandteile zerlegt und innere Strukturen sowie Zusammenhänge analysiert werden.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Problemdarstellung und Zielsetzung 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Interdisziplinäre Grundlagenbetrachtung 2.1 Informationssuche 2.1.1 Informationsbedürfnis 2.1.2 Modelle der Informationssuche 2.1.3 Suchstrategien 2.2 Informationsvisualisierung 2.2.1 Visualisierungsprozess 2.2.2 Datenstrukturen 2.2.3 Visuelle Strukturen 2.2.4 Visualisierungstechniken 2.2.5 Interaktionstechniken 2.3 Entwurfsproblematik in der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion 2.3.1 Entwurfsprozess 2.3.2 Entwurfsmuster und -prinzipien 2.3.3 Baukastensysteme 2.3.4 Semiotik 2.4 Zusammenfassung 3 Suchmuster im Kontext der Produktsuche 3.1 Schlüsselwortsuche 3.1.1 Kommerzielle Anwendungen 3.1.2 Akademische Arbeiten 3.2 Ähnlichkeitssuche 3.2.1 Kommerzielle Anwendungen 3.2.2 Akademische Arbeiten 3.3 Facettennavigation 3.3.1 Kommerzielle Anwendungen 3.3.2 Akademische Arbeiten 3.4 Empfehlungsbasierte Suche 3.4.1 Kommerzielle Anwendungen 3.4.2 Akademische Arbeiten 3.5 Browsing in strukturierten Inhalten 3.5.1 Kommerzielle Anwendungen 3.5.2 Akademische Arbeiten 3.6 Zusammenfassung 4 Motivbasierte Suche 4.1 Nutzerbefragung 4.2 Aspekte der motivbasierten Suche 4.2.1 Exploration 4.2.2 Recherche 4.2.3 Evaluation 4.3 Zusammenfassung 5 Schlagwortbasierte Suche 5.1 Datengrundlage 5.1.1 Klassifikationsschema 5.1.2 Datenanalyse 5.2 DelViz 5.2.1 Konzept für die Explorative Suche 5.2.2 Analysekonzept 5.2.3 Browsing-Konzept 5.2.4 Prototyp 5.3 TagCircus 5.4 Facettice 5.5 Zusammenfassung 6 Ähnlichkeitssuche 6.1 Glyphdarstellungen 6.1.1 Many-to-One-Mapping 6.1.2 One-to-One-Mapping 6.2 Nutzerstudien 6.2.1 Evaluation von Differenzglyphen 6.2.2 Evaluation von Star-Plots und Flower-Glyphen 6.3 Ähnlichkeitssuche mittels Glyphen 6.3.1 Beispielbasierte Suche 6.3.2 Exploration multidimensionaler Datenmengen 6.4 Zusammenfassung 7 Facettennavigation 7.1 Datengrundlage 7.2 Basiskonzept 7.2.1 Interaktion mit den Achsen 7.2.2 Facettenfilter 7.2.3 Ergebnisliste 7.2.4 Suchhistorie 7.3 Parallele Koordinaten 7.3.1 Vergleich 7.3.2 Unscharfer Filter 7.4 Parallel Sets 7.5 Prototyp 7.6 Nutzerstudie 7.6.1 Methodik 7.6.2 Ergebnisse 7.6.3 Diskussion 7.7 Adaption des Konzepts 7.8 Zusammenfassung 8 Empfehlungsbasierte Suche 8.1 Get Inspired 8.1.1 Datengrundlage 8.1.2 Konzeption 8.1.3 Prototyp 8.1.4 Nutzerstudie 8.2 Motbasi 8.2.1 Prototyp 8.2.2 Nutzertest 8.3 Movie-Recommender 8.4 Findr 8.5 Zusammenfassung 9 Baukasten für visuelle Suchinterfaces 9.1 Bausteine 9.2 Baumuster 9.3 Baumusterpläne 9.3.1 Verbindungselemente 9.3.2 Referenzbausteine 9.4 Semiotische Aspekte des Baukastens 9.5 Anwendungsszenarien 9.5.1 Mustererstellung zur Wiederverwendbarkeit 9.5.2 Variantenerzeugung 9.5.3 Inspiration im Entwurfsprozess 9.5.4 Design- und Lehrmethodik 9.6 Zusammenfassung 10 Zusammenfassung 10.1 Zusammenfassung der Kapitel 10.2 Diskussion 10.3 Ausblick Anhang Glossar Abkürzungsverzeichnis Literatur Eigene Veröffentlichungen Betreute studentische Arbeiten Forschungsprojekte Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Verzeichnis der Code-Beispiele

Cette thèse fait partie du projet beyond the sea® qui a pour but de développer la traction par cerf-volant à boudins gonflés (kite) comme système de propulsion auxiliaire des navires. Comme le kite est une structure souple, il est nécessaire de mettre en place une boucle d’interaction fluide-structure pour calculer la géométrie du kite en vol et ses performances aérodynamiques. Un modèle de Ligne Portante 3D Non-Linéaire a été développé pour pouvoir gérer ces ailes non planes, avec des angles de dièdre et de flèche qui varient le long de l’envergure, et également pour pouvoir prendre en compte la non-linéarité du coefficient de portance de la section aérodynamique. Le modèle a été vérifié par des simulations RANSE sur différentes géométries et donne des résultats satisfaisants pour des angles d’incidence et de dérapage variant jusqu’à 15°, avec des différences relatives de quelques pour cent pour l’estimation de la portance globale de l’aile. Les résultats locaux sont aussi correctement estimés, le modèle est capable d’estimer la position du minimum et du maximum de chargement local, selon l’envergure de l’aile, et cela même pour une aile en dérapage. En parallèle, un modèle structure a été développé. L’idée principale du modèle Kite as a Beam est de réduire le kite à un ensemble d’éléments poutre, chacun équivalent à une partie du kite composé d’une section du boudin d’attaque, de deux lattes gonflées et de la canopée correspondante. Le modèle Kite as a Beam a été comparé à un modèle éléments finis complet du kite sur des cas de déplacements élémentaires. Les résultats montrent certaines différences de comportement entre les deux modèles, avec notamment une surestimation de la raideur en torsion pour le modèle Kite as a Beam. Finalement, le modèle Kite as a Beam a été couplé avec la Ligne Portante 3D Non-Linéaire, puis comparé au modèle éléments finis, couplé également avec la Ligne Portante. La réduction du temps de calcul est réellement importante mais les résultats de la comparaison montrent la nécessité de calibrer le modèle Kite as a Beam pour pouvoir retrouver correctement les résultats du modèle éléments finis
The present thesis is part of the beyond the sea® project which aims to develop tethered kite systems as auxiliary devices for ship propulsion. As a kite is a flexible structure, fluid-structure interaction has to be taken into account to calculate the flying shape and aerodynamic performances of the wing. A 3D Non-Linear Lifting Line model has been developed to deal with non-straight kite wings, with dihedral and sweep angles variable along the span and take into account the non-linearity of the section lift coefficient. The model has been checked with 3D RANSE simulations over various geometries and produces satisfactory results for range of incidence and sideslip up to 15°, with typical relative differences of few percent for the overall lift. The local results are also correctly estimated, the model is able to predict the position of the minimum and maximum loading along the span, even for a wing in sideslip. Simultaneously, a structure model has been developed. The core idea of the Kite as a Beam model is to approximate a Leading Edge Inflatable kite by an assembly of beam elements, equivalent each to a part of the kite composed of a portion of the inflatable leading edge, two inflatable battens and the corresponding canopy. The Kite as a Beam model has been compared to a complete kite Finite Element model over elementary comparison cases. The results show the behaviour differences of the two models, for example the torsion stiffness is globally overestimated by the Kite as a Beam model. Eventually, the Kite as a Beam model coupled with the 3D Non-Linear Lifting Line model is compared to the complete finite element model coupled with the 3D Non-Linear Lifting Line model. The gain in computation time is really significant but the results show the necessity of model calibration if the Kite as a Beam model should be used to predict the results of the complete finite element model

Les pièces de formes complexes des domaines aéronautique et automobile sont fabriquées par usinage 5 axes UGV pour accroître leur qualité ou la productivité. Cependant, la gestion combinée du multi-axe et des vitesses élevées posent divers problèmes au couple MO-CN lors de l'exécution des trajectoires.
Ces travaux portent sur l'optimisation de l'usinage 5 axes UGV au travers de l'étude des trajectoires et de leur suivi. Après avoir analysé le processus de réalisation des trajectoires et identifié les limites associées, un modèle d'évaluation des performances cinématiques lors du suivi est développé ; il permet de détecter les portions critiques des trajets ainsi que les éléments limitants. Une structure d'optimisation, basée sur un modèle de description surfacique des trajets est ensuite présentée. L'optimisation de l'orientation de l'axe de l'outil, tenant compte des contraintes précédentes y est plus spécifiquement étudiée pour évaluer la faisabilité d'une telle démarche.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
人資處應用科學系教學碩士班
95
Abstract In the studies of kite dynamics, the figures have been extensively quoted from experiments manipulating airplane wings. There are, however, quite a few differences between kites and airplane wings. The development of study on kites could be hindered consequently. In order to present the real results of kites on aerodynamics, this experiment adopts a self-made cost-saving and practical wind tunnel dedicated to research on kites. Expenditure on the wind tunnel is NT$50,255. The average wind speed is 9.6m/s at the test section of the wind tunnel. Flow uniformity is 1.2% and turbulent intensity is between 0.21% and 0.69%. With this amount of expenditure, the quality is quite satisfying. Many kite-players know that the setting of kite bridles have decisive effect on the flight of kites. Results of previous research studies are not applicable as they uses figures quoted from aerodynamics of flat plate to do calculation and thus, results in repetitive errors of bridle setting. This experiment uses a reduced-size diamond-shape ‘Spring Festival couplet kite’ to fly in the wind tunnel and obtains the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift-drag ratio during flight. When kite bridles are set at the degree of 65.5 at take-off, the flight angle can be maximized to the degree of 72.9. Applying these figures to the setting of kite bridles obtains very good results.

碩士
東吳大學
數學系
99
A long-kite graph is a triangle with a tail consisting of a path of length 2. Let G be a graph. A long-kite design of G is a collection of subgraphs of G, the subgraph is isomorphic to a long-kite graph, such that those subgraphs form a partition of G. A long-kite design of order n is a long-kite design of Kn. The main content of this report discuss some property about the long-kite design of order n. In section 1, we introduce some basic definition which will be used later in this article. In section 2, we discuss the case that Kn can be decomposed into long-kite graphs completely. In this section, we divide three parts. In part 1, for orders 6, 10, 11, 15, 20, 21, 25, graphs K15\K5 and K25\K5, we give the small cases, then exchange the digits in every orders and discuss the number of intersections. In part 2, we make the construction for the general order 10k, 10k+1, 10k+5 and 10k+6. In part 3, from part 1 and part 2, we show that the spectrum for the pairwise disjoint intersection of long-kite designs of order n is the set {0, 1, 2, …, [n/5]}. In section 3, we discuss the case when Kn can not be decomposed into long-kite graphs completely. We divide four parts in this section. In part 1, we give the necessary condition of long-kite design of λＫn. In part 2, for certain order such as 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 24, we give the small cases. In part 3, we give the construction for the order 10k+2, 10k+3, 10k+4, 10k+7, 10k+8 and 10k+9. In part 4, we find the method that can decompose compeletely and give a long-kite design of λＫn.

碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
90
In traditional and common learning environment, linear text as learning materials, multiple-choice questions as assessment tools and the static learning sequence for every learner are quite normal. For the purpose of improving the learning performance, a new learning system which consists of spatial learning materials, new teaching method and assessment tools is proposed. The concept map learning system consists of concept maps as the learning materials, fill-in-the-blanks questions with MathEditor as the assessment tools, and the dynamic learning sequence to realize the scaffolding theorem. The instructors can use this system to facilitate the learners learning and monitor the learning processes, and the learners can use this system to schedule their courses efficiently. Therefore, the concept map learning system is a completely learning environment both for the instructors and the learners.

碩士
樹德科技大學
兒童與家庭服務系
99
This study on the " Developmental Preschool Teacher Evaluation Kit" aimed to develop an action research study applied in the field of kindergarten , and to verify implementation effectiveness and feasibility of the system First draft of discussion with the teachers group, the implementation of action strategies , experts’ amended advice , action research to revise self-assessment test for measuring pre-school teachers, classroom observations, peer observation, growth plans, etc., the implementation of feasibility of the evaluation kit. Based on the action research, the researcher constructs the " Developmental Preschool Teacher Evaluation Kit." In this study, the progress of action in the first phase of revision of teaching guidance focuses on teaching environment and individual needs. The second phase of testing highlights "peer opinion report" to establish professional community interaction, exchange teaching skills and enhance the teaching accomplishment. Classroom observation serves a way to provide the specific behavior that will re-ignite teachers’ work ethic. Finally, to verify the " Developmental Preschool Teacher Evaluation Kit." in kindergarten is feasible. Implementation process of the preschool teachers’ change and growth depends on sublimating their own teaching concept, listening to their teaching belief with respect. It’s the most efficient key to culminate more successful teaching guidance.

The educational change that makes the most difference to student outcomes is the instructional change that occurs in the practice of the classroom teacher. New ideas in education influence innovative practice and new curricular methods before they are implemented in classrooms. This study examined how such curricular changes have made their way into the teaching of reading and writing in upper elementary classrooms--grades three to six--by a retrospective examination of the teaching histories, the thinking, and reflections on change, of twelve long-service teachers (and one first-year teacher) and their current responses to demands for change. Two eras of instructional change in the language arts in Manitoba were of interest: the move to whole language instruction in reading from the late 1970's to the late 1980's; and the move to process writing methods from the late 1980's to the mid 1990's. Teacher interviews were audiotaped and the transcripts of interviews analyzed for several themes: the nature of teacher knowledge and its acquisition; the influence of personal reading and writing experiences on teachers' practice; underlying theories of literacy acquisition; beliefs about literacy learning and instruction; and the testing and adoption of new instructional ideas. Analysis of the interview data yielded the following conclusions: (1) The teachers' valued practical methods o er theory in relation to their practice in teaching reading and writing. (2) The teachers valued practical knowledge that they had gained through classroom teaching experience. (3) These teachers' own, widely varying experiences as readers and writers were the greatest influences in shaping their teaching practices in reading and writing. (4) The teachers' beliefs about reading and writing acquisition were approaching current ideas in the field. They have adopted some but not all of the essential practices in whole language and process writing instruction. (5) The teachers did not describe recent changes in theories of language and literacy and relate them to reading and writing instruction. They described changes that they have implemented in methods of instruction. (6) They have made changes where they have been able to make practical trials of new methods that they thought likely to succeed. (7) Their preferred source of ideas for change was their own experience and some practical trials in collaboration with colleagues and students. Implications for teacher education and professional development are also explored.

The first part of this thesis is focused on the advantages of using the experiments during the physics education and their educational values. Furthermore, some types of experiments, their correct metodology of implementation and some other aspects which should be given an appropriate attention by the teacher are theoretically described. Then, some types of demonstrational sets and their brief history are described. The attention is aimed at the demonstrational set of DIDAKTIK, its content and composition. One chapter is devoted to the research of schools equipment for using the demonstrational experiments of electricity and magnetism and their evaluations. The last part deals with some experiments which can be made within this set, their documentation and evaluation. Further, there were worksheets created for some of these experiments. Two of these sheets were used among primary schools for didactic exploring and the reasults were evaluated.