Dissertationen zum Thema „Conservation des ressources naturelles – Brésil“
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Carneiro, Ferreira Francisco Antônio. „Les réserves de biosphère : une réponse pour concilier développement urbain et conservation de la biodiversité ? : Expériences comparées d’urbanisation et de protection dans trois réserves de biosphères (Brésil, France Chine)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUrban development is an important driver of environmental change on a global scale, which has exerted enormous pressure on ecosystems thanks to rapidly changing population densities and displacement, particularly migration from rural to urban areas. In this context, in which conservation and development objectives have historically been antagonistic, nature reserves have emerged as the main global strategy for biodiversity conservation. In order to verify the limits and possibilities of reconciling environmental protection and urban development, this study used the perspective of socio-environmental assessment studies, focusing on the issue of relations between society and the environment in urbanization processes around biosphere reserves. In this sense, it identifies different points of intersection between the theme of urban planning experiences and the notion of sustainable development. In the comparative analysis of three biosphere reserve cases - Mata Atlântica (Brazil), Yancheng (China) and Camargue (France) - we examine the experience of occupying of the transition zones of these biosphere reserves, located in coastal areas. The case studies offer additional information to reinforce the hypothesis that the urban development process in transition zones of the reserves has involved the reinforcement of predatory social and ecological strategies of urban and peri-urban occupation. The socio-economic and socio-cultural fragmentation of nature and local communities has contributed to the intensification of environmental pollution indices and the reduction of biological productivity in coastal regions. Finally, the work recognized the importance of strengthening an integrated and participatory planning system capable of correcting and preventing the deterioration of the natural and built environment caused by urban and peri-urban ocupation. it is considered essential to open up interdisciplinary research efforts to explore alternative policies for the sector, such as ecotourism
O desenvolvimento urbano é um importante motor da mudança ambiental em escala global, que tem exercido uma enorme pressão sobre os ecossistemas, graças à rápida mudança das densidades populacionais e deslocamentos, particularmente a migração das áreas rurais para as áreas urbanas. Neste contexto, em que os objetivos de conservação e de desenvolvimento tem sido historicamente antagônicos, as reservas naturais apresentam-se como a principal estratégia global de conservação da biodiversidade. A fim de verificar os limites e possibilidades de conciliar a proteção ambiental e o desenvolvimento urbano, neste estudo utilizou-se a perspectiva dos estudos de avaliação socioambiental, centrando-se na questão das relações entre a sociedade e o ambiente nos processos de urbanização em torno das reservas da biosfera. Nesse sentido, identifica diferentes pontos de intersecção entre o tema da planejamento urbano e a noção de desenvolvimento sustentável. Na análise comparativa dos três casos de Reservas da Biosfera - Mata Atlântica (Brasil), Yancheng (China) e Camargue (França) - examina a experiência de ocupação das áreas de transição dessas reservas biosfera, situadas em regiões costeiras. Os estudos de caso fornecem informações adicionais que reforçam a hipótese de que o processo de desenvolvimento urbano em zonas de transição das reservas envolvem o fortalecimento de estratégias sociais e ecológicas predatórias de ocupação urbana e periurbana. A fragmentação sócio-econômica e sociocultural da natureza e das comunidades locais tem contribuído à intensificação dos índices de poluição ambiental e a diminuição da produtividade em regiões costeiras. Finalmente, o trabalho reconheceu a importância de fortalecer um sistema de planejamento integrado e participativo que possa corrigir e prevenir o agravamento dos verdadeiros focos de deterioração do ambiente natural e construído induzido pela ocupação urbana e peri-urbana. Considera-se imprescindível a abertura do esforço de pesquisa interdisciplinar, para a exploração de políticas alternativas para o setor, como o ecoturismo. Palavras-chave: Urbanização, desenvolvimento urbano-turístico, ocupação periurbana, desenvolvimento sustentável, reservas da biosfera, ecoturismo
Le, Ster Amélie. „Les Réserves de Biosphère (RB) et leurs contributions à la conservation de la nature et au développement territorial durable. Regards croisés à partir de la RB Yungas en Argentine, de la RB de la Mata Atlântica au Brésil et de la RB Luberon-Lure en France“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiosphere Reserves (BRs) are specifically protected areas. Those areas are defined by the UNESCO. BRs aim at reconciling environmental concern with human activities, while promoting a sustainable territorial development. They associate protected and non-protected places. The BR model also spread in more than 120 countries. The BRs are focused on a couple of principles, including participation, dialogue, collaboration and social apprenticeship of varied public and private players. But BRs are not uniform models. Studying three BRs from Argentina (Yungas), Brazil (Mata Atlântica) and France (Luberon-Lure) revealed field differences and also varied ways of organization and action at a local scale. Our study is based on in-depth field experience, interviews with local authorities, corporate people as well as local people, and analyze of technical and official documentation. The three examples of BRs show how diverse actions can be implemented to preserve nature. But the involvement of local population proved to be quite irregular. BRs don’t really prove to be clearly defined executive authorities leading tangible actions. Instead BRs mostly reveal as often ill-formalized places of dialogue. But the coordination of varied players, including some being external to the BR, makes it possible to drive collective actions. Those actions help to develop the territory. Our study highlights contributions, good practice, but also limits about the implementation of BR. Beyond their mission of nature protection, the contribution of the BRs to a sustainable territorial development policy would deserve to be expanded and reinforced
Jacob, Théo. „De la conservation en Amazonie : norme environnementale et démocratie territoriale à l’heure du « Faire mieux avec moins ». La Guyane française et l'État brésilien de l'Amapá entre tensions et normalisations“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Amazonia, nature conservation is oriented towards governing men. In the name of biodiversity, marginalized population are being monitored on peripheral territories. Initially designed as tools of restriction, protected areas now go together with decentralisation. Their new goals for local democracy and economic development participate of a globalized evolution of public administration, from « sovereignty » to « governmentality». By comparing French and Brazilian processes of State reforms, this thesis first explores how environmental norm, by imparting a scientific power to the diversity and subsidiarity principles, is prompting a liberal reshuffle in states that were historically centralized. Updating a « self government » myth, the Environment is shaping a new « social contract », in the form of a territorialized moral governance project that strives to counterbalance inequalities through community federation. Secondly, an historical study of large protected areas shows how conservation complements state redeployment. In Amapá and French Guyana, it comes after sovereign function strategies maintained on a distant Amazonia, switching between paternalistic attitude and delegation of authority to local elite groups. On these « abnormal » territories, where natural resources articulate strong financial interests, conservation institutions are trying to reconcile different legitimacies. In bringing together local communities, public officials and economic players, administrators organise spaces of state governance that go along with regional autonomy. These concertation places are aiming to restrain the development of social and political gaps, in creating new mobilities on the territories. Finally, a compared ethnography of role plays, enlistment strategies, and emerging conflicts, shows the securitarian origin of these mechanisms for these central States. Environmental protection justifies a frugal type of governance, by multiplying counter powers and surveillance entrenchments between stakeholders of a common space. When inciting the emergence of a new « civil society » in barely administered back lands, this creates new rivalries and spreads managing rationale of responsibility. If an analysis of subjectification reveals that « adaptable coercion » compel political and economical powers to adjust strategies, it also demonstrates its difficulty to satisfy « state request » originating from local population. Comparability of Guyanese and Amapaense experiences therefore questions the evolution of the « French model », which is each time more dependant of a « proactive citizenship », that only the most privileged parts of the territories can see emerge
Na Amazônia, a conservação da natureza contribui para governar os homens : em nome da biodiversidade, as populações marginalizadas são gerenciadas em territórios periféricos. Inicialmente concebidas enquanto ferramentas de proibição, as áreas protegidas acompanham hoje o processo de descentralização. As novas missões de democracia local e de desenvolvimento econômico participam de uma mesma evolução da administração pública, que vai de uma lógica de “soberania” ao registro da “governamentalidade”.Pela comparação franco-brasileira dos processos de reforma do Estado, a tese mostra em um primeiro momento como a norma ambiental, conferindo força científica aos princípios de diversidade e subsidiariedade, incita a “recomposição liberal” em Estados historicamente centralizados. Atualizando um mito de self-government, o meio ambiente delineia um novo “contrato social” : um projeto de governança moral, territorializada, contrabalançando as desigualdades pela federação comunitária. Num secundo tempo, o estudo histórico de grandes áreas protegidas mostra como a conservação vem apoiando a reforma do Estado. No Amapá, como na Guiana francesa, ela sucede às estratégias de manutenção da soberania sobre uma Amazônia afastada, alternando a tutela paternalista e sua delegação às elites locais. Nesses territórios « anormais », onde as riquezas naturais estruturam fortes interesses econômicos, as instituições de conservação da biodiversidade tentam reconciliar diferentes legitimidades. Reunindo comunidades locais, representantes públicos e atores econômicos, seus gestores animam espaços de governança que acompanham o empoderamento regional. Esses espaços tentam regular o desenvolvimento das disparidades sociais e políticas, estimulando novas mobilidades nos territórios. Enfim, a etnografia comparada dos jogos de atores, das técnicas de governo e dos conflitos emergentes, revela a natureza securitária desses dispositivos colocados em cena pelos Estados centrais. A proteção do meio ambiente justifica um sistema de governo frugal, multiplicando os contrapoderes e o encaixe das vigilâncias entre os atores de um mesmo espaço. Estimulando a emergência de uma “sociedade civil” em áreas sub-administradas, cria-se novas concorrências e difunde-se uma racionalidade gerencial de responsabilização. Se a análise das subjetivações mostra que essas “coerções flexíveis” obrigam as forças político-econômicas a adaptar suas estratégias, revela também a dificuldade desses dispositivos em satisfazer as demandas da população. A comparabilidade das experiências guianensas e amapaenses questiona então a evolução do “modelo Francês”, cada vez mais dependente de uma “cidadania proativa”, que só as partes mais privilegiadas dos territórios veem emergir
Laroche, Rose. „Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution des ressources naturelles renouvelables du Brésil“. Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30244.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEmperaire, Laure. „Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la caatinga du sud-est du Piaui (Brésil)“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066359.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKjaergaard, Thorkild. „Den danske Revolution 1500-1800 : en økohistorisk tolkning /“. Kobenhavn : Gyldendal, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35523075z.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTorri, Maria Costanza. „La conservation et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et la gestion participative, le cas de la région de la réserve naturelle des tigres de Sariska, Rajasthan, Inde /“. Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950244c.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBibliogr. p. 210-215. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Lages, Vinicius Nobre. „Modalités de mise en valeur de ressources renouvelables dans le tropique humide : une étude comparative de l'agriculture sur le littoral de l'État d'Alagoas (Brésil) et du Kerala (Inde)“. Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRomaniuc, Neto Sergio. „Taxonomie et biogéographie des genres sorocea a. St. -hil. , clarisia ruiz & pavon et trophis p. Browne (moraceae - urticales) : mise en évidence de centres d'endémisme et de zones à protéger au Brésil“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MNHN0009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDje, Yao. „Conservation des ressources génétiques des races locales de sorgho en Afrique du Nord occidentale“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211888.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarrière, Olivier. „Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Bastos, Rodolpho Zahluth. „Rivalités géopolitiques sur la biodiversité, l'enjeu de régulation de l'accès aux ressources génétiques au Brésil“. Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe regulation of access to genetic resources is one of the central themes discussed in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992. The Convention grants the countries the sovereign right to formulate and establish the conditions of access to the genetic resources available in their territories in order to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from the use of it. Brazil as one of the richest countries in biodiversity in the world is very concerned in this question. However, since the adoption of the CBD, Brazilian governments seem inefficient to establish laws and policies for controlling the exchanges of genetic resources to allow "access and benefit-sharing" (ABS). The implementation of ABS in Brazil seems very complex, plenty of issues and rivalries from many agents. This PhD thesis aims to expose the raisons of this malfunctioning from the standpoint of different conflict levels. A three scale analysis (international, national, local) is developed trying to clarify the main issues of biodiversity regulation
Rodary, Estienne. „Les espaces naturels : l'aménagement par la participation ? : mise en réseau et territorialisation des politiques de conservation de la faune en Zambie et au Zimbabwe“. Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE1041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGorsse, Benoît. „Les landes sèches des monts de Lacaune /“. [Nages] (Ferme de Rieumontagné, 81320) : Centre de recherches du patrimoine de Rieumontagné, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40081133m.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGangloff, Benoît. „Systematics and phylogeography in gadfly petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes) and implications for conservation“. Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Gangloff-Benoit/2010-Gangloff-Benoit-These.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProcellariiformes are seabirds showing a set of characters rendering them particularly attractive to research. They are the most diverse seabird group, and probably also the most threatened, with 44. 7% species classified Vulnerable or worse under IUCN criteria. As many seabirds, they are fascinating models to study patterns and processes of population and species differentiation, being under contradictory evolutionary forces: on the one hand being extremely vagile allow them to disperse very far, which is supposed to enhance gene flow between populations, thus reducing their differentiation and diversification ; on the other hand, being extremely philopatric, they often return to breed in their natal colony, a pattern supposed to enhance population differentiation. Living in the ocean, they also constitute good models to investigate differentiation processes in the absence of physical barrier to gene flow. In addition, partly as a result of the opposite evolutionary forces just described, their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are complex, have proved very frustrating over the decades and have therefore been in a state of flux over the years. The development of molecular ecology in the last two decades have provided some new powerful tools to elucidate some of the phylogenetic uncertainties, to understand the observed phylogeographic patterns and have a better grasp at the underlying processes promoting diversification in these birds. These tools also allow a better understanding of population structure and relationships and can greatly help to the prioritisation and design of conservation actions directed at conserving these organisms. In this thesis, by means of molecular ecology tools, I investigated the phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of several taxa belonging to family Procellariidae, the most speciose in order Procellariiformes. I studied these at two levels: first at the genus level by describing phylogenetic relationships in genus Pseudobulweria, probably the most endangered seabird genus in the world; and second at the taxon and population level I focused on the Macaronesian group of gadfly petrels and on the Gould’s petrel complex, in particular regarding the relationships between its Australian and New Caledonian subspecies. Using a multiloci approach for each of these investigations provided a mean to improve our understandings : in Pseudobulweria the species tree approach used allowed inferring the phylogenetic relationships between all the taxa in the genus for the first time and to solve a taxonomic issue regarding the status of Beck’s petrel ; in Northeast Atlantic gadfly petrels, I showed that the divergence of the three taxa living in that region is much more recent than previously thought and that the three populations deserve at least the status of Evolutionary Significant Units ; in Gould’s petrel I showed that the two population currently recognised as subspecies are not structured genetically and the lineages have not diverged. These investigations underline the necessity to incorporate new methods and multiple loci when investigating the phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns in organisms to fully capture their complexity
N'Dui-Yabela, Alexis. „La Contribution internationale à la sauvegarde des ressources naturelles en Afrique Centrale“. Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the right heart of the african continent, the sub-region of Central Africa has important natural resources. Unfortunately, those resources are lately facing an irrational exploitation, portending an environnemental situation of crisis in a short term. Aware of those threats, Central African's States and international community multiply many-sided strategies in order to reverse the tend. Many initiatives are recorded during the last years as much at the level of management political review as regards operational activities. This study tries to review some of them and show how Central African's States and civil society work hard, with the help of many internationals partners, to safeguard natural resources in prospect of a sustainable development. In this part of the world, the international environmental law doesn't stay on a theoretical level, but found expression in some concrete and field realizations
Le, Hardy Magali. „Problèmes juridiques posés par l'exploitation des ressources biologiques de la haute mer“. Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRafaly, Vonintsoa. „La conservation des ressources halieutiques en haute mer : du régime classique de la responsabilité à la responsabilisation des états“. Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT3003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoes everything have to change for everything to stay as it is ? The Law of the Sea is subject to continuous development to maintain the balance between freedom of resource exploitation and emerging environmental pressure. But does everything has to change ? The aim of this study is to get to the heart of the matter, especially regarding state responsibility in the conservation of marine biological resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Between crisis and evolution, the law of the sea has to find its feet regarding the challenges the international community is facing. In order to maintain a sustainable conservation of resources, the consideration of common interest and environmental requirements has led to a reconceptualisation of state responsibility, where international cooperation has its importance. The Law of the Sea has thus made their own and updated some international law and environmental law concepts, through emerging mechanisms to initiate new forms of state responsibility
Zarrella, André-Dominique. „La politique internationale des pêcheries en Méditerranée : exploitation, gestion et conservation des ressources naturelles de la mer“. Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMediterranean sea is actually suffering from an overfishing of its resources because of a lack of an international control policy of its fisheries. There is urgency and at the same time difficulties to cure this delicate situation, so many are the conflicts between traditional fisheries and states in Mediterranean sea. It seems impossible to adapt the oceanic fisheries control policy to the Mediterranean sea. The only solution is to create a project of partition of its natural resources from the new international law of the sea and concept of enclosed sea
Mobaied, Samira. „La dynamique spatiotemporelle de la végétation et l'organisation de la biodiversité des interfaces lande-forêt tempérée : implication pour la gestion conservatoire des réserves naturelles“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEuropean heathlands were maintained by traditional agro-pastoral practices over the last 3000 years. Since 1950s, these traditional land uses have almost completely disappeared. As a result, heathland areas have been drastically reduced and have been overrun by grasses and woody species. Heathlands conservation requires consistent and permanent management action to control the natural succession. The ‘Trois Pignons’ forest (Fontainebleau, France) consists of a mosaic of heathlands and forests which are integrated into the Managed Biological Reserves (RBD). Since 1992, the managers of this RBD aim to maintain heathlands. In this context, we study in a first part, heathland vegetation dynamics at different spatial and temporal scales. Results show a gradual change from Ericaceae species in pure stand to a mosaic of grasses and Ericaceae, despite the application of measures to maintain this habitat in managed heathland. The development of grasses is correlated with thinness of the spatial variability of soil properties and the spatial variability of reforestation. In a second part, we assess changes in forest cover between 1946 and 2003. Results show the loss of 60% of heathlands during 1946–2003 associated to a similar increase in forest areas and the persistence of C. Vulgaris in coniferous stands and young mixed stand. We also study relationship between landscape spatio-temporal heterogeneity and biodiversity in mosaic-landscapes. The results indicate that in the areas of high spatio-temporal heterogeneity, a general increase is observed in species richness, in particular for vascular plants, bryophytes and carabids. The study demonstrates how spatial methods can contribute to the design of reliable management methods of habitats such as the heathlands, and enable us to offer recommendations as to how to better manage heathland semi-natural habitats of the Fontainebleau forest and elsewhere in Europe
Houfaidi, Jamila. „L'exercice de la souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles et les activités économiques : le cas du Maroc“. Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN20006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDeybe, Daniel. „Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables“. Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Talla, Tene Marius Rostand. „Le droit positif camerounais face aux impératifs de conservation de la faune sauvage et de promotion des populations autochtones“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS025S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe environment’s protection does not have any more cease to be a priority for the subjects of the International law. Since the Summit of Rio de Janeiro on the environment and the development, this concern caused at the international level was taken more and more into account by the States. Cameroun did not remain with the margin of this process since many legal provisions were taken in order to protect nature and its resources in fact those consisted wild fauna. Indeed, while taking as a starting point the International law of the environment, the Cameroonian legislator devoted the principle of conservation of wildlife by recommending the control of hunting activities, by attaching a major importance to the protected areas and by controlling the use of the faunal resources at commercial purposes. These measurements were also combined with the other supposed ones to improve the living conditions of the autochthon communities like the facilitation of the access to the natural resources and the implication of those in the management of wild fauna. However, this regulation knows important limits primarily made up by the restriction of the principle of participation and the multiple difficulties of a functional nature. All these limits result in to relativize the results obtained by the policies of conservation of fauna and promotion of the rights of the autochthon communities to Cameroun. To ameliorate the situation, of important measures should be taken in particular the improvement of decentralization’s policy, the participation’s principle reinforcement, the reinforcement of the control of the commercial exploitation of the wildlife resources and the at last, the equipment of autochthon communities of a clear statute taking that is taking in consideration their particularities
Michelot, Agnès. „Le principe de l'utilisation rationnelle en droit de l'environnement : une approche critique internationale et comparative à partir de la faune“. Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn important step in the elaboration of a new juridical logic essential to the construction of an order respectful of ecological balance was taken with the acknowledgement of the principle of rational use in international law and its introduction into the internal law of numerous countries. If one bears in mind the evolution of the relationship between men and wildlife, an analysis of the principle enables one to apprehend critically the way human societies make use of nature. Born of the collective realization of the fading of wildlife resources and the necessity of regulating the activities responsible for the destruction of species, the principle of rational use reveals, on one hand, its importance and, on the other hand, its limits and inadequacies when it comes to exploiting efficiently wildlife and considering more globally the protection of the biosphere. Whereas the prevailing economic logic is called into question, wildlife, when it is regarded as an underrated and overexploited natural resource, must be reconsidered in an ecological rationality. The thought of wildlife being a mere economic resource seems to be outmoded. The principle of rational use must develop around an "enriched vision" of wildlife, likely to make use of all its potentialities, while securing its preservation in the long term. Reappraised in an order within which values are not only economic any more, wildlife can be part of a model for "sustainable" development for the environment. Thus, the fact that countries which work with the international community, enforce principles of action, which aim at finding a new balance between men and nature, contributing to the construction of a new ecologic order which acknowledges the intrinsic value of natural elements without abandoning a humanistic conception
Le, Viol Isabelle. „Dynamique et répartition de la diversité : contribution pour une meilleure intégration dans les actions de conservation : l'exemple des dépendances vertes autoroutières“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the current context of biodiversity erosion, understanding processes controlling spatial and temporal distribution of diversity is a major challenge if we are to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic factors and propose efficient conservation policies. In this thesis, I focused on identifying mechanisms controlling different biodiversity components (populations and communities, taxonomic and functional diversity), using various tools to quantify biodiversity. The two aims were to: (1) improve our understanding of the relative impact of deterministic and stochastic processes in community assembly and (2) propose conservation strategies for two types of areas: protected areas (Iroise sea) and wider countryside (highway verges). My results show contrasted diversity patterns, depending whether the focus is on taxonomic or functional diversity (e. G. Specific richness vs. Species specialisation), or depending upon the taxonomic group (e. G. Plants vs. Spiders). Those results have direct implications in identifying underlying mechanisms but also in terms of conservation. I show that, while highway verges (ponds and embankment) can play a functional part in maintaining biodiversity, this part mainly depends upon management choices enhancing spatial biodiversity within those areas (e. G. Planting hedges). Finally, my results highlight the importance of taking into account the dynamic aspects of biodiversity to finetune management advices. In protected natural areas (Iroise sea), we have observed an impact of human activities on biodiversity (tourism, abandonment of farmlands) that can work against conservation objectives. However, we show that some management practices (concerted management of tourism, eradication of introduced species) can enhance the maintenance of protected species and ecosystems
Fontaine, Benoît. „La connaissance taxonomique des espèces rares : outil ou handicap pour la conservation de la biodiversité ?“ Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe abundance of rare and small species is a characteristic of biodiversity, and these species are the least known. Moreover, ca. 1. 75 million species are known, but the global magnitude of biodiversity is probably over 10 million species, maybe many more. Last but not least, we are experiencing a major extinction crisis. Documenting biodiversity is thus a priority, if only to preserve it. Taxonomists are responsible for this documentation, as these are the ones who discover and describe species, but they suffer from a lack of manpower and infrastructure. Considering these facts (lack of knowledge on biodiversity, extinction crisis, taxonomic impediment), we examine the role taxonomists could play in conservation. The core of taxonomical work is double: discriminating species, and naming them. Discriminating species, before naming, gives data on species richness, rarity and size patterns, and could help the choice of conservation areas. When species are named, assessing endemism and threat status is possible, which also allows to orientate conservation actions. We illustrate these contributions to conservation with papers presenting results of terrestrial mollusc inventories in Gabon and French Polynesia. We then analyze the Fauna Europaea database, compiled by taxonomists, which shows that the indicators usually used to measure the state of biodiversity are missing most species and give a partial image of the situation. This thesis ends with an assessment of the interest and possibility of having a French scientific nomenclature for the molluscs of France, to facilitate conservation of poorly-known threatened species. Only taxonomists can deliver data on specific richness and patterns of endemism for the most numerous and least known species. Their contribution allows to take into account all biodiversity, and not only large vertebrates and flowering plants. In this framework, their role is crucial in conservation biology, together with population biologists, geneticists and ecologists
Roumeau, Renalto. „Les fondements historiques du développement durable“. Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of that study is to demonstrate that the substructures of the concept of sustainable development have been part of history and that two centuries of economic development have given birth to that notion, which has just emerged following the people's awareness of the existence of questionable means of development. The present social and economic concerns which set up the notion of sustainable development originate from the questioning of those who fathered the economic doctrine. We have then steered our analysis around to the genealogical recording of the sustainable development, and around to the consequences that sorne economic theories generate in terms of moral questioning. The chosen theories number five : Growth and development, in other words the emergence of the concept ofsustainable development, by taking the human aspect into account (chapter one) The place of social relations, or social transformation in the chain of history (chapter two). The strength of demographic constraints, that is to say the understanding of the importance of the population, which is in the heart of the worries concerning sustainable development (chapter three). The place granted to natural resources, that is to say the analysis of the relation to nature among the economists (chapter four). The environmental question, which amounts to asking the question: how to hold an arguable position in the relation between environment and economy ? (chapter five). And finally, the last chapter (chapter six) will be dedicated to environmental, social and economic issues, applying a concept, sustainable tourism, as an element of measure
Fache, Élodie. „Impérialisme écologique ou développement ? : Les acteurs de la gestion des ressources naturelles à Ngukurr en Australie“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Northern Australia, a new category of Indigenous social actors emerged in the 1990s: “rangers”. Their jobs and programmes are based on the professionalization and formalization of “traditional” responsibilities for the land and sea. They are presented as natural resource management and biodiversity conservation mechanisms controlled by Indigenous communities and as a basis for local “development”.This thesis proposes a critical view of the ranger system, starting from the following question: is this system a form of “ecological imperialism”? The ethnography (2009-2010) of the social interactions at work in the activities of the Ngukurr community's ranger group (Arnhem Land, Northern Territory) is combined with a contextualization and an analysis linking local, regional and national levels with the international discourse.The ranger system reflects various endogenous and exogenous logics that go beyond its stated aims of environmental and socioeconomic resilience. It is based on complex power relations and negotiations between the different actors involved (including the Australian State), between “traditional ecological knowledge” and science, and between local and bureaucratic social relationships. This study reveals the bureaucratization process and the many external interventions and ambivalences inherent in this system which (re)produces social distinctions and tensions. It also highlights the mediator or broker role played by the rangers as well as the ambiguous position of the researcher in such a context
Chiron, Guy R. „Un exemple d'endémisme dans la forêt atlantique brésilienne : Baptistonia Barbosa Rodrigues (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae)-taxinomie, phylogénie et biologie de la conservation“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377291.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNduwimana, André. „Caractérisation du paysage naturel de la Malagarazi (Burundi) et approche de conservation durable de sa biodiversité“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to characterize on biophysics and human level the natural landscape of Malagarazi and to propose a contextualized mode of conservation of the biodiversity and local sustainable development. The work consists of a study of the floristic composition and spatial organization of the vegetation, an analysis of the demographic and socio-economic aspects of the households and the cartography of the state and evolution of the land cover/land use of the Malagarazi landscape. By combining different methods such as the study of the vegetation, the socio-economic study and the remote sensing, this work constitutes a systemic approach of apprehension of the problem of sustainable conservation of the Malagarazi natural landscape biodiversity. The reserve of biosphere is chosen and justified like a good approach to reconcile conservation and local development to be put in work at Malagarazi landscape
Thomas, Mathieu. „Gestion dynamique à la ferme de l'agrobiodiversité : relation entre la structure des populations de blé tendre et les pratiques humaines“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiodiversity provides lots of ecosystem services doing of its management a crucial issue. In situ conservation allows the continuous adaptation of populations to global changes. Subsistence farming Systems carry out this type of management maintaining a high level of agrobiodiversity thanks to seed exchanges among farmers. Such functioning reappears in industrialized countries. These types of Systems could expand their role in the landscape of the conservation of genetic resources. This interdisciplinary project at the interface between population genetics and ethnology sought to evaluate the relevance of such a model, characterizing the structure of the genetic and phenotypic diversity of population-varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) exchanged within a network of French farmers. The structure of these populations are simultaneously shaped by human action and environmental conditions; we identified and prioritized the impact of different evolutionary forces acting on this System. This study showed that : i) on-farm management of populations of wheat have a composite and complex genetic structure, which is important to take into account in management strategies; ii) the seed exchange networks submit populations to genetic drift, migration or selection in uneven ways depending on the context; iii) distributed and decentralized Systems have the emergent property of maintaining global diversity. Such social organizations are relevant to the management of agrobiodiversity because they allow the cultivated populations to maintain evolvability to rapid global changes
Barros-Platiau, Ana Flávia. „Vers quel droit de protection internationale de l'environnement ? : le développement des régimes internationaux pour la gestion de la biodiversité globale et pour le contrôle des changements climatiques avec la participation brésilienne“. Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010348.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLacoeuilhe, Aurélie. „Gestion de la biodiversité sur les sites anthropisés : de l'échelle des sites d'entreprises à celle du paysage“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJobbitt, Steve. „Re-civilizing the land, conservation and postwar reconstruction in Ontario, 1939-1961“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64723.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoillet, Nicolas. „La mise en valeur du patrimoine naturel et culturel en droit public“. Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIL141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe promotion of the natural and cultural heritage is today an integral part of public policies enacted by both the state and local authorities. The stated objectives of these policies gather together a number of areas including the promotion of cultural heritage, along with the economic and territorial development of the regions in question. Once the interest, the objectives and the functions of the notion of promoting national heritage have been clearly defined it is possible to identify a set of rules and legal procedures which guarantee the actual substance of the aforementioned notion. The different features making up natural and cultural heritage have therefore come under the jurisdiction of property law. This French property law raises a number of questions centred on the economic reality of promoting national heritage. The idea of economic development outlined the French Code général de la propriété publique has also itself contributed to a debate on the matter of national heritage. Developments in environmental and cultural law have helped to shape the framework within which the promotion of national heritage is to be found. However, the aforementioned framework also includes a number of specific rules of a purely incentive nature. Promoting national and cultural heritage consequently provides an element of coherence and harmony regarding, on the one hand aspects of natural heritage, and on the other hand aspects of environmental, cultural and property law
Li, Guoqiang. „L'homme et l'arbre dans la Chine antique : Connaissance naturaliste et contexte social“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyzes, according to the methods of the "historical ethno-botanic", the first knowledge of the trees in ancient China (14th and 3th century before Christianity era), with the very varied sources, from the first data of a Chinese writing, oracular inscriptions on bone and carapace, to the documents written such as collections of poems, vocabulary, codex of rites etc. Synchronously, the written data observed with each specific aspect are, for all of them a trail of the tree knowledge. They reflect the concept of nature, the social organization, cultural phenomena and elements of the techniques, notably linked to the national resources management and to the agricultural development. Diachronically, the Antique botanic advancement and more specifically the denominative and classificatory systems have known a internal evolution linked from the cognitive reflection of a primary gathering to a sorting increasingly organized in a hierarchy
Lozachmeur, Olivier. „La consécration du concept de "gestion intégrée des zones côtières" en droit international, communautaire et national“. Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4012.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle"Integrated coastal zone management" (ICZM) is a dynamic process in which a coordinated strategy is developed and implemented for the allocation of environment, socio-cultural and institutional resources to achieve the conservation and sustainable multiple use of the coastal zone. After its recognition during the Rio Conference in 1992, the concept was took up by the international community and international organisations. In Europe, this approach was made concrete by the publication of a European strategy of ICZM in 2000 and by a Recommendation to the states members in 2002. Following the dedication of the ICZM concept by the french Government in 2001 and by the french Parliament in 2002, France prepare a national ICZM strategy since 2003. So certain instruments (SMVM, DTA, SDAGE, SAGE, bay contracts. . . ) fit partially in a prospect for ICZM, many efforts and legal adaptation still remain to make so that this concept is truly implemented in our country
Figuié, Muriel. „La construction sociale d'un savoir sur la dégradation des ressources naturelles: le cas des pâturages dans les exploitations agricoles familiales de la commune de Silvânia au Brésil“. Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006819.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAinsi la définition adoptée par le milieu de la recherche agronomique est marquée par les objectifs de colonisation agricole de la région, d'intensification et de modernisation de l'agriculture qu'il poursuit. Pour le milieu "socio-environnementaliste", elle est marquée par des objectifs de résistance au processus de colonisation de la région et de défense des intérêts des petits producteurs longtemps ignorés des politiques agricoles.
Concernant les producteurs, le sens qu'ils donnent à la dégradation des pâturages est lié à leur relation pratique à cette ressource. Dans un contexte de changement technique, on montre que les agriculteurs construisent de nouvelles représentations et que cette construction est nécessaire pour donner un sens aux innovations et au concept de dégradation introduits par les techniciens.
Résoudre les problèmes de dégradation nécessite d'admettre leur statut de construction sociale et le rôle que les agriculteurs doivent jouer dans la construction d'un concept commun de dégradation.
Deroche, Frédéric. „Les peuples autochtones et leur relation originale à la terre : un questionnement pour l'ordre mondial /“. Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412705839.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTorri, Maria Costanza. „La conservation participative de la biodiversité et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles : l'étude de cas de la réserve de tigres de Sariska, India, Rajasthan“. Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010537.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRazafindrakoto, Tiana Eva. „Quel mécanisme de qualification pour les filières de valorisation de la biodiversité : l'exemple de la soie sauvage de la communauté rurale d'Arivonimamo, Madagascar?“ Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS008S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyses the effect of the proximity of the actors in the economic valorization of the territories, the biodiversity and the patrimony, in a sustainable view. Moreover, we will analyze the role of the qualification of a biodiversity channel in the promotion of collective action dynamics, which underlies these strategies of territorial development. The results show that the management of the territory – by the means of tools for indication – could bring an elegant solution to the safeguarding of the biodiversity and socio-cultural and artisanal practices of the territories, while developing them on the market. Indication accounts to us for the relation existing between the productive system of the biodiversity channel and its territorial anchoring. The examination of the conditions of definition and mechanism installation of qualification adapted to the wild silk channel of Arivonimamo includes the “AOC” for the safeguard of the local practice, the “fair-trade labeling” for the improvement of the good being and the reduction of the poverty of the local actors and the silk- SPL at the rural District of Arivonimamo. Those local and private measures must be connected with a public political choice, for the sustainability of the mechanism. In addition, the requirements for the qualification of the wild silk products could be used as a basis for the step of qualification of the other biodiversity channels for Madagascar
Cristino, Frota Mont'alverne Tarin. „Vers un régime international sur l’accès et le partage des avantages dans le droit de la biodiversité ?“ Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05D008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims to determine the need, despite the variety of obstacles, of an international regime on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing. The question is what measures might be most appropriate to harmonize the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity regarding the access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from their use, the national laws on access and benefit-sharing, the Bonn Guidelines and the rules on intellectual property. The need for an adequate and coherent legal framework arises to resolve conflicts. The main issue is what kind of international regime on access and benefit-sharing is under formation
Sandoz, Alain. „Proposition d'une méthodologie adaptée au suivi de l'occupation du sol d'une zone humide aménagée : application au bassin du Fumemorte (Grande Camargue,France)“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective was the development of a methodology adapted to the monitoring of land use in wetlands, which should be applied for various space and time units. Two main tools are used for this purpose : satellite remote sensing and georeferenced data bases. The experiment was conducted on a drainage basin, the fumemorte catchment in the rhone delta. The use of historical or newly acquired data is illustrated with some examples concerning the agricultural sector of the catchment and marshes of the tour du valat estate. In these examples, data from satellite images processing are integrated with other spatialized data. Results demonstrate the capabilities of the method for the monitoring of this particular environment, and for the interpretation of the data
Massuard, Marie. „Les ressources naturelles du Nitassinan de Nutashkuan : rapports de pouvoir et avenir de la Première nation“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23858/23858.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBraiki, Houssem. „Construction d’une démarche participative pour améliorer la gestion de l’eau et du sol. Une application aux politiques des aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols en Tunisie Centrale“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIIn central Tunisia, the agricultural intensification of irrigated agriculture generates local and regional environmental impacts, linked to an increased consumption of inputs and resources, including water and soil. In favor of a more sustainable agriculture and in order to inform public policies of agricultural development, it is necessary to assess the impacts of agricultural practices and water and soil conservation planning (WSCP), and this at the territory scale. The question is how to implement an environmental assessment approach in a context of 1) scarcity of reliable data including statistics, and complexity of farming practices, 2) prominence of socio-economic issues over environmental concerns 3) lack of knowledge of the perception of local actors on these issues and therefore of difficulty in identifying relevant indicators (scientific and of the stakeholders) and mobilizable. We propose an innovative approach to design and implement a participative approach involving different types of actors, to enable them to get more insights into each other's logic and perceptions of the impacts of agricultural practices and WSCP. This approach is designed to produce quality information by valuing local knowledge, share and take into account the perceptions of different stakeholders, and finally, build a consensus to contribute to the development of more effective WSCP policies. This approach has been structured in two main stages: the design of a community of practices articulated to a participatory systemic rapid diagnosis and the implementation of participatory workshops. The evaluation mobilized a dual mechanism including external observers and a satisfaction survey among participants. The survey is based on an evaluation grid of this approach, its outcomes and its short term induced effect. Sharing and taking into account the information and data collected, as well as the expertise and perceptions of the various stakeholders, has made possible to produce information deemed satisfactory or very satisfactory by all the participants. This nourished the knowledge of almost all the stakeholders and contributed to a constructive dynamic of collective learning. Our approach has contributed significantly to the evolution of perceptions and to a stronger mutual understanding between government officials and farmers. A dashboard grouping the indicators mobilized by each stakeholder was discussed and allowed to highlight convergences and differences in their analysis grids. The gradual and adaptive structuring of the approach, the choices of the stakeholders, the venues for the workshops and the use of a neutral facilitator were very important factors for the commitment and the mobilization of the stakeholders, in particular at the central scale, in this operational space for consultation on territorial issues, agricultural practices and WSCP. This work demonstrates the interest of integrating the engineering of consultation and environmental assessment within one approach and its feasibility in a difficult context for the ACES policies implementation
Rambaud, Maëlle. „Impact des activités anthropiques sur la dynamique et l’état de conservation d’un habitat naturel : exemple de la chenalisation des Rivières à renoncules (UE 3260)“. Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrance must assess the state of conservation of its natural habitats in reply to Directive Habitats. We therefore looked at the impact of pressures such as channelization, on physico-chemistry and on 3 communities (birds, plants, invertebrates) of the habitat EU 3260, or “Streams with Water Crowfoot”. 17 reaches (6 control/11 channelized) in 4 rivers, were monitored seasonally in 2006-07. Channelization led to physical changes of the habitat in several spatial scales: reach, riffle-pool sequence, and microhabitat. For the 3 communities, richness was lower in channelized reaches than in control reaches. Dominant taxa were ubiquitous and resistant. Plants was an informative community because they reacted to the 3 spatial scales. Adaptive strategies of plant taxa were more diverse in channelized reaches due to the modifications of the dynamic of the EU 3260 habitat. Our study clears tools and measurements of management to preserve the state of conservation of the habitat EU 3260
Grenier, Christophe. „Réseaux contre nature : conservation, tourisme et migrations aux îles Galapagos (Équateur)“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010685.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Darwinian theory explains Galapagos nature peculiarity, whose islands were used along history as an open space by foreigners. Ecuador strengthened its sovereignty on the archipielago thanks to international laws, but the creation of a national park led to a process of destruction of galapagos singularity. For once nature was valued by a mediatic conservation policy, tourism networks could link galapagos to the world : today, islands nature is sold as a show for hurried visitors, and national park management ensures the profitability of the network tourism enterprises, most of them coming from abroad. Galapagos being a new province of Ecuador, the governments of the 1970' and the 1980' developed the islands economy. But the actual policy aims to reduce the insular touristic supply and thus the attraction of this booming market for the ecuadorians immigrants, because the fast growth of Galapagos population is dangerous while an increasing part of the archipielago conservation relies on funds provided by "ecotourism". The loss of insular patterns in the landscapes as in the way of life of the population is a strong process in the four inhabited islands as in the national park : the population is becoming poorer because it is kept off tourism economy, and a growing part of the islanders relying on export fisheries jobs reject conservation. Though the elaboration of many management plans, conservationnist organisations have little means, so numerous and profitable lootings take place in the national park. This failure is also nature conservation's one : only a geodiversity preservation policy, disconnecting galapagos from some networks, could stop the continentalisation of the islands and save their ecological and human characteristics
De, Moraes Vodopives Hildete. „La mondialisation de la compagnie Brésilienne Vale, 2002-2010“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL123.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe internationalisation of companies located in developing countries is a feature of contemporary globalization. Inverting the trend of capital flows, they represent what the Boston Consulting Group calls the global challengers: “a group of emerging challengers that are becoming important players in both developing and developed countries around the globe.” This dissertation examines the case of one of these challengers: the Brazilian mining company Vale. After the acquisition of the Canadian giant Inco in 2006, Vale jumped from the sixth to the second position among global mining companies. Such a drastic move elicits a number of questions. What reasons led this unknown emerging company to venture in an international environment? How successful was Vale in this endeavor? What are the effects of Vale’s internationalization on the Brazilian economy? Since its creation in 1942 as a state-controlled company, Vale plays a leading role in Brazil’s economic development. At the same time, the company had no choice but to turn to international markets. After its privatization, the company defines the goal of becoming a global player with an aggressive plan for national and international acquisitions. Results are expressive. Vale succeds in expanding both its international presence and its product portfolio. Nevertheless, the becoming a global player ambition is not completely achieved. In 2010, Vale remains a company that suffers from Brazilian political interference and cost of doing business
Abla, Safia. „Les politiques forestières en Algérie et la gestion durable des ressources naturelles : Cas du programme emploi rural dans la région de Medea“. Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAfter its independence, Algeria was confronted with a situation of very advanced degradation characterized by a significant regression of plant place setting an intensification of the erosive phenomena of the mountainous zones and the appearance of the landscapes become depopulated in the steppe. This situation is the outcome of a set of historic and natural factors. Considering the vital importance of the national heritage and its biological variety, Algeria leads a steady policy of development of the forest sector which was characterized through the various national plans and special programs. This thesis suggests detecting the elements which made failed this policy, to plan to recommend better one management of the Algerian forest and to determine the existing links between natural resources, rural population and development policy. A series of qualitative investigations on the basis of a guide of interview was made with the agents who participate in the elaboration of the forest politics and its implementation and the rural population to be able to loosen the failures connected to this last one. This present document redraws the product in which we ended in the term of our work on the ground, however and after a presentation of the frame and our problem, said document includes three essential parts: situation of the forest sector in Algeria, situation of the forest sector in Algeria, the Program of Rural Employment for the long-lasting management of the resources
Viallon, Alain. „Protection et développement dans trois parcs nationaux de l'arc alpin. Le cas de Berchtesgaden (Allemagne), Hohe Tauern (Autriche) et Mercantour (France)“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10028.
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