Dissertationen zum Thema „Connaissances utilisateurs“
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Govaere, Virginie. „Evaluation et guidage d'un utilisateur dans un environnement d'apprentissage : application au domaine de la rééducation de la parole“. Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0285_GOVAERE.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOry, Jérémie. „Connaissances pour la conception et la perception de styles topographiques“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1058/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe design of topographic maps of reference is characterised both by an increasing amount of reference geographic databases and by design geo-services operating in distributed architectures. In this context, one of the major challenges consists in enriching the current knowledge on cartographic design in order to preserve the maps quality, i.e. they are legible, effective and usable. We assume that the topographic style renders maps legible and effective thanks to the visual codes and guides, well-known by the users. Our research purpose aims at formalising the concept of a topographic style as a cartographic family with a recognizable visual signature in order to produce new topographic maps.We propose to formalize key concepts of visual signature and cartographic family in a unified model. We validate and instantiate this model in setting up interviews of cartography experts and in designing user’s experiments allowing to evaluate the visual recognition of maps and graphic signs belonging in Swisstopo and IGN-France cartographic families. With results of the two user’s experiments, we characterize the visual signature of the two cartographic families. Then, we propose cartographic design guidelines in order to produce reference topographic maps based on the characterisation of the visual signature for two cases studies: (1) design a map belonging in a given cartographic family, (2) design a map on the border of two countries / two national mapping agencies
Jambert, Amandine. „Outils cryptographiques pour la protection des contenus et de la vie privée des utilisateurs“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14234/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrivacy is, nowadays, inseparable from modern technology. This is the context in which the present thesis proposes new cryptographic tools to meet current challenges.Firstly, I will consider zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge, which allow in particular to reach the anonymity property. More precisely, I will propose a new range proof system and next give the first comparison between all existing solutions to this problem. Then, I will describe a new method to verify a set of ``Groth-Sahaï'' proofs, which significantly decreases the verification time for such proofs.In a second part, I will consider sanitizable signatures which allow, under some conditions, to manipulate (we say ``sanitize'') a signed message while keeping a valid signature of the initial signer. I will first propose a new scheme in the classical case. Next, I will introduce several extensions which enable the signer to obtain better control of the modifications done by the ``sanitizer''. In particular, I will propose a new security model taking into account these extensions and give different schemes achieving those new properties.Finally, I will present different applications of the above cryptographic tools that enhance customer privacy. In particular, I will consider the questions of subscription, use and billing of services and also address the issue of managing protected content in a hierarchical group
Cordier, Amélie. „Interactive and Opportunistic Knowledge Acquisition in Case-Based Reasoning“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364368.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe travail développé ici traite de l'ingénierie des connaissances d'une catégorie de systèmes en particulier : les systèmes de raisonnement à partir de cas (RÀPC). Un système de RÀPC assiste un utilisateur dans sa tâche de résolution de problème en lui proposant une adaptation à la situation courante d'une précédente expérience. C'est en particulier au système en interaction "utilisateur - outil de RÀPC" que nous nous intéressons ici.
La problématique étudiée peut donc être exprimée ainsi : quelles méthodes et outils développer pour instrumenter efficacement le système apprenant "utilisateur - outil de RàPC" ? Cette problématique soulève un questionnement sur les connaissances du raisonnement et conduit à une analyse au niveau connaissance de tels systèmes. Un autre volet d'analyse porte sur les interactions entre l'utilisateur et l'artefact informatique pendant les phases de résolution de problème. Ces aspects sont étudiés à plusieurs niveaux dans les différentes contributions présentées dans cette thèse.
Nos différentes expériences et expérimentations nous ont conduits à proposer, comme première contribution, une formalisation à un niveau général de l'apprentissage interactif de connaissances en RÀPC (FIKA). Cette formalisation repose sur les échecs de raisonnement qui, puisqu'ils permettent de mettre en évidence les lacunes dans les connaissances disponibles, sont utilisés pour guider le processus d'apprentissage. Deux extensions de ce modèle général ont été proposées : IAKA et FRAKAS.
IAKA raffine les principes proposés par FIKA pour permettre leur mise en ?uvre immédiate dans une certaine catégorie de systèmes où les connaissances peuvent être représentées selon un modèle donné (cas et connaissances d'adaptation représentées par des opérateurs d'adaptation). Ces principes ont été implantés et expérimentés dans une application développée à des seules fins expérimentales.
FRAKAS propose des méthodes et outils similaires pour une autre catégorie de systèmes ou les connaissances du domaines sont utilisées pour guider l'adaptation. Ces principes ont, quant à eux, été implantés dans un prototype inspiré d'une application réelle.
IAKA et FRAKAS, les deux extensions de l'approche FIKA, présentent des forces et des limites, une réflexion quant à leur intégration possible à donc été menée. Une première tentative pratique d'intégration a été mise en ?uvre dans une application de RÀPC permettant l'adaptation de recettes de cuisine : le logiciel TAAABLE.
Razmerita, Liana. „Modèle utilisateur et modélisation utilisateur dans les systèmes de gestion des connaissances : une approche fondée sur les ontologies“. Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30179.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoulet, Lucie. „Modélisation de l'apprenant avec une approche par compétences dans le cadre d'environnement d'apprentissage en ligne“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJeyasothy, Adulam. „Génération d'explications post-hoc personnalisées“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is in the field of eXplainable AI (XAI). We focus on post-hoc interpretability methods that aim to explain to a user the prediction for a specific data made by a trained decision model. To increase the interpretability of explanations, this thesis studies the integration of user knowledge into these methods, and thus aims to improve the understandability of the explanation by generating personalized explanations tailored to each user. To this end, we propose a general formalism that explicitly integrates knowledge via a new criterion in the interpretability objectives. This formalism is then declined for different types of knowledge and different types of explanations, particularly counterfactual examples, leading to the proposal of several algorithms (KICE, Knowledge Integration in Counterfactual Explanation, rKICE for its variant including knowledge expressed by rules and KISM, Knowledge Integration in Surrogate Models). The issue of aggregating classical quality and knowledge compatibility constraints is also studied, and we propose to use Gödel's integral as an aggregation operator. Finally, we discuss the difficulty of generating a single explanation suitable for all types of users and the notion of diversity in explanations
Mghirbi, Rim. „Agrégation des résultats dans les systèmes de recherche d’information pair-à-pair non structurés“. Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TELE0003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA huge part of the impetus of various internet technologies through the Peer-to-Peer (Peer-to-Peer or P2P) system can be seen as a reaction to the content centering detriment on the servers in front of passive clients. One of the distinctive features of any P2P system is what we often call direct connectivity between equal peers. The Peer-to-Peer increased the exchange flows between dynamic communities of users which tend to grow rapidly. We talk, therefore, about large-scale distributed systems in which the exchanged, shared and sought information reaches a more and more impressive volumes. Solving the aggregation problem in P2PIR systems the same way as its resolution in Distributed Information Retrieval (DIR) will miss a lot of intelligibility. In fact, the context has changed in RIP2P, given the scale factor and the lack of a global vision of the system in these networks that extend naturally to thousands or even millions peers. This will involve the removal of a broker server that is inadequate in this context and will raise the problem of finding new policies to aggregate results coming from heterogeneous peers in a single list while reflecting the user’s expectations. All these reasons prompted us to explore an aggregation mechanism based on user profiles deduced from their past behavior due to their interaction with query results. Our contributions, in this thesis, focus on two complementary axes. First, we propose a new vision of results aggregation in a large scale system. In this context, a profiles model and a hybrid score profiles-based approach are proposed. Second, we focused on the development of an evaluation framework of our approach in large-scale systems. In this thesis, we are mainly interested in the Information Retrieval problem in P2P systems (P2PIR) and focusing more specifically on the problem of results’ aggregation in such systems
Piantanida, Pablo. „THÉORIE DE L'INFORMATION MULTI-UTILISATEUR : INFORMATION ADJACENTE ET CONNAISSANCE IMPARFAITE DU CANAL“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168330.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans cette thèse, nous introduisons d'abord la notion de "estimation-induced outage capacity" pour des canaux mono-utilisateur, où lémetteur et le récepteur \oe uvrent dans le but de construire des codes assurant une communication fiable avec une certaine qualité de service (QoS), quel que soit le degré d'exactitude de l'estimation qui apparaît au cours de la transmission. Dans notre cas, la contrainte sur la qualité de service permet d'atteindre les taux souhaités avec une probabilité d'erreur faible (le service de communication visé), même dans le cas où les estimations du canal sont mauvaises. Nos résultats fournissent une notion intuitive de l'impact des estimations et des caractéristiques du canal (e.g. SNR, taille des séquences d'apprentissage, voies de retour) sur le taux de coupure.
Ensuite, le décodeur optimal atteignant cette capacité est étudié. Nous nous focalisons sur les familles de décodeurs qui peuvent être implémentées sur la plupart des systèmes pratiques de modulation codée. Nous nous basons sur le décodeur théorique qui atteint la capacité, pour obtenir une métrique practique de décodage pour des canaux sans mémoire arbitraires qui minimise la probabilité d'erreur de transmission moyennée sur toutes les erreurs d'estimation du canal. Cette métrique est ensuite appliquée au cas des canaux MIMO à évanouissements. D'après notre notion du taux de coupure, nous déterminons le taux maximal d'information atteignable associé au décodeur proposé. Les résultats numériques montrent que, sans introduire de complexité additionnelle dans le décodage, la métrique proposée fournit des gains significatifs, en termes de taux d'information atteignables et de taux d'erreur binaire (BER), dans le cas de modulation codée à bits entrelacés (BICM).
Nous considérons ensuite les effets d'une estimation imparfaite connue par les récepteurs avec (ou sans) connaissance imparfaite à lémetteur sur la capacité de canaux dépendant d'états avec information adjacente non-causale à lémetteur. Ceci est abordé via la notion de communication fiable basée sur la probabilité d'erreur moyennée sur toutes les erreurs d'estimation du canal. Cette notion nous permet de considérer la capacité d'un canal composé (plus bruité) de type Gelfand et Pinsker. Nous obtenons le schéma de codage optimal de type "Dirty-paper coding (DPC)" qui atteint la capacité (sous l'hypothèse d'entrées Gaussiennes) du canal à évanouissements de type Costa. Les résultats illustrent le compromis pratique entre la quantité d'apprentissage du canal et son impact sur les performances de l'annulation d'interférences du schéma DPC. Cette approche nous permet d'étudier la région de capacité de canaux MIMO multi-utilisateur de diffusion à évanouissements (MIMO-BC), où les mobiles (les récepteurs) disposent uniquement d'une estimation bruitée des paramètres du canal, et ces estimations sont (ou non) disponibles à la station de base (l'émetteur). Nous observons en particulier, le résultat surprenant que pour ce canal de diffusion avec une antenne unique à l'émetteur et aux récepteurs et des estimées imparfaites du canal connues aux récepteurs, une connaissance de ses estimées à l'émetteur n'est pas nécessaire pour atteindre des taux élevés.
Finalement, nous présentons plusieurs schémas réalisables de type DPC pour l'insertion de l'information multi-utilisateur en soulignant leur relation étroite avec la théorie de l'information multi-utilisateur. Nous montrons d'abord qu'en fonction de l'application visée et des conditions requises sur les différents messages en termes de robustesse et de transparence, il y a un parallèle entre l'insertion de l'information multi-utilisateur et les canaux multi-utilisateur avec information adjacente à l'émetteur. Nous nous focalisons sur les canaux de diffusion Gaussiens (GBC) et sur les canaux Gaussiens à accès multiples (MAC). Ceci consiste en une conception commune de schémas de codage pratiques de type DPC basés sur les solutions théoriques correspondant à ces canaux. Ces résultats étendent les implémentations pratiques de type QIM, DC-QIM et SCS initialement conçues pour un utilisateur au cas de plusieurs utilisateurs. Nous montrons que l'écart avec les performances optimales (les régions de capacités) peut être minimisé en utilisant des mots de code basés sur un réseau maillé de dimension finie.
Piantanida, Juan Pablo. „Théorie de l'information multi-utilisateur : information adjacente et connaissance imparfaite du canal“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe capacity of single and multi-user channels under imperfect channel knowledge are investigated. We address these channel mismatch scenarios by introducing two novel notions of reliable communication under channel estimation errors, for which we provide an associated coding theorem and its corresponding converse. Basically, we exploit for our purpose an interesting feature of channel estimation through use of pilot symbols. This feature is the availability of the statistic characterizing the quality of channel estimates. We first introduce the notion of estimation-induced outage capacity, where the transmitter and the receiver strive to construct codes for ensuring reliable communication with a quality-of-service, no matter which degree of accuracy estimation arises during a transmission. Then the optimal decoder achieving this capacity is investigated. We derive a practical decoding metric and its achievable rates, for arbitrary memoryless channels that minimizes the average of the transmission error probability over all channel estimation errors. We next consider the effects of imperfect channel estimation at the receivers with imperfect (or without) channel knowledge at the transmitter on the capacity of state-dependent channels withe non-causal CSI at the transmitter (e. G. The multi-user Fading MIMO Broadcast Channel). We address this through the notion of reliable communication based on the average of the transmission error probability over all channel estimation erros. Finally, we consider several implementable DPC schemes for multi-user information embedding, through emphasizing their tight relationship with conventional multi-user information theory
Serrano, Laurie. „Vers une capitalisation des connaissances orientée utilisateur : extraction et structuration automatiques de l'information issue de sources ouvertes“. Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to the considerable increase of freely available data (especially on the Web), the discovery of relevant information from textual content is a critical challenge. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) specialists are particularly concerned by this phenomenon as they try to mine large amounts of heterogeneous information to acquire actionable intelligence. This collection process is still largely done by hand in order to build knowledge sheets summarizing all the knowledge acquired about a specific entity. Given this context, the main goal of this thesis work is to reduce and facilitate the daily work of intelligence analysts. For this sake, our researches revolve around three main axis: knowledge modeling, text mining and knowledge gathering. We explored the literature related to these different domains to develop a global knowledge gathering system. Our first contribution is the building of a domain ontology dedicated to knowledge representation for OSINT purposes and that comprises a specific definition and modeling of the event concept for this domain. Secondly, we have developed and evaluated an event recognition system which is based on two different extraction approaches: the first one is based on hand-crafted rules and the second one on a frequent pattern learning technique. As our third contribution, we proposed a semantic aggregation process as a necessary post-processing step to enhance the quality of the events extracted and to convert extraction results into actionable knowledge. This is achieved by means of multiple similarity measures between events, expressed according a qualitative scale which has been designed following our final users' needs
Roy, Thibault. „Visualisations interactives pour l'aide personnalisée à l'interprétation d'ensembles documentaires“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176825.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette thèse, prenant place en Traitement Automatique des Langues, a pour objectif d'aider les utilisateurs dans de telles situations.
Les systèmes traditionnellement proposés (tels les moteurs de recherche) ne donnent pas toujours satisfaction aux utilisateurs pour des tâches répétées, prenant peu en considération leur point de vue et leurs interactions avec le matériau textuel.
Nous proposons dans cette thèse que la personnalisation et l'interaction soient au centre de nouveaux outils d'aide pour l'accès au contenu d'ensembles de textes.
Ainsi, nous représentons le point de vue de l'utilisateur sur ses domaines d'intérêt par des ensembles de termes décrits et organisés selon un modèle de sémantique lexicale différentielle.
Nous exploitons de telles représentations pour construire des supports cartographiques d'interactions entre l'utilisateur et l'ensemble de textes, supports lui permettant de visualiser des regroupements, des liens et des différences entre textes de l'ensemble, et ainsi d'appréhender son contenu.
Afin d'opérationnaliser de telles propositions, nous avons mis au point la plate-forme ProxiDocs.
Différentes validations de la plate-forme, prenant place dans des contextes pluridisciplinaires variés allant notamment de la recherche d'information sur Internet à l'étude d'expressions métaphoriques, ont ainsi permis de dégager la valeur ajoutée de nos propositions.
Julien, David. „Goliath : un environnement à base de modèles et d'agents pour la conception d'interfaces utilisateur“. Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMontoya, David. „Une base de connaissance personnelle intégrant les données d'un utilisateur et une chronologie de ses activités“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTypical Internet users today have their data scattered over several devices, applications, and services. Managing and controlling one's data is increasingly difficult. In this thesis, we adopt the viewpoint that the user should be given the means to gather and integrate her data, under her full control. In that direction, we designed a system that integrates and enriches the data of a user from multiple heterogeneous sources of personal information into an RDF knowledge base. The system is open-source and implements a novel, extensible framework that facilitates the integration of new data sources and the development of new modules for deriving knowledge. We first show how user activity can be inferred from smartphone sensor data. We introduce a time-based clustering algorithm to extract stay points from location history data. Using data from additional mobile phone sensors, geographic information from OpenStreetMap, and public transportation schedules, we introduce a transportation mode recognition algorithm to derive the different modes and routes taken by the user when traveling. The algorithm derives the itinerary followed by the user by finding the most likely sequence in a linear-chain conditional random field whose feature functions are based on the output of a neural network. We also show how the system can integrate information from the user's email messages, calendars, address books, social network services, and location history into a coherent whole. To do so, it uses entity resolution to find the set of avatars used by each real-world contact and performs spatiotemporal alignment to connect each stay point with the event it corresponds to in the user's calendar. Finally, we show that such a system can also be used for multi-device and multi-system synchronization and allow knowledge to be pushed to the sources. We present extensive experiments
Goudreau, Alain. „Perceptions des gestionnaires sur les impacts de l'informatique utilisateur et sur les connaissances informatiques requises pour son encadrement“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8224.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLini, Sami. „L'anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique : L'anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWillamowski, Jutta. „Modélisation de tâches pour la résolution de problèmes en coopération système-utilisateur“. Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLemaire, Florence. „Une structure terminologique pour améliorer l'intelligibilité d'une base de connaissances scientifiques“. Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0171.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLini, Sami. „L’anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique : L’anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14843/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCivil aviation pursues the objective of moving people or goods through the air with an optimal level of safety. For more than thirty years, despite a stricter and stricter regulatory framework and highly reliable automation, the ratio between performance and acceptable risk is not improving anymore.Human factors are a major action lever to break this glass floor. In the constrained context of aviation, designing tools aiming at assisting pilots’ cognition is thus a promising direction. Anticipation has been identified central in the process of cognitive resources management. In a human factors engineering approach, we undertook the design of an anticipation support tool involving pilots at each step of the development.From an activity analysis performed on the basis of in-cockpit recordings and interviews we constructed a model of the actual pilots’ activity during the descent and approach phases on Rio de Janeiro airport. The state of the art highlighted the key elements related to anticipation which could take benefit of a preliminary experiment. Experimental results brought together with our hypotheses about how anticipation works completed the requirements of the functional core of our anticipation support tool. A dynamic planning algorithm was then designed and implemented within ASAP (Anticipation Support for Aeronautical Planning), Thales Avionics’ proof of concept. 36 commercial pilots took part to its evaluation in a simulated environment
Garrot, Élise. „Plate-forme support à l'interconnexion de communautés de pratique ( ICP ) : application au tutorat avec TE-Cap“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research work related to Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) is more specifically turned towards tutoring, a fundamental activity in education. However, the existing definitions of tutoring are unsatisfactorlly and this practice is very poorly institutionalized. Starting from the analysis of the tutors' needs defined during a theoretical and a ground study, we suggest designing the TE-Cap ("Tutoring Experience Capitalization ») platform, based on the concept of Communities of Practice (CaP). We adapt a co-adaptive design approach which allow us to develop the platform little by little, as needs become clearer. This platform enables the tutors to exchange and confront there experiences. They are thus brought to develop skills and expertise, in an informal and creative way by mutual aid and collaboration. Thes exchanges will also enable the tutors to find new approaches to solve problems. Built on a madel of lnterconnection of CaPs (ICP) and proposed as an extension of the concept of Constellation of CaPs (CCP), the platform uses a knowledge classification inspired by the Knowledge Management and Web 2. 0 principles. This ICP madel is applied ta tutoring in the TE-Cap platform but can also be applied to any set of actors practicing the same activity. Our system is made to accelerate knowledge creation in the actors' local context (the education institution or the company) as well as at a globallevel of the activity. The human-machine interface displays the knowledge base in a spatial and interactive way so as to allaw the users to add and retrieve knowledge in an efficient way. This is possible thanks to an indexation model adapted to the identified community. [. . . ]
Silue, Siaka. „Une contribution pour l'aide à la gestion d'un système à base de connaissance“. Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZanello, Marie-Laure. „Contribution à la connaissance sur l'utilisation et la gestion de l'interface multimodale“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLtifi, Hela. „Démarche centrée utilisateur pour la conception de SIAD basés sur un processus d'Extraction de Connaissances à partir de Données : application à la lutte contre les infections nosocomiales“. Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630296.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharfi, Selem. „Définition et test d'un outil d'aide à l'évaluation de systèmes à architecture à base d'agent, par approche à base de connaissances“. Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00847959.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrzesiak, Frédéric. „Représentation des connaissances et techniques d'inférence pour le maniement d'objets graphiques : application au Système-Expert SYNOP“. Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fd5e5639-ec92-4d3d-96e8-98f6c14c5743.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesfriches, Doria Orélie. „La classification à facettes pour la gestion des connaissances métier : méthodologie d'élaboration de FolkClassifications à facettes“. Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesfriches, Doria Orélie. „La classification à facettes pour la gestion des connaissances métier : méthodologie d’élaboration de FolkClassifications à facettes“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0903/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe address Knowledge Organization and Knowldege Management general issues and we present the basic principles for the development of faceted classifications. Then we introduce a synthesis of existing methods to develop this kind of classification. Next we propose an analysis of effects of Information Systems on information management activities. By doing this, we produce an analysis of the concept of activity inspired by Activity Theory, occupational psychology and french ergonomics. A presentation of Hypertagging prototype developed in the frame of Miipa-Doc research project, based on users tagging and structured by faceted classification principles, is provided. Our experiment about generating faceted classification for document management activities is detailed. Finally, we expose our method for the development of faceted classification for Knowledge Management purposes in the context of specific trades. This Knowledge Management approach is incorporated in Knowledge Organization activities
Adam, Sébastien. „Interprétation de Documents Techniques : des Outils à leur Intégration dans un Système à Base de Connaissances“. Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNóbrega, Germana Menezes da. „Une approche dialectique à la formation de théories : aspects conceptuels, formels et pragmatiques dans le cadre de l'apprentissage humain“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePloix, Damien. „Elaboration, réalisation et évaluation d'un environnement de programmation analogique“. Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081532.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents an original method for the specification of analogical program representations, our programming environment. Zeugma, which is built upon this method and its evaluation through the presentations of some examples of analogical program representations. Zeugma offers users the opportunity to build their own program representations using their own familiar analogies or metaphors, to experiment them on programs and to use them as new components of a programming environment. Our method for analogical program representation specification considers the mapping, following analogical links, between aspects of the program's composition or behavior and characteristics describing representations. Thus, source code, control or data flow or run-time elements will determine characteristics of the generated represetation such as color, position, size, orientation and animation of objects present in a graphical scene. The selection of the characteristics used in a particular representation will depend on intended use as, for instance, giving help during the discovery of an unknow program, search for optimisation or algorithm animation. We will present examples of analogical representations illustrating these uses. Zeugma is the only program visualization system implementing a method to create analogical representations useful as well for program and for algorithm animation as for graphical programming environment. This research aims toward the construction of an integrated analogical programming environment adapted to interfaces actually under development
Cortes, Buitrago Gloria. „Simulations et contrôle pédagogique : architectures logicielles réutilisables“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10165.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHacker, Janine. „Discovering knowledge actor roles in enterprise social network : towards a better understanding of knowledge-in-practice“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH9113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnterprise Social Networks (ESN) have emerged as an important technology for knowledge management. Prior research suggests different knowledge management-related roles in offline informal organisational networks. On the other hand, the topic of user roles receives a lot of attention in social media research with regards to public online social spaces. As for ESN, it is not clear to what extent platform users engage in different use practices and how combinations of use practices relevant in the context of knowledge work contribute to different user roles, that is, ESN knowledge actor roles. Addressing this gap, this thesis seeks to answer the following research question: Which knowledge actor roles emerge from interactions on ESN platforms and how can these roles be discovered?As a first step, this thesis derives a literature-based ESN knowledge actor role reference model by drawing on knowledge management research, organisation science, and social media research. Next, a unique dataset from a large Australian professional services firm is utilised within an in-depth case study. Contrasting the literature-based reference model and the roles discovered within the case study, an integrated ESN knowledge actor role framework is developed.This thesis contributes to the stream of ESN data analytics by developing a set of metrics to conceptualise user behaviour based on a quantitative approach. Secondly, it adds to the body of literature on social roles in online social spaces by proposing a theory of ESN knowledge actor roles. Concerning implications for practice, a notion of ESN user roles helps companies to recognise the different ways in which users contribute to ESN
Kolski, Christophe. „Contribution à l'ergonomie de conception des interfaces graphiques homme-machine dans les procédés industriels : application au système expert SYNOP“. Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/48d8d47d-0900-46b2-8537-b0a89714a0d9.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe doctoral thesis concerns the development and validation of the SYNOP expert system for the ergonomic evaluation and improvement of graphic views used in control rooms of industrial processes SYNOP uses a first-order inference engine and the concepts of frame and semantic network for knowledge representation. It is written in LISP language. Its knowledge bases contain ergonomic concepts for information presentation on graphic screens. Its evaluation module, as well as its expert and user interfaces, are detailed. The principles for developing and validating its ergonomic knowledge bases are explained. The thesis also describes the contribution of the SYNOP expert system to the evaluation and improvement of a graphical user interface in an industrial context. The thesis ends with several research perspectives
El, Sarraj Lama. „Exploitation d'un entrepôt de données guidée par des ontologies : application au management hospitalier“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4331.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is situated in the domain of Data Warehouses (DW) personalization and concerns DW assistance. Specifically, we are interested in assisting a user during an online analysis processes to use existing operational resources. The application of this research concerns hospital management, for hospitals governance, and is limited to the scope of the Program of Medicalization of Information Systems (PMSI). This research was supported by the Public Hospitals of Marseille (APHM). Our proposal is a semantic approach based on ontologies. The support system implementing this approach, called Ontology-based Personalization System (OPS), is based on a knowledge base operated by a personalization engine. The knowledge base is composed of three ontologies: a domain ontology, an ontology of the DW structure, and an ontology of resources. The personalization engine allows firstly, a personalized search of resources of the DW based on users profile, and secondly for a particular resource, an expansion of the research by recommending new resources based on the context of the resource. To recommend new resources, we have proposed three possible strategies. To validate our proposal, a prototype of the OPS system was developed, a personalization engine has been implemented in Java. This engine exploit an OWL knowledge composed of three interconnected OWL ontologies. We illustrate three experimental scenarios related to PMSI and defined with APHM domain experts
Tolosa, Santiago. „Un programme interactif pour la liaison assistee de regles avec l'exterieur et la description de systemes experts“. Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMathieu, Bertrand. „Potacco : noeud polymorphique transparent pour l'adaptation de contenu adapté au contexte“. Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812520.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the evolution of fixed and mobile networks, the increasing number of diversified devices, it is now possible to access any type of services, from any type of devices, being connected to any type of networks. By adding the wish of users to receive personalized contents, adapting content has become a major problem. To help to reach this goal, this thesis defines an intermediate flexible node, allowing dynamic adaptation of any type of content depending on the context of the users. This study resulted in the definition of a node architecture, called Potacco (for noeud POlymorphique Transparent pour l'Adaptation de Contenu adapté au COntexte, in French or Transparent Polymorphic node for content adaptation to the context in English) and its implementation and validation. This node: · collects and provides current context information to enable application modules to make adaptation based on such values · manages/coordinates the application modules and the context collectors (e. G. Context sensors) · enables the secured deployment of code in the node (the supplier code, but also the target node are authenticated) · may be transparent to the applications and may process data without no mean for the endpoints to detect it. Two demonstrators have been implemented as a proof of concept of this generic node being located in a physical network: as a wired/wireless gateway performing media content adaptation and as a node in an ADSL network inserting transparently the users’ context. Then, the use of that node in "overlay" networks has been the subject of a new proof of concept. Two cases were studied: the first one for the provisioning of services adapted to the user’s context in a service specific overlay network service, where a case of a personalized IPTV service is presented, and the second one related to the content adaptation of multimedia stream broadcasted on a P2P network where the Potacco node itself is a member of the P2P network. Validation by simulation and real experiments, permitted to evaluate these solutions
Bourgeois, Serge. „Contribution à la conception de systèmes interactifs d'aide à l'ordonnancement dans les ateliers manufacturiers“. Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/62fb3065-e211-45f7-8fe3-99a2a22b0f8c.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGendron, Élise. „Cadre conceptuel pour l’élaboration d’indicateurs de collaboration à partir des traces d’activité“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10279/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of the research carried is to facilitate collaborative activities in knowledge management software. More particularly, we aim to improve collaborative activities by the implementation of indicators. We intend thus to facilitate the progression of one or several implemented collaborative processes and to support the social networks within the activities. For that purpose, we propose to observe the users’ activity by providing collaboration indicators calculated from the digital traces of activities. The first objective of this thesis is to identify the characteristics of the collaboration indicators. In order to make the best possible use of indicators, we propose a classification composed of six main independent characteristics which correspond to the fundamental elements for the elaboration of collaboration indicators. This classification supplies us with indications to build, model and set up an indicator in a collaborative environment such as those studied in the context of the project. Moreover, this thesis presents a framework for the management of indicators based on a user-centred approach. Indeed, by observing the current use of indicators in platforms of knowledge management, we realized that the process of elaboration and acceptance was long and complex. Consequently, when an indicator is established in an environment and when it works properly, it is interesting to reuse it in other contexts. This reusing can be done entirely or partially. We thus propose a type of modeling which takes into account the reuse issues as well as those of the personalization and adaptation of indicators according to the user and\or to the context of the activity. In our approach, the indicators are calculated from the activity traces left by the users. To facilitate the implementation of these indicators, we have developed a tool which assists the users during the elaboration of indicators: GINDIC (Generator of INDICATORS). With this tool, the designers are able to build indicators: their definition, the calculations made on traces to obtain the indicator value, and their displaying. We have chosen to manage indicators by using a rules-based system, where traces are facts, whereas the calculation processes for indicators are rules. This thesis has been written within the framework of a project financed by the French National Research Agency entitled ProCoGeC (Collaborative Software package of Management of Knowledge). A rules-based language was compared with the needs of the ProCoGeC project. It helps us to describe the calculation processes for all indicators stemming from the users’ requirements. An experiment with the tool has been carried out with one of the industrial partners of the project, who is the client of a collaborative platform of knowledge management
Aberkane, Idriss Jamil. „Mind Ergonomy for the Knowledge Economy : software Neuroergonomics and Biomimetics for the Knowledge Economy. Why? How? What?“ Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCould we flow knowledge faster and better? Why is this a problem in the first place? How can we tackle it technologically? What could be a prototype solution? This work unifies these questions in the outline of a single, refutable paradigm of noodynamics - the study of knowledge flows - and nooconomics, the economy of knowledge. This paradigm will answer the question “Why”. Neuroergonomics (“brain ergonomics”), and biomimicry, will be summoned in answer to the question “How”. Their contribution will follow from the simplest knowledge flow equation that is proposed in this work. Two original optimisation problems are also posed in software neuroergonomics and biomimetics: the Mindscape and Serendipity Problem. A case of theoretical neuroergonomics, or neuroergonomics ex ante is proposed with the study of Hyperwriting, a written grapheme-loceme association, or a glyphic method for externalising spatial memory. Its application to the design of user interface will finally found neuroergonomic design, or neuromimicry, with the example of a collegial interface to augment multiscale knowledge flows: Chréage. The anatomy of this prototype mindscape will be the conclusion of this work, and its answer to the question “What”?