Dissertationen zum Thema „Confort textile“
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Kaleem, ullah Hafiz Muhammad. „Développement de fibres bicomposantes innovantes pour le textile de confort thermique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CLIL0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is part of Interreg European Project between Haute de France and Belgium. The project is called Photonitex. The aim of this project is to develop a personal thermal regulation intelligent textile that dynamically controls skin temperature. This work was done in collaboration between Centre Européen des Textiles Innovants (CETI) and School National Superior of Textile Arts and Industries (ENSAIT).The objective of this thesis is to develop a bicomponent fibers for thermal comfort textile. The literature review was done to select the most suitable polymer materials that are commonly used in textile industry. In addition, based on the literature review, the design of the trilobal bicomponent fibers was finalized to realize the dynamic thermal comfort textile. Moreover, used polymer materials must exhibit hydrophilic difference to achieve the dynamic thermal properties in fabrics. The inner material of this bicomponent trilobal fiber must be more hydrophilic than the outer material. PA6 and PA6-6 were selected as hydrophilic core and PET hydrophobic outer material for trilobal bicomponent filaments. However, PA6 and PA6-6 are incompatible and immiscible to PET. The major challenge to achieve the desired bicomponent fibers is to acquire a sufficient adhesion at the interface to avoid the pre-splitting or separation between these two polymer materials. In order to improve their miscibility at the interface PA12 was added in PA6 and PA6-6 at 5, 10, 15% wt % via polymer compounding process. In order to produce trilobal bicomponent filament via coextrusion melt spinning process, rheological behavior of the used polymer materials play an important role. To select the most suitable materials for trilobal bicomponent fiber, rheological studies were conducted on pure and polymer blends using capillary rheometer. In addition, hydrophilic properties of each polymer and their blends were also tested on knitted fabrics with contact angle and wicking measurements. To evaluate the effect of PA12 on PET and PA6 interfacial adhesion, bicomponent PET/PA6 sheath/core fibers were produced via melt spinning process and interfacial adhesion was investigated through techniques (tensile test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), Wide Angle Xray Diffraction (WAXD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)). Based on the obtained results from the above mentioned techniques, the most suitable composition was produced in trilobal bicomponent fibers for thermal comfort fabrics. Simulation studies were also performed using Compuplast 3D FEM software to optimize the melt spinning process settings and produce trilobal bicomponent fibers.The textile made out of such innovative bicomponent fibers will show a self-actuation phenomenon are autonomous, self-empowered, and adaptive to the environment. This will help to mitigate the higher energy consumptions by conventional indoor heating, cooling, and ventilation systems and eventually minimizes the global energy consumptions and climate issues
Bedek, Gauthier. „Elaboration et conception d’une structure textile auto-rafraichissante“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10191/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this study is to design a self-refreshing textile structure. The first objective is to define the specifications of the product. After a state of the art on all existing technologies, it was revealed that none can correspond to the definition of a self-refreshing smart textile. It is proposed to develop an energy-absorbing material of the body at the onset of cutaneous evaporative phenomena.After a study of all materials which can store energy, it is studied the physico-chemical properties of materials absorbing the energy by dissolution with water. Among these polyols, especially xylitol is selected to be integrated within a fabric. From the properties of xylitol, it is developed a process of encapsulation by interfacial polymerization to form a network of poly (urea-urethane). Thus, it is proposed to protect xylitol by a microporous shell that ensures the transfer of moisture. The influence of synthesis parameters shows that it is possible to alter both the morphology, chemical structure, and the rate of encapsulated xylitol. He is chosen a synthesis of microcapsules having an enthalpy of dissolution at 35 ° C of 124.5 J.g-1. From the mode of transfer of particular microparticles against their environment, the microparticles are grafted onto different knitting fabrics. The measurement of the enthalpy of mixing with water revealed the action of dissolution. Furthermore, physiological modelling has led to give us precise data on the behaviour of the material against thermophysioloy reactions. All these results are intended to demonstrate the effectiveness of cooling on thermal sensation in hot environment or during intensive activity
Marolleau, Adeline. „Étude des mécanismes d’interaction sous-vêtement/peau pour concevoir des textiles innovants en optimisant le confort au porté“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this study is to understand, analyze and document the hydric mechanisms of undergarment/skin interaction in a transient regime. No apparatus makes it possible to study dynamic water transfers through textiles taking into account the effect of the microclimate; the air gap between the skin and the textile. A measuring bench is being built to solve this problem. Thanks to this device, it is possible to discriminate textile samples according to the chemical nature of the fibres. The transfer rate of water vapour molecules during desorption and the precise time at which this phenomenon begins provide information on the water management of textiles. In parallel, a fibre-scale study, using DVS (Dynamic Vapor Sorption) test, measures the amount of water stored and released by textiles. The modelled results allow us to know, at a given humidity level, the water-fibre interaction mechanisms involved. All the methods developed in this study provide elements to understand the results obtained during wear tests; and more precisely on the ability of fabrics to dry out or maintain a certain humidity on the skin surface
Bahrar, Myriam. „Contribution au développement et à l’analyse d’une enveloppe de bâtiment multifonctionnelle dans le cadre de l’optimisation du confort dans l’habitat“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEE001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe building sector has a great potential to improve energy efficiency and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Improvements to the building envelope and Innovations in building materials have the potential to achieve sustainability within the built environment. This PhD thesis focuses on the development of multifunctional façade elements in order to optimize the building energy consumption while maintaining an optimal indoor human thermal comfort. The proposed solution consist of using passive storage by means of phase change materials associated with alternative construction materials such as textile reinforced concrete (TRC). The aim of the study is to characterize mechanical and thermal properties of TRC composites and to evaluate the effect of PCMs on indoor thermal comfort. To meet these objectives, experimental devices have been set up for the characterization (at the component scale and in situ) of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of different TRC panels. In parallel, we have developed a numerical model for the prediction of wall temperature profiles. Finally, a multi-objective optimization of the façade elements is carried out using genetic algorithms to determine the better combinations able to combine the energy performance with the mechanical performance
Morel, Aude. „Gestion des transferts thermiques et hydriques au sein d’une structure multicouche textile : développement d’une membrane pour application EPI“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10124/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study aims at developing a thermosensitive membrane allowing the water vapor to cross with a function of the temperature to enhance the comfort and the safety of firefighters. Membranes with different chemical structure were synthesized from segmented polyurethane. The influence of the polyol type and its length, and the hard segment content was studied. Two kinds of mechanisms were identified depending on the chemical structure as a bulk modification and a surface modification, that change moisture management properties. Afterwards, membranes were pressed on a textile for higher mechanical properties. The purpose of the final product is to be made inside the firefighter’s personal protective equipment, between the underwear and the jacket. The systems membrane-textile keep the properties of the membrane and present controlled water vapor permeability with the function of the temperature
Fabris, Jonas Pedro. „Conforto térmico na indústria têxtil“. Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T14:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 207175.pdf: 1853926 bytes, checksum: fab97abed24e40330a331a9b029bcc7f (MD5)
Koehl, Ludovic Zeng Xianyi. „Optimisation de la qualité et du confort des produits textiles par exploitation de données physiques et de la connaissance humaine“. Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 545. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 82-85. Liste des publications et communications.
Armand, Anne. „Le texte du conflit dans le théâtre de Marguerite de Navarre“. Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArmand, Anne. „Le Texte du conflit dans le théatre de Marguerite de Navarre“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594462p.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleViallon, Maud. „Réalisation et caractérisation de membranes polymères microstructurées capables de moduler leurs propriétés de réflexion dans le domaine du moyen infrarouge : application aux textiles pour le confort thermique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is the manufacturing of polymer membranes that can be complexed to a textile to improve the thermal comfort felt. They must be able to dynamically modulate their optical properties in the mid-infrared (MIR) according to the environmental conditions.The first part of this work presents the theoretical notions related to thermal comfort and both physical mechanisms hydric and thermal transfers through the textile membranes. A state of the art makes it possible to identify the existing technologies. The concept of photonic crystals and their application in the field of infrared medium are presented. This part ends with the establishment of specifications for the design of a structured polymer membrane using the principle of photonic crystals to modulate the interaction of human thermal radiation.The second part of this work describes the method of finite differences in time domain simulation (FDTD) used to predict the optical properties of micro-structured membranes as function of their geometric characteristics. A first realization in polycrystalline silicon authorizes the validation of the numerical model calibration as well as the protocol of the infrared characterization. The manufacturing process uses cleanroom technologies from microelectronics and microsystems.The last part of this work is devoted to the study by FDTD of microstructured polymer membranes from the previously calibrated 'in-silico' model. This study makes it possible to define geometrical parameters able to modulate the reflection of the infrared having a wavelength between 5 and 15 microns. A manufacturing process is developed which makes it possible to realize self-supporting structured membranes to the appropriate dimensions
Abbas, Wedian. „Contribution à l’étude et l’évaluation de la qualité et du confort au porter de produits confectionnés : Cas de la chemise homme“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH4414/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays there is a growing interest in the relation between the textile materials and human being, and the comfort has become much more important to consumers. For this reason our work is based on optimization of the characterization of the comfort (wearing comfort) in relation with the fabrics used to produce men’s shirts. To achieve this study, several methods of analysis have been used:- Instrumental analysis: To measure mechanical properties, classical characterization tools have been used to measure:Mechanical properties (shear, bending, compression, friction and surface) Thermal comfort (warm-cool sensation)Physical properties (air permeability, capillary absorption ... etc. . .). - Sensory analysis: Thanks to the trained panel that has been developed and used since 2001 at LPMT, the quantitative descriptive evaluation of the selected product using has been carried out.- Hedonic Analysis: Evaluation of comfort by consumer surveys.- Marketing study: To investigate the influence of the brand or some innovative mention like “anti-sweat ring” on the comfort evaluation of fabrics, in comparison with the evaluation realized by touching or by touching-seeing.- Blocks analysis: it aims to optimize the processes of product development, taking in consideration the requested consumer’s satisfactions especially in term of comfort. It consists of studying the relation between the block parameters and the mechanical properties of the fabric used to produce the product.This combination of analysis allows us to have a new conception procedure for the development of clothing product taking in account the comfort and the consumer’s expectation particularly in the men shirt development
Abo, Shana Hayder. „Montherlant tragique : construction et déconstruction du texte dramatique“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHenry de Montherlant was a prolific writer for more than fifty years. His attitude and his provocative positions have entailed a confusion on his writing. His behaviour and the diversity of his work, from which it is impossible to extract one clear moral has aroused interests from the critics. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the author’s dramaturgy to determine one precise meaning.Writing play grounded on dialogue was an opportunity for Montherlant to establish and comfort his rank as a writer, an artist who only cares for his words. His method consisted in creating specific style which helped him to avoid criticism. In fact, the purpose is to affirm and contradict, to do and undo, to construct and deconstruct his words in the text. Our study reveals this ambiguous but necessary movement for the literary work, through the essential elements of the dramatic text. We can infer from the text of Montherlant that there is only one truth : everything which is built is intended for the endless destruction. Nothing is stable in this theatre, everything goes away and everything is doomed for emptiness. This style becomes a leading principle that drives the author’s writing logically and inevitably to a tragic dimension. Thus writing on nothing, on emptiness and on tragic, is a way for Montherlant to escape from the melancholy of non writing. From this point of view, the author’s personal quest is to seek, relentlessly, his literary identity, always gravitating in the circle of literature because: “you have to scarify everything to be able to keep on expressing yourself”. The author wants to reach a very precise goal which is to be true to himself as an artist : “I will deny myself to find me, I will destroy myself to reach me”
Khaustova, Darya. „Objective assessment of stereoscopic video quality of 3DTV“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S021/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe minimum requirement for any 3D (stereoscopic images) system is to guarantee visual comfort of viewers. Visual comfort is one of the three primary perceptual attributes of 3D QoE, which can be linked directly with technical parameters of a 3D system. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to characterize objectively the impact of these parameters on human perception for stereoscopic quality monitoring. The first part of the thesis investigates whether visual attention of the viewers should be considered when designing an objective 3D quality metrics. First, the visual attention in 2D and 3D is compared using simple test patterns. The conclusions of this first experiment are validated using complex stimuli with crossed and uncrossed disparities. In addition, we explore the impact of visual discomfort caused by excessive disparities on visual attention. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the design of an objective model of 3D video QoE, which is based on human perceptual thresholds and acceptability level. Additionally we explore the possibility to use the proposed model as a new subjective scale. For the validation of proposed model, subjective experiments with fully controlled still and moving stereoscopic images with different types of view asymmetries are conducted. The performance is evaluated by comparing objective predictions with subjective scores for various levels of view discrepancies which might provoke visual discomfort
Guise, Mariana Isabel da Silva. „Assessment of the thermal environment in a textile plant for automotive components“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/33359.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThermal comfort is a state of mind, which makes it a subjective sensation that is affected by personal differences. Thereby, the same environment will not satisfy everyone. But the main goal is to turn a work environment as comfortable as possible, to avoid work accidents and/or health problems. The objectives of this work were experimental measurements and calculation of the thermal environmental parameters (air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity and radiant heat), the characterization of the thermal environmental, according to the obtained data and the simulation of the human thermal response to the thermal environment, using a human thermal model. This way, the assessment of the thermal environment of an industrial plant in an experimental way, was achieved and the sensitivity of the human thermal model was tested. The measures of the environmental variables were made in 29 points in the plant, through appropriate instruments like globe thermometer, thermo anemometer and Data Logger. In order to assess the workers’ sensation, a thermal sensation questionnaire was developed. The calculation of the indexes Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and Predicted Mean Vote and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PMV/PPD) was performed with the resource of the Malchaire’s model and an Excel sheet. Regarding the tests to evaluate sensitivity of a human thermal model to environmental variables changes, three points of measures were used; the chosen points had similar environmental variables and different metabolic rate, and vice-versa. Results showed that the shift with the highest WBGT is the shift from 14h00 to 22h00 which confirms the answers given by workers in the questionnaire. All the workers are uncomfortable with the thermal environmental. The tests in human thermal model indicated that this can differentiate the thermal behavior of the different body parts, according to their adaptability. It was also possible to conclude that the temperature of the parts that can adapt tend to stabilization.
O conforto térmico é um estado da mente, o que o torna uma sensação subjectiva que é afetada pelas diferenças pessoais. Portanto, o mesmo ambiente não consegue satisfazer toda a gente. Mas o objetivo principal é tornar um ambiente de trabalho o mais confortável possivel, de modo a evitar acidentes e/ou problemas de saúde. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram a medição experimental e cálculo dos parametros térmicos ambientais (temperatura do ar, velocidade do ar, humidade relativa e temperatura radiante), a caracterização do ambiente térmico, de acordo com os dados obtidos e a simulação da resposta térmica humana ao ambinente térmico, com o uso de um modelo térmico humano. Deste modo, a avaliação do ambiente térmico de uma planta industrial de um modo experimental, foi alcançada e a sensibilidade do modelo térmico humano foi testada. As medições das variavéis ambientais foram feitas em 29 pontos da planta, através de equipamentos apropriados como o termómetro de globo, o termoanemómetro e o Data Logger. De modo a avaliar a sensação dos trabalhadores, um questionário de sensação térmica foi desenvolvido. O cálculo dos indíces Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) e Predicted Mean Vote and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PMV/PPD) foi realizado com recurso ao modelo de Malchaire e a uma folha de Excel. No que concerne aos testes para avaliar a sensibilidade do modelo térmico humano às mudanças das variáveis ambientais, três pointos de medição foram usados; os pontos escolhidos tinham valores similares de variáveis ambientais e diferente metabolismo; e vice-versa. Os resultados indicam que o turno com maior valor de WBGT é o turno das 14h00 às 22h00, o que confirma as respostas dadas pelos trabalhadores no questionários. Todos os trabalhadores sentiam-se desconfortáveis com o ambiente térmico. Os testes ao modelo térmico humano indicaram que o mesmo consegue diferenciar o comportamento térmico das diferentes partes do corpo, de acordo com a sua adaptabilidade. Foi possível concluir que a temperatura das partes que se adaptam, tendem à estabilização.
Smith, Sara. „Circuitos, perturbaciones y transformaciones de la modernidad/colonialidad : análisis discursivo en contextos chilenos y canadienses“. Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9862.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study constitutes a comparative analysis of discourses that articulate issues related to both Indigenous land claims and the colonial legacy of Chile and Canada. Specifically, we analyze social science textbooks, opinion discourses and Indigenous discourses. Our analysis shows that there are striking similarities between the Canadian and Chilean national contexts. We propose that these can be explained, in part, by their relationship with the global discourse of modernity/coloniality. On the one hand, textbooks and opinion discourses circulate discursive features of modernity, thus reproducing colonial forms of knowledge and speaking. On the other hand, the Indigenous discourses we exam seem to resemble each other to the extent that they interpolate the discourse of modernity/coloniality, thereby transforming the terms of intercultural engagement. Despite efforts, in recent decades, by the Canadian and Chilean states towards reconciliation with Indigenous peoples, social conflicts persist, involving the same actors as always: the state, different indigenous communities, private companies, and intellectual, political and business elites. In light of this situation, this thesis aims to better understand why these conflicts, far from being resolved, continue to occur. In these two countries, the issue of intercultural conflict primarily invoves the question of land rights. In this sense, the reproduction of conflict is inseparable from the colonial legacy of the Canadian and Chilean national states. This colonial dimension of conflict, however, is usually made obscure by both the multicultural rhetoric of national discourse and the polarizations produced by public opinion discourses, both of which tend to frame the question of land rights in terms of binary notions, such as “civilization/barbarism”, or “authenticity/illegitimacy.” Furthermore, western Canada and southern Chile can be considered comparable contexts, as they were colonized on the basis of the modern discourses of progress and civilization, which served to legitimize the expansion of the nineteenth-century nation state. However, there are few studies comparing the discursive productions related to the intercultural relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians and Chileans. This is perhaps due to a perception of insurmountable linguistic, socio-historical and political differences between the two countries.
El presente estudio constituye un análisis comparado de discursos que articulan la problemática de la herencia colonial y de los reclamos indígenas en Chile y Canadá: libros de texto de ciencias sociales, discursos de opinión y discursos indígenas. Ahí se plantea que las similitudes sorprendentes que se han encontrado entre los contextos nacionales canadienses y chilenos pueden ser explicadas por su articulación con el discurso globalizado de la modernidad/colonialidad. Por un lado, los textos escolares y los discursos de opinión hacen circular rasgos discursivos de la modernidad, reproduciendo formas de saber y de decir coloniales. Por otro lado, los discursos indígenas se parecen entre sí en la medida en que interpolan la modernidad/colonialidad, transformando así los términos del compromiso intercultural. A pesar del esfuerzo de reconciliación de los estados canadiense y chileno con los pueblos indígenas en las últimas décadas, siguen produciéndose conflictos sociales, involucrando a los mismos actores de siempre: el estado, distintos pueblos indígenas, las empresas privadas y la elite intelectual, política y empresarial. Teniendo en cuenta esta situación, el objetivo de esta tesis apunta a entender mejor por qué estos conflictos, lejos de resolverse, continúan reproduciéndose. En estos dos países, la problemática de los conflictos interculturales está relacionada fundamentalmente con la cuestión de los derechos territoriales y, en consecuencia, son indesligables de la herencia colonial de los estados nacionales canadiense y chileno. Esta dimensión colonial de los conflictos, sin embargo, suele ser ocultada tanto por la retórica multicultural del discurso nacional como por las polarizaciones producidas por la opinión pública, las cuales tienden a enmarcar la problemática según nociones binarias, como la de “civilización/barbarie”, o “autenticidad/ilegitimidad”. Además, el oeste de Canadá y el sur de Chile pueden considerarse comparables, ya que fueron colonizados sobre la base del discurso moderno del progreso y la civilización, el cual sirvió para legitimar la expansión del estado nacional decimonónico. A pesar de esto, existen pocos estudios que comparen las producciones discursivas de las relaciones interculturales entre indígenas y no indígenas en los contextos canadienses y chilenos, posiblemente debido a las diferencias lingüísticas, sociohistóricas y políticas que parecieran insuperables.