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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Conflit entre la réplication et la transcription“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Conflit entre la réplication et la transcription"
Sène, Abdourahmane Mbade. „Conflit Autour d’Un Espace Protégé : Cas du Parc National de Basse Casamance“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, Nr. 5 (28.02.2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n5p36.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSène, Abdourahmane Mbade. „Conflit Autour d’Un Espace Protégé: Cas du Parc National de Basse Casamance“. European Scientific Journal ESJ 12 (19.12.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.12.2022.p278.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Conflit entre la réplication et la transcription"
Liu, Yaqun. „Study of transcription-replication conflict and its role in genomic instability and cancer development“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLS083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReplication and transcription machinery can cause transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs), which occur either frontally or co-directionally. The head-on collision is considered to be the most deleterious and can lead to genomic instability through R-loops that consist of a DNA-RNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand. By analyzing multi-omics data, we successfully revealed that transient replication forks pause at the 3' of genes enriched in R-loops with more head-on collisions affects genomic stability in a Topoisomerase1-dependent manner (Nat. Commons . 2020) then I developed the first bioinformatics tool to analyze replication data (OKseqHMM, available on GitHub, Liu et al. BioRxiv. 2022). Finally, it has recently been shown that in breast cancer cells, R-loops strongly colocalize with an increase in DNA breaks, in a replication-dependent manner. We aim to study TRC in cancer cells and samples from cancer patients to determine how replicative stress induces genomic instability in cancer development, which may contribute to the establishment of new therapeutic strategies against cancer
Hodroj, Dana. „Du pore nucléaire à l'endommagement de l'ADN : l'aller et retour de Ddx19 médié par ATR pour résoudre des conflits entre la transcription et la réplication“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCells are continuously challenged by DNA damage resulting from external cues as UV light, γ-irradiation and exposure to genotoxic chemicals, as well as from endogenous stress caused by cellular metabolism. Growing evidence points to transcription as a biological process that could adversely affect genome integrity. One currently highly investigated mechanism by which transcription can induce genome instability is through the formation of R-loops, RNA:DNA hybrid structures exposing a displaced single-stranded DNA tract. These aberrant structures occur as byproducts of transcription and/or upon interference between replication and transcription, and more recently were also shown to accumulate upon disruption of mRNA biogenesis and processing. Persistent unresolved R-loops are a potent source of genomic instability as they ultimately generate double strand breaks and promote recombination events. To deal with the deleterious consequences of DNA damage, cells activate elaborate DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to delay cell division and stimulate repair of lesions, thus preserving genome stability. Recently in yeast transient DDR activation has also been proposed to be important in the coordination of transcription and replication, in order to avoid topological constraints and the formation of aberrant structures generated upon collision of their machineries. By means of an in vitro screen aimed at identifying new DDR genes, we isolated Ddx19, a DEAD-Box helicase known to be involved in mRNA export, as a novel DNA damage responsive gene. Ddx19 interacts with the nucleopore complex via nucleoporin CAN/Nup214, and is involved in mRNA remodelling and export through its ATPase and helicase activities, stimulated by IP6 and the Gle1 factor. My present thesis work unravels a novel function of Ddx19 in preserving genome stability in mammalian cells, distinct from its known role in mRNA export. I show that upon UV-induced damage, Ddx19 transiently relocalizes from the cytoplasmic face of the nucleopore to the nucleus in an ATR-dependent manner. Downregulation of Ddx19 gives rise to spontaneous, proliferation-dependent DNA damage, as determined by the specific activation of the ATM-Chk2 pathway and formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 nuclear foci. This is concomitant with the slowing down of replication forks that are unable to restart after being stalled with camptothecin. In addition, cells depleted of Ddx19 display strong accumulation of nuclear R-loops, enriched in the nucleolar compartment, and around the nuclear periphery. Moreover, these cells show low viability and exhibited synthetic lethality when combined with inhibition of topoisomerase I expression. I propose Ddx19 as a second helicase required for R-loops resolution, functioning alongside but independently of Senataxin, the first known RNA helicase to resolve these structures in vivo in mammalian cells. I provide evidence that this new function of Ddx19 does not depend on its interaction with the nuclear pore, but rather on its helicase activity and on a serine residue phosphorylated by Chk1 which promotes its relocalization into the nucleus upon damage. These data put forward Ddx19 as a novel RNA helicase that facilitates ATR-dependent coordination of DNA replication and transcription through R-loops resolution, thus preserving genome integrity
Promonet, Alexy. „Implication de l’interférence entre réplication et transcription au cours du développement du cancer“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT083/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGenome instability is a hallmark of cancer cells. It has been proposed that at early stages of the cancer process, genomic instability is caused by oncogene-induced replication stress, a poorly-understood process characterized with the accumulation of stalled replication forks and gammaH2AX on chromatin. Understanding the origin of chronic replication stress represents a major challenge in cancer biology. We have previously shown that depletion of DNA Topoisomerase 1 or the splicing factor ASF/SF2 in mammalian cells interferes with replication fork progression, activating the DNA damage response and inducing chromosome breaks (Tuduri et al., 2009). Since DNA damage and replication fork stalling are relieved by RNaseH1, an attractive hypothesis could be that replication stress is caused by R-loops. These RNA-DNA hybrid structures form when nascent RNA re-anneals to the template DNA strand, leaving the non-template strand unpaired. Using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy with the S9.6 antibody that recognizes RNA-DNA hybrids, we confirmed that R-loops accumulate in ASF/SF2 and Top1-depleted HeLa cells. Since R-loops are enriched at specific sites in the human genome, wecombined different genomic approaches, including DRIP-seq (R-loops), ChIP-seq (gammaH2AX, pRPA) and BLESS (DSBs; Crosetto et al., Nature Methods, 2013) to monitor their distribution relative to replication stress markers and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the absence of Top1 or ASF/SF2. . Our data reveal a significant correlation between replication stress and cotranscriptional R-loops, supporting the view that the interference between replication and transcription promotes genomic instability in human cells. However, not all R-loops forming regions colocalize with replication stress since these structures have multiple physiological roles. This approach allowed us to determine the conditions in which R-loops may represent a threat to genome integrity. Moreover, we also observed the accumulation of R-loops in immortalized fibroblasts expressing an oncogenic form of Ras and in preplasmablast during plasma cell differentiation, a crucial process during which multiple myeloma may evolve. In clonclusion, our data indicate that R-loops may represent an important source of oncogene-induced replication stress
Padioleau, Ismaël. „Étude génomique de l'interférence entre la réplication et la transcription comme source du stress réplicatif“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT053/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOncogenes activation promotes aberrant cell proliferation, increasing replication stress and DNA damage. It has been proposed that genomic instability leads to checkpoints inhibition and promotes cancer development (Halazonetis et al. 2008). However, the link between aberrant proliferation, replication stress and DNA breaks is still unclear. We hypothesized that aberrant proliferation leads to more incident due to DNA and RNA polymerases encounter and stalling. When the two polymerases encounter, the accumulation of positive-supercoiled DNA between two polymerases induces fork stalling, resulting in the formation of fragile structures such as single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). These ssDNAs formed at stalled forks could be a source for DNA breaks, promoting the development of cancer cells. To validate this hypothesis, biologists from our team have worked on HeLa cell lines with increased replication-transcription conflicts. I perform the bioinformatics analysis of the following genomic data:- DRIP-seq: R-Loops positioning on genome using immunoprecipitation on DNA/RNA hybrids.-γ-H2AX ChIP-Seq: Gamma-H2AX is an histone mark found at DNA breaks.-pRPA ChIP-Seq : Positioning of stalled forks using the substrate of ATR kinase, phospho-RPA (S33) as a marker.Each data was produced on control cells and two cell lines where TOP1 and ASF/SF2 were depleted by as inducible shRNA (shTOP1 and shASF). Topoisomerase 1 is a topological enzyme that unwinds DNA when supercoiling accumulates. ASF/SF2 is part of the splicing complexes that processes mRNP (messenger ribonucleoprotein particles) to prevent the accumulation of R-loops during transcription. Using these data and others from literature, I determined that regions having higher risk to induce replication stress are located downstream of highly transcribed and early replicated genes, and preferentially with head-on collision between DNA and RNA polymerases. I also revealed that cancer-related genes are enriched in these regions of the genome
Langlois, de Septenville Anne. „Rôle des hélicases et des protéines de la recombinaison lors des collisions entre la réplication et la transcription“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066515.
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