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Kim, Tae-Goun. „Managing marine resource use conflicts : marine sand mining in Korea /“. View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3284825.
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Appiah-Boateng, Sabina [Verfasser]. „Land-use Conflicts and Psychosocial Well-being / Sabina Appiah-Boateng“. Hildesheim : Universität Hildesheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217404317/34.
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Hanaček, Ksenija. „Land-use changes, cultural ecosystem services, and environmental conflicts: Evidence from rural Bulgaria“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670263.
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Como resultado de sus interacciones e interdependencias con las personas, los agroecosistemas se obtienen servicios de ecosistemas culturales (SEC) como identidad rural, conocimiento tradicional y ceremonias relacionadas con cultivos. Sin embargo, los agroecosistemas se enfrentan globalmente a cambios en los usos de suelo, como la agricultura intensiva, el abandono de la tierra y la urbanización, que están influenciados por las fuerzas económicas, políticas y de mercado. Junto con estas tendencias, están surgiendo conflictos ambientales entre diferentes actores con diferentes intereses en las áreas terrestres. Esta tesis doctoral examina de manera integral los SEC y críticamente examina cómo están influenciados por los cambios en el uso de suelo y que tipo de conflictos ambientales surgen según los cambios en el SEC. El estudio comienza a nivel global, luego utiliza a Bulgaria como el caso de estudio tanto a nivel regional como a nivel comunitario, con especial énfasis en las políticas rurales. Los resultados de la investigación indican que los agroecosistemas proporcionan múltiples SEC interrelacionados que constituyen el patrimonio agrícola mundial. Además, los cambios en el uso de suelo tienen un impacto significativo en la cultura y la tradición, principalmente de los agricultores y las comunidades rurales, y por lo tanto surgen conflictos ambientales en forma abierta y latentes. En el caso de estudio en Bulgaria, la evaluación de SEC por parte de los diferentes actores a nivel regional y agrícola indica que la evaluación de SEC se ve interrumpida debido a cambios en el uso de suelo. Además, las sobre el SEC a nivel comunitario pueden surgir como conflictos ambientales que se expresan abiertamente a través de manifestaciones o protestas, siempre que el poder político de la comunidad para la gestión ambiental sea alto. Cuando el grado de poder es bajo, conflictos relacionados con SEC están latentes, expresados con una gran importancia dada a la identidad rural. De hecho, este estudio muestra que los conflictos ambientales por la apropiación de tierras agrícolas están entrelazados con la desposesión cultural. Sobre la base de estos hallazgos, esta tesis argumenta que el patrimonio agrícola global está en riesgo de perderse debido a los cambios en el uso de la tierra. Se necesitan políticas más holísticas de uso de la tierra a diferentes escalas de gobernanza que tengan en cuenta tanto la importancia crítica de las comunidades locales como el SEC que crean conjuntamente para la preservación y nutrición de las zonas rurales. La población rural y los SEC co-creados desempeñan un papel fundamental en la defensa de los problemas de distribución de servicios ecosistémicos y en la promoción de la sostenibilidad social, ecológica y económica. Por lo tanto, la participación de las partes interesadas locales debe incluirse en la toma de decisiones sobre el uso de suelo y el SEC debe ser reconocido en la ciencia y la políticas publicas como vías para la preservación ambiental y la estabilidad social de las zonas rurales marginalizadas.As a result of their interactions and interdependencies with people, agroecosystems contribute to the creation of cultural ecosystem services (CES) such as rural identity, traditional knowledge, and ceremonies related to cultivation. However, global agroecosystems are currently undergoing vast land-use changes –such as intensive agriculture, land abandonment, and urbanization – which are influenced by economic, policy, and market forces. Along with these trends, environmental conflicts are emerging between stakeholders with differing interests in land areas. This dissertation holistically examines CES by critically studying how CES, in the light of relational values, are disrupted by land-use changes, and further identifying environmental conflicts arising from changes in CES. The study begins at the global level, then uses Bulgaria as a case study at both the regional level and community levels, with particular emphasis on rural policies. Results of the research indicate that agroecosystems provide multiple interrelated CES that constitute global agricultural heritage. Further, land-use changes have a significant impact on culture and tradition, mainly at the expense of farmers and rural communities, and therefore lead to open and latent forms of environmental conflict. In the Bulgarian case study, stakeholders’ evaluation of CES at both regional and farm levels indicate CES evaluation is often disrupted due to land-use changes. Moreover, concerns about CES at the community level can emerge as environmental conflicts that are expressed openly thorough demonstrations or protests, provided the community’s political power for environmental management is high. When the degree of power is low, such CES-related conflicts are latent, expressed with a high importance placed on rural identity. Indeed, this study shows environmental conflicts over agricultural land appropriation are intertwined with cultural forms of dispossession. On the basis of these findings, this dissertation argues global agricultural heritage is at risk of being lost due to land-use changes. More holistic land-use policies at different governance scales are needed that consider both the critical importance of local communities and the CES they co-create for preservation and nourishment of rural areas. Rural people and co-created CES play a fundamental role in defending ecosystem services distribution issues and promoting social, ecological, and economic well-being. Therefore, the participation of local stakeholders is important in land-use decision-making, and CES recognition in science and policy as pathways for the environmental preservation and social stability of marginalized rural areas.
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Kideghesho, Jafari Ramadhani. „Wildlife conservation and local land use conflicts in Western Serengeti, Tanzania“. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1970.
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The pre-colonial traditional societies in Western Serengeti were physically and spiritually connected to animal species and plants in their surrounding environments. This link contributed to sustainable use and harmonious coexistence. The religious affiliation and local management structures sanctioned some destructive behaviours and designated some species and habitats as sacred. Additionally, low human population and primitive technology posed low pressure on resources. Colonial regime interrupted the coexistence through introduction of new management structures. The exclusive, prohibitive and punitive actions perpetrated by colonial regime under "fences and fines" conservation approach fomented conflicts and local resentment towards conservation policies. However, despite local resentment and conflicts, the economic and political reasons forced the post-colonial government to inherit these policies uncritically.
While the idiom "Serengeti shall not die" has been a popular motto and ambition for decades, some forces had been working against it. These forces include: inefficient state-led enforcementn (due to shrinkage of government budgets in 1970s and 1980s); human population growth; rural poverty; globalisation of markets in animal products (e.g. rhino horns and ivory) and; local resentment towards the conservation policies. The reduction of the wildlife populations and habitats as a result of these forces, ruled out the efficacy of “fences and fines” approach in conserving wildlife. This prompted a need to search for alternative approach that would end this crisis.
The community conservation (CC) initiative, which emerged as a major paradigm of conservation work in late 1980s, was the most appealing option. Through provision of tangible economic benefits, CC sought to motivate local people to align their behaviours with conservation goals. This prescription was applied to Serengeti where two CC initiatives, Serengeti Regional Conservation Project (SRCP) and Community Conservation Service (CCS) were launched. Findings from this study indicate that the benefit based approaches implemented under these initiatives are fundamentally flawed, a scenario that precludes their possibility to contribute significantly to conservation objectives.
Although attitudinal survey indicated that the benefit-based strategy increase acceptability towards conservation, this may not necessarily imply a change in behaviour. Poaching was still rampant in the villages under the projects. However, even if the strategy could lead to a change of behaviour among the beneficiaries, its impact to conservation would still be insignificant since only a small fraction of the communities benefit (i.e. 14 out of 126 villages). Furthermore, even within the project villages the minimal benefits granted are inequitably distributed and monopolised by local elites. The poorest members of the society are unable to enjoy these benefits because cash is required to access them (e.g. game meat, medical services).
Along with the benefits, the results indicated that the costs inflicted by wildlife to local people and some socio-demographic factors (education, wealth) have potential role in shaping conservation attitudes. Local communities experiencing fewer costs from wildlife conservation and those most educated were less likely to support protected areas. Those with more livestock were more negative, probably because the costs of prohibition from access to water and pasture in protected areas were more obvious to them. Conservation attitudes were more positive to Serengeti National Park than to the adjacent Game Reserves, a scenario that can be attributed to history and the age of the park. It was created some 50 years when population was low and land was still available. Furthermore, the majority of the villagers were, either too young, or were not even born when the Park came to existence. Therefore, they did not feel the pain of eviction, if there was any.
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Bethell, Amber. „Evaluating Conflicts in the Use and Development of Geographic Information Systems“. Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BethellA2002.pdf.
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Akhter, Tasneem. „The role of property rights for land degradation and land use conflicts“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16285.
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Bodendegradation ist ein wachsendes Problem von Pakistan, die Biomasse Verlust verursacht und hat einen schlechten Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft des Landes. Nordöstlich von der Provinz Punjab, die berühmt für die Reisanbau ist, leidet auch mit diesem Problem. Zusammen mit einigen anderen Gründen, sind institutionelle Aufbau in den Regionen und der Landnutzungsänderungen der Hauptgründe für diesen Abbau. Obwohl das Land ist, die privaten Eigentümern, aber wegen der Störung der bestehenden Eigentumsrechte und die jüngste Stadterweiterung in der Region hat interfamiliären Konflikte zwischen Grundbesitzern im Zusammenhang mit Entfremdung Land provoziert. Diese Konflikte haben ein Potenzial von gefährden ländlichen Setup und der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion des Landes. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, diese Konflikte Ansatz, den Schwerpunkt auf die Notwendigkeit des institutionellen Wandels für die Nutzung von landwirtschaftlichen degradierten Flächen und mögliche Governance-Struktur für Land Umwandlung in Pakistan. Die Organe der Sustainability Framework von Hagedorn et al (2002) wird verwendet werden, und einige politische Empfehlungen gehen abgeleitet werden.Land degradation is a growing problem of Pakistan, which causes biomass loss and has a bad effect on the economy of the country. Northeast of Punjab province, which is famous for the rice cultivation, is also suffering with this problem. Along with some other reasons, institutional setup in the regions and the land-use change are the main reasons of this degradation. Although the land is owned by private owners, but because of the malfunctioning of existing property rights and the recent urban expansion in region has provoked interfamily conflicts between landowners related to land alienation. These conflicts have a potential of jeopardising rural setup and agriculture production of the country. The aim of the study is to approach these conflicts, focus on the need of institutional change for the use of agricultural degraded lands and possible governance structure for land conversion in Pakistan. The Institutions of Sustainability Framework of Hagedorn et al (2002) will be employed and some policy recommendations are going to be derived
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Söder, Rickard. „Understanding Terrorism in Internal Armed Conflicts : Explaining why some rebel groups use terrorism“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315041.
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Carlsson, Matilda. „Conflict-Related Sexual Violence : A Cross-National Comparison of Circumstances Related to State Forces’ Use of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts“. Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, Statsvetenskapliga avdelningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-5838.
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Sexual violence is a well-known phenomenon in armed conflicts. The international attention from scholars and policymakers has substantially expanded during the last decades, but until today a comprehensive understanding of the circumstances that generate this violence is absent. This causes difficulties in the policy rhetoric of the issue, as well as in the development of effective measures to prevent and combat conflict-related sexual violence in current conflicts. This study aims to explore and identify circumstances related to the use of sexual violence by armed groups, and by state forces in particular. The overall purpose is to contribute to an understanding of why state forces commit sexual violence in some armed conflicts and not in others. An analytical framework is created based on existing theoretical concepts and explanations to the varying frequency of sexual violence. Based on this, five hypotheses of possible correlated conditions are created. These conditional factors are: 1) Rule of Law, 2) Other Violence, 3) Ethnic Conflict, 4) Gender Equality, and 5) International Support. The hypotheses are translated into macro-level variables that are systematically applied and compared between ten cases of armed conflicts, five of which have high levels of sexual violence committed by state forces, respectively five with no reports of sexual violence committed by state forces. This is done by a cross-national comparison using descriptive statistics. Four hypotheses are to a varying degree strengthened by this study and the result suggests that sexual violence committed by state forces is more likely to occur; in conflicts with low levels of rule of law; in ethnic conflicts; in conflicts with high levels of other violence, and; in absence of international support. The anticipation is that the results of this study will provide a platform for further conclusive research of casual factors to conflict-related sexual violence.
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Tang, Sze-man, und 鄧思敏. „Farmland conservation in Hong Kong's rural hinterland: conflicts and potentials“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227867.
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Sewald, Ronda L. „The darker side of sound conflicts over the use of soundscapes for musical performances /“. [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380130.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 14, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4519. Adviser: Ruth M. Stone.
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Bashir, S. „Land-use conflicts in Indian Protected Areas : the case of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596450.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Indian Protected Area (PA) model through a case study of land-use conflicts in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in southern India. India currently has only two types of PAs: national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Conservation policy and law favour a protectionist approach which restricts many kinds of human activities in PAs. Wayanad Sanctuary covers 344 km2 and forms part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (5,520 km2). The Sanctuary is a dry season refuge for a major population of the endangered Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). However, there are numerous competing subsistence and commercial demands on the Sanctuary's resources from diverse stakeholders including, a large and socio-economically heterogeneous local human population, different sections of the Kerala State Government and the private sector. Wildlife depredations on human life and property are another major management problem. The study sought to understand the origin and nature of land-use conflicts in the Sanctuary and whether these could be resolved within the existing policy and legal framework. A variety of methods were used to achieve this goal. The history of land-use in the study area was examined through secondary sources. The current land-use patterns of different local communities, commercial interests and the government were studied mainly through a stratified random sample survey of 243 households, collection and analysis of unpublished government data and interviews with key informants from different stakeholder groups. Past and present government policy, legislation and management practices concerning the Sanctuary were also investigated. The study revealed important differences between communities in their reliance on the Sanctuary's resources, their experience of wildlife damage and their perceptions of the Sanctuary and of conservation generally. Additionally major inconsistencies between government policy and practice were identified. The dissertation concludes that the magnitude of commercial and subsistence land-uses is inconsistent with the Sanctuary's conservation objectives.
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Cox, Ashley John. „Wilsonian explanations for American conflicts : a revaluation of the use of the Wilsonian framework to evaluate conflicts in the history of the United States“. Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29161.
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This thesis adds to our understanding of American foreign policy and conflicts in the history of the United States through the use of the Wilsonian framework. This is an important topic because the United States is the single most important actor in international relations and its decisions have far reaching consequences. This thesis makes a unique contribution to the literature on the understanding of the decisions by the United States to go to war. It does this by emphasising that the Wilsonian framework has been overlooked in our understanding of these conflicts and can be used to give a more complete picture of the conflicts discussed. By using wars across the history of the United States this thesis shows that this framework is applicable independent of the power the United States possesses.
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Xie, Huizhong, und 謝慧中. „Trust transformation and behavioral patterns : peasant resistance under land property conflicts in rural China“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206450.
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Authoritarian China provides a unique context to explore resistance strategies. For one thing, it is alert to both institutionalized resistance and non-institutionalized one. For another, China is different from traditional authoritarian state due to the change of state legitimacy. It now gains support from the public by economic performance rather than ideology control, making it tolerant of resistance claiming for economic requests. Previous literatures have discovered different types of peasant resistance. However, they fail to highlight the diversity in peasant resistance that different types co-exist. Furthermore, prior studies seldom focus on analyzing the rationale behind peasant behaviors.
This thesis examines the state–society relationship by exploring peasant resistance to land conflicts in rural China. Trust in the state is an important intermediate variable that shapes peasant responses to state policy. Through 4 months of ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with 45 land-lost peasants in 2 villages, the study finds an interplay between peasant trust and behavior toward state policy. More specifically, the way people trust the central government leads to different resistance strategies. This study uncovers four types of trust in the central government and shows how they lead to specific social actions in terms of intention and capacity: Justice Bao (morally good intention and large capacity), Judge (legally just and large capacity), Clay Bodhisattva (good intention and small capacity), Monster (bad intention and large capacity). Accordingly, peasants develop four types of behavioral patterns based on the trust types: state-dependent and norm-based, state-dependent and policy-based, self-dependent and policy-based, self-dependent and norm-based. It also investigates the opposite process of how those actions lead to a reshaping of trust in the state. In other words, this study places the evolution of trust in a cyclic lifetime learning model where trust shapes behavior and is in turn reshaped by the consequences of those behaviors.
This study contributes to the existing literature in three main aspects. Firstly, it identifies that peasant trust in the central government is diverse rather than monolithic as found by current literatures. Secondly, it displays the connection between trust in the state and corresponding behavioral patterns towards the state policy. Thirdly, it enriches the current literature on trust by indicating that trust evolves in a lifetime learning process. It on one hand influences peasants’ behavioral patterns; on the other is reshaped by the consequences of behaviors.published_or_final_version
Sociology
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Ubink, Janine M. „In the land of the chiefs customary law, land conflicts, and the role of the state in peri-urban Ghana /“. [Leiden] : Leiden University Press, 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/librarytitles/Doc?id=10302637.
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Abubakar, Mohammad Mahmood. „Technical, value, and institutional aspects of integrated use conflicts: A timber and water management case study“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185099.
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This research examined the technical, social, and institutional aspects of integrated (multiple-use) watershed management conflicts, with a focus on timber and water management. The problem was first examined from a general perspective. Then, a specific case study was analyzed. The Bull Run watershed near Portland, Oregon, was chosen for the case study, because it provides a well-known and long-standing example of conflict over timber harvesting and water quality protection. Analyses were conducted on the relationship of logging and water quality, economics of information, conflicts and institutional sources of conflicts in integrated watershed management, available information and value of additional information. Forested watersheds commonly are managed for multiple purposes, one of which is the production of high quality potable water. Conflicts often arise when another of those purposes is timber production, because logging is perceived as a threat to water quality. These conflicts can result from uncertain factual information, from differences underlying social values, or from perceived imbalances in the incident of costs and benefits. Resulting conflicts may go unresolved because existing institutional structures are incapable of resolving disputes. When such conflicts go unresolved, benefits are often lost, and social, political, and managerial costs are high. This study found that the roots of conflict often lie in value differences or in interest impacts, but attention is focused inappropriately and unproductively on factual issues. This research should point the way to resolution of long-standing disputes in the management of forested watersheds by identifying the root causes of these disputes and choosing those actions, whether they be change management guidelines, additional information collection, or altered institutional structure, which may be effective in resolving them.
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Xu, Shaowei Steve. „People and park conflicts in China : an observation from Shimentai nature reserve in Yingde, Guangdong Province /“. Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25058964.
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Galli, Ester. „Frame Analysis in Environmental Conflicts : The case of ethanol production in Brazil“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39502.
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Governments and policy-makers are currently dealing with some key issues as energy security in countries dependent on oil imports; global economic development, including increased food production; and controlling global climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. The perception that biofuel could solve these challenges simultaneously has led to the implementation of policy and regulatory mechanisms on the mandatory use of biofuels, resulting in a sharp increase in biofuel production and consumption. Serious concerns about large-scale ethanol production have been raised regarding loss of biodiversity and competition for land between food and ethanol production. It is also suggested that sugarcane-based ethanol increases GHG emissions due to indirect land use change. Furthermore, sugarcane harvesting has been criticised for causing air pollution and bad working conditions for cutters. These criticisms have mostly been denied by Brazilian actors. This thesis seeks to clarify these divergent views and conflicts concerning Brazilian ethanol. It was carried out within a KTH research programme that uses frames in the analysis of conflicts emerging from the development and implementation of new technologies. Frame analysis can help improve understanding of such conflicts, which derive from differences in values, world views and beliefs and can be difficult to resolve. Frame analysis seeks to identify the particular factors determining the actions taken by different stakeholders, giving equal treatment to all actors. The results showed that the international views expressed in the media captured the attention of the public and policy-makers, and led them to frame ethanol as a destructive for nature fuel. The analysis identified that the ethanol as a threat to food security frame combined with the ethanol as a destructive for nature frame led the public and policy-makers to frame ethanol as a brown fuel. However, Brazilian actors frame ethanol differently: as a green and safe fuel. These differences have raised the conflicts that are analysed in this thesis. Furthermore, the analysis identified that the changes in the harvesting system, from manual to mechanised –besides decreasing air pollution- will cost the job of hundreds of thousands of cane cutters. Values and beliefs orientating such changes are analysed in the thesis.QC 20110912
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Freitas, Andreza Rocha de. „A REPERCUSSÃO DA LEGISLAÇÃO NA DINÂMICA DO USO DA TERRA NA BACIA DO RIO CARÁ-CARÁ, PONTA GROSSA – PR, NO PERÍODO DE 1980 A 2007“. UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2008. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/500.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-01The human ownership of area causes transformations. To what such transformations causes the least possible impact strategies are necessary to soften down changes anthropic, that can be accompanied and identified by means of land use, of delineation of areas of environmental conflicts and the identification of areas that suffered more changes in their natural characteristics. These studies do part of environmental planning, because offer information necessary to development of strategies and shares to ease the impacts caused at anthropic interference. To do so is necessary to establish environmental units from their morphological features that feasibly area of search, as, for example, the hydrographic basin, which are a natural system delimited in space. The hydrographic basin in study is the Cará-Cará River, located in the southeastern municipal district of Ponta Grossa - PR. The general objective of this work was examine the dynamics of occupation of the land use in aforesaid basin, between the years 1980 and 2007, and the repercussion of laws in force in the land use. To that end, it was necessary to search and draw up maps of relevant legislation, of slope and land use that, through SPRING 4.3.3, were overlay until they reach to maps synthesis of conflicts land use. To facilitate the identification of areas that most suffered the influence anthropic were elaborated letters of hemeroby. It was found that the category of land use that more increased in the period studied was the urbanized (121.83%) and the category reforestation decreased by 30.69%. As for conflicts environmental land use, 21.05% of the area of the basin is in conflict (areas over-used and underused). Through the maps of hemeroby, it was found that the areas ahemeorobe (landscapes with little or no human interference) decreased by 24.51% and category oligohemeorobe (landscapes more natural than artificial) is the predominant in the basin with 41.94%. It was concluded that the changes in the basin Cará-Cará River were motivated by guidelines established in the Plans Directors of Ponta Grossa of 1967, 1992 and 2006. This work is an allowance for future studies, planning and projects to be undertaken by the public agency responsible.
A apropriação humana do espaço gera transformações. Para que tais transformações causem o menor impacto possível são necessárias estratégias que amenizem as alterações antrópicas, que podem ser acompanhadas e identificadas por meio do levantamento do uso da terra, da delimitação das áreas de conflitos ambientais e da identificação das áreas que mais sofreram modificações em suas características naturais. Estes estudos fazem parte do planejamento ambiental, pois oferecem informações necessárias ao desenvolvimento de estratégias e ações para amenizar os impactos causados pela interferência antrópica. Para tanto é necessário estabelecer unidades ambientais a partir de suas características morfológicas que viabilizem o espaço da pesquisa, como, por exemplo, a bacia hidrográfica, que constitui um sistema natural delimitado no espaço. A bacia hidrográfica em estudo é a do Rio Cará-Cará, localizada na região sudeste do município de Ponta Grossa –PR. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica de ocupação de uso da terra na referida bacia, entre os anos de 1980 e 2007, e a repercussão da legislação em vigor no uso da terra. Para tanto, foi necessário levantar e elaborar mapas da legislação pertinente, de declividade e de uso da terra que, por meio do software SPRING 4.3.3, foram sobrepostos até se chegar aos mapas sínteses de conflitos de uso da terra. Para facilitar a identificação das áreas que mais sofreram a influência antrópica foram elaboradas cartas de hemerobia. Verificou-se que a classe de uso da terra que mais aumentou no período estudado foi a urbanizada (121,83%) e a classe reflorestamento diminuiu 30,69%. Quanto aos conflitos ambientais de uso da terra, 21,05% da área da bacia encontra-se em conflito (áreas sobre-utilizada e subutilizada). Por meio dos mapas de hemerobia, constatou-se que as áreas ahemeorobias (paisagens com pouca ou nenhuma interferência antrópica) diminuíram 24,51% e a classe oligohemeorobio (paisagens mais naturais do que artificiais) é a predominante na bacia com 41,94%. Pôde-se concluir que as alterações ocorridas na bacia do rio Cará-Cará foram motivadas por diretrizes estabelecidas nos Planos Diretores de Ponta Grossa de 1967, 1992 e 2006. O presente trabalho constitui-se em subsídio para estudos futuros de planejamento e projetos a serem realizados pelo órgão público competente.
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Glotzbach, Stefanie [Verfasser], und Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumgärtner. „Conflicts between intragenerational and intergenerational justice in the use of ecosystem services / Stefanie Glotzbach. Betreuer: Stefan Baumgärtner“. Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034147919/34.
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Hultman, Tomas, und Tessan Nordeman. „A modern myth of grassroot communication : A critical perspective on social media use in land conflicts in Cambodia“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20964.
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Social media is a collective name for the communication channels that allow users to communicate directly with each other in real time through text, image or sound. This study sets out to describe, analyze and draw conclusions on the use of social media in land conflicts in Cambodia. Experts debate on the importance of social media in social change, and aid institutions encourage social media presence for grass root organizations. With this study we want to add a grass root perspective from a development context, trying to see how the communication and information work with social media actually works. We decided to focus on social media’s agenda setting, advocacy and mobilizational possibilities, and interviewed eight organizations, three journalists/bloggers and one newspaper editor to get a broad perspective of social media’s usage in land conflicts, and we also conducted a small case study on the land conflict Boeung Kak lake’s presence on Youtube. The results showed that the organizations were using social media in many different ways, and on different levels in their communications work. We could however not see any clear interlinkage between the usage of social media and a success in neither agenda setting, social mobilization nor advocacy work; even though there are success stories we could not see consistent patterns in them. Our conclusion is therefore that a more objective and rational picture of social media is needed, that acknowledges the potentials but also shows the obstacles. Our hope is that this study can give a more balanced approach to social media’s place in developing countries in general and Cambodia in particular, helping actors to understand the different factors that need to be addressed to make it a successful tool of communication.
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Warfield, Janice Marlene. „Selected environmental impacts and recreational conflicts on multiple-use trails, a case study of the ganaraska forest, ontario“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/MQ30237.pdf.
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Szakonyi, Diane R. „A study of special education administrators' use of seven bases of social power to influence conflicts with parents“. Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74217.
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In recent years special education administrators have frequently found themselves in conflict with parents of handicapped children regarding such issues as: (1) private school placement of handicapped children; (2) transportation of handicapped children; (3) the provision of related services for handicapped children; and (4) due process hearings requested regarding the evaluation and placement of handicapped children. The problem this study investigated is whether the power base used by the special education administrator to influence conflicts with parents is affected by the socioeconomic status of the parents, the race of the child and the parents, and/or the handicapping condition of the child.
In order to examine how special education administrators use social power to influence conflicts with parents seven bases of social power were studied. The original five power bases developed by French and Raven (1959)--expert, referent, legitimate, reward, and coerci ve--were used, plus two additional bases--information power developed by Raven and Kruglanski (1970) and connection power developed by Hersey, Blanchard and Natemeyer (1979). In addition three variables (the socio-economic status of the parents, the race of the parents and the child, and the handicapping condition of the child) were examined through the use of scenario questions. The scenario questions were developed by the researcher and were tested to establish their reliability and validity.
The study examined five primary research questions, secondary research questions, and a research hypothesis. While no definite pattern of responses emerged, it was found that (1) administrator's decision making appeared to be sensitive to the context in which it was made; (2) administrators relied on reward power to influence conflicts; and (3) administrators used information power to resolve conflicts with white, high SES parents.Ed. D.
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Dayton, Emily Fern. „The Creative Use of Dance/Movement Therapy Processes to Transform Intrapersonal Conflicts Associated with Sexual Trauma in Women“. PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/386.
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Abstract This qualitative research explores creative movement processes such as dance/movement therapy (DMT), authentic movement (AM), and creative dance (CD) as possible tools for transforming sexual trauma for women. Eleven movement professionals were interviewed in a semi-structured research format. My direct experience and knowledge of sexual abuse, sexual trauma, and creative movement processes are interwoven with the research question: do creative dance/movement therapy processes contribute to the dynamic of healing for women transforming sexual trauma? These findings are inconclusive for the greater population of survivors of sexual abuse and sexual trauma. However, there are indications that DMT, AM, and CD may be potential tools for recovery. This research contributes to a dialogue about sexual abuse and recovery from sexual trauma.
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Léo, Neto Nivaldo Aureliano. „Dinâmica da caça e conflitos socioambientais no sertão da Serra Negra (PE)“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9716.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This study examined the dynamics linked to hunting, a way to experience and build niches. Accordingly, the participants in this study were the Kambiwá and Pippã, indigenous people of the backcountry of Pernambuco State. Nineteen individuals (7 Kambiwá and 12 Pippã) were interviewed; they cited 58 animals as game, including 25 mammals, 29 birds and 4 reptiles. If now, due to various factors, hunting becomes less common or some of these people stop hunting because this would be seen as a tradition. Because the hunting tradition is dynamic, it is resilient in an environment where deforestation, partly by non-indigenous people and often authorized by federal agencies, causes changes. With the loss of territory of the environment of the Pipipã and Kambiwá, the indigenous people struggle to maintain it, including the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBIO). The indigenous people in question know the boundaries of their territory (ancestor and claimed) and have extensive accounts of the ancestors associated with the Serra Negra. This is moreover a conservation unit, governed by specific agencies and managed by ICMBIO. In trying to understand such conflicts and talks by the parties, four employees of that municipality as well as the indigenous individuals were interviewed. Given this, one can understand the history of environments and processes of co-evolution of organisms, acting incisively in the construction of niches. In such movements, the actions of many subjects intertwine, alerting us to the need for integrative and collaborative approaches to minimize conflicts that are generated by perceptions viewed as antagonistic, considered opposing interests while showing similarities.
Este estudo abordou a dinâmica que está atrelada à atividade de caça, ao percebê-la como uma forma de experienciar e construir os nichos. Para tal, participaram deste trabalho os povos indígenas Kambiwá e Pipipã, localizados no sertão do Estado de Pernambuco, entrevistando-se 19 índios (7 do povo Kambiwá e 12 do povo Pipipã), que citaram 58 animais, sendo 25 mamíferos, 29 aves e 4 répteis. Se atualmente, por vários fatores, a caça torna-se menos frequente, nem por isto alguns indígenas deixam de realizá-la pois esta, segundo as percepções, seria uma tradição. Por ser dinâmica, a tradição da caça encontra processos de resignificação em um ambiente no qual o desmatamento por parte de nãoíndios, muitas vezes autorizada por órgãos federais, modifica e impõe alterações. A perda do território, do ambiente do povo Pipipã e Kambiwá, faz com que a luta dos indígenas pela manutenção deste se confronte, inclusive, com o Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBIO). Os povos indígenas em questão possuem limites de seu território (ancestral e reivindicado), além de extensas narrativas sobre os antepassados, associadas à Serra Negra. Esta, por sua vez, constitui-se em uma Unidade de Conservação, regida por dispositivos específicos e gerida pelo ICMBIO. Procurando compreender tais conflitos e os discursos proferidos pelas partes, foram entrevistados quatro funcionários da referida autarquia, além dos indígenas. Diante disto, compreende-se a historicidade dos ambientes e os processos de co-evolução dos organismos, atuando incisivamente na construção dos nichos. Em tais movimentos, as ações de diversos sujeitos se emaranham, nos alertando para a necessidade de abordagens integrativas e colaborativas, minimizando conflitos que são gerados por percepções postas como antagônicas, rotuladas como oposição de interesses enquanto guardam semelhanças.
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Rutta, Carolina Beniamina. „COMIC-BASED DIGITAL STORYTELLING The use of digital storytelling in forms of comics for reflecting on situations involving conflicts“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/295307.
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This thesis presents three case studies in which comic-based digital storytelling is adopted as a means to support the reflection on particular situations involving conflicts. The potential of digital storytelling combined with the comic’s genre has been identified in previous works. Anyway, there is a need of empirical evidence on the advantages and disadvantages on which this approach can be based. Moreover, in most of the research, it has to be noted that digital comics have been identified, in the majority of the research, as a medium to access content, not to create them. Consequently, this thesis contributes to the investigation of employing digital storytelling based on comics informed by previous practices to narratives’ use. Therefore, the case studies are conducted to deeply explore how comic-based digital storytelling can support the reflection of significant troubling experiences. Quantitative and qualitative methods, related to both the user experience and the comics’ construction, are used, which show the benefits and drawbacks when adopting digital torytelling in the form of comics. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of this approach are described in the conclusion. As a matter of fact, in the conclusion, we report a final reflection on the engagement, stakeholder involvement, collaboration, technology, comics, and reflection concepts while considering possible future works on the research topic.
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Rutta, Carolina Beniamina. „COMIC-BASED DIGITAL STORYTELLING The use of digital storytelling in forms of comics for reflecting on situations involving conflicts“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/295307.
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This thesis presents three case studies in which comic-based digital storytelling is adopted as a means to support the reflection on particular situations involving conflicts. The potential of digital storytelling combined with the comic’s genre has been identified in previous works. Anyway, there is a need of empirical evidence on the advantages and disadvantages on which this approach can be based. Moreover, in most of the research, it has to be noted that digital comics have been identified, in the majority of the research, as a medium to access content, not to create them. Consequently, this thesis contributes to the investigation of employing digital storytelling based on comics informed by previous practices to narratives’ use. Therefore, the case studies are conducted to deeply explore how comic-based digital storytelling can support the reflection of significant troubling experiences. Quantitative and qualitative methods, related to both the user experience and the comics’ construction, are used, which show the benefits and drawbacks when adopting digital torytelling in the form of comics. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of this approach are described in the conclusion. As a matter of fact, in the conclusion, we report a final reflection on the engagement, stakeholder involvement, collaboration, technology, comics, and reflection concepts while considering possible future works on the research topic.
27
Kemer, Nedim. „An assessment of natural resources management conflicts in the working landscapes of Mediterranean Turkey (Türki̇ye) Köprülü Kanyon National Park /“. Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/38/.
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Moraes, Vanessa Lugin. „Uso do solo e conservação ambiental no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe e entorno (RS)“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/23706.
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A Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul abriga um mosaico de paisagens composto por cordões de dunas, áreas úmidas, campos litorâneos e um complexo de lagoas e lagunas costeiras, que dividem esse espaço com sistemas agrícolas e ocupações humanas. Localizado entre os municípios de Tavares e Mostardas, na estreita faixa de terra entre a Laguna dos Patos e o Oceano Atlântico, está o Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe. O Parque foi criado em 1986 com o objetivo principal de proteger os ecossistemas costeiros e inúmeras espécies animais, particularmente as aves costeiras e aquáticas, que encontram na região o local para alimentação, nidificação e descanso. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a relação entre as práticas de uso das terras na região do Parque e os objetivos de conservação apontados na legislação ambiental brasileira. Para tanto, foi elaborado um mapa de uso e cobertura do solo, abrangendo uma área total de 154.720,6 hectares, gerando nove classes de uso. No interior do Parque a classe de dunas é predominante, correspondendo a 45,01% da área da unidade de conservação, seguida da classe de banhados que representa 17,34%. No entorno a classe de campos representa 41,29%, seguida da rizicultura que representa 20,06%. As informações obtidas no mapeamento foram combinadas com os dados de levantamentos de campo, possibilitando a identificação dos conflitos ambientais. A silvicultura é apontada atividade de impacto significativo sobre a paisagem e os ecossistemas da região, ameaçando a integridade da vegetação nativa no interior do Parque e em suas áreas adjacentes. A pecuária e a ocupação humana desordenada também se configuram como ameaças diretas ao parque. Contudo, a resolução dos conflitos de uso esbarra na situação fundiária da unidade de conservação, que tem menos de 10% de sua área regularizada. A representação da situação atual da região possibilitou verificar o desacordo entre as atividades antrópicas e os objetivos de conservação ambiental, sendo imprescindível garantir a manutenção dos sistemas ambientais, assegurando a sustentação das atividades agropecuárias que são a base da economia da região. Nesse sentido, as estratégias de conservação apontadas para a região da Lagoa do Peixe, como a indicação das áreas prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade do bioma pampa e a consolidação dos sítios Ramsar, são fundamentais para o planejamento ambiental efetivo e adequação das formas de uso da terra.The Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul is home to a mosaic landscape composed of ridges of dunes, wetlands, coastal fields and a complex of lagoons and coastal lagoons, which share space with farming systems and human occupation. Located between the cities of Tavares and Mostardas, the narrow strip of land between the Patos Lagoon and the Atlantic Ocean, is the Lagoa do Peixe National Park. The Park was created in 1986 with the main objective to protect coastal ecosystems and numerous animal species, particularly shorebirds and waterfowl, which are in the local area for feeding, nesting and resting. This study evaluates the relationship between the practices of land use in the park and conservation objectives aimed at the Brazilian environmental legislation. The work was prepared a map for use and land cover, covering a total area of 154,720.6 ha, generating nine classes of use. Inside the park the class of dunes is predominant, accounting for 45.01% of the area of the park, then the class of wetlands that is 17.34%. In the surrounding fields of the class is 41.29%, followed by rice culture that is 20.06%. Information obtained in the mapping were combined with data from field surveys, enabling the identification of environmental conflicts. Forestry is identified as the activity with the greatest impact on the landscape and ecosystems of the region, threatening the integrity of native vegetation within the park and the adjacent areas. Cattle and disordered human occupation also stand as direct threats to the park. However, the conflict of use runs into the agrarian situation of the national park, which has less than 10% of its regularized. The representation of the current situation in the region enabled us to verify the disagreement between human activities and the goals of environmental conservation and is essential to ensure the maintenance of environmental systems, ensuring the support of agricultural activities that underlie the region's economy. In this sense, conservation strategies aimed at the region of Lagoa do Peixe, as an indication of the priority areas for biodiversity conservation of the Brazilian pampas and the consolidation of Ramsar sites are essential for effective environmental planning and adequacy of the uses of land.
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Gessesse, Fasil Mulatu. „A human rights approach to solving water conflicts over the use of trans-boundary rivers : focus on the Nile Basin“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8054.
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The objectives of the study are to: (1) Critically analyse the 1959 Nile River agreements from a human rights perspective (2) examine the applicability of international human rights law in water distribution and use and (3) investigating how human rights norms and principles can be used, if at all, as a means of solving water conflicts over the use of trans-boundary rivers. The study adopts a human rights approach in its consideration of the problem of conflicts that may arise in connection with the use of trans-boundary rivers. It is particularly significant as it seeks to explore the solution from the human rights of the people in the riparian countries. It is believed that the study will contribute to the development of basin-wide cooperation among riparians by being employed in negotiations and planning of projects.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Raymond A. Atuguba of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana Legon, Accra, Ghana
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Cavalcanti, Andréa Karla Gouveia. „Investigação sobre o uso do solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Gramame considerando os cenários atual e potencial“. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9104.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The economic growth that has been occurred in the world, especially in countries like Brazil, there was an increasingly intense search for areas occupied with agricultural, livestock and industrial activities. The occupation of these areas inappropiates is a leading cause of processes such as soil degradation, since, in general, the ability of the land is not studied before the process of allocation a use for them. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the land use in the watershed of Gramame river, upstream of the reservoir Gramame - Mamuaba, pointing conflicts, and generating information for planning by applying the methodology to determine the propensity to risk the soil loss and the definition of potential uses based on the calculation of roughness coefficient for hydrographic basins and the classification of the identified conflicts. The results indicate that the potential usage scenario of land obtained for the study area causes a greater soil loss from the land use currently found in the catchment area. It was also observed that the absence of conflicts or inadequacies was predominant in the study area was present in 47,13% of the area. The conflicts considered positives was classifieds in while 18,31% of the watershed. The situation where the use of the current soil is more appropriate than suggested according to the coefficient of roughness, featuring negative conflicts occurred only 18,31% of the total.
Com o crescimento econômico acelerado que tem ocorrido nas últimas décadas nos países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil, há uma busca cada vez mais intensa por áreas que possam ser empregadas em atividades agrícolas, pecuárias e industriais. A ocupação dessas áreas de maneira inadequada é uma das principais causas de processos como a degradação dos solos, pois, em geral, não é estudada a aptidão das terras antes de destinar um uso para as mesmas. Dessa forma, esse trabalho teve como objetivo investigar sobre o uso do solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Gramame, a montante do reservatório Gramame-Mamuaba, apontando conflitos, e gerando informações para o planejamento por meio da aplicação da metodologia de determinação da propensão ao risco à perda de solo e da definição dos usos potenciais com base no cálculo do coeficiente de rugosidade para pequenas bacias, além de classificar os conflitos identificados. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que o cenário potencial de uso das terras obtido para a área de estudo provoca uma maior perda de solo do que o uso do solo encontrado atualmente na bacia hidrográfica analisada. Foi observado também que a ausência de conflito de uso do solo foi predominante na área de estudo, estando presente em 47,13% das áreas. Os conflitos considerados positivos foram assim classificados em 34,56% da área da bacia hidrográfica. A situação em que o uso do solo atual é mais adequado do que o sugerido, conforme os critérios do coeficiente de rugosidade, caracterizando conflitos negativos, ocorreu em apenas 18,31% do total.
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Gachugu, David Mukii, und n/a. „Can monkeys and humans co-exist? Land-use and primate conservation : conflicts and solutions in Tana River National Primate Reserve, Kenya“. University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.121336.
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This study is based in Tana River National Primate Reserve (TRNPR), Kenya. The
reserve, established in 1976 to protect remnant patches of riverine forests from
increasing human pressure is home to two endemic endangered primate subspecies,
Tana River Red colobus (Colobus badius rufomitratus) and Tana River Crested
mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus). Habitat encroachment through indigenous
farming and forest uses was thought to be one of the causes of drastic colobus and
mangabey population decline after 1975. This study aimed at; generating information
on the impact of these human land-uses on the habitat, this would facilitate the
preparation of management recommendations which would improve the chances of
survival of primate habitats without compromising the welfare of indigenous people.
Using 3 sets of aerial photographs and a geographic information system, information on
land-use changes over time has been generated. A 3 month field work generated
information on agriculture, forest uses and other relevant socio-economic information.
Results from the study indicate that: (i) human population has increased by more than
two-folds between 1969 and 1991; (ii) this has not corresponded to a net increase in
forest area decrease or farm area increase; (iii) there has been a net increase in area
under forest and decrease in area under agriculture; (iv) spatial and temporal changes in
forest area explain colobus population crash observed between 1975 and 1985, (v)
indigenous farmers interviewed prefer a compromise, where they are allowed controlled
access to land within the reserve. They showed a keen knowledge of conservation costs
and benefits and cause-effect processes between humans and the environment.
Management recommendations advocate measures that encourage indigenous people to
be partners in conservation.
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Carr, Michelle Lee. „Conflicts between recreationists at Elk/Beaver Lake, Saanich, British Columbia, a study in attitudes and awareness to lake use and management“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32682.pdf.
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Xu, Shaowei Steve, und 許韶偉. „People and park conflicts in China: an observation from Shimentai nature reserve in Yingde, Guangdong Province“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B25058964.
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Leite, Ana Paula. „Discriminação do uso da terra na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araquá utilizando índices radiométricos /“. Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191148.
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Orientador: Luís Gustavo Frediani LessaResumo: O presente estudo baseia-se na aplicação das geotecnologias para discriminar o uso da terra, na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araquá, localizada nos municípios de Botucatu e São Manuel (SP). Teve como objetivo verificar a eficiência da metodologia de associação dos índices radiométricos na identificação de uso da terra, com ênfase nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente, estabelecidas conforme o Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei nº 12.727/2012). Foram, a partir de imagens do satélite Sentinel-2, produzidas as seguintes associações de índices radiométricos: NDBI-GNDVI-NDWI, NDBI-NDI45-NDWI e NDBI-NDVI-NDWI. Por meio da validação, obtida pela classificação supervisionada gerada em cada uma das três composições, foram identificados usos inadequados. Notou-se o conflito entre a ocupação desordenada de monoculturas canavieiras e as Áreas de Preservação Permanente. A associação NDBI-NDVI-NDWI foi a mais satisfatória para avaliar e discriminar o uso e ocupação da terra na bacia hidrográfica, com coeficiente Kappa de 84%.
Abstract: This study is based on the application of geotechnologies to discriminate land use in the Araquá river basin, located in the municipalities of Botucatu and São Manuel (SP). The objective was verify the efficiency of the radiometric indices association methodology in land use identification, with emphasis on the Permanent Preservation Areas, established according to the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 12.727 / 2012). From Sentinel-2 satellite images, the following radiometric index associations were produced: NDBI-GNDVI-NDWI, NDBI-NDI45-NDWI and NDBI-NDVI-NDWI. Through validation, obtained by the supervised classification generated in each of the three compositions, inappropriate uses were identified. The conflict between the disorderly occupation of sugarcane and the Permanent Preservation Areas was noted. The NDBI-NDVI-NDWI association was the most satisfactory to evaluate and discriminate land use and occupation in the watershed with a Kappa coefficient of 84%.
Mestre
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Trindade, Silas Pereira. „Aptidão agrícola, mudanças de usos dos solos, conflitos e impactos diretos e indiretos da expansão da cana-de-açúcar na região sudoeste goiano“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5047.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
During the last 40 years, Cerrado in Goiás crossed to big changes of land use associated with the Green Revolution and the Agriculture Modernization. These modifications were based on grains production, cattle raising, in minor scale, sugar cane production. Goiás Sowth-west Planning Region (RPSG) was a great notability in this scenery that, since 1980 decade, because your elevated agricultural aptness, turned great objective of Agroindustrial complexes, grains and meat and, more recently, of sugar cane. Recently, the sugar cane sector retakes your expansion starting a new phase in 2004, extending from the same anterior surface from east, where more able soils dominated. Since this, a strong and fast expansion has been realized in this route, reaching the RPSG extreme west in 2008. The present thesis objective to recognize the special standard in these two sugar cane expansion phases in RPSG, between 1985 and 2013 and identify your relations with the lands use changes and with the agricultural aptness classes, for presenting the particular spatial standards of sugar cane expansion and having uses conflicts discrepancy indicators. It was used remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques, specially SIG, for the mapping of environmental characteristics, agricultural aptness and uses and soil uses conflicts, in historic succession of representative five years of use changes and sugar cane expansion; they were 1985 and 1995 in the first phase, and 2005, 2010 and 2013 in the second phase. The cartography results were submitted on statistic analyze ANOVA Fatorial and Principal Component Analyses (PCA). The results showed that the recent sugar cane expansion presented two spatial standards: the first, until 2005, in surfaces with more agricultural aptness, before with grains culture; the second, since 2005, in moderately or very fragile soils zones, able for natural pastures or recommended for flora e fauna conservation. It still revealed that sugar cane expansion reprises the agroexporting model, this time including the national market of ethanol consumption, however, in two successive itineraries: the first, that represents the itinerary resulting of spatial selectivity irradiated type, also practiced in Agricultural Frontier expansion (1970-80), looking for more able soils to cultivates with high technology level and taking advantage of structure, specially the logistic. The second, after 2005, that runs away this standard and goes to the extreme west of region, upon less able soils, in general sandy soils, with elevated erodibility, little fertility and cohesion, named fragile soils, with pasture and Cerrado’s reminders. It discusses that this process caused direct and indirect impacts in successions of covering/cane and pasture/cane, respectively, in consequence of deforestation, upon areas with moderated or elevated use discrepancy in respect to agricultural aptness. It concludes that the sugar cane expansion is occurring in RPSG for spatial irradiated selectivity, expanding upon the best lands (1960-80 in the east) and, before, 2005, for diffusion, in dispersed spots on direction to extreme west upon less able lands with fragile soils. In the first, the impacts were directs, by reconversion grains/cane; in the second, it were directs (like the first, added for pasture/cane and remaining/cane) and indirects (grains/pasture, remaining/pasture) also associated to the remaining deforestation. It was noted that the privation/insufficiency of regulatory marks for sugar cane expansion and planning and environmental govern in levels of state and region, favoring pressure upon natural resources and the installation of environmental (un)sustentability sceneries.
Durante os últimos 40 anos, o Cerrado Goiano passou por grandes mudanças de uso do solo associadas à Revolução Verde e à Modernização da Agricultura. Estas alterações foram baseadas na produção de grãos, pecuária de corte e, em menor escala, produção sucroalcooleira. Grande destaque deste cenário foi a Região de Planejamento do Sudoeste Goiano (RPSG) que, a partir da década de 1980, devido a sua elevada aptidão agrícola, tornou-se alvo grande dos Complexos Agroindustriais, de grãos e de carne e, mais recentemente, da cana-de-açúcar. Recentemente, o Setor Sucroalcooleiro retoma sua expansão iniciando uma nova fase em 2004, se estendendo a partir da mesma área anterior a leste, onde dominam solos mais aptos. Desde então vem implementando uma forte e rápida expansão nesse rumo atingindo o extremo oeste da RPSG em 2008. A presente tese objetiva reconhecer o padrão espacial dessas duas fases da expansão da cana-de-açúcar na RPSG, entre 1985 a 2013, e identificar suas relações com as mudanças de usos dos solos e as classes de aptidão agrícola, de modo a apresentar os padrões espaciais específicos da expansão canavieira e obter indicadores de discrepância e conflitos de usos. Utilizou-se técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, sobretudo SIG para o mapeamento do meio físico, da aptidão agrícola e dos usos e conflitos de uso do solo, em sucessão histórica de cinco anos representativos das mudanças de uso e da expansão da cana, sendo 1985 e 1995 da primeira fase e 2005, 2010 e 2013 da segunda. Os resultados cartográficos foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA Fatorial e Análise das Componentes Principais (PCA). Os resultados revelaram que a recente expansão da cana apresentou dois padrões espaciais: o primeiro (até 2005), nas áreas de maior aptidão agrícola, antes com cultivo de grãos; o segundo, desde 2005, nas áreas de solos moderadamente e muito frágeis, aptas para pastagens naturais e, ou conservação de flora e fauna. Ainda revelaram que a expansão canavieira reprisa o modelo agroexportador, desta vez incluindo o mercado nacional de consumo do etanol, porém em dois itinerários sucessivos: o primeiro representa o itinerário resultante de seletividade espacial do tipo irradiado, também praticado na expansão da Fronteira Agrícola (1970-80), buscando solos mais aptos às lavouras altamente tecnificadas, aproveitando a infraestrutura e, principalmente a logística da região. O segundo, de 2005 em diante, que foge desse padrão e segue rumo ao extremo oeste da região, sobre solos menos aptos, em geral arenosos, de elevada erodibilidade, baixa fertilidade e coesão, ditos frágeis, com pastagens e remanescentes de Cerrado. Discute-se que esse processo causa impactos diretos e indiretos nas sucessões de cobertura/cana e pastagem/cana, respectivamente, em consequência de desmatamento, sobre áreas de moderada a elevada discrepância de uso em relação à aptidão agrícola. Conclui-se que a expansão canavieira na RPSG vem ocorrendo por seletividade espacial de padrão irradiado, expandindo-se sobre as melhores terras (1960-80 no leste em 2004) e, após 2005, por difusão, em manchas dispersas em direção ao extremo oeste sobre terras menos aptas com solos frágeis. Nas primeiras os impactos foram diretos, por reconversão grãos/cana, nos segundos foram diretos (idem mais pastagens/cana e remanescentes/cana) e indiretos (grãos/pastagens, remanescentes/pastagens) associados também ao desmatamento de remanescentes. Nota-se a falta/insuficiência de marcos regulatórios para a expansão canavieira e de planejamento e governança ambiental nos níveis estadual e regional, favorecendo pressão sobre os recursos naturais e a instalação de cenários de insustentabilidade ambiental.
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Nemarundwe, Nontokozo. „Negotiating resource access : institutional arrangements for woodlands and water use in southern Zimbabwe /“. Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a408.pdf.
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Thampy, Gayatri S. „INDIGENOUS CONTESTATIONS OF SHIFTING PROPERTY REGIMES: LAND CONFLICTS AND THE NGOBE IN BOCAS DEL TORO, PANAMA“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365428854.
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Ströer, Sarah [Verfasser]. „Violent Language and Its Use in Religious Conflicts in Elizabethan England : Discourses on Values and Norms in the Marprelate Controversy (1588/89) / Sarah Ströer“. Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191647811/34.
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Brewer, Paul J. „Allocation and computation in rail networks : a binary conflicts ascending price mechanism (BICAP) for the decentralized allocation of the right to use railroad tracks“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1995. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09172007-152133.
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Radford, Barbara Louisa Lutey. „The Use of Prospect Theory in Evaluating the Political Decision Making Process During International Conflicts: Six-Day War of 1967 and Syria Crisis of 2013“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311780.
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Magsi, Habibullah. „Les conflits d’usages dans les pays en voie de développement : stratégies de résolution et de prévention pour assurer la croissance économique et le bien-être humain. Le cas du barrage de Chotiari au Pakistan“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0027/document.
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Ce travail est consacré à l'analyse des outils et méthodes de prévention et de pilotage des conflits d'usage dans les pays en voie de développement, et plus particulièrement à l'étude des conflits liés à l'installation de nouvelles infrastructures, qui ont provoqué l'expropriation d'habitations et d'exploitations agricoles ainsi que la disparition de nombreuses ressources productives dans les espaces ruraux. L'étude se fonde sur le cas du barrage de Chotiari, au Pakistan, avec une analyse de l'impact du projet sur les ressources naturelles et socio-économiques de la région, ainsi que des racines de ce conflit. Une attention particulière est accordée au réseau d'acteurs utilisateurs de l'espace, ainsi qu'à la violation des droits de propriété, qui a provoqué des asymétries de pouvoir et conduit à la montée des conflits d'usage de l'espace. Notre recherche montre que les conflits résultant du lancement de ce projet résultent de causes structurelles (tels que des décisions unilatérales, l'absence d'études et d'expertises scientifiques et techniques, la corruption, l'importance d'intérêt internationaux et l'absence de politique nationale d'intégration) comme de facteurs plus locaux (comme le népotisme, la diversité ethnique et l'illettrisme). Par ailleurs, les déplacements forcés de populations locales ont conduit à une multiplication des oppositions et des confrontations. Pour finir nous tirons de ces résultats un certain nombre de recommandations en termes de prévention et de pilotage des conflits, fondées sur la mobilisation des relations de proximitéThis research discusses the tools of land use conflict analysis and methods for their prevention and management, on the basis of existing conflicts created by infrastructural projects in developing countries. Such conflicts have entailed expropriation of homes, farm businesses and other productive resources in rural settings. Specifically, we use data from the case of Chotiari water reservoir project in Pakistan, where we put stress on project impacts on socio-economic and natural resource values in the region, by highlighting root causes of the conflicts with response to land use decision. We also paid attention on the network of actors over land use and property right violation, which have created dissimilar power distribution and significant land use conflicts. Through this research we show that conflicts created by the project have resulted from structural factors (unilateral decision, lack of technical and scientific investigation, corruption, international interest, and non-existence of national resettlement policy) and proximate factors (nepotism, ethnic diversity/disarray, and illiteracy). Moreover, forceful displacement of local population has led for multiplication of the confrontations. From these results, we provide helpful insights and information for the recommendations in terms of land use conflict prevention and management, mainly based on proximity relations analysis
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Harich, Franziska K. [Verfasser], und Anna [Akademischer Betreuer] Treydte. „Conflicts of human land-use and conservation areas : the case of Asian elephants in rubber-dominated landscapes of Southeast Asia / Franziska K. Harich ; Betreuer: Anna Treydte“. Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139048333/34.
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Koch, Sebastian Verfasser], Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bögeholz und Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Faust. „Natural Resource Use Conflicts in Indonesia: A Challenge for Sustainable Development and Education for Sustainable Development / Sebastian Koch. Gutachter: Susanne Bögeholz ; Heiko Faust. Betreuer: Susanne Bögeholz“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1042303371/34.
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Sundberg, Wallman Max. „I allmänhetens tjänst? : en fallstudie över intressekonflikter mellan kommuners fysiska planering och riksintressen för totalförsvarets militära del“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160955.
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Abstract The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the conflicts of interests that may arise between the differing land use needs of a municipal planning agency and The Swedish Armed Forces. The study is based on three distinct cases located in the municipalities of Umeå, Luleå and the region of Gotland; each respective case presents unique contextual factors at the local level and these also serves to exemplify the issue at a national level. The work has been carried out as a case study and the methods employed were research interviews, document-based research and literature studies. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the planning practice used by the respective municipal planning agencies and that employed by The Swedish Armed Forces in terms of differing aims, methods and outcomes. The study also highlighted how the outcome of each case was dependent upon a combination of contextual factors and the impact of external factors such as national politics, changing security policy, urban development and progression of the environmental legislation. In short, The Swedish Armed Forces is a land use agency that has had significant impact on the municipal planning in each of the locations that has been studied. In a Swedish context, their land use needs are classified as being of national interest and thusly have precedence over competing land use claims. These factors have combined to create conditions in which municipal planning is, to some extent, often restricted by the land use needs of The Swedish Armed Forces.
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Ventura, Pujolar Montserrat. „Conflictes socioterriorials i participació pública en la gestió de l'aigua de la conca del riu Muga (Alt Empordà)“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7900.
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Conflictes socioterritorials i participació pública en la gestió de l'aigua de la conca del riu Muga (Alt Empordà) és un treball que incideix sobre la conflictivitat en la gestió dels rius mediterranis i prospecta en la participació pública -activa i vinculant- per a la resolució de conflictes i la planificació i gestió dels recursos hídrics. En concret, s'ha intentat donar resposta a cinc objectius:Objectius del marc teòric
- Comprovar l'existència de dos discursos antagònics (radicalment oposats) en l'esfera social, científica i de gestió dels rius que generen conflicte i que són insostenibles per a una gestió integral dels recursos fluvials: el discurs antropocèntric i el discurs ecocèntric.
Matèria d'estudi: L'excepcionalisme humà i l'ecologia profunda en la societat; Les disciplines de la regulació de l'aigua i de l'ecologia fluvial en la ciència; El contracte antropocèntric i el balanç ecocèntric en la gestió; El discurs ambiental (el riu antròpic i ecosistemàtic).
- Valorar si les estratègies de participació pública (que involucren als agents socials) gaudeixen -respecte els processos de decisió unilaterals (siguin autoritàries o arbitràries)- de més garanties per corregir i prevenir conflictes desconstructius relacionats amb l'aigua i els recursos fluvials.
Matèria d'estudi: Definició de conflicte en positiu; L'estratègia de cooperació i consens en la Resolució Alternativa de Disputes (Alternative Dispute Resolution) i 13 casos resolts de conflictes per l'aigua a l'Oest dels Estats Units; Bases d'un pla de gestió integral, adaptatiu i participatiu i el cas del San Joaquin River Management Plan (Califòrnia, Estats Units).
Objectius del marc pràctic. Conca del riu Muga (Alt Empordà)
- Contextualitzar la diversificació i intensificació dels usos de l'aigua dins un procés de canvi dels usos del sòl, particularment accelerat a partir de la dècada de 1960 i objecte de problemàtiques socioterritorials d'ençà de la dècada de 1980. Cartografia i matriu de canvi dels usos del sòl de la conca anys 1993 i 1957.
Matèria d'estudi: Cartografia i estadística dels usos del sòl de la conca del riu Muga (49 municipis altempordanesos, 1.050 km2), anys 1957 i 1993. Retrospectiva dels espais forestals, d'aigua, conreats i urbanitzats.
- Identificar i descriure les tensions i conflictes en l'ús de l'aigua, així com les característiques de les solucions adoptades en el període 1980-2000. Constatar si determinades solucions estructurals han esdevingut problemàtiques a mig o llarg termini, i estimar la probabilitat de conflictes futurs.
Matèria d'estudi: 50 incidents problemàtics en abastament d'aigua (26 tensions i 24 conflictes) i 53 mesures per fer-hi front (12 d'adaptació de la demanda i 41 d'adaptació de l'oferta d'aigua) entre els anys 1980 i 2000, i diferenciant dues unitats territorials de la conca (la Muga interior i la plana de la Muga).
- Caracteritzar quins són els temes en matèria d'aigua que no disposen de consens entre els agents socioeconòmics, tècnics i polítics locals reunits en les sessions de discussió del projecte MUGA. Determinar si les estratègies participatives poden prosperar perquè són factibles i idònies.
Matèria d'estudi: Projecte MUGA: Gestión del recurso agua con participación de agentes. Estudio para la cuenca del río Muga (Girona), 2000-2003 - UAB i UdG; La dissensió d'opinions dels 30 participants a les 4 sessions de discussió entorn l'ús i gestió de l'aigua de la conca de la Muga; 6 temes de conflicte, 14 subtemes i 31 punts de discussió, 9 dels quals punts calents de conflicte (destructius i indicadors de punts de disfunció en la gestió de l'aigua de la conca).
Social territorial conflicts and public participation in water management in the Muga river basin (Alt Empordà) focuses on conflicts generated by the management of Mediterranean rivers and examines the role of active and legally binding public participation in resolving conflicts and managing water resources. Specifically, the study set out to achieve five aims:
Theoretical aims
- To demonstrate that there are two antagonistic (radically opposed) positions - anthropocentrism and ecocentrism - in the social, scientific, and management spheres that generate conflict and impede a sustainable integrated management of river resources.
Study material: human exceptionalism and deep ecology in society; water regulatory and river ecology disciplines in science; the anthropocentric contract and ecocentric balance in management; environmental discourse (the anthropic and ecosystemic river).
- To determine whether public participation strategies (involving social agents) provide greater guarantees than unilateral decision-making processes (whether arbitrary or authoritarian) of resolving and preventing destructive conflicts in the area of water and river resources.
Study material: definition of positive conflict; cooperation and consensus building in alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and 13 case studies of water conflicts that were resolved in western United States; conditions for an integrated, adaptive, and participative management plan, and the San Joaquin River Management Plan (California, United States).
Practical aims. Muga River Basin (Alt Empordà)
- To contextualise the diversification and intensification of the use of water against a background of changing land uses, a process which rapidly gained ground from the 1960s onwards and became a source of social territorial conflict in the 1980s.
Study material: land-use maps and statistics from 1957 and 1993 for the Muga river basin (49 municipalities in the Alt Empordà region and a total surface area of 1,050 km2). Retrospective analysis of forested, water-covered, cultivated, and developed areas.
- To identify and describe tensions and conflicts over water use and the different solutions adopted between 1980 and 2000. To determine if certain structural solutions have become a source of confrontation in the medium or long term, and to assess the likelihood of future conflicts.
Study material: 50 water supply incidents (26 tensions and 24 conflicts) and 53 measures adopted to resolve these incidents between 1980 and 2000 (12 demand-management measures and 41 supply-management actions); differentiation between two areas of the Muga river basin (interior and plain).
- To discern which water issues are the source of discord among the different socio-economic, technical, and political agents participating in the MUGA project's focus group sessions. To determine if new participative strategies in the near future are necessary and likely to succeed.
Study material: The MUGA project: management of Muga water resources with agent participation. Muga river basin study (Girona), 2000/03 - Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) and University of Girona (UdG); conflicting opinions among the 30 participants in the four focus-group sessions held on water use and management in the Muga river basin; 6 conflictive issues, 14 sub-issues, and 31 points of dispute, 9 of which were sources of intense conflict (destructive and indicative of inappropriate river basin management).
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Akhter, Tasneem [Verfasser], Konrad [Akademischer Betreuer] Hagedorn, Harald von [Akademischer Betreuer] Witzke und Hafiz Zahid [Akademischer Betreuer] Mahmood. „The role of property rights for land degradation and land use conflicts : the case of Wetland in Gujranwala (Pakistan) / Tasneem Akhter. Gutachter: Konrad Hagedorn ; Harald von Witzke ; Hafiz Zahid Mahmood“. Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101501688X/34.
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Maia, Luizete Maria da Silva. „Identificação do uso e cobertura do solo e das áreas de preservação permanente do setor de expansão do Distrito Industrial de Manaus, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG)“. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2006. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4511.
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The Industrial District that appeared with the creation of the Supervision of the Zona Franca of Manaus - SUFRAMA, exactly possessing a planning with an daily pay-established Managing Plan, is concern reason how much its occupation mainly in relation to the Ambient Legislation of the country. The Industrial district meets busy total, however, the sector of expansion of the Industrial District, that is contiguous to District 1 and of it being part, meets in occupation phase. With the objective to verify if this occupation take care of to the one that establish the Environmental Laws, was found for good to proceed this study. To reach established objectives how much to the identification of the use and covering of the ground and the areas of permanent preservation with the use of techniques of remote sensorial and systems of geographic information, several techniques had been used. The principle had been used the images of satellite CBERS-CCD, acquired of the INPE, that first was having as base the letters of limit, water courses and arruaments of the District. Later, in the composed image for the bands, 3, 4 and 2 of satellite CBERS, identified areas of training, whose use and occupation if had knowledge what it made possible use of classifying algorithms PJPED, MINDIST and MAXLIKE, existing in software IDRISI Kilimanjaro. Later, after analysis of the gotten thematic maps, if concluded that the classifier that better inspiration the studied region was the MAXLIKE. To the map acquired for this method, it became junction of other information on the area, as busy lots for companies and of the lot destined to a unit of ambient conservation, resulting in the thematic map of use and covering of the ground, of which if it can get as resulted that 50.42% of its area are busy for Dense Forest; 4,07% for constructions; 12,12% are atrophic area; 31,36% are vegetation of regeneration and 2.03% for irregular occupation. To follow, with the use of existing resources in software ArcView and IDRISI Kilimanjaro some procedures in the letters of level curves and courses of water, what it allowed to get maps in which if can conclude that, how much to the rise of the land in study had been executed, do not have no area with superior declivity 45%, that they would be the areas with use restriction on the basis of the Ambient Legislation. How much to the Thematic Map of Permanent Preservation in relation to the water course that resulted in use conflicts, it allowed to identify that for the total area of 5.760 it has the area of 97,82 only has possess use conflicts. After this results concluded that image used in this studies, with resolution space of 20 meters, that resulted in the Map of Use and Covering of the Ground, Map of Preservation and Map of Conflicts of Use made possible to get of form satisfactory resulted that they are the same with that was verified one in the place, that the area with use conflicts is minimum in relation to the total size of the area of the Expansion of the DI and that, for sectors that they possess planning for air occupation that they are on its responsibility, as it is the case of the area of studies, is perfectly viable that the occupation if gives in perfect accord with the Ambient Legislation in vigor and that the Suframa makes use of resources that allow to monitor the occupation of the Sector of Expansion of the DI, will be able to remain promoting the regional development with the preservation of the nature.
O Distrito Industrial de Manaus, que surgiu com a criação da Superintendência da Zona Franca da Manaus – SUFRAMA, mesmo possuindo um planejamento com um Plano Diretor pré-estabelecido, é motivo de preocupação quanto a sua ocupação principalmente em relação à Legislação Ambiental do País. O Distrito Industrial 1 encontra-se totalmente ocupado, porém o Setor de Expansão do Distrito Industrial, que é contíguo ao Distrito 1 e dele fazendo parte, encontra-se em fase de ocupação. Com o objetivo de verificar se essa ocupação atende ao que estabelecem as Leis Ambientais, achou-se por bem proceder esse estudo. Para se atingir os objetivos estabelecidos quanto à identificação do uso e cobertura do solo e das áreas de preservação permanente com a utilização de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e sistemas de informações geográficas, várias técnicas foram utilizadas. A princípio foram utilizadas as imagens do satélite CBERS – CCD, adquiridas do INPE, que primeiramente foi georreferenciada tendo como base as cartas de limite, cursos d’água e arruamento do Distrito. Posteriormente, na imagem composta pelas bandas 3, 4 e 2 do satélite CBERS, identificou-se áreas de treinamento, cujo uso e ocupação se tinha conhecimento, o que possibilitou a utilização dos algoritmos classificadores PIPED, MINDIST e MAXLIKE, existentes no software IDRISI Kilimanjaro. Posteriormente, após análise dos mapas temáticos obtido, se concluiu que o classificador que melhor espelhou a região estudada foi o MAXLIKE. Ao mapa adquirido por este método, fez-se a junção de outras informações sobre a área, como lotes ocupados por empresas e do lote destinado a uma unidade de conservação ambiental, resultando no Mapa Temático de Uso e Cobertura do Solo, do qual se pode obter como resultado que 50,42% de sua área é ocupada por Floresta Densa, 4,07 % por Construções, 12,12% é Área Antropizada, 31,36% é Vegetação de Regeneração e 2,03% por Ocupação Irregular. A seguir, com a utilização de recursos existentes no software ArcView e IDRISI Kilimanjaro foram executados vários procedimentos nas cartas de curvas de nível e cursos d’água, o que permitiu obter mapas nos quais se pôde concluir que, quanto à elevação do terreno em estudo, não há nenhuma área com declividade superior a 45°, que seriam as áreas com restrição de uso com base na Legislação Ambiental. Quanto ao Mapa Temático de Preservação Permanente em relação ao curso d’água, que resultou no Mapa de Conflitos de Uso, permitiu identificar que para a área total de 5.760 ha., somente a área de 97,82 ha. possui conflitos de uso. Após estes resultados concluiu-se que a imagem utilizada nestes estudos, com resolução espacial de 20 metros, que resultou no Mapa de Uso e Cobertura do Solo, Mapa de Preservação Permanente e Mapa de Conflitos de Uso possibilitou obter de forma satisfatória resultados que são condizentes com o verificado no local, que a área com conflitos de uso é mínima em relação ao tamanho total da área da Expansão do DI e que, para setores que possuem planejamento para ocupação de áreas que estão sobre a sua responsabilidade, como é o caso da área de estudos, é perfeitamente viável que a ocupação se dê em perfeita consonância com a Legislação Ambiental em vigor, e que a SUFRAMA, que dispõe de recursos que permitem monitorar a ocupação do Setor de Expansão do DI poderá permanecer promovendo o desenvolvimento regional com a preservação da natureza.
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Folador, Benice. „Identificação de áreas de preservação permanente e de conflitos potenciais de uso no setor centro-leste do planalto de Francisco Beltrão - SW/PR“. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/130.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-07The survey shows permanent preservation areas and use of potential conflicts in the sector East-Central Plateau of Francisco Beltrão, Southwest of Paraná. The analysis was performed based on the recognition of the physical topography and hydrography characteristics as well as the existing land use in the area using geoprocessing techniques. The sectors of APP were individualized according to the Brazilian Forest Code in force. The study area presents 139,061.81 ha, of which 26,515.60 ha are considered environmentally sensitive areas. In accordance with the APP categories analyzed APP (relief elevations, slope above 30°, hydrography), and what the Forest Code defines as APP, 19% of the area study are protected by law. Types of APP in the area studied, the preservation along the waterways accounts for the largest size of protected areas (15,218.93ha). The lowest shares among the APP corresponding to the slopes greater than 45° (2,190.23ha), and APP category Morro (1,155.59 ha). It was identified five classes of land use in central-eastern sector of the Plateau Francisco Beltrão: crops harvested representing 9.20% of total; forest, with 25.43% of the total, urban area 3.05% of the total, crop developing the total 31.88% and 30.43% exposed soil. The conflict areas of use are concentrated along the river bank Chopim and its tributaries near the confluence. The areas of conflict related to the springs channels are distributed randomly across the study area. The APP occupied by forests was considered appropriate use of land and add up to total of 13,103.70 ha. Those areas that were indicated by variables such as topography and hydrography of APP and that the land use analysis showed occupation either with the developing crop, harvested crops, bare soil or urban area, were considered inappropriate land use. These represent the area of 12,128.50 ha in east-central sector of the Plateau Francisco Beltrão.
A pesquisa apresenta as áreas de preservação permanente e de conflitos potenciais de uso no setor centro-leste do Planalto de Francisco Beltrão, Sudoeste do Paraná. A análise foi efetuada a partir do reconhecimento das características físicas de relevo e hidrografia, bem como do uso do solo existente na área, utilizando-se de técnicas do geoprocessamento. Os setores de APP foram individualizados de acordo com o trata o Código Florestal Brasileiro vigente. A área estudada apresenta 139.061,81ha, dos quais 26.515,60 ha são consideradas áreas sensíveis ao meio ambiente. De acordo com as categorias de APP analisadas (elevações do relevo, declividade acima de 30º, hidrografia), e com o que define o Código Florestal como APP, 19% da área de estudo são protegidas pela legislação. Dos tipos de APP existentes na área estudada, a preservação ao longo dos cursos d água responde pela maior extensão das áreas protegidas (15.218,93ha). As menores participações entre as APP correspondem às encostas com declividade superior a 45° (2.190,23ha), e as APP de categoria Morro (1.155,59 ha). Identificou-se cinco classes de uso do solo no setor centro leste do Planalto de Francisco Beltrão: lavoura colhida, representa 9,20% do total; floresta, com 25,43% do total; área urbana 3,05% do total; lavoura em desenvolvimento 31,88% do total e solo exposto 30,43%. As áreas de conflito de uso concentram-se ao longo da margem do rio Chopim, bem como de seus afluentes nas proximidades da confluência. As áreas de conflito relacionadas as nascentes de canais constituem grande número, distribuídas aleatoriamente em toda a área de estudo. As APP ocupadas com florestas foram consideradas uso adequado do solo e perfazem total de 13.103,70ha. Aquelas áreas que foram indicadas pelas variáveis relevo e hidrografia como de APP e que a análise de uso do solo mostrou ocupação, seja com lavoura em desenvolvimento, lavoura colhida, área urbana ou solo exposto, foram consideradas uso inadequado do solo. Essas representam área de 12.128,50ha no setor centro-leste do Planalto de Francisco Beltrão.
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Araújo, Luís Ricardo Rodrigues de. „Conflitos territoriais no processo de implantação da reserva extrativista (RESEX) do litoral sul de Sergipe“. Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5569.
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The Extractive Reserve , which is evident by the law 9.985/2000 is an area of public domain to be used by traditional extractive populations whose livelihood is based on the extractivism and, additionally , on subsistence agriculture and breeding of small size, and has as objective protect the livelihoods and culture of these populations , and to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources unit ( BRAZIL , 2000) . Thus , to see this issue more closely , we chose this survey in the State of Sergipe , especially in the estuarine zone of Piauí and Fundo rivers , covering streams and fragile ecosystems of Municipalities Itaporanga D´Ajuda, Indiaroba and Santa Luzia Itanhy in whose areas is being made possible the possibility of creating and implementing the Extractive Reserve of the South Coast . Had as objective to evaluate conflicts of use / appropriation locked around the process of implementing the Extractive Reserve of the south coast of Sergipe . The methodological approach to structure the research in question was developed through analysis of landscape units . In order to characterize the social actors involved in the data collection procedure , the instruments of interviews and literature were used . For both , this search was structured through a qualitative and quantitative approach , guided by the analysis of landscape units . Finally , it is reiterated that this research did not seek the development of absolute truths but rather a scientific knowledge grounded in previously defined methodology. At the end of the research and preparation of this thesis, it was realized that the established territorial conflicts around the deployment process RESEX South Coast of Sergipe configures multiple territories that affect the social actors involved in the process from appropriation by actors social engaged in commercial activities, and social reappropriation of space by traditional communities. Produced and exposed results in this thesis can serve for the agents involved in the conflicts themselves as a material awareness and self-criticism , assisting in the search for ways to mediate conflicts .A Reserva Extrativista, pelo que se depreende da lei 9.985/2000 é uma área de domínio público que deve ser utilizada por populações extrativistas tradicionais, cuja subsistência baseia-se no extrativismo e, complementarmente, na agricultura de subsistência e na criação de animais de pequeno porte, e tem como objetivos básicos proteger os meios de vida e a cultura dessas populações, e assegurar o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais da unidade (BRASIL, 2000). Desse modo, para se enxergar mais de perto tal questão, optou-se por esta pesquisa realizada no Estado de Sergipe, sobretudo na zona estuarina dos rios Piauí e Fundo, abrangendo cursos D Água e ecossistemas frágeis dos Municípios de Itaporanga D Ajuda, Estância, Indiaroba e Santa Luzia do Itanhy, em cujas áreas está sendo viabilizada a possibilidade de criação e implantação da Reserva Extrativista do Litoral Sul . Teve-se como objetivo avaliar os conflitos de uso/apropriação travados em torno do processo de implantação da Reserva Extrativista do Litoral Sul de Sergipe. A abordagem metodológica que estrutura a pesquisa em questão desenvolveu-se através da análise das unidades de paisagem. Visando caracterizar os atores sociais envolvidos, no procedimento de coleta de dados, foram utilizados os instrumentos de entrevistas e pesquisa bibliográfica. Para tanto, tal coleta foi estruturada através de uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, orientada pela análise das unidades de paisagem. Por fim, reitera-se que esta pesquisa não buscou a elaboração de verdades absolutas e sim de um conhecimento científico embasado em metodologia previamente definida. Ao término da pesquisa e elaboração desta dissertação, percebeu-se que os conflitos territoriais estabelecidos em torno do processo de implantação da RESEX do Litoral Sul de Sergipe configuram múltiplas territorialidades que atingem os atores sociais envolvidos no processo a partir da apropriação, por parte de atores sociais envolvidos em atividades comerciais, e Reapropriação social do espaço pelas comunidades tradicionais. Os resultados produzidos e expostos nesta dissertação podem servir para os próprios agentes envolvidos nos conflitos como um material de sensibilização e autocrítica, auxiliando na busca por formas para mediação dos conflitos.
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Ogunade, Feyi. „Internal armed conflicts and humanitarian intervention for human rights, democratic governance and regional security in West Africa : The case of ecomog and the UN's use of force in Liberia and Sierra Leone“. Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516584.
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