Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Conditions non locales“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Conditions non locales"
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Bouziani, Abdelfatah. „Solution forte d'un problème mixte avec conditions non locales pour une classe d'équations hyperboliques“. Bulletin de la Classe des sciences 8, Nr. 1 (1997): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/barb.1997.27797.
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Mouttet, R., B. Comet, M. Faivre-Pierret, B. Coche-Dequéant, M. Degardin, J. L. Lefebvre, T. Lacornerie und É. Lartigau. „Réirradiation en conditions stéréotaxiques de récidives locales de cancers non–épidermoïdes de la tête et du cou“. Cancer/Radiothérapie 14, Nr. 6-7 (Oktober 2010): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canrad.2010.07.509.
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Bénéteau, Marcel. „L’art perdu de « faire des chansons » : la chanson de composition locale dans la région du Détroit“. Cahiers Charlevoix 10 (05.04.2017): 255–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039294ar.
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L’ethnologue Marcel Bénéteau s’intéresse à la chanson de composition locale, un secteur négligé dans le domaine de la chanson folklorique. Le plus souvent créées par des non-professionnels sur des airs connus, les chansons de ce type ont longtemps été considérées par les experts comme étant de facture maladroite, de contenu douteux et de valeur insignifiante comparées aux pièces importées de la France à l’époque coloniale. Conséquemment, les grands folkloristes du Canada français les ont peu recueillies. Pourtant, la facture de telles chansons, qui commémorent des événements locaux, qui mettent en valeur des incidents de la petite histoire et qui commentent les conditions sociales dans les communautés en question, est au coeur même de la démarche folklorique. « Faire des chansons » est une pratique qui engage les gens dans un dialogue avec la tradition et les amène à situer leur vécu dans le contexte plus large d’un procédé transmis d’une génération à l’autre. À partir d’un corpus de chansons locales composées dans la région de Windsor, l’auteur analyse les modalités de cet art de « faire des chansons », depuis l’appropriation et l’adaptation de chants existants jusqu’à la création de nouvelles chansons. De plus, il s’intéresse à la fonction sociale des chansons locales ainsi qu’à leur apport aux études ethnologiques, linguistiques et historiques.
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Gil Villa, Fernando. „La función social punitiva en Iberoamérica. Circunstancias globales y locales“. URVIO. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, Nr. 24 (10.05.2019): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/urvio.24.2019.3762.
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El presente trabajo pretende analizar las circunstancias que rodean la dualidad contradictoria presente en la función social de los centros penitenciarios –castigo y rehabilitación–, teniendo en cuenta dos elementos: los debates adyacentes sobre inseguridad y los discursos presentes en la opinión pública, las organizaciones políticas y los intelectuales. Tendencias como la virtualización de la delincuencia, el cambio de énfasis del aspecto físico al aspecto simbólico de la violencia y la vulnerabilidad de las clases medias, eventualmente electorados de corte populista, no permiten pronosticar un decrecimiento de las poblaciones carcelarias en América Latina o una mejora de sus condiciones de vida, pese a los esfuerzos de algunos sistemas judiciales y penales, así como organizaciones interestatales y no gubernamentales.
Abstract
The article analyzes the circumstances surrounding the contradictory duality present in the social function of the penitentiary centers (punishment and rehabilitation) taking into account two elements: the adjacent debates about insecurity, and the discourses instigated by public opinion, political organizations and intellectuals. Trends such as the virtualization of delinquency, the change of emphasis from the physical aspect to the symbolic aspect of violence, the vulnerability of the middle classes (eventually populist electorates) do not allow us to predict a decrease in prison populations in Latin America or an improvement of their living conditions, despite the efforts of some judicial and criminal systems, as well as inter-state and non-governmental organizations.
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Felouzis, Georges. „Repenser les inégalités à l'université. Des inégalités sociales aux inégalités locales dans trois disciplines universitaires“. Sociétés contemporaines 38, Nr. 2 (01.07.2000): 67–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/soco.p2000.38n1.0067.
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Résumé RÉSUMÉ 1: Cet article propose une réflexion sur les conditions de la réussite universitaire à partir d’une enquête empirique portant sur le parcours de plus de 7 000 étudiants entrés en 1992 en première année, et suivis pendant quatre ans, en droit, géographie et sciences de la matière. Il apparaît que les inégalités dans l’accès aux diplômes dépendent bien plus étroitement du lieu de formation que de l’origine sociale des étudiants. Les chances d’accès au DEUG peuvent ainsi varier du simple au double selon le lieu d’étude pour des étudiants semblables (selon l’âge, le sexe, l’origine sociale et la série du Baccalauréat). Il devient alors nécessaire de repenser la question des inégalités à l’Université: non plus en termes de reproduction, mais de dispersion; non plus en termes de système, mais d’acteurs dont l’action s’inscrit au sein de contextes locaux déterminants. La question devient alors de savoir comment articuler les missions nationales de l’Université (distribution de diplômes, formation, etc.) et leur réalisation concrète dans ces différents espaces locaux.
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Zhe, JI. „Religion, jeunesse et modernité: Le camp d’été, nouvelle pratique rituelle du bouddhisme chinois“. Social Compass 58, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2011): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768611421133.
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La reconstruction religieuse en Chine contemporaine implique non seulement des adaptations stratégiques aux conditions socio-politiques locales, mais aussi des réponses novatrices aux défis modernes dans leur généralité, tels que le moindre taux de participation des jeunes aux rituels en raison de l’affirmation de l’autonomie et de la mobilité individuelles. Sur la base d’une étude de cas portant sur un camp d’été bouddhique, l’auteur analyse dans quelle mesure le camp constitue une nouvelle forme de mobilisation religieuse des jeunes. Au-delà des limites de la communauté habituelle et du calendrier traditionnel, le camp crée un contexte temporaire et ambivalent de pratique collective, dans lequel les frontières entre croyants et non-croyants, entre religieux et non-religieux deviennent flexibles, ce qui permet de mieux répondre aux besoins d’ouverture identitaire et d’expérimentation sociale de la jeunesse.
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Pigg, Stacy Leigh. „Les politiques de développement et les politiques de la santé“. Anthropologie et Sociétés 25, Nr. 1 (06.09.2002): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000209ar.
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Résumé Cet article prend le programme de prévention du sida au Népal comme étude de cas pour réfléchir sur l’intersection entre les programmes internationaux de bien-être social et les politiques locales du développement. Il s’agit d’examiner comment un modèle progressiste mettant l’accent sur les conditions sociales qui favorisent l’infection au VIH s’est transformé dans la pratique, à la faveur de son application par des organisations non gouvernementales à travers la rationalité courante de l’appareil népalais de développement. Loin de remettre en question les rapports de pouvoir qui perpétuent les modèles de mauvaise santé, la réponse au sida issue des pratiques des ONG a davantage stigmatisé les groupes marginaux, spécialement les populations des castes inférieures et les travailleuses du sexe appartenant à une minorité ethnique, en les ciblant comme des gens qui « ont besoin » des interventions de prévention du sida. Pour comprendre comment et pourquoi cela a pu se produire, il faut examiner les pratiques de développement des ONG au sein du contexte politique dans lequel elles agissent. Les analyses des réponses sociales au sida dans des pays du Sud doivent tenir compte des façons dont les politiques locales de développement s’immiscent même dans les stratégies les plus progressistes de prévention du sida.
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Pepper, John W. „Simple Models of Assortment through Environmental Feedback“. Artificial Life 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2007.13.1.1.
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Social evolution depends critically on assortment, or segregation versus even mixing, between cooperators and noncooperators. Altruistic traits, which reduce the absolute fitness of their bearers, cannot evolve without positive assortment (excess segregation). The question of how positive assortment can arise has been controversial, but most evolutionary biologists believe that common descent is the only effective general mechanism. Here I investigate another recently proposed mechanism for generating nonrandom assortment, termed environmental feedback. This requires only that two forms of a trait affect the quality of the local environment differently in such a way that all individuals are more likely to leave low-quality locales. Experiments with simple computational models confirm that environmental feedback generates significant levels of genetic similarity among non-kin within locales. The mechanism is fairly general, and can under some conditions produce levels of genetic similarity comparable to those resulting from close genealogical relationship. Environmental feedback can also generate the negative assortment necessary for the evolution of spiteful traits. Environmental feedback is expected to create positive frequency-dependent selection, which thus favor any social trait that becomes common in the population. Results from this stylized model suggest that environmental feedback could be important in the evolution of both cooperation and spite, within as well as between species.
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Polesny, Zbynek, Vladimir Verner, Martina Vlkova, Jan Banout, Bohdan Lojka, Pavel Valicek und Jana Mazancova. „Non-timber forest products utilization in Phong Dien Nature Reserve, Vietnam: Who collects, who consumes, who sells?“ BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 322, Nr. 322 (17.10.2014): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.322.a31233.
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Nous avons analysé dans cette étude la col- lecte et l’utilisation des produits forestiers non ligneux en zone rurale au centre du Viet- nam. Il s’agit d’éléments importants pour mieux comprendre les interactions entre ménages et forêts dans les zones rurales proches de réserves naturelles, surtout dans les pays en développement à forte croissance économique. L’objectif de nos recherches était triple : (i) documenter les produits fores- tiers collectés dans la réserve naturelle et leurs utilisations, (ii) comprendre les facteurs pouvant motiver leur commercialisation, et(iii) connaître les attentes des familles locales quant aux capacités et à l’utilisation des res- sources forestières. Les données ont été col- lectées au moyen d’entretiens semi-structurés entre 2008 et 2010, auprès de familles ins- tallées dans ou aux alentours de la réserve naturelle de Phong Dien. Des entretiens ont été menés auprès de 48 familles représen- tatives des différentes conditions socio-éco- nomiques et naturelles dans la zone cible. Notre enquête montre que la plupart des produits forestiers collectés dans la réserve sont auto-consommés à des fins alimentaires, médicinales et de construction, et surtout selon une logique de subsistance. Cependant, certains végétaux faisant l’objet d’une forte demande, comme le rotin ou le licuala, sont récoltés en grandes quantités et commercia- lisés par le biais d’intermédiaires. Les familles ramassent également des produits forestiers pour satisfaire leurs besoins alimentaires en période de disette. Lesdeux stratégiespeuvent contribuer à l’appauvrissement de la forêt, déjà avéré dans les perceptions des familles locales reflétant une raréfaction de la plupart des produits forestiers. Ces derniers sont collectés essentiellement par les familles ayant peu de terres cultivables, aux revenus peu diversifiés et pratiquant une agriculture dominée par les cultures annuelles. Il convient ainsi, pour toute nouvelle action de déve- loppement dans cette zone, d’envisager la mise en place de systèmes agricoles per- mettant de diversifier les revenus, couplée à des actions de sensibilisation des familles à l’importance de la biodiversité. Sans éliminer totalement l’extraction de produits forestiers, une telle approche permettrait de la maintenir à un niveau viable.
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Derderi, Alaeddine, Ali Daoudi und Jean-Philippe Colin. „Durabilité du foncier irrigué en zones steppiques d’Algérie, le risque de l’effondrement hydraulique“. Cahiers Agricultures 31 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2022015.
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L’article analyse la durabilité de l’exploitation du foncier irrigué dans une commune steppique d’Algérie, Rechaïga, où la dynamique de développement de l’agriculture irriguée semble ralentir depuis quelques années, après une phase de forte expansion. La phase d’expansion, qui a duré deux décennies, a impliqué aussi bien des agriculteurs locaux que des agriculteurs itinérants venant des autres régions du pays.L'article examine l’évolution de la dynamique foncière et productive, en fonction de l’évolution de la surexploitation des nappes. Une attention particulière est accordée au fonctionnement du marché foncier locatif et à son caractère inclusif ou non. Deux résultats clés se dégagent de l’analyse. Le rabattement des nappes témoigne de la non-durabilité d’une agriculture maraîchère irriguée intensive en steppe, ou du moins dans les parties de la steppe présentant les mêmes conditions hydriques que la zone d’étude. La phase d’expansion de la dynamique maraîchère a été inclusive et a bénéficié aux agriculteurs, tant locaux qu’itinérants, alors que la phase de déclin semble difficile pour ceux qui n’ont pas les moyens de s’adapter, notamment les exploitants locaux; les itinérants, quant à eux, ont pour logique de répondre à la dégradation des conditions de production locales par la recherche de nouveaux sites de production. Beaucoup de ces agriculteurs abandonnent le métier à défaut d’options techniques alternatives accessibles.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Conditions non locales"
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Ghanemi, Souad. „Méthode de décomposition de domaines avec conditions de transmissions non locales pour des problèmes de propagation d'ondes“. Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090004.
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Notre travail est une contribution à l'étude des méthodes itératives de décomposition de domaine sans recouvrement pour les problèmes de propagation d'ondes en régime stationnaire. Plus précisément, nous introduisons des conditions de transmissions non locales sur les interfaces de sous-domaines dans le but d'obtenir une convergence géométrique. Nous montrons théoriquement la convergence de la méthode pour les problèmes posés en milieux homogènes et hétérogènes. Numériquement, nous discrétisons à l'aide d'éléments finis mixtes hybrides et nous exposons les expériences effectuées pour des problèmes d'ondes acoustiques en deux et trois dimensions qui valident la méthode. Enfin, nous étudions les performances d'une version parallèle de notre méthode sur calculateurs multiprocesseursOur work is a contribution to the study of iterative on overlapping domain decomposition methods for harmonic wave propagation problems. More precisely, we introduce some new non-local transmission conditions at the interfaces between subdomains to obtain an exponential rate of convergence. Theoretically, we prove the convergence of the method for both homogenous and heterogenous medium. We present various numerical results performed with a mixed hybrid finite element approximation for acoustic waves in two and three dimensions, that validate the method. Finally, we present numerical performance of parallel version of the method using multiprocessor computers
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Garbin, Turpaud Fernando, und Pachas Ángel Alfredo Lévano. „Higher-order non-local finite element bending analysis of functionally graded“. Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626024.
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La teoría de vigas de Timoshenko TBT y una teoría de alto orden IFSDT son formuladas utilizando las ecuaciones constitutivas no locales de Eringen. Se utilizaron ecuaciones constitutivas en 3D en el modelo IFSDT. Se utilizó una variación del material con el uso de materiales funcionalmente graduados a lo largo del peralte de una viga de sección rectangular. El principio de trabajos virtuales utilizado y ejemplos numéricos fueron presentados para comparar ambas teorías de vigas.Timoshenko Beam Theory (TBT) and an Improved First Shear Deformation Theory (IFSDT) are reformulated using Eringen’s non-local constitutive equations. The use of 3D constitutive equation is presented in IFSDT. A material variation is made by the introduction of FGM power law in the elasticity modulus through the height of a rectangular section beam. The virtual work statement and numerical results are presented in order to compare both beam theories.
Tesis
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Elghandouri, Mohammed. „Approximate Controllability for some Nonlocal Integrodifferential Equations in Banach Spaces“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS189.
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La théorie du contrôle, domaine interdisciplinaire, étudie le comportement des systèmes dynamiques dans le but de réguler leur fonctionnement. La théorie du contrôle mathématique, un sous-domaine spécialisé, se concentre sur l'utilisation de méthodes mathématiques pour analyser ces comportements et concevoir des contrôleurs. Cela implique l'application d'équations différentielles, d'algèbre linéaire, d'optimisation et d'outils mathématiques variés pour modéliser, réguler et comprendre le comportement des systèmes dynamiques. Ces systèmes trouvent de vastes applications dans des domaines tels que la robotique, l'automatisation, l'aérospatiale, le génie électrique, les systèmes mécaniques, la biologie et les sciences sociales. Leur description nécessite souvent des modèles complexes tels que des équations aux dérivées partielles, des équations différentielles fonctionnelles et d'autres modèles de dimension infinie, rendant leur analyse essentielle, mais complexe pour la recherche. L'application de la théorie du contrôle pour analyser et réguler le comportement de ces systèmes a récemment attiré une attention significative. Cette thèse se concentre sur l'étude de la contrôlabilité approchée de certains systèmes dynamiques de dimension infinie décrits par des équations intégrodifférentielles. Structurée en trois chapitres, la thèse examine spécifiquement la contrôlabilité approchée des équations d'évolution intégrodifférentielles avec des conditions non locales. Le premier chapitre présente des outils fondamentaux, notamment la théorie des opérateurs résolvants, les applications multi-valuées, l'application de dualité, la théorie du contrôle mathématique et d'autres concepts essentiels à l'établissement des résultats. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre précisément sur la contrôlabilité approchée des équations d'évolution intégrodifférentielles semi-linéaires avec des conditions non locales de la forme w(0)=w0+g(w). En supposant que la partie linéaire soit nulle et approximativement contrôlable, la théorie des opérateurs résolvants est utilisée pour présenter les résultats principaux. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur l'investigation de l'existence de solutions faibles et de la contrôlabilité approchée des systèmes d'évolution intégrodifférentielles avec des conditions non locales prenant des valeurs multiples w(0) appartient w0+g(w). Des conditions suffisantes pour l'existence et la contrôlabilité approchée sont établies à l'aide de la théorie des opérateurs résolvants. Un critère général de contrôlabilité de Kalman est introduit pour étudier la contrôlabilité approchée dans les cas linéaires. Des exemples illustratifs sont fournis tout au long de ces chapitres pour appuyer nos résultatsControl theory is an interdisciplinary field that addresses the behavior of dynamical systems with the primary goal of managing their output. A specialized subset of this is mathematical control theory, which focuses on utilizing mathematical methods to analyze system behavior and design controllers. This involves applying differential equations, linear algebra, optimization, and various mathematical tools to comprehend, model, and regulate system behavior. These systems have extensive applications across robotics, automation, aerospace, electrical engineering, mechanical systems, robotics, biological and social systems, among others. Described by complex models such as partial differential equations, functional differential equations, and other infinite-dimensional models, these systems pose intricate challenges, rendering the analysis of their behavior a pivotal and intricate area of research. In recent years, the application of control theory to analyze and regulate the behavior of these systems has attracted significant attention. This thesis aims to investigate the approximate controllability of certain infinite-dimensional dynamical systems described by integrodifferential equations. The thesis is structured into three chapters, each addressing the problem of achieving approximate controllability in integrodifferential evolution equations equipped with nonlocal conditions. The first chapter introduces fundamental tools critical to establishing our main findings, including the theory of resolvent operators, multi-valued maps, duality mapping, mathematical control theory, and other essential concepts. Chapter 2 specifically focuses on the approximate controllability of semilinear integrodifferential evolution equations with nonlocal conditions of the form w(0)=w0+g(w). Here, assuming the linear part is precisely null and approximately controllable, we employ resolvent operator theory to present our main results. Chapter 3 centers on investigating the existence of mild solutions and the approximate controllability of integrodifferential evolution systems with multi-valued nonlocal conditions (w(0) belongs w0+g(w)). By using resolvent operator theory, we establish sufficient conditions for both existence and controllability. Introducing a general Kalman controllability criterion, we examine approximate controllability in linear cases and subsequently demonstrate it in nonlinear cases. Throughout these chapters, we provide illustrative examples to support our main findings
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Zähringer, Yasin Hisam Julian. „Non-commutative Iwasawa theory with (φ,Γ)-local conditions over distribution algebras“. Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/noncommutative-iwasawa-theory-with-local-conditions-over-distribution-algebras(77477392-e3b4-4eb1-8acc-e59789517360).html.
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In this thesis we formulate a natural non-commutative Iwasawa Main Conjecture for motives which fulfil the Dabrowski-Panchishkin condition on the level of (φ,Γ)-modules. The basic framework we employ is still Fukaya-Kato’s but we work systematically over Schneider-Teitelbaum’s distribution algebras of compact p-adic Lie groups instead of Iwasawa algebras. This allows us to consider as local conditions not just subrepresentations of the p-adic realisation which fulfil the Dabrowski-Panchishkin conditions but also sub-(φ,Γ)-modules which fulfil the analogous Dabrowski-Panchishkin conditions. We then combine this with Pottharst’s Selmer complexes and a generalisation of Nakamura’s Local Epsilon Conjecture for (φ,Γ)-modules to conjecturally define p-adic L-functions. We prove that the validity of our main conjecture for these p-adic L-functions follows from the validity of Fukaya-Kato’s Equivariant Tamagawa Number Conjecture and our generalisation of Nakamura’s Local Epsilon Conjecture. Moreover we are also able to compute the values of these p-adic L-functions at motivic points. Our formalism allows us, for example, to unify the GL2-main conjecture of elliptic curves which have either ordinary or supersingular reduction at p. In addition, we can use our formalism to give a new, and very natural, interpretation of Pollack’s ±-construction in the context of supersingular elliptic curves and we are hopeful that this new interpretation will in the future lead to the construction of natural non-commutative generalizations.
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Mertz, Laurent. „Inéquations variationnelles stochastiques et applications aux vibrations de structures mécaniques“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653121.
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Cette thèse traite des inéquations variationnelles stochastiques et de leurs applications aux vibrations de structures mécaniques. On considère d'abord un algorithme numérique déterministe pour obtenir le régime stationnaire d'une inéquation variationnelle stochastique modélisant un oscillateur élasto-plastique excité par un bruit blanc. Une famille de solutions d'équations aux dérivées partielles définissant la mesure invariante par dualité est étudiée comme alternative à la simulation probabiliste. Puis, nous présentons une nouvelle caractérisation de l'unique mesure invariante. Dans ce contexte, nous montrons une relation liant des problèmes non-locaux et des problèmes locaux en introduisant la définition des cycles courts. Dans un cadre orienté vers les applications, nous démontrons que la variance de la déformation plastique cro^it linéairement avec le temps et nous caractérisons rigoureusement le coefficient de dérive en introduisant la définition des cycles longs. Dans la suite, nous étudions un processus approché de la solution de l'inéquation comportant des sauts aux instants de transition de l' état plastique vers l' état élastique. Nous prouvons que la solution approchée converge sur tout intervalle de temps ni vers la solution de l'inéquation, lorsque la taille du saut tend vers 0. Ensuite, nous défi nissons une inéquation variationnelle stochastique pour modéliser un oscillateur élasto-plastique excité par un bruit blanc filtré. Nous prouvons la propriété ergodique du processus sous-jacent et nous caractérisons sa mesure invariante. Nous étendons la méthode de A.Bensoussan et J.Turi avec une difficulté supplémentaire due à l'accroissement de la dimension. Finalement, dans un chapitre orienté vers l'expérimentation numérique, nous mettons en évidence par les simulations probabilistes le phénomène de phases micro-élastiques. Leur impact concerne des grandeurs utiles a l'ingénieur comme la fréquence des déformations plastiques. Un critère empirique qui peut ^etre utile à l'ingénieur est fourni afin de ne pas prendre en compte les phases micro-élastiques et ainsi évaluer d'une façon réaliste, à partir de la mesure invariante, les statistiques de la déformation plastique d'un oscillateur élasto-plastique excité par un bruit blanc.
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Fichet, Pascal. „Calculs de l'emission infrarouge de l'ozone atmospherique dans des conditions de non equilibre thermodynamique local“. Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066092.
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Des etudes en laboratoire et des experiences de lancers de fusees ont demontre l'importance des processus de non equilibre thermodynamique local pour expliquer l'emission infrarouge de l'ozone au-dessus de 60 kilometres pour une atmosphere calme. Un modele statistique de transfert radiatif a bande etroite, combine avec un modele cinetique, a ete mis au point pour calculer des spectres d'emission infrarouge de l'ozone dans des conditions de non equilibre thermodynamique local, avec une bonne precision, ceci ayant ete verifie par comparaison avec les resultats d'un modele raie par raie. Les calculs ont ensuite ete compares a des donnees experimentales publiees, et l'influence de nombreux parametres pertinents, comme par exemple les entrees d'atmosphere (temperature cinetique, o#2, n#2, h, oh, ho#2, o, no, no#2, o#3) et certaines constantes cinetiques, dont dependent notablement les processus de non equilibre thermodynamique local de l'ozone, a ete etudiee. Ces etudes ont ete rendues possibles a cause de la rapidite en temps calcul du modele a bande etroite utilise dans le cadre de ce travail
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Fiscella, A. „VARIATIONAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING NON-LOCAL ELLIPTIC OPERATORS“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/245334.
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My thesis deals with nonlinear elliptic problems involving a non-local integrodifferential operator of fractional type. Our main results concern the existence of weak solutions for these problems and they are obtained using variational and topological methods.
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Hofmann, B., und O. Scherzer. „Local Ill-Posedness and Source Conditions of Operator Equations in Hilbert Spaces“. Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 1998. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-199800957.
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The characterization of the local ill-posedness and the local degree of nonlinearity are of particular importance for the stable solution of nonlinear ill-posed problems. We present assertions concerning the interdependence between the ill-posedness of the nonlinear problem and its linearization. Moreover, we show that the concept of the degree of nonlinearity com bined with source conditions can be used to characterize the local ill-posedness and to derive a posteriori estimates for nonlinear ill-posed problems. A posteriori estimates are widely used in finite element and multigrid methods for the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations, but these techniques are in general not applicable to inverse an ill-posed problems. Additionally we show for the well-known Landweber method and the iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method that they satisfy a posteriori estimates under source conditions; this can be used to prove convergence rates results.
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Zahoor, Mudasar. „Non-Local Damage Modeling of Rocks under the conditions of High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT)“. Research Showcase @ CMU, 2011. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/555.
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This work is an attempt to develop a physically realistic model to understand the behavior and failure of rocks, especially under the extreme conditions of High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT). A platform is laid in the preliminary work where 1D pure and ductile damage models are developed respectively. These models are based on an elasto-plastic model with an additional governing equation incorporated to facilitate the inclusion of damage. This additional governing equation is called the damage evolution equation. In the ductile damage model, it is assumed that the damage is driven and controlled by plasticity. The concepts developed in the preliminary work of 1D modeling are then taken into the study of 3D problems. The main problems studied are: the unconstrained uniaxial compression, the completely constrained uniaxial compression and the dynamic indentation problem. The dynamic indentation problem is the representation of an idealized rock drilling process. The results from the indentation problem are found to be in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results (Abd Al-Jalil, Y.Q 2006).
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Elfversson, Emma. „Central Politics and Local Peacemaking : The Conditions for Peace after Communal Conflict“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324928.
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Under what conditions can peace be established after violent communal conflict? This question has received limited research attention to date, despite the fact that communal conflicts kill thousands of people each year and often severely disrupt local livelihoods. This dissertation analyzes how political dynamics affect prospects for peace after communal conflict. It does so by studying the role of the central government, local state and non-state actors, and the interactions between these actors and the communal groups that are engaged in armed conflict. A particular focus is on the role of political bias, in the sense that central government actors have ties to one side in the conflict or strategic interests in the conflict issue. The central claim is that political bias shapes government strategies in the face of conflict, and influences the conflict parties’ strategic calculations and ability to overcome mistrust and engage in conflict resolution. To assess these arguments, the dissertation strategically employs different research methods to develop and test theoretical arguments in four individual essays. Two of the essays rely on novel data to undertake the first cross-national large-N studies of government intervention in communal conflict and how it affects the risk of conflict recurrence. Essay I finds that conflicts that are located in an economically important area, revolve around land and authority, or involve groups with ethnic ties to central rulers are more likely to prompt military intervention by the government. Essay II finds that ethnic ties, in turn, condition the impact that government intervention has on the risk of conflict recurrence. The other two essays are based on systematic analysis of qualitative sources, including unique and extensive interview material collected during several field trips to Kenya. Essay III finds that government bias makes it more difficult for the conflict parties to resolve their conflict through peace agreements. Essay IV finds that by engaging in governance roles otherwise associated with the state, non-state actors can become successful local peacemakers. Taken together, the essays make important contributions by developing, assessing and refining theories concerning the prospects for communal conflict resolution.
Bücher zum Thema "Conditions non locales"
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Association Djoliba homme et développement. und Centre Djoliba (Bamako Mali), Hrsg. Les relations micro-macro: Décentralisation, organisations locales et ONG au Mali : mémoire du séminaire de Bamako 29-31 mars 1993. Paris: Fondation pour le progrès de l'homme, 1993.
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Luboya, Shikayi. Initiatives de développement local et pouvoir paysan: Étude d'une dynamique locale de développement : le rôle des associations villageoises, des organisations non-gouvernementales des micro-projets dans la vallée de la Ruzizi (1978-1989), Sud-Kivu, Zaïre. Louvain-la-Neuve: CIACO, 1994.
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Kang, Wugang. Song dai di fang shi li yu ji ceng she hui zhi xu yan jiu: Songdai difang shili yu jiceng shehui zhixu yanjiu. Hefei Shi: Hefei gong ye da xue chu ban she, 2015.
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Duan, Jianhong. Ming Qing Jin dong nan ji ceng she hui zu zhi yu she hui kong zhi. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2016.
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Smith, Michael L. Rural development in the crossfire: The role of grassroots support organizations in situations of political violence in Peru. Ottawa, Ont: IDRC, 1991.
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Smith, Michael L. Entre dos fuegos: ONG, desarrollo rural y violencia política. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1992.
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Peterlini, Hans Karl, und Jasmin Donlic, Hrsg. Jahrbuch Migration und Gesellschaft / Yearbook Migration and Society 2020/2021. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839455913.
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Migration is not a state of emergency, but a basic existential experience of humanity. It shapes contemporary societies by challenging established orders, creating transnational spaces beyond national hegemonies, creating new economies, influencing urban and communal ways of life, making inequality and precariousness visible locally and globally. Migration research as a social science does not narrow the focus to 'the migrants', but investigates the conditions for living together and shaping life between ethnicization and pluralization, discrimination and empowerment, division and participation. The Yearbook Migration and Society repeatedly turns the prism of narrative anew. The 2020/2021 edition focuses on the topic "Beyond Borders".
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Busacca, Maurizio, und Roberto Paladini. Collaboration Age. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-424-0.
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Recently, public policies of urban regeneration have intensified and multiplied. They are being promoted with the aim to start social and economic dynamics within the local context which is subject to intervention. From the empirical analysis, we realise that such activities are mainly implemented by three subjects or by mixed coalitions (public institutions, actors of the third sector and companies). Within them, each player is moved by a multiplicity of interests and goals that go beyond their own nature – public interest, market and mutualism – and tend to redefine themselves, thus becoming hybrid forms of production of value (social, economic, cultural). By studying a number Italian and Catalan cases, this essay deals with the theory that, under specific conditions and configurations, a collaborative direction – of organization, production and design – would give life to successful procedures, even without the identification of a one-best-way. The collaboration is not simply a choice of operation, but a real production method which mobilises social resources to create hybrid solutions – between state, market and society – to complex issues that could not be faced solely with the use of the rationale of action of one among the three actors. In this framework, the systems of relations and interactions between players and shared capital become an essential condition for the success of every initiative of urban redevelopment, or failure thereof. Such initiatives are brought to life by the strategic role of individuals who foster connections as well as the dissemination of non-redundant information between social networks, and collective and individual actors which would otherwise be separated and barely able to communicate and collaborate with each other. In addition to the functions carried out by knowledge brokers, that have been extensively described in organisational studies and economic sociology, the aforementioned figures act as real social enzymes, that is to say, they handle the available information and function as catalysts of social processes of production of knowledge. Moreover, they increase the reaction speed, working on mechanisms which control the spontaneity.
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Borzyh, Stanislav. Universality of uniqueness. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1840173.
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The monograph is devoted to the uniqueness and universality of our being, earthly life, complexity, primarily multicellular organisms, intelligence and civilization. Despite the fact that all these phenomena are presented to us and in our person in the singular, their very existence indicates that, on the one hand, they obey the logic that runs through them all, and on the other hand, they observe certain universal rules for the implementation of something like this. That is, they are unique in their local representation, but they are constructed according to a template that applies to all such cases. The monograph consistently examines the multiplicity of hypostases of these realities and formulates the conclusion that, no matter how many of them there are, they must all fit into the mainstream of two principles — the embodied and the functional. Local conditions determine their final appearance, but the imperatives are the same for them all, and therefore these epithets do not contradict each other, but, on the contrary, are mutually complementary.
It is intended both for specialists in the field of epistemology, ontology and philosophy of life, and for the general public interested in real issues.
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Sotamaa, Olli, und Jan Svelch, Hrsg. Game Production Studies. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725439.
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Video games have entered the cultural mainstream and now rival established forms of entertainment such as film or television in terms of economic profits. As careers in video game development become more common, so do the stories about precarious working conditions and structural inequalities within the industry. In Game Production Studies, an international group of researchers takes a closer look at the everyday realities of video game production, ranging from commercial studios to independent creators. Across sixteen chapters, the authors deal with issues related to labour, production routines, or monetization, as well as local specificities. As the first edited collection dedicated solely to video game production, this volume provides a timely resource for anyone interested in how games are made and at what cost.
Buchteile zum Thema "Conditions non locales"
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Buttenschön, Andreas, und Thomas Hillen. „No-Flux Boundary Conditions for Non-local Operators“. In Non-Local Cell Adhesion Models, 109–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67111-2_6.
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Esposito, Giampiero. „Non-Local Properties in Euclidean Quantum Gravity“. In Quantum Field Theory Under the Influence of External Conditions, 218–25. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-01204-7_41.
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Makowski, Ryszard, und Radoslaw Zimroz. „Application of Schur Filtering for Local Damage Detection in Gearboxes“. In Condition Monitoring of Machinery in Non-Stationary Operations, 301–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28768-8_32.
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Meyer, Gunter H. „Numerical Solution of Diffusion Problems with Non-Local Free Boundary Conditions“. In Free Boundary Value Problems, 153–64. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7301-7_10.
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Kubo, Akisato, und Hiroki Hoshino. „Non-Linear Evolution Equations with Non-Local Coefficients and Zero-Neumann Condition: One Dimensional Case“. In Trends in Mathematics, 647–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36375-7_49.
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Andreev, A. B., und M. R. Racheva. „New Approach of FEM for Eigenvalue Problems with Non-local Transition Conditions“. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 159–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00464-3_15.
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Koroleva, Irina P., und Leonid I. Manevitch. „Is Energy Localization Possible in the Conditions of Non-local Acoustic Vacuum?“ In Advanced Structured Materials, 25–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92234-8_3.
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Cheniguel, Ahmed. „On the Numerical Solution of Multi-dimensional Diffusion Equation with Non Local Conditions“. In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 579–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9115-1_43.
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Luciano, R., und J. R. Willis. „The influence of boundary conditions on the non-local response of a randomly heterogeneous medium“. In IUTAM Symposium on Analytical and Computational Fracture Mechanics of Non-Homogeneous Materials, 249–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0081-8_28.
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Folini, Doris, und Rolf Walder. „3D Radiative Transfer Under Conditions of Non-local Thermodynamic Equilibrium: A Contribution to the Numerical Solution“. In Hyperbolic Problems: Theory, Numerics, Applications, 305–14. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8720-5_33.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Conditions non locales"
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Cherneva, Z., und C. Guedes Soares. „Local Non-Stationary Properties of Wind Wave Groups“. In Design and operation For Abnormal Conditions 2. RINA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.aco.2001.9.
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SAHARIAN, ARAM, und GIAMPIERO ESPOSITO. „SCALAR CASIMIR EFFECT WITH NON-LOCAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS“. In Proceedings of the MG11 Meeting on General Relativity. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834300_0508.
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Abbara, El Mehdi, Hassan Friha, Jaouad Lahjomri und Abdelaziz Oubarra. „Thermal behavior of a partition wall with phase change material between local non conditioned and different locals conditioned“. In 2015 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2015.7455029.
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Khashan, S. A. „Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Effect in Forced Convection of Non-Newtonian Fluids Through Porous Media“. In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56649.
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In this paper, we examine the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium LTNE condition on the non-Newtonian forced convection flow through channels filled with porous media. Four representative dimensionless parameters are used in formulating the problem. Numerical solutions obtained over broad ranges of these parameters are utilized to map conditions at which local thermal non-equilibrium condition is important, occurrence of LTNE is found to be driven by higher modified Peclet number, lower modified Biot number, lower fluid-to-solid thermal conductivity ratio, lower power-law fluid index, and lower microscopic and macroscopic frictional flow resistance coefficients. The proportional effect of each parameter as related to others is investigated.
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Robens, Sebastian, Peter Jeschke, Christian Frey, Edmund Kügeler, Arianna Bosco und Thomas Breuer. „Adaption of Giles Non-Local Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions for a Cell-Centered Solver for Turbomachinery Applications“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94957.
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In contrast to external flow aerodynamics, where one-dimensional Riemann boundary conditions can be applied far up- and downstream, the handling of non-reflecting boundary conditions for turbomachinery applications poses a greater challenge due to small axial gaps normally encountered. For boundaries exposed to non-uniform flow in the vicinity of blade rows, the quality of the simulation is greatly influenced by the underlying non-reflecting boundary condition and its implementation. This paper deals with the adaptation of Giles’ well-known exact non-local boundary conditions for two-dimensional steady flows to a cell-centered solver specifically developed for turbomachinery applications. It is shown that directly applying the theory originally formulated for a cell-vertex scheme to a cell-centered solver may yield an ill-posed problem due to the necessity of having to reconstruct boundary face values before actually applying the exact non-reflecting theory. In order to ensure well-posedness, Giles’ original approach is adapted for cell-centered schemes with a physically motivated reconstruction of the boundary face values, while still maintaining the non-reflecting boundary conditions. The extension is formulated within the original framework of determining the circumferential distribution of one-dimensional characteristics on the boundary. It is shown that, due to approximations in the one-dimensional characteristic reconstruction of boundary face values, the new approach can only be exact in the limiting case of cells with a vanishing width in the direction normal to the boundary if a one-dimensional characteristic reconstruction of boundary face values is used. To overcome the dependency on the width of the last cell, the new boundary condition is expressed explicitly in terms of a two-dimensional modal decomposition of the flow field. In this formulation, vanishing modal amplitudes for all incoming two-dimensional modes can easily be accomplished for a converged solution. Hence we are able to ensure perfectly non-reflecting boundary conditions under the same conditions as the original approach. The improvements of the new method are demonstrated for both a subsonic turbine and a transonic compressor test case.
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Xu, Huijin, Liang Gong und Shanbo Huang. „Discussion on Conditions of Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Effect in Porous Media“. In The 15th International Heat Transfer Conference. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc15.pmd.009248.
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Pedas, Arvet, Enn Tamme und Mikk Vikerpuur. „Numerical solution of fractional integro-differential equations with non-local boundary conditions“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (ICNAAM 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5043773.
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Kishida, Masako, und Richard D. Braatz. „Non-existence conditions of local bifurcations for rational systems with structured uncertainties“. In 2014 American Control Conference - ACC 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6858689.
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Gómez Dumm, D., A. G. Grunfeld und N. N. Scoccola. „Phase diagram of non-local chiral quark models under compact star conditions“. In VI LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710607.
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Hernandez-Martinez, E. G., und E. Aranda-Bricaire. „Non-collision conditions in multi-agent robots formation using local potential functions“. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2008.4543790.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Conditions non locales"
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Jost, Robert, Taylor Kenyon und Scott Beason. Tahoma Creek Bridge focused condition assessment. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303321.
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The Tahoma Creek Bridge on the southwest side of Mount Rainier is an essential crossing for year-round vehicular access to Mount Rainier National Park (MORA). This site is also exposed to significant hydrologic variability, which the current structure was not designed to withstand. Locally enhanced vertical increases to the riverbed elevation, known as aggradation, threaten the structure?s long-term viability. The purpose of this report is to (1) clarify the details of channel maintenance operations related to the bridge; (2) synthesize the natural and human influences of sediment deposition in the lower watershed; and (3) discuss the potential solutions for sustainable bridge maintenance. Information was collected through prior structural inspection reports, raw hydrologic data stored by the National Park Service, and both published and unpublished reports focused on Tahoma Creek. It was found that the height and width of the Tahoma Creek Bridge are severely underfit for relatively common flooding events on Tahoma Creek. Additionally, dredging and sediment storage practices employed to maintain the bridge are ineffective and even enhance aggradation in nominal flow conditions. Further research in the Tahoma Creek Watershed suggests the river is generally efficient at exporting produced sediments and maintains a relatively stable vertical profile in its lower reaches, where the bridge is located. The singular variation from this stable vertical trend at the bridge site suggests locally enhanced aggradation at the bridge is entirely due to the presence of the bridge itself and the channel modification actions taken to support the structure. All told, neither the overall size of the Tahoma Creek Bridge nor the channel modification actions taken to maintain the crossing, are viable for long-term access into MORA. With no changes to the existing bridge profile, the status-quo for operations to manage the Tahoma Creek Bridge will eventually fail to maintain access.
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Demeuov, Аrman, Ordenbek Mazbayev, Gulbanu Aukenova, Ihor Kholoshyn und Iryna Varfolomyeyeva. Pedagogical possibilities of tourist and local history activities. EDP Sciences, Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4620.
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In the new socio-economic conditions in the education system, forms of organization of tourist and local history activities are developing, which are based on traditions, experience of extracurricular and extracurricular work, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the country. Life requires that the tasks facing educational institutions are resolved quickly and have not just any solution, but one that optimizes the pedagogical process. At the same time, these requirements come into conflict with the state of the education system, the limited ability of most parents to create conditions for the full development of the child. The tasks facing the education system can be implemented in tourism and local history activities. The main task is to create the necessary conditions for the comprehensive development of the child’s personality, his social adaptation in the process of participation in various types of tourist and local history activities. However, the school teacher is not ready to organize and conduct tourist and local history activities at school, as he is not professionally prepared for this activity. Questions of the organization, forms and methods of teacher training for the organization of tourist and local history activities are practically not reflected in the educational and methodological literature. There are no scientific studies that would allow us to effectively solve the pedagogical tasks of preparing the organizers of tourist and local history activities in the school.
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Valentine-Darby, Patricia, Kimberly Struthers und Dale McPherson. Natural resource conditions at Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303413.
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The National Park Service?s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program developed an NRCA with managers at Cedar Creek & Belle Grove National Historical Park (CEBE), a partner park located in western Virginia in Frederick, Shenandoah, and Warren counties. An NRCA?s purpose is to synthesize information on the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions, and to report conditions for specific natural resources selected by park managers. Condition assessments were conducted for three of CEBE?s resources?visual resources, night sky, and soundscape?and gap analyses were conducted for two resources?woodlands and meadows. The condition assessment for visual resources, based on an inventory of scenic views at three of the park?s most important viewpoints, led to condition ratings of good/fair for two locations and fair for one location. CEBE?s night sky, assessed using modeled data from the NPS Natural Sounds & Night Skies Division (NSNSD), was found to be about 392% brighter than the natural night sky, leading to a condition rating of fair. To assess CEBE?s soundscape, an NPS NSNSD geospatial model that predicts daytime sound was used. Results indicated a poor condition of sound level park-wide. Stressors for these three resources include adjacent/surrounding residential and commercial development and associated roads, vehicle traffic, and lighting. Both woodlands and meadows were evaluated through gap analyses. Potential stressors on woodlands include non-native invasive plants, non-native invasive insect pests, over-browsing by native white-tailed deer, and climate change. Although some park-specific data exist on these stressors, more information is needed. Similarly, more information is needed on meadows. Most of the data available are related to ongoing work to bring back native vegetation in CEBE?s Morning Attack Trail field.
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Hudgens, Bian, Jene Michaud, Megan Ross, Pamela Scheffler, Anne Brasher, Megan Donahue, Alan Friedlander et al. Natural resource condition assessment: Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293943.
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Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions of natural resources and resource indicators in national park units (parks). NRCAs are meant to complement—not replace—traditional issue- and threat-based resource assessments. NRCAs employ a multi-disciplinary, hierarchical framework within which reference conditions for natural resource indicators are developed for comparison against current conditions. NRCAs do not set management targets for study indicators, and reference conditions are not necessarily ideal or target conditions. The goal of a NRCA is to deliver science-based information that will assist park managers in their efforts to describe and quantify a park’s desired resource conditions and management targets, and inform management practices related to natural resource stewardship. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given NRCA depend on the park’s resource setting, status of resource stewardship planning and science in identifying high-priority indicators, and availability of data and expertise to assess current conditions for a variety of potential study resources and indicators. Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park (hereafter Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP) encompasses 1.7 km2 (0.7 mi2) at the base of the Mauna Loa Volcano on the Kona coast of the island of Hawaiʻi. The Kona coast of Hawaiʻi Island is characterized by calm winds that increase in the late morning to evening hours, especially in the summer when there is also a high frequency of late afternoon or early evening showers. The climate is mild, with mean high temperature of 26.2° C (79.2° F) and a mean low temperature of 16.6° C (61.9° F) and receiving on average 66 cm (26 in) of rainfall per year. The Kona coast is the only region in Hawaiʻi where more precipitation falls in the summer than in the winter. There is limited surface water runoff or stream development at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP due to the relatively recent lava flows (less than 1,500 years old) overlaying much of the park. Kiʻilae Stream is the only watercourse within the park. Kiʻilae Stream is ephemeral, with occasional flows and a poorly characterized channel within the park. A stream gauge was located uphill from the park, but no measurements have been taken since 1982. Floods in Kiʻilae Stream do occur, resulting in transport of fluvial sediment to the ocean, but there are no data documenting this phenomenon. There are a small number of naturally occurring anchialine pools occupying cracks and small depressions in the lava flows, including the Royal Fishponds; an anchialine pool modified for the purpose of holding fish. Although the park’s legal boundaries end at the high tide mark, the sense of place, story, and visitor experience would be completely different without the marine waters adjacent to the park. Six resource elements were chosen for evaluation: air and night sky, water-related processes, terrestrial vegetation, vertebrates, anchialine pools, and marine resources. Resource conditions were determined through reviewing existing literature, meta-analysis, and where appropriate, analysis of unpublished short- and long-term datasets. However, in a number of cases, data were unavailable or insufficient to either establish a quantitative reference condition or conduct a formal statistical comparison of the status of a resource within the park to a quantitative reference condition. In those cases, data gaps are noted, and comparisons were made based on qualitative descriptions. Overall, the condition of natural resources within Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP reflects the surrounding landscape. The coastal lands immediately surrounding Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP are zoned for conservation, while adjacent lands away from the coast are agricultural. The condition of most natural resources at Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau NHP reflect the overall condition of ecological communities on the west Hawai‘i coast. Although little of the park’s vegetation...
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Ormstrup Vestergård, Louise, und Lars Johan Rustad. Food self-sufficiency in five Nordic island societies. Nordregio, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2022:4.2001-3876.
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Increasing food self-sufficiency means rethinking global supply chains, (re-)adapting to local contexts, and ensuring optimal conditions for selling and buying locally produced food. Increased self-sufficiency and improved local food systems can have positive environmental, social, and economic consequences. However, whether increased self-sufficiency adds to more sustainable food systems depends on myriad factors, including production methods, the type of food in question, and the availability of local food on the local market. Previous research shows that local food production does not automatically equate to sustainable food production. This project sought to increase knowledge of how greater food self-sufficiency can contribute to increased sustainability and resilience in the food systems of five Nordic island societies: Bornholm, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, and Åland.
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Idris, Iffat. Conditions for Elections to Succeed in Reducing Conflict and Instability. Institute of Development Studies, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.124.
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Post-conflict elections can pave the way for democratisation and peacebuilding, but can also lead to renewed conflict. Minimum conditions for ensuring that elections promote the former and reduce conflict and instability include: peace and demilitarisation; international involvement; not holding post-conflict elections too early; holding national and local elections separately – ideally, local before national; election systems (notably proportional representation) that distribute rather than concentrate power; independent, permanent and well-resourced election management bodies; and media that promote voter education, messaging by parties and candidates, and election transparency. However, it is important to stress that specific criteria needed for successful post-conflict elections will be context-dependent.Post-conflict elections have the potential to establish legitimate government and can pave the way for democratisation and sustained peace. However, because they determine the distribution of power, they can also trigger renewed conflict. The risk of this is exacerbated by the difficult circumstances in which post-conflict elections are typically held (e.g. damaged infrastructure, weak institutions). The challenge is how to achieve the potential benefits while avoiding the risks. What are the conditions or criteria needed to ensure that post-conflict elections do not lead to conflict and instability?This review looks at the conditions needed to ensure that post-conflict election reduce conflict and instability. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature. While there was substantial literature on the various criteria, notably international involvement and election administration, it was largely gender-blind, as well as disability-blind.
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Staffen, Amy, Ryan P. O'Connor, Sarah E. Johnson, P. Danielle Shannon, Jason Fleener, Kelly Kearns, Hannah Panci, Mariquita Sheehan, Aaron Volkening und Matthew Zine. Climate adaptation strategies and approaches for conservation and management of non-forested wetlands. Houghton, MI: USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2019.8228725.ch.
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In a collaborative effort to advance climate adaptation resources available to wetland practitioners, the Wisconsin Initiative on Climate Change Impacts (WICCI) and the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS) have partnered to create adaptation resources for non-forested wetland management. This effort is also supported by the USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub. This publication provides perspectives, information, resources, and tools to wetland managers and natural resource professionals in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States as they endeavor to adapt natural communities and ecosystems to the anticipated effects of climate change. In this publication, we identify potential strategies and approaches that facilitate climate adaptation while meeting wetland conservation or restoration management goals and objectives. Adaptation strategies and approaches are intended to build upon current management actions that work to sustain ecosystems over the long term and support site goals while also adjusting systems to changing conditions. While it is beyond the scope of this publication to comprehensively address all potential adaptation tactics applicable to the conservation of wetlands, we provide examples to guide thinking, recognizing that individual wetland management projects have unique goals. Wetland professionals, reliant on their expertise and judgement, can use the adaptation strategies and approaches presented in this document to develop custom adaptation tactics based on the local conditions
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LeDuc, Jamie, Ryan Maki, Tom Burri, Joan Elias, Jay Glase, Brenda Moraska Lafrancois, Kevin Peterson, David Vandermeulen und Ben Vondra. Voyageurs National Park interior lakes status and impact assessment. National Park Service, Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289923.
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Voyageurs National Park (VNP) is a water-based park that includes part or all of four large lakes and twenty-six smaller lakes commonly referred to as “interior lakes”. The 26 interior lakes of VNP are important aquatic resources with differing size and depth, water chemistry, trophic status, fish communities, and visitor use. Despite the remote location of these lakes, they have been impacted by multiple stressors, including contaminants and non-native species. This assessment provides key information in support of a science-based management plan for these lakes. The objectives of this assessment were to: 1) assess the status of each of the interior lakes and categorically rank the lakes from least to most impacted; 2) use the results to make specific science-based management and restoration recommendations for the most impacted lakes; and 3) make general recommendations that may be useful in managing all of Voyageurs National Park’s interior lakes. When all factors considered in this analysis (water quality, fish mercury concentrations, and fish community characteristics) were combined and assessed, thirteen lakes were classified as most impacted, nine as moderately impacted, and three as least impacted. Although nearly half of the lakes were classified as most impacted in this assessment, many of these lakes are in excellent condition compared to other lakes in the region. The factor-by-factor impact status of the lakes was considered to help describe the condition of the lakes and the potential for restoration. No local management options were identified to mitigate the mercury contamination in these lakes as research has shown the sources of the contamination to arrive from regional and global sources. Similarly, no management actions were identified to reduce nutrient concentrations in the lakes ranked most impacted for nutrient conditions as these are remote lakes with minimal or no development within their watersheds, and it was also noted that paleolimnological studies have shown that the nutrient status of the interior lakes was relatively unchanged from pre-European settlement conditions. Finally, for the lakes in which presumed introduced fish species are present, piscicides were considered as a potential management action. Piscicides were not recommended as a strategy to eradicate introduced fish species as it was determined that genetic conservation of the populations of native fish species still present in these lakes was more valuable than eradicating the introduced species.
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Asari, Vijayan, Paheding Sidike, Binu Nair, Saibabu Arigela, Varun Santhaseelan und Chen Cui. PR-433-133700-R01 Pipeline Right-of-Way Automated Threat Detection by Advanced Image Analysis. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Dezember 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010891.
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A novel algorithmic framework for the robust detection and classification of machinery threats and other potentially harmful objects intruding onto a pipeline right-of-way (ROW) is designed from three perspectives: visibility improvement, context-based segmentation, and object recognition/classification. In the first part of the framework, an adaptive image enhancement algorithm is utilized to improve the visibility of aerial imagery to aid in threat detection. In this technique, a nonlinear transfer function is developed to enhance the processing of aerial imagery with extremely non-uniform lighting conditions. In the second part of the framework, the context-based segmentation is developed to eliminate regions from imagery that are not considered to be a threat to the pipeline. Context based segmentation makes use of a cascade of pre-trained classifiers to search for regions that are not threats. The context based segmentation algorithm accelerates threat identification and improves object detection rates. The last phase of the framework is an efficient object detection model. Efficient object detection �follows a three-stage approach which includes extraction of the local phase in the image and the use of local phase characteristics to locate machinery threats. The local phase is an image feature extraction technique which partially removes the lighting variance and preserves the edge information of the object. Multiple orientations of the same object are matched and the correct orientation is selected using feature matching by histogram of local phase in a multi-scale framework. The classifier outputs locations of threats to pipeline.�The advanced automatic image analysis system is intended to be capable of detecting construction equipment along the ROW of pipelines with a very high degree of accuracy in comparison with manual threat identification by a human analyst. �
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Madrzykowski, Daniel. Firefighter Equipment Operational Environment: Evaluation of Thermal Conditions. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/igfm4492.
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The goal of this study was to review the available literature to develop a quantitative description of the thermal conditions firefighters and their equipment are exposed to in a structural fire environment. The thermal exposure from the modern fire environment was characterized through the review of fire research studies and fire-ground incidents that provided insight and data to develop a range of quantification. This information was compared with existing standards for firefighting protective equipment to generate a sense of the gap between known information and the need for improved understanding. The comparison of fire conditions with the thermal performance requirements of firefighter protective gear and equipment demonstrates that a fire in a compartment can generate conditions that can fail the equipment that a firefighter wears or uses. The review pointed out the following: 1. The accepted pairing of gas temperature ranges with a corresponding range of heat fluxes does not reflect all compartment fire conditions. There are cases in which the heat flux exceeds the hazard level of the surrounding gas temperature. 2. Thermal conditions can change within seconds. Experimental conditions and incidents were identified in which firefighters would be operating in thermal conditions that were safe for operation based on the temperature and heat flux, but then due to a change in the environment the firefighters would be exposed to conditions that could exceed the protective capabilities of their PPE. 3. Gas velocity is not explicitly considered within the thermal performance requirements. Clothing and equipment tested with a hot air circulating (convection) oven are exposed to gas velocities that measure approximately 1.5 m/s (3 mph). In contrast, the convected hot gas flows within a structure fire could range from 2.3 m/s (5 mph) to 7.0 m/s (15 mph). In cases where the firefighter or equipment would be located in the exhaust portion of a flow path, while operating above the level of the fire, the hot gas velocity could be even higher. This increased hot gas velocity would serve to increase the convective heat transfer rate to the equipment and the firefighter, thereby reducing the safe operating time within the structure. 4. Based on the limited data available, it appears currently available protective clothing enables firefighters to routinely operate in conditions above and beyond the "routine" conditions measured in the fire-ground exposure studies conducted during the 1970s. The fire service and fire standards communities could benefit from an improved understanding of: • real world fire-ground conditions, including temperatures, heat flux, pressure, and chemical exposures; • the impact of convection on the thermal resistance capabilities of firefighting PPE and equipment; and • the benefits of balancing the thermal exposures (thermal performance requirements) across different components of firefighter protective clothing and safety equipment. Because it is unlikely due to trade offs in weight, breathe-ability, usability, cost, etc., that fireproof PPE and equipment will ever be a reality, fire officers and fire chiefs need to consider the capabilities of the protection that their firefighters have when determining fire attack strategies and tactics to ensure that the PPE and equipment is kept within its design operating environment, and that the safety buffer it provides is maintained.