Bücher: „Conditions de validité du contrat“

1

Ghestin, Jacques. Cause de l'engagement et validité du contrat. Paris: L.G.D.J., 2006.

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2

Hammouda, Hakim Ben. Afrique: Pour un nouveau contrat de développement. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1999.

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3

Fombrun, Odette Roy. Solution pour Haiti: Konbite solidarite nationale, contrat social. [Haiti]: Imprimerie Henri Deschamps, 1994.

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4

Appel à la jeunesse africaine: Contrat social africain pour le 21e siècle. Paris: CCINIA Communication, 2007.

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5

Obenga, Théophile. Appel à la jeunesse africaine: Contrat social africain pour le 21ème sièle. [Paris?]: Editions Ccinia communication, 2007.

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6

Njoya, Adamou Ndam. Les TRADITIONS DANS L'AFRIQUE RÉPUBLICAINE ET DÉMOCRATIQUE - Pour une nouveau contrat social. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan, 2011.

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7

Vers la fin du contrat social en Syrie: Associations de bienfaisance et redéploiement de l'État (2000-2011). Paris: Karthala, 2019.

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8

Umbelina, Natália. Travail forcé dans l'archipel de Sao Tomé et Príncipe: Les serviçaes : de l'abolition de l'esclavage à la généralisation des travailleurs sous contrat (1853-1903). Paris: L'Harmattan, 2019.

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9

Schwartz, Bertrand. Rapport sur L'insertion professionnelle et sociale des jeunes / Bertrand Schwartz, suivi de, Bien sous tout rapport / Philippe Labbé. Manifeste pour un contrat social avec la jeunesse / Association nationale des directeurs de missions locales. Rennes: Apogée, 2007.

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10

Maître-Arnaud, Elodie. La rétroactivité dans le contrat: Thèse pour obtenir le grade de docteur en droit de l'université Panthéon-Assas Paris II, discipline droit privé, présentée et soutenue publiquement le 23 juin 2003. Lille: Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2005.

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11

Lemeshko, Boris, und Irina Veretel'nikova. Criteria for testing hypotheses about randomness and the absence of a trend. Application Guide. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1587437.

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Annotation:

The monograph discusses the application of statistical criteria aimed at testing hypotheses about the absence of a trend in the analyzed samples. The rejection of such a hypothesis gives grounds to consider the analyzed data as samples of independent equally distributed random variables. We consider a set of special criteria aimed at testing such hypotheses, as well as a set of criteria for the uniformity of laws, the uniformity of averages and the uniformity of variances, which can also be used for these purposes. The disadvantages and advantages of various criteria are emphasized, the application of criteria in conditions of violation of standard assumptions is considered. Estimates of the power of the criteria are given, which allows you to navigate when choosing the most preferred criteria. Following the recommendations will ensure the correctness and increase the validity of statistical conclusions when analyzing data. It is intended for specialists who are interested in the application of statistical methods for the analysis of various aspects and trends of the surrounding reality and who are in contact with the processing of experimental results, the need for data analysis in their activities. It will be useful for engineers, researchers, specialists of various profiles (doctors, biologists, sociologists, economists, etc.) who face the need for statistical analysis of experimental results in their activities. It will also be useful for university teachers, graduate students and students.

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12

Canada. Département des terres de la couronne., Hrsg. Bureau des terres de la couronne: Je suis informé que vous ne vous êtes pas encore conformé aux conditions portées dans le contrat de concession que vous avez obtenu du Département de terre No [10 & 11] située dans la [2eme] concession ... [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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13

Law and order. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1985.

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14

Law and order. London: Stevens and Sons, 1985.

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15

Hanʼguk kwa Ilbon: Sangho insik ŭi yŏksa wa mirae. Sŏul-si: Sallim Chʻulpʻansa, 2005.

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16

1945-, Gilbert Richard J., und Jacquemin Alexis, Hrsg. Barriers to entry and strategic competition. London: Routledge, 2001.

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17

Cumyn, Michelle. La validité du contrat suivant le droit strict ou l'équité. LGDJ, 2002.

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18

MARECHAL-C. Les Marchés à terme, conditions, validité, exception de jeu. Hachette Livre - BNF, 2018.

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19

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.5 Content, third party rights and conditions, s.2: Third party rights, Art.5.2.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0094.

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This commentary focuses on Article 5.2.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning contracts in favour of third parties. Art 5.2.1 stipulates that the parties to a contract can validly agree to benefit a third party, and that it is possible that the third party acquires a right from such an agreement. It also introduces a particular terminology for denominating the parties in the triangular relationship. There are two original parties (‘the parties’) whose agreement contains the promise of one of them (‘the promisor’) to the other (‘the promisee’) to benefit a third person (‘a third party’). This commentary discusses the ‘relativity’ or ‘privity’ of contracts, validity of contracts in favour of third parties, power of the promisor and the promisee to create third party rights, content of the beneficiary's right, rights of the promisee, and implications of invalidity of contracts for third parties.

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20

Peter, Huber. Ch.3 Validity, s.2: Grounds for avoidance, Art.3.2.16. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0070.

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This commentary focuses on Article 3.2.16 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning damages. Art 3.2.16 adopts a ‘neutral’ approach to the issue of damages by simply stating under which conditions a claim for damages may arise and what kinds of damages are recoverable. It does not distinguish between the case where the avoiding party seeks damages and the inverse case where the other party seeks damages. Irrespective of whether or not the contract has been avoided, the party who knew or ought to have known of the ground for avoidance is liable for damages so as to put the other party in the same position in which it would have been if it had not concluded the contract. This commentary discusses the liability of the party entitled to avoid and of the other party in cases where contract is avoided and not avoided, along with the allocation of the burden of proof.

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21

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.5 Content, third party rights and conditions, s.2: Third party rights, Art.5.2.2. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0095.

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This commentary focuses on Article 5.2.2 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the attributes of the third party. The provision aims to strike a balance between commercial flexibility and legal certainty. Art 5.2.2 stipulates that the beneficiary must be identifiable with adequate certainty by the contract but need not be in existence at the time the contract is made. It furthers the autonomy of the original parties by allowing them to accord a right to future persons. A lack of identifiability affects the validity of the contract between the original parties. The burden of proof that the third party is identifiable with adequate certainty by the contract is on the party asserting that a contract in favour of a third party has been validly concluded, usually the beneficiary or the promisee. This commentary discusses the rationale of Article 5.2.2, existence and identity of the third party, and legal capacity of the third party.

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22

Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.5 Content, third party rights and conditions, s.2: Third party rights, Introduction to Section 5.2 of the PICC. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0093.

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Annotation:

Section 5.2 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) deals with contracts in favour of third parties. It covers the creation of a third party right by way of contract and includes the basic rule that provides for the validity and enforceability of contracts in favour of third parties and states the requirements for bringing a third party right into existence. It also defines the rights and duties of the parties in the triangular relationship arising from a contract in favour of a third party. These provisions provide default rules for the conflict of interests typically arising between the three parties involved. Section 5.2 also discusses the defences of the promisor, the extent of the original parties' power to modify or revoke the third party's right, and the right of the third party to renounce the benefit conferred upon it.

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23

Hammouda, Hakim Ben. Afrique: Pour un nouveau contrat de developpement (Forum du tiers monde). L'Harmattan, 1999.

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24

Himma, Kenneth Einar. Morality and the Nature of Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723479.001.0001.

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This book is concerned with explicating the conceptual relationships between law and morality. In particular, it explores the conceptual relationship between morality and the criteria that determine what counts as law in a given society (i.e. the criteria of legal validity). Is it a necessary condition for the existence of a legal system that it includes moral criteria of legal validity? Is it even possible for a legal system to have moral criteria of legal validity? The book considers the views of natural law theorists ranging from Blackstone to Dworkin and rejects them, arguing that it is not conceptually necessary that the criteria of legal validity include moral norms. Further, it rejects the exclusive positivist view, arguing instead that it is conceptually possible for the criteria of validity to include moral norms. In the process of considering such questions, this book considers Joseph Raz’s views concerning the nature of authority and Scott Shapiro’s views about the guidance function of law, which have been thought to repudiate the conceptual possibility of moral criteria of legal validity. The book, then, articulates a thought experiment that shows that it is possible for a legal system to have such criteria and concludes with a chapter that argues that any legal system, like that of the United States, which affords final authority over the content of the law to judges who are fallible with respect to the requirements of morality is a legal system with purely source-based criteria of validity.

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25

Westreich, Daniel. Epidemiology by Design. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190665760.001.0001.

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As the cornerstone science of public health, evidence-based medicine, and comparative effectiveness research, a clear understanding of study designs is central to the study of epidemiology. Causal inference is increasingly being understood as the theoretical foundation underlying epidemiologic study designs and the science as a whole. This textbook takes a causal approach to traditional introductory epidemiology, through the organizing principle of study designs and the lens of modern causal inference approaches (potential outcomes, counterfactuals, identification conditions). The intended audience is first-year graduate students and advanced undergraduates in epidemiology and allied fields more broadly. Section I introduces measures of prevalence and incidence (survival curves, risks, rates, odds) and measures of contrast (differences, ratios), the fundamentals of causal inference, and principles of diagnostic testing, screening, and surveillance. Section II describes three key study designs through the lens of causal inference: randomized trials, prospective observational cohort studies, and case-control studies. For each, the author discusses logistics and conduct, advantages and disadvantages including biases, basic approaches to analysis, and briefly reviews several additional study designs. Section III extends material in previous sections, moving from concerns about internal validity (within a sample) to questions of external validity and population impact. This book provides new students with a rigorous foundation in epidemiologic methods and an introduction to methods and thinking in causal inference, serving as an excellent foundation for further study of the field.

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26

juridika, édition. Droit des Obligations, Sources : Contrats : Leçon N° 5 : la Sanction des Conditions de Formation du Contrat: L'annulation. Independently Published, 2022.

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27

Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs Conseils. Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-build for Electrical and Mechanical Works and for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Contractor. Thomas Telford Ltd, 1999.

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28

Krupnikov, Yanna, und Blake Findley. Survey Experiments. Herausgegeben von Lonna Rae Atkeson und R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.32.

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In recent years more and more scholars have turned to survey experiments. These studies randomly assign treatments in a survey context, which allows a researcher to balance both internal and external validity considerations. Although survey experiments carry with them numerous benefits, these studies are not without their costs. Pivotal to the costs and benefits of survey experiments are the types of participants recruited to take part in a study and the types of tasks these participants are asked to perform. This chapter explores the conditions under which survey experiments can live up to the promise of greater generalizability and considers those under which this type of experimental design is superior to other experimental approaches.

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29

Brazier, John, Julie Ratcliffe, Joshua A. Salomon und Aki Tsuchiya. Methods for obtaining health state utility values: generic preference-based measures of health. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725923.003.0007.

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This chapter describes the six most widely used generic preference-based measures of health (GPBMs) (also known as multiattribute utility scales): EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI, AQoL, 15D, and QWB. GPBMs have become the most widely used method for obtaining health state utility values. They contain a health state classification with multilevel dimensions that together describe a universe of health states and a set of values (where full health = 1 and dead = 0) for each health state obtained by eliciting the preferences (typically) of members of the general population. These measures are reviewed in terms of their content, methods of valuation, the scores they generate, and the possible reasons for the differences found. Their performance is reviewed using published evidence on their validity across conditions, and the implications for their use in policy making discussed. The chapter also reviews the generic measures available for use in populations of children and adolescents.

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30

Galynker, Igor. Suicide Crisis Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190260859.003.0007.

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Research has shown that the suicide crisis syndrome (SCS) is a suicide-specific diagnosable condition that is associated with imminent suicidal behavior. This chapter proposes Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for SCS and provides a detailed description of its proposed structure and symptoms. Discussion of long-term versus short-term suicide risk and of suicide warning signs is followed by a discussion of the lack of predictive validity of self-reported suicidal ideation and intent with regard to imminent suicidal behavior. The core of the chapter consists of detailed description of the SCS main components: entrapment, affective disturbance in its many forms (emotional pain, anhedonia, frantic anxiety, and depressive turmoil), loss of cognitive control in several forms (ruminations, cognitive rigidity, thought suppression, and ruminative flooding), and altered arousal. The chapter concludes with the SCS assessment algorithm, representative case descriptions, and a test case.

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31

Rosenthal, Michael A. Spinoza’s Political Philosophy. Herausgegeben von Michael Della Rocca. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195335828.013.016.

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This article argues that Spinoza is a modern republican political philosopher. He combines Machiavelli’s idea of liberty with Hobbes’s version of the social contract. This claim has four basic elements. First, Spinoza rejects Hobbes’s view that the individual must alienate his natural rights to form a state through a contract. Rather, the contract’s validity depends on a continuous and dynamic transfer of power from its citizens, which is defined as participation in public life. Second, the stability of a state depends on how effectively the regime can foster participation in the state. Spinoza uses his theory of the imagination and passions to explain how the state can overcome free-rider problems in the social contract. Hence the republican ideal of government is expressed not so much in any particular constitutional form of the state but in how well each form can foster participation. Although democracy expresses the highest degree of participation—and hence stability—aristocracy and even monarchy can be also optimized. Third, the participation of the individual in the state is not an end in itself but the means to the individual’s own freedom. So, although participation in the state is a necessary condition of individual well-being, it is certainly not sufficient to become virtuous. Fourth, the participation of individuals in the state, the quality and structure of state stability, as a well as the freedom of the state and individual, all depend on the degree of rationality manifest in both the individual and in the institutional structures of the state.

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32

Shaping the Future of Work: What Future Worker, Business, Government, and Education Leaders Need to Do for All to Prosper. Business Expert Press, 2015.

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33

Gaus, Gerald F. Social Philosophy. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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34

Social Philosophy. Routledge, 2015.

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35

Gaus, Gerald F. Social Philosophy. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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36

Kochan, Thomas A. Shaping the Future of Work: What Future Worker, Business, Government, and Education Leaders Need to Do for All to Prosper. Business Expert Press, 2015.

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37

Kochan, Thomas A., und Lee Dyer. Shaping the Future of Work: A Handbook for Action and a New Social Contract. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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38

Kochan, Thomas A., und Lee Dyer. Shaping the Future of Work. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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39

Kochan, Thomas A., und Lee Dyer. Shaping the Future of Work: A Handbook for Action and a New Social Contract. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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40

Shaping the Future of Work: A Handbook for Action and a New Social Contract. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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41

Kochan, Thomas A., und Lee Dyer. Shaping the Future of Work. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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42

Mills, Charles, und Carole Pateman. Contract and Domination. Polity Press, 2013.

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43

Pateman, Carole, und Charles Mills. Contract and Domination. Polity Press, 2007.

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44

Mills, Charles, und Carole Pateman. Contract and Domination. Polity Press, 2013.

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45

Mills, Charles, und Carole Pateman. Contract and Domination. Polity Press, 2013.

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