Dissertationen zum Thema „Conception résiliente“
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Mallard, Kathleen. „Démarche de conception multicritère de système de production d'énergie : application à une hydrolienne durable et résiliente pour micro-réseau isolé“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEverywhere, populations need energy to satisfy their needs and support their development. This work focuses on access to electrical energy in isolated areas that are too far from the main electricity grid to be connected to it. Among them, we select areas near a sea or river where hydrokinetic energy can be harnessed and transformed into electricity by a hydrokinetic turbine. The technological solutions available on the market only partially meet the specific needs of communities in these isolated areas. The objective of the thesis is twofold: to propose a multi-criteria design approach in order to imagine an energy production solution compatible with the challenges of sustainable development, and then to apply this approach to design a hydrokinetic turbine solution for isolated micro-grids that is sustainable and resilient. The design approach is based on the consideration of qualitative and quantitative criteria related to technical, economic, environmental and social sustainability from the upstream phases of the project. The proposed tool helps the designer to dialogue with the various stakeholders in order to target an electricity production solution that allows for human, economic, technical and community development that is both anchored in the territory and respectful of the environment. The application of the approach and the tool on the hydrokinetic turbine for isolated micro-grids leads to a sketch of the system and its components. We have been inspired by the low-tech philosophy that advocates simple, sustainable, resilient and accessible technologies. We sketched the characteristics of the turbine's electrical generator and then proposed a multi-physical analytical model and economic, environmental and cost analysis for an optimized pre-sizing. The machine is a squirrel-cage induction machine with a waterproof winding for open water cooling, a condenser bank for autonomous operation and an extended speed range. We have also studied the effects of the tooth-coiled winding on the asynchronous generator. Finally, we selected the Amazonian villages of French Guiana as a case study and in particular the CNRS research station of Nouragues. We apply the design approach and pre-size the generator with the available data with the objectives of maximizing the energy efficiency or minimizing the mass of the machine and the economic and environmental costs
Gascon, Emilie. „Conception par l'opportunité pour des villes éco-résilientes aux inondations“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLD002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recognition of the limits of the possibilities of combating floods, a vision of “Living With” floods is developing. The aim is no longer to resist water, but to allow it into the territory and adapt. This strategic approach opens the way to a positive vision of flood risk, in which the opportunities associated with floods can be envisaged.In this context of “Living With”, this piece of research seeks to theorise and promote the emerging method of opportunity-based design as applied to flood eco-resilient cities. This thesis therefore examines how:1. the concept of opportunity constitutes an approach within the theoretical framework of flood eco-resilient cities;2. the opportunity-based approach constitutes a method of design and offers advantages, relevance and potential for the design of flood eco-resilient cities, in particular by comparison with the most common method of risk management.The purpose of this thesis research is to formalise the method of opportunity-based design through a representational tool—an observation grid— in order to facilitate the use and promotion of such design. In order to communicate on —but above all to exploit the results— of the method, a grid for the observation of the strategies associated with urban and landscape projects for opportunity-based design is investigated. This instrument, in particular aimed at architectural, urban and landscape designers, is developed by means of a semantic map. Semantic mapping is the methodological solution employed in this research. It is used to explore and connect the multiple data collected, and to organise them so that their complexity can be understood. The observation grid therefore maps the method employed and constitutes a tool for implementation in opportunity-based design.On the one hand, the results obtained from this research demonstrate, first, that the opportunity-based approach offers potential for design in response to the complexity of urban flood territories. Through diversity and proactiveness, it would seem to be relevant in achieving the balance between natural phenomena and human activities. On the other hand, the risk-based and opportunity-based approaches are different but complementary. What emerges from the mapping process is that the design of flood eco-resilient cities entails a balance between risk and opportunity.Second, these results show that opportunity-based design reflects a logic that generates virtuous cycles between landscape features (soil, vegetation, etc.) and fundamental flows (water, energy, waste, nutrients, etc.) for the production of socio‑eco-environmental benefits. The basis of its action is to reconnect cities with their territories by articulating, in a multifunctional, interdisciplinary and multitemporal way, the synergies between the physical elements of urban territory. It is particularly relevant in that it formulates a new, balanced relationship between human and hydro-ecological systems and offers the potential for a new societal perspective.To sum up, the first important conclusion is that semantic mapping is an effective research tool in that it facilitates the handling and analysis of complex data. The second is that the method theorised, together with the observation grid developed, constitute a change in flood-related design practices. And finally, this thesis establishes a refined theoretical and practical starting point for challenging the risk management paradigm and pursuing further research into flood eco-resilient cities and into “Living With” floods
Stoicescu, Miruna. „Conception et implémentation de systèmes résilients par une approche à composants“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018621.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdjetey-Bahun, Kpotissan. „Résilience de bout en bout pour la (re)conception d'un système de transport“. Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to develop a model that assesses and improves the resilience of mass railway transportation system. A state of the art on resilience quantification approaches in sociotechnical systems reveals some limitations relative to their adequacy to the mass railway transportation systems. The model developed in this work is helping to give some answers to these limitations. We identify and develop four interrelated subsystems: transportation, power, telecommunication and organization subsystems. We also characterized and modeled these subsystems' interdependencies. This allows us to get insight into the system holistically. We also propose and quantify some performance indicators of this system. These performance indicators are used afterwards to quantify the resilience of the system. The number of passengers that reach their destination station, passenger delay and passenger load are performance indicators used in this work. The model is applied to the Paris mass railway transportation system. After modeling perturbations, we also assess the extent to which some crisis management plans are taken into account in the model. Then, a simulator has been developed, and an approach that aims to implement an end-to-end resilient system is proposed. Operating conditions of railway transportation system are incorporated into topological indicators of transportation systems found in the literature through the model. This allows us to show the relevance of these operating-conditions dependent indicators relative to the usual topological indicators of the studied network
Simard, Caroline. „Conception et validation d'un modèle théorique de la résilience auprès des étudiants universitaires“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28371.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResilience is a phenomenon inspiring optimism towards consequences of adversity, hence writings on the subject flourished. The popularity was such that progress outdistanced synthesis and integration of knowledge on the subject (Cicchetti & Garmezy, 1993; Lemay, 2006; Luthar & Cushing, 1999). The plurality in points of view about resilience hinders its understanding and challenges its operationalization, conceptually and methodologically. In this context, the proposed research aims at responding to the different needs of consolidation, synthesis, and rigor, as suggested by experts in the field (see Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000; Walsh, Dawson, & Mattingly, 2010). As resilience is a phenomenon embedded in its context, it is interesting to focus one’s interest on a population being at the crossroads of multiple developmental tasks. Indeed, most of university students are located in the phase of emerging adulthood, in continuity with adolescence and adulthood (Masten, Burt, Roisman, Obradovic, Long, & Tellegen, 2004). Moreover, many challenges use their adaptation capacities, such as performance pressure, the need to make life choices, or financial hardship. Those lead to psychological distress in university students and constitute an obstacle to academic achievement. The current thesis hence seeks to propose a theoretical model of university students’ resilience. To do so, two studies were conducted. The first study consists in a meta-analysis summarizing factors identified as relevant in the study and assessment of university students’ resilience, from previous empirical research. The second study aims at validating the said model with a sample of Quebec university students. Results emerging from the two studies make it possible to structure the variables involved in the resilience phenomenon under five main factors: personal resources, social processes, resilience (as a second order factor), adversity and results (i.e. consequences of adaptation). To our knowledge, this is the first model using structural equation modeling and integrating the three main theoretical perspectives of resilience, namely as a trait, process, or result. For this reason, the model contributes to the understanding of the relative importance of each factor. Results show that the resilience factor groups individual and social ressources and mediates the relationship between adversity and outcomes of adaptation.
Fressancourt, Antoine. „Conception et mise en oeuvre d'overlays réseau dynamiques pour la résilience du Cloud : Vers une flexibilité et une résilience accrue du Cloud Computing“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03690026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, Internet services as well as applications delivered using Cloud Computing are hosted in large datacenters. The Cloud Service Providers (CSP) commit to give to their customers access to their infrastructures with a high level of availability. They also target a high level of reliability of the data processed in their computing infrastructure. In order to respect those commitments, CSPs replicate the applications they run and the associated data in remote datacenters. From a CSP’s perspective, ensuring a high level of availability and reliability must be achieved while keeping the operational and capital expenditures as limited as possible. The coordinated operation of cloud applications from a set of remote datacenters requires using a performant and resilient connection scheme. In that extend, most CSPs deploy a mesh of private protected links rented from Internet service providers between their datacenters. A priori, such a connection scheme is costly and poorly flexible. Besides,from a CSP’s point of view, including a new datacenter in the desired network is an expensive approach. The goal of this PhD thesis is to allow CSPs to ensure their datacenter interconnections’ resiliency using a flexible and affordable connection scheme. In that extend, we take advantage of the fact that datacenters are most of the time connected to the Internet through several Internet service providers. We design an overlay network architecture, referred as Kumori. Kumori stands for "cloudy" in Japanese. This architecture aims to detect and to react quickly to link or node failures affecting inter-datacenter communications over the Internet. This overlay consists in routing inflection points placed at Internet Exchange Points (IXP). The Kumori architecture is managed by a central controller. After the description of the Kumori architecture, we evaluate its characteristics in terms of performance and resiliency. First, we compare Kumori’s performance to the performance achieved by RON (Resilient Overlay Network), another overlay network architecture aiming at enhancing resiliency over the Internet. We then, characterize the resiliency benefits provided by the Kumori architecture. To do so, we evaluate the number of disjoint paths that it can establish between the datacenters of two CSPs: Atos and Amazon. For the sake of this evaluation, we build a directed graph representation of the Internet using three public data sources in which the graph nodes represent the various operators’ geographical points of presence (PoP). Our Internet representation allows us to take into account the differences between network operators in the Internet. One of the major challenges we faced during this evaluation is related to the very large size of the graph we obtained, and to the algorithmic complexity of the path diversity search algorithm. At last, we discuss an evaluation of Kumori’s costs of operation in order to evaluate the economical potential of this architecture
Trifan, Laurentiu. „Résilience dans les Systèmes de Workflow Distribués pour les Applications d’Optimisation Numérique : Conception et Expériences“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims conceiving an environment for high performance computing in a numerical optimization context. The tools for conception and optimization are distributed across several teams, both academics and industrial, which collaborate inside a unique project. The tools should be federated within a common environment to facilitate access to researchers and engineers. The environment that we offer, in order to meet the above conditions, consists of a workflow system and a distributed computing system. The first system aims to facilitate the application design task while the latter is responsible for executing on distributed computing resources. Of course, communication services between the two systems must be developed. The computation must be performed effectively, taking into account the internal parallelism of some software code, synchronous or asynchronous task execution, the transfer of data and hardware and software resources available (e.g. load balancing). In addition, the environment should provide a good level of fault tolerance and software failures, to minimize their influence on the final result or the computation time. An important condition in particular is to implement recovery devices on error occurence, so that the extra time for error handling remains well below the total time of re-execution. As part of this work, our choice fell on the Yawl workflow engine, which has good characteristics in terms of i) hardware and software independence (client-server system that can run on heterogeneous hardware) and ii) error recovery mechanism. For distributed computing part, our experiments were performed on the Grid5000 platform, using up to 64 different machines on five geographical sites. This document details the design of this environment and the extensions and changes we have had to perform on Yawl to enable it to run on a distributed platform
Vargas, Florez Jorge. „Aide à la conception de chaînes logistiques humanitaires efficientes et résilientes : application au cas des crises récurrentes péruviennes“. Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEvery year, more than 400 natural disasters hit the world. To assist those affected populations, humanitarian organizations store in advance emergency aid in warehouses. This PhD thesis provides tools for support decisions on localization and sizing of humanitarian warehouses. Our approach is based on the design of representative and realistic scenarios. A scenario expresses some disasters’ occurrences for which epicenters are known, as well as their gravity and frequency. This step is based on the exploitation and analysis of databases of past disasters. The second step tackles about possible disaster’s propagation. The objective consists in determining their impact on population on each affected area. This impact depends on vulnerability and resilience of the territory. Vulnerability measures expected damage values meanwhile resilience estimates the ability to withstand some shock and recover quickly. Both are largely determined by social and economic factors, being structural (geography, GDP, etc.) or political (establishment or not relief infrastructure, presence and strict enforcement of construction standards, etc.). We propose through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify, for each territory, influential factors of resilience and vulnerability and then estimate the number of victims concerned using these factors. Often, infrastructure (water, telecommunications, electricity, communication channels) are destroyed or damaged by the disaster (e.g. Haiti in 2010). The last step aims to assess the disaster logistics impact, specifically those related to with: transportation flows capacity limitations and destruction of all or part of emergency relief inventories. The following of our study focuses on location and allocation of a warehouses’ network. The proposed models have the originality to consider potential resources and infrastructure degradation after a disaster (resilience dimension) and seek optimizing the equilibrium between costs and results (effectiveness dimension). Initially we consider a single scenario. The problem is an extension of classical location studies. Then we consider a set of probable scenarios. This approach is essential due to the highly uncertain character of humanitarian disasters. All of these contributions have been tested and validated through a real application case: Peruvian recurrent disasters. These crises, mainly due to earthquakes and floods (El Niño), require establishment of a first aid logistics network that should be resilient and efficient
Debref, Romain. „Le processus d'innovation environnementale face à ses contradictions : le cas du secteur des revêtements de sol résilients“. Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIME004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs a kind of a flipside of the coin, the end of the "Thirty Glorious Years" is marked by the recognition of environmental issues and the oil crises of the 1970s The first major UN conference dedicated to the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 takes place in context where scientists, industrialists and politicians are questioning the methods for creating a new model of society. To The “Green Growth” to “degrowth”, proposals abound since this last decade. Since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, technical change, innovation and industry are the center of attention. But the doctrine of environmental innovation and methods for eco-design are still fragile.Since the Industrial Revolution, the sector of resilient floorings follows lifestyles whilst keeping its symbol of a society of mass consumption. Prey to controversies, we propose to describe how the industry manage and integrate environmental pressure; and especially how they mobilized the process of environmental innovation to withstand pressure
Mawhin, Barbara. „Stratégies de protection de la performance pour la conception de cockpits résilients : le cas de la fatigue en situation inattendue de résolution de problème“. Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMghirbi, Oussama. „Résilience des exploitations agricoles face au changement des pratiques phytosanitaires : Conception d’outils de gestion des risques liés aux pesticides – cas du bassin versant de l’étang de l’or en France“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe excessive use of plant protection products has caused public health and environmental issues dueto their toxicity. As part of this interdisciplinary research work between geography and agronomy, theobjective is to analyse the resilience of farms and their capacity to deal with the change of plantprotection practices. In order to answer this objective, our work is based on the design of a method forassessing plant protection practices at different spatial scales and on a technical-economic model foroptimising plant protection treatment and managing risks related to pesticides. This work consists inproviding territorial actors with decision-support tools for an integrated management of pesticide useat the “Etang de l’Or” catchment area in the South of France. This study is based on the use of severalmultidisciplinary tools: mathematical programming techniques, statistical analysis and GeographicInformation Systems (GIS), by introducing agri-environmental indicators for plant protection pressure(TFI) and risks of toxicity on the applicator’s health and on environment (IRSA, IRTE), and economicindicators. The combination of these indicators defines the different categories of farms resilience andcapacity of their production systems to deal with the change of plant protection practices. The conceptof resilience, combined with spatial analysis of agri-environmental and economic indicators usingGIS, allows implementing generic decision-support tools to find a compromise between the differentactors to deal with problems of spatial inequality and socioeconomic in term of phytosanitary diffusepollution. The results of multi-scale analysis allow implementing management strategies of risksrelated to plant protection practice based on the vulnerability of the natural environment on a territoryand ensuring suitable economic outcomes to farms
Rachdi, Mohamed Anouar. „Optimisation des ressources de réseaux hétérogènes avec coeur de réseau MPLS“. Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00146229.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoudalo, Wilson. „Vers une ingénierie avancée de la sécurité des systèmes d'information d'entreprise : une approche conjointe de la sécurité, de l'utilisabilité et de la résilience dans les systèmes sociotechniques“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn our era of the service industry, information systems play a prominent role. They even hold a vital position for businesses, organizations and individuals. Information systems are confronted with new security threats on an ongoing basis; these threats become more and more sophisticated and of different natures. In this context, it is important to prevent attackers from achieving their results, to manage the inevitable flaws, and to minimize their impacts. Security practices must be carried out within an engineering framework; Security engineering needs to be improved. To do this, it is proposed to develop systemic approaches, innovative on wide spectra and that work on several axes together, improving the user experience. Our goal is to jointly track down and resolve issues of security, usability and resiliency in enterprise information systems. In this doctoral thesis, we position sociotechnical systems in relation to the information systems of companies and organizations. We address paradigms of sociotechnical systems and refocus on the correlations between security, usability and resilience. A case study illustrates the proposed approach. It presents the development of design patterns to improve the user experience. The thesis concludes with an overall discussion of the approach, as well as research perspectives
Andersen, Karen. „La contribution des habitants et des usages à la production des espaces publics : le cas du tremblement de terre et tsunami au chili, février 2010“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOften neglected by the practice of urban planning, this thesis explores the forms of representation of the sensitive aspects of urban life in a process of urban design. Through two field surveys we show how the inhabitants participate in the production of a creative and resilient public space. By public space we understand its double theoretical filiation: physical and political. We target the observation in the transformation processes of the public places through the modification of the practices and the meanings that these places have for the inhabitants. We also handle the public space as the place of the political debate, the meeting and the conflict in the shape of a democratic practice. This particular public space will be named: “spontaneous public space”. It is spontaneous, because it is not designed and it is not planned. As it appears spontaneously, it can disappear in the same way. It is produced from real-life experiences and from local conditions. An ethnographical field survey focused on the experiences and perception of public spaces by the inhabitants and the communities, give an intentionality to the analysis of the sensitive experience, because it does not limit itself to the dimensions of the sensitive experience but integrates what is observed or either found by inhabitants. After the earthquake and the tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, off the coast of south-central Chile, we noticed how in a situation of upheaval and reconstruction of the spaces of representation, the sensitive plays a key-role. The catastrophic situation generates spontaneous public spaces; it generates a practical commitment of the inhabitants, mobilizes sensitive reactions and makes the public space more hospitable and resilient. From the study of two concrete cases -corresponding to the emergency camp El Molino of Dichato and to the city of Talca after the disaster- we focus the observation in the practices of implication of the inhabitants during all the process of reconstruction of their public and private spaces as well as their intimate spheres. These practices include all the actions of the inhabitants, from their most spontaneous and short-lived actions to face the reconstruction and the state of emergency and vulnerability of the situation post-disaster, to the most formalized actions. We want to complete the idea of a “participative” urban design with the notion of a spontaneous public space - autonomous of the participative plans - as an inclusive third space capable of introducing sensitive aspects in the debate. This research gives rise to questioning the urban design as a common space of expression and understanding, where the decoupling existing between the expertise and the novice can be surpassed
Thing, Leo Gilles. „Projet de construction et fonctions d'usage : métriques de dégradation et réajustement dynamique des performances“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is widely observed that construction and renovation projects suffer poor quality in the case of buildings, for instance. This is a major drawback as it affects the sustaining development goals of the building industry. Often, the subsequent conditions of service do not meet the normative standards; the costs for renovating the buildings are significant high, and the carbon footprint increases. They result in imperfections of the whole process related to construction projects. In fact, the production process is intended integrate architectural elements and structural components by putting them together adequately with the purpose of providing functions defined as «building features». Each of these features is then expressed as performances whose level, spanning the whole life cycle of the building, depends on the quality of its implementation. The present thesis focuses, in a first part, on the quantification of a « satisfaction index » of any construction project. For this purpose, a dynamic production process modeling a building has been developed; it takes into account disturbances in order to predict quantitatively the gap between the effective performance level and the required and targeted level. In a second part, considering a given performance level, the production process modeling aims to develop « recovery functions » depending on the allocated resources. Therefore, hypothetic mathematical expressions are adopted in order to describe the deterioration and the recovery of a performance level. A theoretical approach is also developed; it is adapted by analogy with global resilience process, at the scale of a building scale. For illustrative and comparative purposes, two kinds of constructive methods, for exterior walls (façade) are considered. A sensitivity study of the project’s « satisfaction index» is then performed out according to parameters such as constructor’s know‐how and past experience, constructive process complexity as well as allocated and available resources
Ed-Daoui, Ilyas. „Towards systems-of-systems structural resilience assessment Resilience assessment as a foundation for systems-of-systems safety evaluation : application to an economic infrastructure An approach to systems-of-systems structural analysis through interoperability assessment : application on Moroccan Case A study of an adaptive approach for systems-of-systems integration A contribution to systems-of-systems concept standardization Unstructured peer-to-peer systems : towards swift Routing A deterministic approach for systems-of-systems resilience quantification Vers des systèmes de systèmes robustes Security enhancement architectural model for IMS based networks Towards reliable IMS-based networks“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR07.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, we expect of SoS (systems-of-systems) more than just to be functional, but also to be reliable, to preserve their performance, to complete the required fonctions and rnost importantly to anticipate potential defects. The relationship with resilience is among the numerous perspectives tackling reliability in the context of SoS. It is about the consequences in case of disturbances and associated uncertainties. Resilience is defined as the ability of systems to withstand a major disruption within acceptable degradation parameters and to recover within an acceptable time, composite costs and risks. In this thesis, two complementary approaches are proposed in an attempt to analyze SoS structural resilience. First is related to extensibility which is a specific characteristic of SoS as they are in continuous evolvement and change. A major focus is to evaluate SoS structural resilience with regards to its dynamic aspect and through interoperability assessment. On the other hand, a consideration of the SoS structure and inner workflow pathways represents the second approach. This perspective leads to structural resilience assessment through a set of indicators. Both proposed approaches are deterministic and can be used to evaluate the current state of SoS structure or to anticipate its resilience in future scenarios. Futhermore, a prototype is designed in order to process the structural resilience assessment. Considering spatial objects, it has been used to conduct experiments on real-based industrial infrastructures approached as SoS
Kadri, Farid. „Contribution à la conception d'un système d'aide à la décision pour la gestion de situations de tension au sein des systèmes hospitaliers. Application à un service d'urgence“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe management of patient flow, especially the flow resulting from health (flu, heat waves and exceptional circumstances) is one of the most important problems to manage in the emergency department (ED). To handle the influx of patients, emergency departments require significant human and material resources, and a high degree of coordination between these resources. Under these conditions, the medical and the paramedical staffs are often confronted with strain situations which greatly complicate their task. The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to improving the management of situations of tension occurring in the emergency department by providing a decision support system, SAGEST. This DSS allows i) a proactive control of the ED: predicting at short and/or medium-term the occurrence of potential strain situations and proposing corrective actions to prevent the occurrence of these situations, ii) a reactive control in the case of no-detection of the strain situation occurrence. A functional architecture of the SAGEST system, based on the manager’s decision making process is proposed. Used methodologies and models embedded in the main functions and the knowledge base of the SAGEST system are described. Finally, experiments and results of different models of SAGEST system applied to the paediatric emergency department (PED) of the Regional University Hospital of Lille are presented and discussed
Brulé, Emeline. „Comprendre les expériences scolaires des enfants déficients visuels en France : Approche mixte par l'éthnographie“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince 2005, France recognizes the right of children with disabilities to attend their neighborhood mainstram school schools. This research, conducted from 2014 to 2017, focuses on the school experiences of visually impaired and blind children in France, in order to understand the impacts of this legal evolution. More specifically, it seeks to understand how student well-being is defined in this context, both by students and by health, care, social and educational workers; the resources negotiated and mobilized by students to improve their schooling conditions; and to propose ways in which assistive educational technologies can be designed and used in inclusive schooling. To achieve this, it explores how the sensory turn can help to design inclusive technical and didactic devices
Caisso, Camille. „Caractérisation et modélisation de la rupture dans le domaine de la transition ductile-fragile de matériaux tubulaires utilisés dans la fabrication de générateurs de gaz pour airbags“. Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the characterization of the ductile and brittle failure mechanisms of tubular materials used for the manufacture of airbag gas generators. During a crash, airbag cushion is inflated in a few milliseconds by a gas generator. In case of gas generator failure, a ductile failure mode must be ensured up to temperatures of -60°C. A Charpy ring test has been proposed to quantify the risk of brittle failure of gas generator materials. However, this modification of the Charpy test raises two issues: to what extent does this test allow to characterize the ductile-fragile transition and how can the risk of brittle failure of an operating gas generator be deduced from the results of the Charpy test? To answer these questions, an approach combining experiments and numerical simulations was implemented. Various experimental configurations were developed in order to characterize material behavior and ductile damage. The ductile failure is modeled with a local approach. Then, ductile to brittle transition was characterized by a Charpy ring test campaign performed for temperatures between -160°C and 23°C. A numerical study of this test was carried out. Coupled with the Charpy tests, it allowed to set up a model of the brittle failure. The risk of gas generators brittle failure is finally evaluated. The influence of the manufacturing process on the risk of brittle failure was also studied