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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Concentrateurs par gravité – Simulation par ordinateur“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Concentrateurs par gravité – Simulation par ordinateur"
Sadeghi, Maryam. „Modeling and simulation of spiral concentrators“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69372.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpiral concentrators are gravity separation devices used for the valorization of ores for which the specific gravity of the valuable minerals is significantly different from that of the gangue minerals. This is the case of iron ore processing discussed in this thesis. Spirals are preferred to other mineral separation devices because they are inexpensive, simple of operation, practically maintenance free, low energy demanding and do not require the use of reagents to separate minerals. Despite these appealing qualities and unlike flotation, few studies are dedicated to the analyze the spiral operation. Indeed, it is only recently that basic process analysis has shown that spirals fail to recover coarse dense mineral particles to the heavy product. It has also been recently found that wash water, as the main control variable for the operation of the studied spirals, is partly responsible for the loss of coarse valuable particles. To make up for this loss and to maintain a satisfactory operation of spirals, other control variables such as the concentrate cutter openings and position of the splitter gates at the spiral discharge should be used. The study of alternative control strategies for spirals implies testing these strategies in the industrial environment, which is practically impossible considering that the operation of mineral processing plants is subjected to constraints imposed on the production and on the quality of the plant product. Besides, the impact of disturbances due to ore variations and/or mechanical problems in the plant is unavoidable. Testing new control strategies in pilot plant is possible but it is certainly costly if one can find a pilot plant equipped for such testing. Plant operators are thus seeking for rapid and inexpensive approaches to carry out such investigation to identify strategies that can subsequently be safely tested in a plant. Process simulation offers this possibility, but a literature survey rapidly revealed the absence of simulation tools for spirals and more particularly for gravity separation circuits that use spiral concentrators. The first step in building such circuit simulator is to find or develop mathematical models for the units of the circuit. With the objective of testing control strategies, it is thus important that the model to be developed be able to account for the usual spiral operating variables, namely the cutter opening, the discharge splitter position and the wash water addition. The objective of this research project is to propose such model for spirals. A mathematical model is therefore described to predict the trajectory of particles distributed in mineral/size classes as they flow down a spiral. This is achieved here by introducing the new concept of Particle Displacement Functions (PDF) in spiral modelling to describe the movements of the particles flowing down the spiral. The model is calibrated using data generated from tests conducted on a pilot-scale test rig built around a Mineral Technologies WW6+ spiral, installed in the Mineral Processing Laboratory of Université Laval. The model is further validated with data obtained from a WW6E spiral operated at COREM. The test rig commissioned at Laval University uses a controlled wash water distribution within the spiral turns to overcome the observed problem of unequal wash water distribution when using the spiral built-in wash water distribution system. The test rig is also designed to sample simultaneously the product from each concentrate cutter of the spiral, so that the progress of the heavy mineral concentration down the spiral can be monitored. This information can be used to calibrate the model. The calibrated spiral simulator predicts adequately the spiral response to changes in the states of the operating variables. The model can simulate a cleaner spiral operation although it is calibrated using data collected from a rougher spiral operation. The proposed model is ready to be implemented into a simulator for an iron ore processing plant, although work remains to be done to finalize the calibration methodology to improve the prediction of the mineral size distribution in the spiral middling stream.
Murdoch, Naomi. „Modélisation des propriétés des matériaux granulaires sur la surface des astéroïdes et dans différentes conditions de gravité“. Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis, at the interface between the scientific disciplines of planetary science and granular physics, has two key components, both of which intend to increase our understanding of granular dynamics in varying gravitational conditions. The dynamics of granular materials are involved in the evolution of solid planets, planetary satellites and small bodies in our Solar System, whose surfaces are generally covered with regolith. Understanding granular dynamics is also critical for the design and/or operations of landers, sampling devices and rovers to be included in space missions. The first component of this thesis is the validation of the hard-sphere discrete element method (HSDEM) implementation in the N-body code pkdgrav to model the dynamics of granular material. By direct comparison with results form laboratory experiments, it is demonstrated that the hard-sphere discrete element method implementation in pkdgrav is valid for modelling granular material in dilute regimes and is capable of reproducing the complex dynamical behaviour of a specific dense system as well. The second component is focussed on the AsTex parabolic flight experiment. This experiment, with the aim of characterising, the response of granular material to rotational shear forces in a microgravity environment, was designed, constructed, flown and the data were analysed as part of this thesis. It was found that the effect of constant shearing on a granular material in a direction perpendicular to the gravity field is not strongly influenced by gravity. The AstEx experiment has demonstrated, for the first time, that the efficiency of granular convection may decrease in the presence of a weak gravitational field, similar to that on the surface of small bodies. The first measurements of transient weakening of granular material after shear reversal in microgravity are also reported. Results suggest that the force contact network may be weaker in microgravity, although the influence of any change in the contact network is felt by the granular material over much larger distances. This may have important implications of our interpretation of asteroid surfaces
Alvan, Lucie. „Ondes internes de gravité dans les étoiles de type solaire : Excitation, propagation et transport de moment cinétique“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077226.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis concerns the study of internal gravity waves in solar-like stars and of their influence on the dynamics of these stars. We focus our work on their excitation, propagation and damping processes in stellar interiors. In the first part, we present two original contributions based on the linear and asymptotic theon of stellar oscillations. We first study, in a 3D spherical geometry, the impact of critical layers on the angular momentum transport induced by interna) waves. Then, we present the results of our 3D raytracing code, that provides a new vision of the propagation of gravity waves in a spherical radiative zone in rotation. In the second part, we describe new 3D simulations of the Sun including the coupling between the inner radiative zone and the convective envelope, and taking into account rotation, nonlinear terms and thermal processes. We show that the pummeling of convective plumes excites a large spectrum of gravity waves propagating in the radiative zone. We study their power spectrum to characterize the amount of energy transmitted from convection to waves, and we show that the linear theory over-estimates their damping rate. Lastly, we focus on the effects of rotation on the excitation and propagation of waves, and we study the precision of seismic inversions of rotation profiles. This work offers new diagnostic tools in close relationship with the current revolution of stellar seismology
Chavez-Garcia, Francisco J. „Diffraction et amplification des ondes sismiques dans le bassin de Mexico“. Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuignard, Stéphan. „Suivi d'interface de type V. O. F. : application au déferlement des ondes de gravité dû aux variations bathymétriques“. Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThose two last decades, both in the industrial and academics fields, the needs in numerical simulation of multi-fluid flows involving viscous fluids have strongly increased. This thesis presents a study performed in the frame of a "CNRS/SME" granted Ph-D which major input is the development of an high order interface tracking method based on the Volume Of Fluid concept (V. O. F) and it integration in an industrial CFD code in order to improve it's capabilities in numerical simulation of multifluid flows. This original interface tracking method called SL-VOF (Segment Lagrangian - Volume Of Fluid) uses a piecewise linear interface representation and a lagrangian advection scheme. Various versions of this method arc first tested on simple kinematics cases from which the last version appears to be of fully second order. The two first versions of the method arc then tested throughout 2DV numerical simulations of solitary wave breaking due to a spatial mean water level decrease, slow (beach case) or quick (artificial reef, dike). Two kind of comparisons are then considered:From the initial condition to the breaking point, the characteristics (celerity, crest height, free surface shape) of the wave simulated without the air-water effect are successfully compared with those of the wave simulated with a high order B. L. E. M method. After the breaking point, the air-water interaction throughout the interface is considered with respect to the real density ratio and good comparisons for the interface shape evolution until the splash-up phenomena with experiments conducted in the frame of this study achieve the validation of our method. The beginning of the run-up is although computed. High CPU time have motivated the development of a coupling algorithm with a B. I. E. M. . An application of the coupling to the solitary wave breaking on a sloping beach have shown a computational time divided by a ratio of seven. Moreover, these faster computations compare satisfactorily with experimental data on the wave height
Meguellati, Fatima. „Estimation par approximation de Laplace dans les modèles GLM Mixtes : application à la gravité corporelle maximale des accidents de la route“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10204/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a contribution to the construction of statistical methods for the evaluation (modeling and estimation) of some indices used to analyze the injury severity of road crashes. We focus on four points during the development of the adopted methodology: the random variables (or factors) selection, the construction of mixed logistic-Normal model, the parameters estimation by Laplace approximation and PQL (penalized quasi-likelihood) and the performance comparison of the estimation methods. In a first contribution, a logistic-Normal model is constructed with "collision type" as random variable to analyze the maximum injury severity observed in a sample of crashed vehicles. Estimation methods based on the Laplace approximation of the log-likelihood are proposed to estimate and analyze the contribution of variables in the model. We compare, by simulation, this Laplacian approximation to those based on the adaptation of Gauss-Hermite polynomials (AGH). We show that the two approaches are equivalent with respect to the accuracy of the estimate although AGH is superior. A second contribution is to adapt some algorithms of PQL family to estimate the parameters of a second model and compare its performance to Laplace and AGH methods in terms of bias. Two examples of simulated data illustrate the obtained results. In a third and dense contribution, we identify several mixed logistic-Normal models with more than one random effect. The convergence of the algorithms (Laplace, AGH, and PQL) and the precision of the estimates are investigated. Simulations as well as a database of detailed crash data are used to analyze the models performance to detect vehicles containing users with maximum injury severity. Programming oriented R accompany all results. The thesis concludes with perspectives on GLM Mixed models selection criteria and the extension of these models to the multinomial family
Trova, Audrey. „Gravité des systèmes verticalement homogènes : applications aux disques astrophysiques“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955555.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFiorot, Guilherme Henrique. „On unsteady open-channel flows : a contribution to nonstationary sediment transport in runoff flows and to unstable non-Newtonian mudflow studies“. Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0020/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis was motivated by the need to better understand time-dependent features related to mudflow evolution on natural sloped channels. Basically, the research is focused on events that are confined in channels formed due to the topography. The rain, source of the liquid discharge, generates the runoff flow which is responsible for wetting the soil surface, promoting reduction of soil cohesiveness and erosion of small particles such as clay and sand. From this point, the sediment transport can increase as small water flows merge and form greater streams. The scenario keeps its evolution until i reaches high concentration of particles in the fluid mixture. In the first part, to study the non-permanent feature of sediment transport, an open-channel experiment was designed for simulating runoff flow over a mobile bed. A measurement system was designed and constructed to instantaneously inspect the solid discharge of particles and the flow friction at the bed. This apparatus is further used to explore the influence of free-surface waves on the sediment transport. Hydraulic properties of flows are qualitatively and quantitatively studied and data are used to correlate characteristics of flow and sediment transport. A set of experimental runs is presented and explored. Analysis of results shows that for fixed flow conditions, waves induce an overall smaller quantity of transported sediment. In a second part, the dynamics of high concentrated flows is addressed and this thesis attempts to appl a first-order roll-wave model for Herschel-Bulkley laminar fluid flow to a registered natural event. Results presented point out that roll waves could have occurred during this already published case-study event. Simulations could predict wave heights within 8% on uncertainty with respect to the mea amplitude of measured waves. Finally a new theoretical solution for the velocity profile is proposed taking into account the porosity of the bed. Results are then compared with numerical simulation performed in FLUENT. A parametric analysis is employed and the case-study is once again evaluated. A: general conclusion, the non-permanent phenomena that can appear during the evolution of a mudflow event affect the overall dynamics of the coupled system (hydraulic-sediment transport) in comparison to the steady and uniform case. Verifying that such phenomena could appear should indeed be an important part in hydraulic engineering projects, especially when dealing with lives, which is the case of mud flows
Pushparajalingam, Jegan Sutharsan. „Simulations expérimentale et numérique des phénomènes de ruissellement et d’atomisation lors d’une procédure de lavage à l’eau“. Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work has been realised within a CIFRE contract with TOTAL. Its aim was to validate all the physical models used in a computation, which simulates an annular dispersed flow through a pipe used in a water washing process in refinery plants. That is why, a whole set of data has been gathered using experimental boundary conditions which are representative to those used in industrial configurations. The geometry is made of a horizontal pipe with a centred nozzle followed by a 90º elbow in the vertical plane. Several experimental boundary conditions enable one to study the influence of the gas velocity, the type of the spray injection and the pressure on the different physical phenomena. These results including spray and liquid film visualisations, droplets distribution and size measurements as well as liquid film thickness and mass flow measurements were analysed in order to extract the main interaction mechanism between the gas and the dispersed phase, the gas and the liquid film, and the dispersed phase and the annular liquid film. Meanwhile, simulations using a RANS approach were realized with the ONERA code named CEDRE and its results were compared to the gathered measurements
Treffel, Loïc. „Dysfonctions vertébrales et posturales après simulations de la microgravité“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ111/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the study of back pain experienced by astronauts, who present with a greater incidence of herniated discs compared to a control population. Our research aims at understanding the physiopathology of this phenomenon and to study the clinical consequences of vertebral deconditioning which also contributes to postural disorders. This line of research has been recommended by the various international space agencies. For this reason, we had the opportunity to analyze data in two models simulating the effects of microgravity: dry immersion (n = 11) and head-down bed rest (n = 9), and a similar state, confinement (n = 4). Only the main results of dry immersion, a new method of studying our paradigm, are reported in this summary. Using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the vertebral column, it was possible to analyze the intervertebral disc in 3 dimensions and to objectify the increase in water content (+ 17%) and the increase in intervertebral disc volume (+ 9.5%). Variations in paravertebral and lower limb muscle tone were measured with the very recent, and non-invasive, MyotonPRO technology. A decrease in muscle tone (-7.3%) was found to be associated with muscular atrophy (-10.6%) as well as a loss of strength in the lower limbs. These results, attesting to muscle deconditioning, are consistent with postural impairment immediately after dry immersion. We also studied variations in dental occlusion, which is involved with the maintenance of posture and could affect balance. In summary, two elements are involved in the explanation of vertebral dysfunction: the increase in spine height, related to increased intervertebral discs volume and paravertebral muscles atrophy, which plays a major role in posture. However, we also showed a role of dental occlusion in vertebral and postural deconditioning. In conclusion: muscle tone, good vertebral mobility, and dental occlusion are elements to be preserve during and after an exposure to weightlessness to avoid the deleterious effects of deconditioning