Dissertationen zum Thema „Comportement hydromécanique; Comportement hydromécanique“
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Muñoz-Castelblanco, José. „Comportement hydromécanique d'un loess naturel“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00647891.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCUISINIER, Olivier. „COMPORTEMENT HYDROMÉCANIQUE DES SOLS GONFLANTS COMPACTÉS“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004524.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePour atteindre cet objectif, deux types d'œdomètre à succion contrôlée, soit par la méthode osmotique, soit par la technique des solutions salines saturées, ont été utilisés, les œdomètres à solutions salines ayant entièrement été développés pour ce travail.
Le support de l'étude est un matériau gonflant compacté. Les essais réalisés montrent en premier lieu que la pression de préconsolidation apparente atteint une valeur constante à partir de 38,5 MPa, dans le domaine des fortes succions. Par contre, la pente de compression plastique varie de manière non monotone en fonction de la succion appliquée. La variation de ces deux paramètres apparaît fortement liée à la structure initiale des éprouvettes. Par la suite, l'influence des sollicitations hydriques complexes a été étudiée, ce qui a permis de montrer que les résultats d'un essai sur un sol gonflant dépendent du chemin de contrainte hydrique même lorsqu'une humidification est réalisée en cours d'essai. L'interprétation de ces résultats dans le cadre des modèles de Barcelone a ensuite été proposée afin d'évaluer les possibilités de chacun des deux modèles existants. Le modèle de Barcelone pour sols gonflants nécessite, en outre, la réalisation d'essais comportant des cycles hydriques et au moins un essai à volume constant et à succion contrôlée.
En conclusion, ce travail a permis la mise en œuvre, le développement et la validation de deux dispositifs expérimentaux à succion contrôlée. Ceci a rendu possible la caractérisation du comportement hydromécanique d'un sol gonflant compacté en fonction de différentes sollicitations hydriques.
Cuisinier, Olivier. „Comportement hydromécanique des sols gonflants compactés“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004524.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of compacted soils in engineering practice is very wide spread, especially in geotechnical and environmental engineering. These soils can be submitted to moisture variations, i. E. Suction changes, that induce volumetric deformations. The main objective of this thesis is to study the suction influence on the hydromechanical behaviour of a compacted swelling soil in the range of suction comprised between 0 and 300 MPa. For this purpose, two kinds of suction controlled oedometers, using the osmotic method or the salt solutions technique, were employed. The salt solutions oedometer were especially developed for this study. The samples were made with a compacted swelling material. The experimental study has shawn that the apparent preconsolidation stress reaches a constant value above a suction of 38. 9 MPa. The slope of the plastic compression curve had a maximum value under a suction of 4 MPa. These results seem to be related to the initial internal structure of the samples. Then the influence of complex hydromechanical stress paths was also investigated. It appeared that the results of the tests conducted on a swelling soil depended on the followed stress path even if a wetting is performed during a test. In the last part of this work, the test results were interpreted with the Barcelona Basic Model and Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM). The possibilities of bath models were compared. To interpret the test results with the BExM, it is necessary to conduct sorne additional tests that include a suction cycle and also a constant volume test with a suction controlled wetting. As a conclusion, two suction controlled experimental deviees were developed and validated in this study. With these deviees, the influence of structure and suction on the hydromechanical behaviour of a compacted swelling soils was characterised
Ho, Xuan Nam. „Comportement hydromécanique des matériaux granulaires compactés non saturés“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGranular materials are often used in low traffic pavement structures, with unbound granular base and sub-base layers. The load due to traffic is one of the principal damage modes for these pavements. The main design criteria for these pavements are a rutting criterion for the subgrade, a fatigue criterion for the asphalt layer. The variation of the unsaturated state and the clay content in granular materials have a significant influence on their mechanical behavior. In addition, the hysteresis phenomenon produced by the environmental conditions, including water conditions also has a very important influence on the rigidity of the unbound material. Whereas, the French design method is based on linear elastic calculations. It does not take into account theinfluence of clay content of pavement materials and the influence of the hysteresis phenomenon. Then, the objective of this thesis is to study the unsaturated state, the clay content and the hysteresis phenomenon on mechanical behavior of unbound granular materials for roads subjected to traffic loading. A series of tests for different water contents on both wetting and drying paths have been carried out with matrix suction measurements, shear tests and repeated load triaxial tests for the resilient behavior. Finally, the experimental results were simulated using the nonlinear elastic model (modified Boyce model) generally used for the resilient behavior of granular soils. These models are implemented in the finite element code and calculations have been performed with CAST3M to determine the deflection of full scale pavements at different environmental conditions
Saba, Simona. „Comportement hydromécanique différé des barrières ouvragées argileuses gonflantes“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00985466.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFénart, Pascal. „Caractérisation du comportement hydromécanique des massifs rocheux fissurés“. Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20196.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMehenni, Abdelwadoud. „Comportement hydromécanique et érosion des sols fins traités“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0299/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe current evolution of the social and economic context requires from the different actors of the public works sector to adapt their practices to the challenges of sustainable development. In the field of earthworks, companies must offer technical solutions to reuse the materials located in the vicinity of the projects in order to limit the borrowing materials and unused soils deposits. Soil treatment may allow the reuse of these materials. This study was focused on four treatment products (kaolinite, bentonite, lime and cement) as well as their effects on the hydro-mechanical behavior and internal erosion resistance of a fine silt. An enhanced HET device was designed in the framework of this study to determine the internal erosion characteristics of treated soils especially with lime and cement. Beyond the characterization of treatment effects on short-term hydro-mechanical behavior of soils, the work of this study extends to the durability of treatment and the evolution of long-term hydro-mechanical behavior of treated soils subjected to drying-wetting cycles. This study of sustainability was carried out through a multi-scale approach based on laboratory study data on soil samples and field investigations on hydraulic structures made of treated soil. The study showed that hydraulic conditions variations can decrease the performance of treated soils. These degradations result on an increase in hydraulic conductivity, a decrease of the mechanical strength and also a reduction in the critical shear stress which expresses a decrease of the internal erosion resistance. The kinetic of performance loss depends to the nature of the treatment product and percentage used as well as the exposure level, the number and amplitude of the hydraulic variations. However, the field study showed that it is possible to reduce the kinetic degradation of the soil performance through an appropriate construction design
Trinh, Viet Nam. „Comportement hydromécanique de matériaux constitutifs de plateformes ferroviaires anciennes“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00647893.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMrad, Mohamad. „Modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des sols gonflants non saturés“. Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011442.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'équipe de Barcelone a développé un code de calcul aux éléments finis (Code_Bright) pour l'analyse des problèmes couplés (THM) dans des géomatériaux, avec l'intégration du modèle élastoplastique (BBM) pour les sols non saturés non gonflants. Ce modèle est capable de décrire correctement le comportement hydromécanique des sols non saturés mais ne tient pas compte de quelques aspects particuliers observés sur des sols gonflants. Un deuxième modèle (BExM) a été alors proposé pour prendre en considération ces aspects.
L'objectif principal du travail présenté ici est : (i) d'implanter le modèle élastoplastique BExM pour les sols gonflants non saturés dans le code de calcul aux éléments finis Code_Bright ; (ii) de valider le modèle numérique à partir d'essais réalisés au laboratoire sur des sols gonflants ; et (iii) d'appliquer ce modèle aux simulations des problèmes pratiques. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une nouvelle famille de procédures numériques adaptées au modèle BExM a été introduite dans le code. L'équation de la fonction de charge de ce modèle pour un état donné de contrainte déviatorique a été déterminée de manière à faciliter les calculs de ses dérivées. La validation numérique du modèle a été vérifiée par des simulations numériques d'essais œdométriques à succion contrôlée, réalisées sur trois sols gonflants différents. Les résultats des simulations numériques de ces essais ont montré les aptitudes du modèle numérique implanté à reproduire correctement les résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, le modèle a été appliqué à deux problèmes pratiques : le stockage de déchets radioactifs dans les couches géologiques profondes et l'effet du retrait-gonflement du sol sur une fondation superficielle. Les résultats obtenus ont montré la capacité du modèle implanté à modéliser des problèmes couplés hydromécaniques.
Ouffroukh, Hichem. „Comportement hydromécanique d'une roche granulaire et localisation des déformations“. Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001354.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChaouch, Youssef. „Contribution à l'étude du comportement hydromécanique des sols gonflants“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/215121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuffroukh, Hichem. „Comportement hydromécanique d'une roche granulaire et localisations des déformations“. Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENPC0039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarcial, Duilio. „Comportement hydromécanique et microstructural des matériaux de barrière ouvragée“. Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENPCA028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRahmani, Iraj. „Comportement hydromécanique des joints rocheux : expérimentations et modélisation constitutive“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10276.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMany applications in civil engineering involving fractured rock masses require precise feasibility studies. These rock masses can exhibit fracturing ofvarious scales. They can contain on the one hand microscopic fractures induced by the disturbance of the stress field due to the construction work, and on the other hand natural fractures of several meters or more. Our aim is to provide additional new information on the hydromechanical behavior of the natural rock joints and on the constitutive modeling of their hydromechanical behavior. The experimental study consisted of a series of hydromechanical simple compression tests with the BCR-3D machine of laboratory 3S in Grenoble We have presented an original constitutive hydromechanical model, which can be an effective mean to model the hydromechanical behavior of the rock joints in compression and shear loading, at the meso-scale, without taking into account the scale effect. The direct Shear Box for Rocks with 3 Dimensions, called BCR3D, was used for the realization of our mechanical and hydromechanica tests on interfaces between geomaterials. This direct shear box has a hydraulic injection system that allows the hydraulic behavior of the rock joints to be studied and also the measurement of hydraulil anisotropy ofthe flows. Using the modified Divoux model and the approach of Darcy in incrementa form, we developed an original hydromechanical nonlinear incremental model. We have presentee the formulation of hydraulic transmissivity of the rock joints corresponding to two paths: first of al1 evolution ofhydraulic transmissivity as function ofto the normal stress (and normal specifie energy) and then changes of hydraulic transmissivity relating to the shearing path (and tangential specifil energy). The performance of the model is discussed through the comparison between experimenta results and constitutive modelling. The hydromechanical nonlinear incremental model (LHMIN) fo the interface makes it possible to evaluate either the flow, or the hydraulic transmissivity as : function of the level of normal stress, normal energy, the level of shear stress and the energy 0 shearing imposed on the rock joint. We saw that it is possible to compare schematically bj simulation, the flow between various geomaterials with the flow through the mass of thesl geomaterials acting as a plug to a gallery, we presented the evolution of the hydraulic transmissivitJ in the event of shearing for four different values of shrinking of the sealing concrete. Ln this close-to reality case, the mechanical evolution for the interface of rock and concrete was calculated with thl computer code PLAXIS
Xie, Ni. „Modélisation couplée du comportement hydromécanique des roches poreuses quasi-fragiles“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study concerns a micromechanics-based modeling of poromechanical behaviors of quasi-brittle porous rocks. The general framework adopted is that of up-scaling technique combined with irreversible thermodynamics. We first determine the effective property of quasi brittle rocks weakened by microcracks via the rigorous Eshelby-based homogenization method. The frictional sliding along surfaces of closed microcracks is interpreted as an irreversible dissipation process and responsible for the induced damage. An elastoplastic damage model is formulated with the inelastic strain inherently coupled with damage evolution. A Coulomb-type friction criterion serving as plastic yielding function and a strain energy release rate based damage criterion are proposed. The second part aims at extending the micromechanical modeling to poromechanical behavior of saturated porous rocks. The influence of fluid pressure is taken into account in the friction criterion through the concept of local effective stress. It is also manifested that the frictional sliding between crack surfaces generates volumetric dilatancy and causes reduction in fluid pressure. Applications of the proposed model to typical brittle rocks are presented and compared with experimental data in both drained and undrained triaxial tests. The last part of this dissertation deals with the hydromechanical modeling of single fracture subject to normal stress. Both experimental studies and theoretical modeling are carried out. The generalized Biot coefficient, in the form of a function of the fracture displacement, is introduced to describe the coupled behavior between fracture deformation and pore fluid pressure
Chen, Da. „Modélisation du comportement hydromécanique d'un mortier sous compression et dessiccation“. Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-276.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenjelloun, Zahar Hassan. „Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des joints rocheux“. Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10092.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKadiri, Imad. „Modélisation hydromécanique des milieux fracturés“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL066N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEslami, Hossein. „Comportement thermo-hydromécanique des sols au voisinage des géo-structures énergétiques“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0263/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnergy geostructures involve providing a direct heat exchange with the ground through integrated systems in the foundations or geotechnical structures. The incorporation of heat exchangers in geostructures produces a cyclic variation of the temperature in the adjacent soil. Therefore, there are important scientific questions about the effect of temperature variations on hydro-mechanical soil parameters in general, and particularly for sensitive clay soils. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding and the quantification of the impact of temperature variation on the bearing capacity of geothermal piles. Currently, the design of the bearing capacity of deep foundations is based on the results of in situ penetrometer and pressuremeter tests. Herein, experimental methods are developed to carry out these tests in laboratory conditions. Mini-penetrometer tests were carried out on samples compacted at different initial states and subjected to temperature variations ranging from 1 to 70 °C. The results showed a significant change in the studied parameters: the cone resistance (qc) and the friction sleeve resistance (fs) for an illitic material compacted on the dry side of the compaction curve. Mini-pressuremeter tests performed on the same illitic compacted soil in a thermo-regulated metric scale container, showed a decrease in creep pressure (pf) and limit pressure (pl) with increasing temperature, while the variation of pressuremeter modulus (EM) is less pronounced. The results showed a quasi-reversibility of the effect of a heating cycle through the temperature range tested, while the effect of a cooling cycle was only partially reversible. In the case of several thermal cycles, the first cycle induced more important parameter variations than the subsequent cycles, and at the end of the experimentation. Further analysis of the evolution of the thermal properties (thermal conductivity (λ), heat capacity (Cv) and thermal diffusivity (D)) within heating and cooling process as a function of soil water content and dry density showed an increase of these parameters with the increase of initial values of w and ρd, and an increase of λ in the dry side of the compaction curve with increasing temperature from 1 to 70 °C. In summary, for the energy piles driven in the clay soils, some modifications in the bearing capacity have to be taken into account due to the variation of the hydro-mechanical parameters of the soil induced by thermal cycles
Escoffier, Sandra. „Caractérisation expérimentale du comportement hydromécanique des argilites de Meuse/Haute-Marne“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL018N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlassart, Roland. „Modélisation hydromécanique du comportement des ouvrages souterrains avec un modèle élastoviscoplastique“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL050N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe long term behaviour of underground excavations is a social and economic stake, in particular in the context of storage in deep geological formation of high activity and long life nuclear waste. Several experimental galleries have been dug in the underground research laboratory (URL) of Meuse/Haute-Marne located close to Bure in France, where studies are leaded in order to understand the global behaviour of the constitutive rock which is the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite.The purpose of this PhD Thesis is to establish a modelling with Code_Aster of underground excavations, and especially of a Meuse/Haute-Marne laboratory gallery, taking into account non local approach, creep effect and hydromechanical coupling in the framework of the mechanics of porous media, and then to compare numerical results with available experimental data.The specific elastoviscoplastic model used in this study is the L&K model: it offers a coupling between instantaneous and delayed behaviour, and it takes into account the dilation, parameter which governs the volume strains of the material during a solicitation, and its strong variation, a specificity of geomaterials and so of COx argillite. The fluid flowing through the material adds a hydraulic component to the modelling, which is coupled to mechanic component thanks to Biot’s equations.Another novelty of this work concerns the coupling between such complex rheological behaviour and a non local approach in an industrial way. Among methods of regularization available in Code_Aster, the second gradient of dilation is well fitted to geomaterials. Its aim is to correct mesh dependency and numerical localized solutions.After describing numeric tools and setting parameters of the L&K model on laboratory tests, a good general agreement was found between numeric results and in situ measures, without resetting parameters. Time effects experimentally measured on displacement and pore pressure evolution are observed in the same modelling, validating the followed predictive approach
Chen, Liang. „Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des géomatériaux semi-fragiles“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10144/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is devoted to the constitutive modelling of hydromechanical behaviours of semi-brittle geomaterials. In the first part, the attention is mainly paid on the hydromechanical behaviours of initially isotropic materials, especially on the influence of desiccation process on the mechanical responses. An elastoplastic damage model is proposed in unsaturated condition, a generalized effective stress concept is used for poroplastic coupling. Damage by microcracks is coupled with plastic deformation. In the second part, two coupled elastoplastic damage models are proposed for the description of strongly anisotropic sedimentary materials. In the first model, in order to describe the inherent anisotropy of the material, a scalar anisotropy parameter is introduced using the concept of fabric tensor. In purpose of studying the coupling phenomenon between the inherent and induced anisotropies during the loading process, a model based on the discrete approach is constructed in the following. In the framework of plastic discrete approach, the macroscopic plastic deformation and material degradation are considered as the result of frictional sliding along weakness planes distributed randomly in the material. In the last chapter, the proposed discrete model is extended to poroelastoplastic modelling. Based on a series of numerical simulation, an analysis of hydromechanical behaviour of anisotropic materials is realised
Hu, Dawei. „Contribution à l’étude du comportement mécanique et hydromécanique d’une roche endommagée“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10150/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the laboratory and numerical investigations on anisotropic mechanical, poromechanical and fluid transport behavior of sandstone. After the X-ray and SEM tests, the samples were stressed under triaxial loading to study the initial and stress-induced mechanical behavior. The evolution of anisotropic Biot’s coefficients and axial permeability are also investigated and related to mechanical behavior. A plastic damage model is presented based on discrete approach. The proposed model is applied to simulate the mechanical behavior of dry sandstone under different loading conditions, the evolution and distribution of damage variable and plastic hardening variable are also discussed. Furthermore, the proposed model is applied to simulate the previous experimental results (including mechanical behavior, Biot's coefficients and permeability) of saturated sandstones. The comparisons between the numerical result and test data show a good performance of the present model. Finally, an anisotropic poroplastic damage model is developed to describe the poromechanical behavior of saturated sandstone. The comparisons between numerical simulation and experimental data is given for the triaxial compression tests under drained and undrained condition, the tests of strain response to pore pressure increment is also simulated, a good accordance is obtained
Yang, He. „Comportement hydromécanique des bétons sous pressions de confinement faible et élevé“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10161/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this thesis is to characterize the mechanical and hydromechanical behavior of concrete and to develop a coupled hydromechanical model for concrete submitted a wide range of confining pressure under the saturated and partially saturated conditions.First of all, an experimental study was carried out in order to research the mechanical and hydromechanical behaviors of the material. Particular emphasis is placed on the evolution of permeability during mechanical loading. To ensure the integrity of concrete structures and avoid the privileged paths for fluid transfer, another series of tests were carried out in order to study the mechanical and hydromechanical behavior of fracture in concrete. Based on the obtained experimental data and the others research results of the concrete behavior under a large range of confining pressure, an elastoplastical model coupled with damage is proposed. This model is able to describe the main mechanical behavior of concrete under a wide range of confining pressure: the different mechanisms of developed plastics, the asymmetry of damage in compression and in tension, and the evolution of permeability during mechanical loading. .... The model was extended to the poromechanical coupling for the porous media partially saturated by using the concept of Barcelona. Finally, a poromechanical model is proposed to describe the behavior of fractures in saturated conditions. The numerical results manifested a good agreement with experimental data
Nguyen, Dang Hanh. „Etude du comportement hydromécanique des bétons drinants à base de coproduits coquilliers“. Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe elimination of seashell by-products is an important issue for coastal regions of France. Among many possibilities, valorization of these wastes as aggregates for concrete is a solution that deserves to be evaluated. This study focuses on the behavior of pervious concrete based seashell by-products (slipper limpets, scallops and queen scallops). A partial substitution (20, 40 and 60% by mass) of natural gravel was carried. The results show unequivocally that the presence of these crushed shells is detrimental for mechanical and hydraulic behaviors and durability of concrete and the strength decreases with the increasing substitution rate and with the order of nature shells: slipper limpets, scallops then queen scallops. The experimental results showed that the seashells by-products can be used to design pervious concrete that meet the criteria of mechanical strength and water permeability. The incorporation of seashell by-products in pervious concrete is a solution to managing waste shells produced by fishing and shellfish farming industries and a contribution to environmental protection
Bart, Marjorie. „Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des massifs rocheux avec fractures“. Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-67.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUn modele poromecanique est alors propose en considerant la fracture comme un ensemble de vides entre deux surfaces rugueuses, la performance du modele est discutee a travers la comparaison entre des resultats experimentaux et les simulations numeriques. Le modele est implante dans un code de calculs par elements finis : un element joint specifique est utilise pour decrire les echanges entre la matrice rocheuse et la fracture, quelques exemples numeriques sont presentes. Pour la matrice rocheuse, la plupart des modeles concernent les materiaux fragiles secs, peu de travaux sont consacres a la modelisation du comportement de la matrice rocheuse saturee microfissuree. Un modele poroelastique d'endommagement est alors propose. L'accent est mis sur la description des consequences principales de l'endommagement sur les proprietes poroelastiques du materiau poreux fragile. Ce modele est teste a travers la comparaison entre des resultats experimentaux et les simulations numeriques
Clouet, Boris. „Comportement hydromécanique d'assemblages bois collés à l'état vert : approches expérimentale et numérique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of new adhesives during the last decades has implied radically changes in the sawmill industry. The gluing of unseasonned wood, called green gluing, allows a new order in the process of engineered wood products, thanks to the final position of the drying step. Nevertheless, the jointing prevents the free shrinkage of wood during the mass transfer, involving a stress development. Nowadays, numerous drying models have been developed to predict the deformations and stresses of wood, but few have been confirmed by experimental tests. For an organic material such as wood, the measurement of hygromechanical properties will be more efficient if there is no interaction between the material and the measurement system. One of the most promising experimental techniques for this kind of issue is noncontact optical measurement based on Digital Image Correlation principles. The objective of this study is to evaluate by experimental and numerical solutions the stress development in green-glued wood laminated timber subjected to drying conditions. An experimental method has been set up and the results allow to validate a numerical finite elements model. The model which has been chosen is an orthotropic elastic model, able to describe the morphology of the wood material. This study allows to identify the parameters governing the damage of the interface. This approach leads to suggest some preconizationsin order to optimize the behavior of product during the drying procedure
Dang, Hong Lam. „Modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des réservoirs fracturés à double porosité et double perméabilité“. Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFractured rock masses modeling is a challenge issue in many field of industry including but not limited to oiland gas exploitation. In the literature, fractured rock masse are in many cases recognized as double permeability medium in which fracture network provides the primary permeability and rock matrix plays asthe second one. The idea of dissociation of flow inside the fracture network and the matrix, the double permeability, is still challenged for fractured reservoirs. Numerous contributions on this issue have been presented in the past could be cast in two main approaches: continuum media approach and discontinuous approach. Each approach has its advantages and limitations. To overcome the limitation and to take advantage of these two approaches, the Embedded Fractured Continuum Approach (EFCA) which borrows the concept of continuum models and also incorporates the effect of explicit fractures is considered in this thesis. The principal idea of this approach lies on the concept of fracture cell representing a porous medium that has their own properties calculated from the properties of porous matrix and fractures intersecting it.The development in this work was conducted by using the library source code DEAL.II. The accuracy of EFCA was investigated through different verifications. Through some applications: determination of effective hydro-mechanical properties of an actual site, estimation of well production in which necessary fractures are modeled explicitly, we demonstrate the performance of the EFCA in the modeling fracture drock masses as well as the effect of double porosity and double permeability on behaviours of fractured reservoirs
Guillon, Théophile. „Comportement hydromécanique des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien lors de cycles de désaturation-resaturation“. Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL101N/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Callovo-Oxfordian claystones’ properties make them reliable as a geological barrier for the confinement of radioactive wastes. In order to optimally predict their behavior, how they respond to various short and long terms loadings has to be studied. Particularly during the exploitation phase, air is continuously ventilated throughout the galleries. The climatic properties of this air are not balanced with those of the rock, and may perturb its hydromechanical (HM) attributes. Thus, assessing the HM response of the rock under hydric loading seems to be a priority.This dissertation begins with laboratory tests to propose an appropriate physical model. Drying tests were studied as they focus on the HM response of samples undergoing hydric loadings. A first 2D isotropic model is proposed, and then enhanced to 3D by considering a transversely isotropic Young modulus. Secondly, experimental results provide relevant data to estimate poroelastic and transport parameters involved in the model. Estimation is achieved according to an inverse procedure, which minimizes the error between measurements and model predictions. Finally, a real-size test is simulated using 2D models: an isotropic plastic one and a transversely isotropic elastic one.Model predictions reproduce well the laboratory tests data. When simulating the in situ behavior, a rather good agreement is obtained between the numerical and experimental results (although using the parameters estimated at the laboratory scale). However, the model highlights a limited influence of plasticity in the laboratory tests, while dissipative phenomena obviously occur in situ. 3D laboratory simulations do not improve the precision of 2D results, but reproduce more experimental data (mass variations, axial and lateral strains). Moreover, the inversion process is more efficient when ran over various kinds of data. Furthermore, stability of the algorithm is improved when adopting a two-phase convergence (simplex, followed by a gradient-like method). Numerical estimates of the parameters are in agreement with the direct experimental measurements obtained through other tests
Li, Kai. „Modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des sols gonflants basée sur la théorie de l'état limite“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClayey materials are often subjected to the complex suction/stress paths, causing many problems in both surface structures and buried structures built on them. In this context, it is important to study the hydromechanical behavior of these materials in order to better control their use in civil engineering. The complex hydromechanical behavior of clay materials is basically connected to their fabric which has been the main subject of several studies on the micro- and macrostructure of soils. These studies have led to the development of elastoplastic models for expansive soils. The existed models are able to simulate the basic behavior of unsaturated expansive soil, but present a large number of model parameters, leading to a time-consuming calculation. Therefore, we propose a simplified method to model the hydromechanical behavior of expansive soils based on shakedown concept. This model is first validated by the experimental results of cyclic suction-controlled oedometer tests. Then, it is implemented in a finite element code (CAST3M) to simulate the in-situ behavior of expansive soils. Finally, the application of shakedown theory to heavily dense expansive soils is carried out by considering a combined hardening plasticity
Lin, Jifang. „Étude du comportement hydromécanique d'une fracture rocheuse sous contrainte normale : développement d'un modèle numérique“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL039N.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLonguemare, Pascal. „Couplage hydromécanique pour des lois de comportement non linéaires : application à des problèmes pétroliers“. Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-424.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHans, Julien. „Etude expérimentale et modélisation numérique multiéchelle du comportement hydromécanique de répliques de joints rocheux“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Sung Lam. „Modélisation hydromécanique du bois : application au sapin blanc du Massif Central“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22717/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns 3D modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior of wood in general and the silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in particular with taking account of the couplings between the effects: orthotropie, hydric, elastic, viscoelastic and mechano-sorptive including hydro-lock effect that is a temporary locking of the mechanical strain during a period of drying under stress. This memory is divided into three parts divided into seven chapters. The first part examines the background and the problem of hydro-mechanical behavior of wood. The aspects go from the structure, hygroscopic phenomenon and the effect of swelling/shrinkage, to various aspects of the hydro-mechanical behavior of wood under constant or variable moisture as orthotropie, viscoelasticity and mechano-sorptive effects that is the interaction complex between mechanical loading and moisture variations. The bases for modeling are presented in the second chapter, such as incremental formulation on finite time step to model the 3D orthotropic viscoelastic behavior and interesting mechano-sorptive models of literature. From this literature review, we propose a way to model in this work mechano-sorptive effect as the sum of three elementary effects: irrecoverable mechanosorptive, mechano-sorptive creep and hydro-lock effect. The first and the second effects are modeled by existing models while modeling hygroverrou effect is an original subject in this work. The second part, divided into two chapters, is dedicated to building the 3D model of behavior. The first chapter presents the mathematical developments for the development of an analytical model. This model is based on the assumption partition of the total strain by a sum of six elementary strains: hydric, instant elastic, viscoelastic pure, hydro-lock, irrecoverable mechano-sorptive and mechano-sorptive creep. Variations of these elementary strains are established separately. In particular, the evolution law of the hydro-lock strain constructed on the basis of experimental observations is different in phase of drying and moistening. An auxiliary stress introduced in accordance with thermodynamic principles, solves the problem of recovering the hydro-lock strain in the moistening phase in case with zero or little stress. In parallel, a new rheological model is proposed to model the viscoelastic behavior at variable humidity. This model, equivalent to a generalized Maxwell model and / or a generalized Kelvin-Voigt model, is able to describe the creep as well as relaxation. The second chapter of this part is devoted to the transformation of the analytical model in an incremental form on finite time step. The contribution of each elementary part is established by exact resolutionfrom differential equations or Boltzmann’s integrals. The sum of elementary forms thus obtained leads to the complete model behavior law which is similar to that of an equivalent thermo-elastic behavior. Because of the integration process, the time step calculation is finished but not necessarily small. This property is very important because it significantly reduces the computation time while maintaining very good accuracy. The last part is divided into three chapters. It presents numerical implementation of hydro- mechanical model using the finite element code Cast3m, followed by validation and applications to various classes of problems. The numerical algorithm is organized into independent modules. Elementary procedures are built to perform specific functions; they are called in a specific order by the main program. Model validation is made by comparison between simulated results and experimental data available in tension and bending. The last chapter of the thesis presents applications of solid wood reconstituted silver fir. They show the ability of the model to predict the states of stress and strain in timber structures under mechanical loading and variable humidity
Razakamanantsoa, Andry Rico. „Etudes du comportement hydromécanique, chimique et de la durabilité des géomatériaux d'étanchéité mélangés avec des polymères“. Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0120/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle[Passive barrier for landfill liners are designed with bentonite material as Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL's) or Sand Bentonite Mixtures (SBM). This thesis is focused on the experimental study of the long term Chemo-Hydro-Mechanic behaviour of polymer treated geomaterials. Tests are performed with two powder polyelectrolyte polymers (P1, P2). Soil and one selected type of bentonite from a set of six are used. The corresponding testing fluid is composed with : synthetized leachate, CaCl2 and NaCl. This first step of the study is to select the suitable bentonite (B) and the corresponding polymer concentration (2%) that gives the best swelling ability to the bentonite. Compatibility test of the bentonite polymer mixture with synthetized leachable is done. Tests are performed by fabricating GL's, with filter press and oedopermeameter. Results show that hydraulic performance grows with the bentonite concentration. And the LS aggressiveness occurs immediately in a case of bentonite. The effects of polymer treatment are different : P1 increases the swelling ability of bentonite by flocculation, P2 increases the hydraulic performance of the bentonite by dispersion. The long term hydraulic performance tests with SBM are carried out with a rigid wall permeameter. Tests results show that prehydration delays only the fluid aggressiveness in spide of reducing the corresponding effects. The long term effect of polymer treatment reveals benefits to geomaterial behaviour by increasing water retention and reducing the undesired effects of pollutant. The chemical index is proposed to forecast the geomaterial degradation]
Walbert, Charlotte. „Endommagement par le gel de pierres calcaires utilisées dans le patrimoine bâti : étude du comportement hydromécanique“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0779/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuilding materials of historical monuments, such as natural stone, are subject to aggressive environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature or humidity, rain, or air pollutants. This can cause changes in the structure of materials. These variations can lead to high mechanical stress resulting in significant and diverse macroscopic alterations as cracks, flaking or granular disintegration.The stone is a heterogeneous porous material, the knowledge of the microstructure, the mineralogical and physical characterizations are essential to understanding the hydro-mechanical behavior of the material during degradation. Among the different environmental conditions of alteration responsible in building materials, we are interested in freeze-thaw cycle of different types of limestone. The objective of this research is to correlate the microstructural and mineralogical properties of fresh limestone and their evolution, to their mechanical properties in cracking under freeze-thaw cycles. Five limestones of varying microstructure and mechanical properties were selected for this study: Massangis, Lens, Migné, Savonnières and Saint-Maximin stones.The evolution of the degradation of limestone is followed during accelerated aging by measuring the following properties: P-wave velocity, dynamic and static Young's modulus, resistance to uniaxial compression, toughness, total porosity and distribution of pore size access. The thermo-mechanical behavior of rocks is also studied by measurements of deformation and temperature (at surface and at center of the sample) during the freeze-thaw cycles.This research has shown that the evolution of the microstructure of weathered stones and their intrinsic mechanical properties such as toughness, determining parameter in the initiation and propagation of cracks are related. Indeed, stones resistance to stresses caused by freeze-thaw cycles depends as much on their initial mechanical performance as their porosity, especially from their pores naturally accessible to water immersion and their degrees of natural saturation
Nguyen, Van-Linh. „Modélisation numérique du comportement hydromécanique des milieux poreux fracturés : analyse des conditions de propagation des fractures“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1165/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlobal warming effect related to CO2 emission has led to sequestration projects of this gas in reservoir formations. These formations can be crossed by faults and safety issue of storage requires the study of fault reactivation and propagation risk. This study goes through in-depth investigations of fracture propagation conditions under hydromechanical solicitations. This thesis aims at theoretical and numerical studies of these conditions and the numerical simulation of fracture propagation. Numerical modelling of thermo-hydro-mechanical processes in fractured porous media using Finite Element Method (FEM) allows the simulation of complex and nonlinear phenomena. Difficulties in integrating fluid mass exchange between fracture and surrounding matrix in the equations with FEM have been solved in recent works and our numerical simulations have been based on this progress. In a first step, we modelled transient flow subjected to a fluid injection and we studied the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) at fracture tip in the framework of linear poroelasticity theory. If injection conditions are kept constant and the fracture does not evolve, the flow tends to a steady state. The SIF develops during transient phase to reach a limit value in the steady state. Modelling of transient flow is very time consuming and it is interesting to find a method to exploit the results of a calculation in steady state. Theoretical analysis and results of numerical simulations show that the SIF calculated at steady state can provide some bounds for fracture propagation under transient flow. In the framework of linear poroelasticity and Poiseuille flow in fractures, some semi-analytical expressions of SIF at steady state could be derived. For simple geometries, these approximate formulations are efficient to discuss fracture propagation conditions for typical and simple cases of fracture geometry and fluid injection conditions. In a second step, a Cohesive Zone/Fracture Model (CFM) was used to model fracture propagation on the basis of damage. This model, based on a modified Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, simulates interface damage under both mode I and II loads. An equivalence relation between parameters of CFM and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics model (LEFM) was established on the basis of fracture propagation length under similar loads. This relationship allows the extension of theoretical equivalence between LEFM and CFM established for brittle materials and on the basis of energy criteria, for quasi-brittle and ductile materials. It has also shown that CFM can simulate specific phenomena such as propagation instabilities for mode I and II and fracture kinking under mode II. Finally, taking into account the fluid pressure in the fracture permitted to obtain a CFM coupled with hydraulic processes which has been implemented in a numerical finite element code to study fracture propagation under hydromechanical solicitations. Numerical simulations were performed to study the risk of fault reactivation and propagation in the context of CO2 injection in Paris Basin reservoir formation
Davias, Frédéric. „Modélisation numérique d'écoulements en massif rocheux fracturé : contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des milieux fracturés“. Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10552.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGentier, Sylvie. „Morphologie et comportement hydromécanique d'une fracture naturelle dans un granite sous contrainte normale : étude expérimentale et théorique“. Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE2013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDautriat, Jérémie. „Comportement hydromécanique de roches réservoir sous contraintes : relations entre évolution de perméabilité et échelles des mécanismes d'endommagement“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/38/57/77/PDF/Manuscrit_These_Dautriat.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Understanding and the prevention of damage mechanisms, which have an impact on the kinetics of production and the rate of recovery, remain an outstanding issue in reservoir engineering. The aim of this study, based on the characterization of the hydromechanical behaviour of sandstone and carbonate rocks in 'reservoir conditions', is the identification of the local mechanisms responsible for changes in permeability measured macroscopically. The experimental work was performed with an original triaxial set-up, which allows measurements of the stress-induced permeability evolutions in the principal directions of the stress tensor. A first experimental campaign, consisting in hydrostatic and uniaxial compression tests, has been performed on Fontainebleau and Bentheim sandstones. In one hand, we showed that experimental end-effects might affect significantly the ‘classical' axial permeability measurements, and in the other hand, we have determined the impact of brittle failure on directional permeabilities. Compression experiments, following different stress-paths, were also carried out on a carbonate, the Estaillades limestone. In elastic deformation regime, the reduction of permeability was modelized by pore network simulations, based on 3D reconstructions of μ-tomography RX and a simplified representation of the pore space. While brittle fracture of carbonate samples induced slight permeability evolutions, at higher effective pressure, permeability drops can reach 90% to the initial values and are associated with mechanisms of pore collapse. The post-mortem analysis of deformed samples, coupled with digital image correlation methods, using both SEM and Optical acquisition devices, provide a better understanding of the role of the heterogeneities, identified at different scales, in the strain localization and their potential impacts on permeability changes at the sample scale
Olchitzky, Estelle. „Couplage hydromécanique et perméabilité d'une argile gonflante non saturée sous sollicitations hydriques et thermiques“. Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2002. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005692.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArairo, Wahib. „Influence des cycles hydriques de la dessiccation et de l’humidification sur le comportement hydromécanique des géomatériaux non saturés“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work focuses on the behaviour of porous triphasic media, particularly on unsaturated soils subjected to hydromechanical loading. A coupled elastoplastic constitutive model has been developed. This original model is formulated according to the following principles: (1) a constitutive law describing the behaviour of different phases (solid skeleton, liquid and gas). (2) coupling relationships between each phase. For the behaviour of the solid skeleton, a non associated elastoplastic constitutive law is adopted, with two loading surfaces: shear surface and compression cap surface. The hydric part is discribed using a formulation which allows to take into account the hysteresis effect. This model has been extended using a hydromechanical coupling relation between the air entry value and the porosity. Then the coupling is completed with the Bishop effective stress, using a new definition for the suction parameter χ. Using this formulation, the various phenomena present in the porous media behaviour under different loading can be reproduced. The developed model has been validated through a comparison with experimental data on different types of soil (sand, silt,…). This model is implemented in the french finite element code Cast3M. The analysis of specific problems, such as (1) the study of shallow foundation subjected to cyclic rain event, as well as (2) the study of slope stability, show the model capacity to reproduce the behaviour of unsaturated porous media
Jing, Peng. „Etude de l'effet des fines et de la teneur en eau sur le comportement hydromécanique des matériaux granulaires“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGranular materials are often used in low traffic pavement structures as unbound granular base and sub-base layers. The objective of this context is a better understanding of hydromechanical behaviour (deformation behaviour mainly) of the unsaturated granular materials under repeated loading taking into account the various coupled effects: water content and fine content. A series of RLTTs are conducted with the different remolded Missillac sand samples at different water contents and fine contents to characterize the permanent and resilient deformation behaviour. Besides, the soil water retention curves (SWRCs) are obtained by suction measurement. Then, based on the experimental results, the existing permanent and resilient deformation models are improved to accommodate to the changeable fine content and water content. In the end, the shakedown behaviour of Missillac sand is estimated with the effects of fine content and water content
Wahib, Arairo. „Influence des cycles hydriques de la dessiccation et de l'humidification sur le comportement hydromécanique des géomatériaux non saturés“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838855.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArairo, Wahib. „Influence des cycles hydriques de la dessiccation et de l'humidification sur le comportement hydromécanique des géomatériaux non saturés“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943471.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBannour, Hajer. „Evalution des transferts advectifs à travers les étanchéités composites géomenbranes-géosynthétiques bentonitiques des barrières de fonds d'installations de stockage de déchets“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU048/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGeomembrane (GM)-geosynthetic clay liner placed in bottom landfill barriers could be faced to advective transfers caused by the appearance of GM defects. Leachate could percolate naturally through the GCL; penetrate the soil and the ground water which could result in environmental damage. It's therefore important to understand leakage transfer mechanism though GM-GCL composite liners and quantify them in order to be aware, to master and to minimize advective transfer impact through the barrier to the environment. However, the GM is not accessible in bottom land fill liner which makes it harder to correctly estimate leakage through the composite liner. The present work used to evaluate advective transfer through GM-GCL composite liner via an experimental and numerical approach. This work used also to ameliorate the comprehension of leakage transfer mechanisms as a function of external solicitations compared to the literature. The purpose of this study was thus to properly identify advective transfer problem through composite liner by highlighting the main parameters affecting advective transfers through composite liners (confining stress, heterogeneity of the GCL composition, contact quality at the GM-GCL interface, chemical and physical alteration during its service life). Those parameters influence the whole barrier performances and material characteristics evolution were studied. Experimental program was dealing with acquiring water retention data of GCL by introducing state surface concept under the confining stress generated by the waste. It has been found that confining stress used to reduce GCL swelling facilities while hydrated and consequently lead to the decrease of the saturated hydraulic conductivity. This result emphasizes on landfill conception recommendations based on rapidly covering the GCL in in order to acquiring its watertightness capabilities. This experimental study was reinforced by a numerical computation study dealing with water transfer through composite liner due to a GM defect and a hydraulic head with considering the heterogeneity of the GCL. This numerical study highlighted new phenomena regulating flow rate through composite liners consisting of geotextile deaturation due to high suction performed by the bentonite as part of the GCL. Indeed, in addition to containing the bentonite and providing tensile shear stresses, the geotextile contribute to reduce the flow rate through composite liner thanks to its high hydraulic conductivity while desaturated. Interface transmissivity tests were also carried for different composite liners combinations. Measurements concluded that neither external solicitations resulting from chemical and physical alteration conducting to the increase of the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL nor the quality of the GM (in relation with its roughness, rigidity and thickness) significantly affect advective transfer through composite liners at the steady state. However an effect was highlighted during transient state. A synthetic approach was thus given to summarize composite liners transfers mechanism and anticipate environmental impact of its leakage. It was later confirmed that the bentonite swelling contributes also to flow rate reduction through composite liner regardless of the bentonite nature and granulometry. In addition, it has been concluded that the transient state within which flow rate reduction though has been observed must be taken into consideration to realistically predict flow rate leakage through composite liners
Chahal, Hadi. „Etude du comportement hydromécanique des sédiments pollués par les PCB en interaction avec les géomatériaux pour un stockage hors site“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961297.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMasri, Moustafa. „Étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique du comportement thermomécanique à haute température de l’argilite de Tournemire“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10079/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe proposed, in this work, an experimental and numerical study of mechanical behavior of shale rocks subjected to mechanical and thermal loads.In the petroleum industry, during the production of heavy oil with the technique of steam water injection at high temperature, the cap rocks are subjected to coupled thermal and hydro-mechanical solicitations. The challenge is to study the hydro-mechanical behavior of these materials subject to large variations in temperature in order to assess the mechanical stability of the reservoir. The experimental study includes the modifications in a triaxial cell in ordre to support a high temperature (250° C). These modifications are very important for hydrostatic, uniaxial and triaxial tests, all these tests are used to obtain an experimental data base characterizing the thermal effect on the mechanical behavior of shale rocks.The modeling framework is proposed at first to describe the mechanical behavior of shale rock in isotropic case. After a detailed analysis of experimental data obtained in the experimental section, a specific coupled elastoplastic-damage model has been developed to describe the mechanical behavior of these shale materials. The effect of temperature is taken into account and a comparison between numerical simulations and experimental data have shown the ability of the proposed model for the description of thermo mechanical coupling. To describe the behavior of anisotropic rocks, we have proposed an extension of the fabric tensor model to present the initial anisotropy of shale rock. This formulation is expressed in terms of invariant stress tensor coupled with loading orientation. Laboratory tests under different stress paths were modeled, the proposed model seems able to describe correctly the main mechanical responses of shale materials
Mouali, Lila. „Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement hydromécanique des sols résiduels tropicaux : application à la modélisation sismique d'un barrage en remblai aux Antilles“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0606.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of residual tropical soils for the construction of embankment dams is an important issue. Dams located in tropical regions are often subject to seismic risk. Most often, foundations with weak characteristics are purged and replaced with compacted soils. Thus, the seismic behavior of the dams located in these regions depend on the dynamic properties of the compacted residual soils. The evaluation of the seismic behavior of a dam is based on the capacity of the models to predict the evolution of the rigidity of the structure during the seismic stress. It is therefore important to have models allowing to predict the shear modulus at small strains, the reduction curve of the normalized shear modulus and the damping curve. The objectives of our research work are to contribute to the improvement of the knowledge of the cyclic mechanical behavior of compacted residual tropical soils and to propose models making it possible to predict their behavior. To answer these, an experimental study of the cyclic properties of soils sampled from the site of a dam under construction in the French West Indies was carried out using undrained cyclic triaxial test objectives and resonant column tests. It is thus shown that the existing equations in the literature are not adapted to our experimental results. Predictive equations for the determination of Gmax, G / Gmax and D are developed. On the basis of the results obtained, nonlinear dynamic numerical simulations were obtained at the scale of the sample and of the structure using the flac software
Boutonnier, Luc. „Comportement hydromécanique des sols fins proches de la saturation. Cas des ouvrages en terre : coefficient B, déformations instantanées et différées, retrait/gonflement“. Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnsaturated soils have been widety investigated since 1990. But few researches have focused on the transition between saturated and unsaturated states. A detailed analysis of the link between soil behaviour and degree of saturation has been carried out and an hydromecanical model has been built for fine soilnear saturation (occluded air bubbles). The original assumption in this modeI is to consider that air is advected by water. The modet has been used successfully to forecast the pore pressure in soft: soil under CUbzac-les-Pont test embankment D and the pore pressure construction in dams. Finally, a new methodology is presented to calQllate the modeI parameters from standard oedometric test. The versatility of the model is iIIustrated by simulating instantaneous settlernent, detayed settlement, swetling and shrinking cydes