Dissertationen zum Thema „Comportement de détérioration“
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Hu, Bing. „Comportement hygrothermique des composites à matrice organique : mesures et analyse statistique“. Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBoulouz, M'barka. „Comportement d'un polymère vieilli sous l'action d'un champ électrique, en présence d'une solution aqueuse“. Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAuvray, Christophe. „Vieillissement et comportement rhéologique du gypse“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_AUVRAY_C.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe underground gypsum mines could show multiple types of instabilities which have major consequences in the surface and in depth. The demonstrations of these disorders are expansions of pillars, ascents of walls, the forming of subsidence. Generally, the old exploited districts are more degraded than the recent ones. To determine the identity, the source and the intensity of gypsum aging, scanning electron microscope observations were conducted on samples located in zones mined during different time periods. Dissolution traces were described on bath crystals faces and extremities. Their origin is probably due to water vapor present in the mining atmosphere. Their intensity decreases with distance from the wall towards the middle of the pillar. The short ti me behaviour of the gypsum was described. Measurements of rooms convergence, pillars expansion and creep tests with controlled hygrometry made it possible to study (in situ and in laboratory) the long term behaviour of gypsum. A coupling hydro-chimico-mechanics was supposed to control the differed deformations. Two mechanisms of differed deformations were proposed : dissolution/migration of water and dislocation. To describe the differed behaviour, a law of long-term behaviour was proposed. The short time behaviour was not taken into account : no instability was noted. The law was based on the unification of the Lemaitre law and Norton law. The good agreement between experimental curves and the simulations showed the capacity of the coupled model to predict the long-term behaviour of the gypsum
Nadot-Martin, Carole. „Contribution à l'homogénéisation du comportement viscoélastique et de la détérioration d'une classe d'élastomères fortement chargés“. Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2274.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStéfani, Muriel. „Comportement de nanoparticules furtives PLA-PEG : approche par des copolymères biorésorbables modèles“. Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON13520.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAssoudo, Abdoulaye. „Comportement différé des poutres composites en bois en dimensions structurales“. Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12376.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHauw, Benoît. „Comportement volumique des revêtements en mise en forme à froid : concept de courbe limite de détérioration“. Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2fbdba67-5dfc-4b43-9739-4fd2ed08ee94.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuglova, Anna. „Etude du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé atteintes par la corrosion“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the reinforced concrete structures, by nature, the reinforcing steel is covered with a protective film consisted of iron oxides. Penetration of aggressive externat agents can destabilize the film and initiale corrosion. When the layer of corrosion products grows around of the steel, loss of the rebat cross-section which is transformed into rust, decrease of rebat ductility, cracking and delamination of the concrete and loss of bond between concrete and reinforcement can be observed. The mechanical load capacity decreases and the ruin mechanism of concrete structures can change. The necessity is Io understand phenomena due to corrosion in order to perform a re-evaluation of the service lifetime of the reinforced concrete structures attacked by the corrosion
Tonon, Claire. „Modèle de comportement des revêtements de contrôle thermique en environnement spatial simulé“. École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ESAE0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe-Magda, Mélanie. „Influence du vieillissement sur le comportement des matériaux et des interfaces des systèmes mécatroniques“. Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMechatronic systems resultt from the tight integration of the electronic and mechanical components. Their used condeition is stringent (currents>200A), so failures can occur. This thesis is devoted to study two common mechatronic materials: epoxy matrix/glass fiber woven PCB FR4 (Printed circuit Boiard Flam Retardant 4) composite and PbSnAg alloy. Isothermal aging at 110°C is applied to PCB FR4 for over 8800 h. It mainly affects the epoxy, which has evolved in complex ways since 2800 h. This is reflected by the appearance of bimodal curves for C'', "out of phase" signal by TMDSC (Thermo-Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and for tan ð, the ratio between storage and loss modulus by DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis). The oxidation of a certain volume fraction of the resin leading to the appearance of a new phase can be an explanation. The Young's modulus of thes two phases is modelised and combines the analysis of the aged epoxy with several models of the composite's behavior (rheological laws, Berthelot's model and mathematical law). Concerning the PbSnAg alloy, isothermal aging at 200°C for 7000 h is applied to the cast and soldered alloys. In the cast condition, formation, coalescence and fragmentation of Ag3Sn intemetallic compounds (IMCs) are observed but the tensile properties of the alloy are not affected. When the same alloy is soldered between two copper substrates coated with Ni and Ni-P layers, in addition to Ag3Sn, other IMCs based on Ni, P and Sn are also observed and grow during aging according to Fick's law. This microstructural evolution leads to a decrease of the mechanical properties of the solder when they are measured with the Arcan shear test
Fabien, Aurélie Jessica. „Etude du couplage comportement hydromécanique – durabilité dans le béton de la structure : application à la maquette MAREVA“. Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonnet, Stéphanie. „Influence du chlore sur le comportement a l'equilibre et sur les proprietes de transfert de materiaux du genie civil“. Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaumann, Florian. „Vieillissement et comportement d’échelle dynamique hors équilibre“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10106/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAgeing phenomena and dynamical scaling behaviour have been observed in many out-of-equilibrium systems, but a general framework for the description of such systems is still missing. A first step in this direction is the theory of local scale-invariance (LSI), which attempts to identify generalised forms of spatio-temporal dynamical scaling. For systems with a dynamical exponent z = 2, it has already been known how to treat stochastic partial differential equations and the consequences have been verified in many explicit models. In this thesis a reformulation and extension of LSI for systems with z ? 2 is presented. We infer for the first time generalised Bargmann superselection and discuss extended dynamical symmetries of Langevin equations with z ? 2. We can establish a formalism for the calculation of non-equilibrium correlation -and response functions and the results are confirmed in several new model calculations. Secondly, the ageing behaviour in reaction-diffusion systems is investigated. Although the main features of ageing as seen in magnets are still valid, important differences in exponent relations are found. Explicitly, the contact process is studied through field-theoretical methods and two bosonic models are solved exactly. For the latter, we show how to extend LSI with z = 2 to nonlinear models. Thirdly, the ageing behaviour in semi-infinite magnetic systems close to the surface is considered. The results show that the general scaling picture known from infinite systems remains valid, but some ageing exponents and scaling functions differ from the bulk quantities
Etcheverry, Philippe. „Etude théorique du comportement non linéaire de milieux poreux globalement isotropes“. Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066731.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCurtet, Jean. „Simulation du comportement tribologique des prothèses de hanche : optimisation des matériaux et des composants prothétiques“. Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT024G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlanel, David. „Les effets couplés de la précipitation d'espèces secondaires sur le comportement mécanique et la dégradation chimique des bétons“. Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSulfate attack of cement-based materials remains an important problem for the durability assessment of containers and disposal engineering barriers dedicated to the long-term storage of radioactive wastes since underground water which may reach these elements contains small quantities of sulfates (7-31 mmol/l). This work contributes to the study of sulfate-induced damage mechanisms, to their understanding and modelling. The experimental phases of this study aimed at the understanding of the different physico-chemical phenomena involved during an external sulfate attack at following their evolution and their impact on the transport and mechanical properties of the material. Leaching experiments in pure water and in a solution of sodium sulfate (with a sulfate content of 15 mmol/l) , have been performed simultaneously on OPC paste (w/c 0,4)in order to allow a comparison of test results. The frequent analysis of the leachant has shown a consumption of sulfate ions by the matrix, proportional to the square rate of time. The use of X-Ray Diffraction on powders, obtained by « scraping » the calcium-depleted part of the samples, led a precise view of the cement paste mineralogy, during sulfate attack. The use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) confirmed the correctness of XRD profiles and brought important informations concerning cracking distribution and localisation. In addition, a visual monitoring of crack appearance and evolution completed the previous observations. Based on these experimental results, a simplified model accounting for the chemical degradation of cement paste in sulfated water has been proposed. A geochemical code, coupling the chemistry in solution with the reactive transport in porous media has been used for this purpose. The model accounts for the evolution of transport properties (diffusivity) associated with the calcium-depleting of the cement matrix and the precipitation of secondary phases (gypsum, ettringite) in the porous space. The results of the reactive transport calculations have then been used to model the mechanical behaviour of the samples subjected to a sulfate attack. The constitutive mechanical model used in this study, is based on physical concepts like the generation of internal auto-stresses in concrete, induced by the precipitation of secondary phases in the porous space. It accounts for anisotropic damage and assumes that cracking can appear depending on several thresholds associated with the behaviour of the material in tension, compression and related to internal stresses originating from secondary phases precipitation
Haillant, Olivier. „Analyse de méthodes d'étude du comportement à long terme de matériaux polymères en usage extérieur“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21398.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRazakamanantsoa, Andry Rico. „Etudes du comportement hydromécanique, chimique et de la durabilité des géomatériaux d'étanchéité mélangés avec des polymères“. Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0120/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle[Passive barrier for landfill liners are designed with bentonite material as Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL's) or Sand Bentonite Mixtures (SBM). This thesis is focused on the experimental study of the long term Chemo-Hydro-Mechanic behaviour of polymer treated geomaterials. Tests are performed with two powder polyelectrolyte polymers (P1, P2). Soil and one selected type of bentonite from a set of six are used. The corresponding testing fluid is composed with : synthetized leachate, CaCl2 and NaCl. This first step of the study is to select the suitable bentonite (B) and the corresponding polymer concentration (2%) that gives the best swelling ability to the bentonite. Compatibility test of the bentonite polymer mixture with synthetized leachable is done. Tests are performed by fabricating GL's, with filter press and oedopermeameter. Results show that hydraulic performance grows with the bentonite concentration. And the LS aggressiveness occurs immediately in a case of bentonite. The effects of polymer treatment are different : P1 increases the swelling ability of bentonite by flocculation, P2 increases the hydraulic performance of the bentonite by dispersion. The long term hydraulic performance tests with SBM are carried out with a rigid wall permeameter. Tests results show that prehydration delays only the fluid aggressiveness in spide of reducing the corresponding effects. The long term effect of polymer treatment reveals benefits to geomaterial behaviour by increasing water retention and reducing the undesired effects of pollutant. The chemical index is proposed to forecast the geomaterial degradation]
Combaret, Christophe. „Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre“. Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0055/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHigh power avalanche diodes, often sold as "transil" diodes, represent an attractive solution for the protection of electronic systems against lightning induced effects. These effects are generated (resistive, capacitive or inductive coupling) when an electric conductor is very close to metallic mass directly hit by a lightning stroke). Reliable and rational implementation of a transil diode needs a thermo-electrical fitting as sharp as possible. The proposed model is based both on the diode mechanical structure for its thermal side and on a SPICE-like system for its electrical side. The model numerical parameters computation and use have been validated with experimental data. On the other hand, long-term behavior of a transil diode hit by lightning induced effects is not well known. So, the second part of this work concerns degradation and weakening effects appearing in normal work conditions of the component. Experimental equipments (high energy pulses generator and measurement setup) have been developped. Preliminary observations have showed differences in the diode behavior under, in one hand, high energy and low current pulses and, in the other hand, high current and low energy pulses. Then, a systematic study showed differences between these two behavior. In the first case, two phenomena leading to a typical increasing of reverse leakage current have been studied and analysed. They appear to be linked to localized breakdown and setting up of deep levels in the junction
Jeannetaud, Pascal. „Étude paramétrique du comportement de coudes en composite sous pression interne : prévision et mécanismes d'endommagement“. Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSchieffer, Anne. „Modélisation multiéchelle du comportement thermo-mécanique des CMO et prise en compte des effets du vieillissement thermique“. Troyes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TROY0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of organic matrix composites for long-term applications leads to take into account the effects of thermal ageing which can considerably modify the mechanical properties and reduce the composite lifetime. The aim of this study is to develop a macroscopic model for structural computation using the finite Element method and to couple different aspects such as : viscoelasticity, damage and thermal ageing. We suggest a multiscale approach laying on the different scales of a composite. The ply behaviour is deduced from the behaviour of the constituents (fibre and matrix) by using Transformation Field Analysis method. In order to analyse the effects of thermal ageing, an important experimental part has been carried out, including mechanical and chemical measurements. Ageing effects are introduced in the model using internal parameters
Mangin, Rémy. „Influence du vieillissement sur le comportement au feu de formulations hétérophasées ignifugées“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fire behaviour of polymeric materials can be modified after ageing, possibly leading to severe damages. These modifications depend on the chemical nature of the system (polymeric matrix, flame retardant system) and on the ageing conditions. Currently, norms exist, that define fire properties of fresh flame-retarded materials; but only few studies have been performed on aged materials. The aim of this work consists in evaluating the impact of ageing of flame-retarded materials. Firstly, materials have been processed from various formulations. The study focused on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymers; flame-retardant system combining a phosphorus compound and mineral nanoparticles was added. Then an operating procedure has been created to simulate ageing, and a methodology has been developed to assess the characteristics of the composites before and after ageing (viscosity, morphology, fire behaviour). Finally, the combustion aerosols emitted by unaged and aged formulations have been investigated
Kuntz, Pierre. „Evolution du comportement sécuritaire de batterie lithium-ion pendant leur vieillissement“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLithium-ion battery technology is more and more widespread due to its high energy density and good cycleability. Today electric vehicles runs with Lithium-ion technologies. Despite Lithium-ion technology has numerous advantages, it has been proved that lithium-ion battery are the cause of many accidental car fires. Thereby battery safety is a key issue to continue to develop more performant and enduring vehicle, but also to ensure the user’s safety. Depending on the condition of use, different aging mechanisms inside the cell could be activated and induce physical and chemical modifications of the internal components. Therefore, aging of a cell has a strong influence on its safety behavior. Three references of commercial 18650-type lithium-ion cells are investigated using BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) representative aging at various temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, 25°C, 45°C) according to the international standard IEC 62-660. Ante-mortem and post-mortem analyses (half coin cell at the electrode level, SEM, EDX, GD-OES, XRD, GCMS, DSC, FTIR…) are performed on internal components in order to identify clearly, which aging mechanism occurs in accordance to the cell characteristics and the aging conditions. Then safety test are performed (ARC, short-circuit and overcharge) to evaluate the safety behavior of each cell. By comparing safety behavior of fresh cell vs. aged cells, it will be possible to understand the impact of each aging mechanism on cell safety behavior
Jin, Shuai. „Etude de vieillissement du comportement mécanique des agro-matériaux à base de fibres de chanvre“. Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this work consists to manufacturing the new composite materials based on hemp fibers and to characterizing their mechanical behavior with different aging effects. We started our study by characterizing the tensile behavior of the single hemp fiber, with original state and accelerated aging. Different aging conditions are chosen to study separately the influence of each climatic parameter (relative humidity, temperature and UV) on the mechanical behavior. The experimental results showed that the UV and humidity play a more important role than temperature on the mechanical properties of single fibers. Microscopic observations have allowed to analyzing the evolution of aging degradation of single fibers. The composites PP / Hemp are then manufactured, aged and characterized with different fibre volume fractions. Aging conditions are the same as those of single fibers. According to the results, UV and temperature are most penalizing to the mechanical properties of composite; it is clear that the PP polymer protects well the fibers and lessens greatly the effect of moisture on the fibers. The last part is devoted to the analytical and micromechanical modelling. The obtained results from Hashin-Shtrikman+ and Neerfeld Hill model showed a good correlation with the experimental results
Logié, Nicolas. „Modifications structurales et comportement rhéologique d’amidons faiblement hydratés sous traitement thermomécanique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring extrusion, in presence of plasticizers, starch can be converted into a homogenous molten state. Process conditions may lead to different structural changes, such as fragmentation of granules, crystals melting, molecular degradation (depolymerization) which have an influence on final material properties. Therefore, a good understanding of starch melting and its rheological behavior is necessary to determine optimal processing conditions and better control of the products quality. Viscosity dependency on starch transformation suggests an analogy with a suspension of solid particles in a fluid, where residual starch fragments act as a decreasing fraction of solid fillers embedded in a molten starch matrix. Two starches of different botanical origin (pea and potato) were processed on a twin-screw extruder under various specific mechanical energy inputs (SME), in presence of water contents (25, 30, 35%) in order to monitor the melting temperature of starch Tm (determined beforehand by DSC). Starch destructuration was investigated at different structural scales: molecular (chromatography), crystal (X-ray diffraction, DSC), granular (microscopy and paste rheology). When compared with extrusion conditions, these analytical results first show that (T-Tm) is an important variable to assess changes, and that fragmentation may be induced by shear, whereas depolymerization may occur before complete melting. Finally, the viscosity of partly molten starch was determined on a pre-shearing rheometer, Rheoplast®. By combining flow curves with experimental results of starch destructuration, it enables to ascertain melting mechanism and test the suspension model
De, Barros Silvio Romero. „Modèle d'interface pour la simulation du comportement des assemblages collés“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of adhesive in composite and metalic components has become increasingly popular. However, the lack of reliable and effient computational tools for the prediction of the load-carrying capacity of such type of junctions have severely limited their range of application. Failure of adhesively bonded joints is the result of the evolution and interaction of several complex degradation processes in the adhesive layer. The damage interface model proposed in this study allows modelling the joints degradation during all the loading phase. This model, which originates from those employed for the analysis of delamination in composites laminates, has been implemented as a part of the finite element code CAST3M. Its implmentation was validate by comparison with Linear Fracture Mechanics models and width other damaging interface models. The difficulty, by using this type of model, is precisely the identification of the interface mechanical parameters. These parameters are valid only for the adhesive, material and the surface treatments for which they were identified. The tests on the bonded structures are thus essential. In this work, the identification of the interface parameters is based on nondestructive acoustic measures (stiffnesses) and on destructive mechanical measures (critical energies). The idenfication procedure is validated by the study of other geommetric configurations of a bonded joint. The aim of this work is to have a numerical tool able to bring the reliability and the effectiveness that the industry needs to develop the use of adhesive joints as a method of structural assembly
Raujol, Sonia. „Influence du vieillissement sur le comportement en fluage d'un superalliage pour disques d'une turbine“. Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of the national project called «Future Supersonic Transport Airplane» concerns the creation of a successor for Concorde able to have a life time four times longer and an increase of the aeroengine output. A new powder metallurgy superalloy called NR3, developed at ONERA, was then elaborated at SNECMA to be used for turbine disks in order to resist the new real working conditions. They are defined by a creep deformation near 700°C under 300 MPa during 20. 000 hours and the long time maintenance, at such a temperature, of this two-phase alloy, inducing a microstructural change negative for the mechanical properties must be understood. The aim of our work is to study, after different thermal treatments, the evolution of the deformation micro-mechanisms during this microstructural ageing, in order to deduce its impact on the creep resistance of the alloy. Several different experimental techniques were used at different scales: macroscopic creep tests, post mortem and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EDX spectroscopy. Finally, a particular emphasis is made on the decrease of the population of the smallest “tertiary” precipitates during ageing. Their important role is revealed by TEM observations through the evolution of the micro-mechanisms responsible for the deformation. It is clearly demonstrated that their dimension, the channel width between them, their chemistry and the quality of their order control at this temperature the variation of the creep resistance of the alloy
Perez, Fabien. „Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique des éléments bicouches sous sollicitations statiques et cycliques“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22536/22536.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDestaing, Fanny. „Contribution à l’étude du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites biosourcés lin/PA11 élaborés par thermocompression“. Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEco-composites are of growing interest to the research and industrial community. These new types of composites are mainly obtained by adding natural fibres to a polymeric matrix. However, the resulting materials must match or surpass the properties of “classic composites” in order to be economically viable. With this in mind, we investigated the properties of a bio-based Polyamide 11 (PA11) reinforced with flax fibres which was prepared by thermo-compression. These natural fibres were selected because their properties are closed to those of glass fibres. A preliminary study was carried out in order to assess the sustainability of both flax fibres and PA11 with the thermo compression process. The mechanical properties for temperatures ranging from -20°C up to 40°C were investigated for both components. A hydrothermal ageing process was also studied. Subsequently, process parameters for thermo-compression such as temperature and pressure were optimised by studying the mechanical properties of 0° laminates composites of PA11 reinforced flax fibres. This work also identified the optimal volume fraction of flax fibres for this composite. Finally, we focused on tensile properties and damage development of [0°-90°]4s laminates
Lacroix, Florian. „Etude du comportement en fatigue des caoutchoucs synthétiques“. Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe behaviour of an elastomer being a close function of its service conditions (stress, temperature or the environment), it is very difficult to study its fatigue resistance. This study is focused essentially an crack initiation, a subject seldom studied. The aim of this study, in the industrial context is to increase the fatigue life of a chloroprene elastomer and to identify a mechanical parameter characteristic of fatigue. The second aim is to correlate laboratory specimen behavior with that of real components (tested in special set ups) by means of a finite element simulation. We have identified a scalar parameter, representing the dissipated energy and determined by a visco-hypereleastic constitutive low. Different crack techniques to detect crack initiation were tested and a critical analysis has beeen made on the efficiency of these techniques
Bastid, Philippe. „Comportement thermomecanique de fontes à grahite sphéroïdal pour collecteurs d’échappement“. Paris, ENMP, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENMP1520.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increased output of automotive engines leads to higher temperature levels in exhaust manifolds. The ferritic cast irons (GS50 and SiMo) used by RENAULT experience microstructural evolutions at high temperature (800oC), that can be detrimental for their resistance. Rather than choosing more expensive higher grade materials, the better knowledge of the microstructural evolutions of GS cast irons and their behaviour would allow the optimisation of the component towards a compromise between light weight and reliability. Three main damage mechanisms were identified in a survey of bench-tested manifolds: oxidisation, decarburisation and phase transformation. They have been quantitatively investigated by isothermal and thermal cycling testing. The oxidisation and decarburisation kinetics were determined for various temperatures. Owing to the knowledge of these ageing mechanisms, specimens whose microstructures were similar to those observed were produced. As-cast and aged materials were compared in a testing program including dilatometry and low cycle fatigue tests. The parameters of constitutive equations for elastic-visco-plastic behaviour were identified for the as cast and aged materials. Results of thermal fatigue models, using the constitutive behaviour identified from isothermal tests, were in good agreement with experimental data. Thermo-mechanical analyses of partly decarburised specimens compared well with testing results, showing that the model can be applied to components of complex geometry, such as exhaust manifolds
Sterpenich, Jérôme. „Altération des vitraux médiévaux : contribution à l'étude du comportement à long terme des verres de confinement“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0211_STERPENICH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFarhat, Faten. „Modélisation multiéchelle du comportement mécanique des gaz shales“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis is to study the influence of microstructure on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of heterogeneous rocks, particularly Vaca Muerta shale rock. In this context, micromechanical models are developed by well-adapted homogenization techniques. The microstructure of this rock has been extensively studied in order to define the representative elementary volume indispensable for the implementation of a micromechanical approach. The studied material is modeled as a heterogeneous medium, made up, at mesoscale, of a composite matrix in which are dipped different types of inclusions. On a smaller scale, fine grains of calcite and kerogen are immersed in a porous clay matrix. The homogenization of non-linear instantaneous behavior is established in the context of clay matrix elastoplasticity and the progressive debonding of mineral inclusions: the nano-micro transition leads to the strength domain of the porous clay phase where the solid phase is considered to be a cohesive-frictional material that obeys to the classic Drucker-Prager criterion. Hill’s incremental method is used as a homogenization means at micro-meso and meso-macro transitions. Next, the long-term behavior of the studied material is defined in terms of microstructure degradation. Finally, a simplified micomechanical model is developed to study long-term behavior of clayey and shale rocks in the context of clay matrix viscoplasticity. Based on this model, for the industrial application of the thesis, we study the interaction between Vaca Muerta shale rock and spherical grains of proppants
Chateauminois, Antoine. „Comportement viscoélastique et tenue en fatigue statique de composites verre-époxy : influence du vieillissement hygrothermique“. Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10242.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhang, Zhanping. „Modélisation du comportement cyclique anisotherme d'un acier martensitique 55NiCrMoV7 avec prise en compte du vieillissement“. Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePagès, Christian. „Comportement de revêtements céramiques sur outil en tournage de finition à sec“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/cpages.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work has been carried out in Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS UMR 5513) at Ecole Nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne (ENISE) in collaboration with BLAZERS corporation which provided cutting tools ceramic coatings (AIN - TiN). The aim of this work is to understand these different coatings behaviour during dry finishing hard turning. In first time, we identified the main factors influencing the coatings behaviour and the parameters to study in order to define the coatings damage. Active factors being : cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and workpiece material. The damage parameters being : cutting edge evolution, cutting wear incise, cutting power and loading, surface quality, shape, volume and chip temperature. To compare the various coatings, being given the diversity of the factors to be considered, we worked out an experimental design of complete factorial type offering possibilities of extension so necessary. This methodology of test actually made it possible to follow the evolution of the sizes according to the wear of the tools on ferrous materials treated or not (steel 100C6 treated and untreaded, cast iron FGS600-3). This study made it possible to highlight the interest of the experimental designs for the interpretation of the results and the predictive capacity of this tool compared in particular with the "couple outil-manière" used in french industry. In a systematic way, it appeared that the various coatings had machining and wear behavior specificities (improvement of the coefficients of friction and role of thermal barrier). They condition the formation of the chips (forms, dimensions, states of stresses). Their generally beneficial action makes it possible to consider the development of dry machining. Lastly, this work attempt to model thermaly the chip formation, showing the role of the initial solid chemical bonds rupture in the rise in temperature to the cration of the chip
Mangin, Rémy. „Influence du vieillissement sur le comportement au feu de formulations hétérophasées ignifugées“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0216/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fire behaviour of polymeric materials can be modified after ageing, possibly leading to severe damages. These modifications depend on the chemical nature of the system (polymeric matrix, flame retardant system) and on the ageing conditions. Currently, norms exist, that define fire properties of fresh flame-retarded materials; but only few studies have been performed on aged materials. The aim of this work consists in evaluating the impact of ageing of flame-retarded materials. Firstly, materials have been processed from various formulations. The study focused on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymers; flame-retardant system combining a phosphorus compound and mineral nanoparticles was added. Then an operating procedure has been created to simulate ageing, and a methodology has been developed to assess the characteristics of the composites before and after ageing (viscosity, morphology, fire behaviour). Finally, the combustion aerosols emitted by unaged and aged formulations have been investigated
Tremblay, Marie-Hélène. „Écaillage des bétons contenant des ajouts cimentaires : influence de méthodes de mûrissement utilisées en chantier sur le comportement à l'écaillage en laboratoire“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26187/26187.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhang, Yan. „Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique d'une pâte cimentaire soumise à la dégradation chimique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThesis presents elastoplastic modelling of cement-based materials coupledwith chemical degradation and mechanical damage. The emphasis is put on cementpaste subjected to compressive stresses. A short literature review is first presented on the mineralogical composition, chemical degradation mechanisms, basic mechanical behaviour and chemical-mechanical coupling. Based on this analyses and a series of experimental data obtained from uncoupled and coupled tests, an elastoplastic constitutive model coupled with chemical damage is first formulated. Two plastic mechanisms are taken into account; respectivelyrelated to deviatoric shearing and pore collapse. The chemical damage is identified as relative variation of porosity. Elastic and plastic properties are affected by chemical damage. Numerical simulations are compared with experimental data and good agreements have been obtained. The evolution of the chemical damage has been described by the generalized diffusion equation which is based on the mass balance equation and a phenomenological chemistry model. We have used finite element method to solve the generalized diffusion equation. Coupled chemical-mechanical tests have been simulated by the proposed model and we have also obtained satisfactory concordance. An extension of the model is finally proposed by including mechanical damage due to microcracks in order to describe brittle responses of material under tensile stresses and low confining pressures. An example of application to structural analysis with chemical degradation is presented. It has been shown that the proposed model describes correctly the main features of the mechanical behaviours of cement-based materials at different stress conditions with chemical degradation
Lamnii, Hamza. „Effets du vieillissement Ultraviolet sur le comportement mécanique des polymères semi-cristallins en chargement cyclique et monotone : expérimentation et modélisation“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe polymers are used under different climatic conditions and can be subjected to several types of aging. In particular, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) modifies the chemical structure of the material, and leads to the degradation of their mechanical properties. UV radiation aging is the result of a competitive process of chain scission and post-crosslinking. Although there is abundant literature on the physico-chemical processes induced by UV on polymers, a limited number of studies have focused on the consequences induced on their mechanical properties, this number being even more limited when considering their fatigue life. This work focuses on the effects of UV radiation on the mechanical properties of semi-crystalline polymers and in particular on fatigue properties. The material chosen for this study is low density polyethylene (LDPE). The test pieces were exposed to different levels of UV irradiation and their lifetime was measured via cyclic fatigue tests. These tests were achieved at constant maximum stress amplitude. The results show a significant decrease in the lifespan with the increase of the absorbed dose. Through the principle of time-temperature equivalence, a slip factor has been introduced allowing the construction of master curves integrating both the effects of the absorbed dose and those of the fatigue loading frequency. On the other hand, an elastoplastic model has been developed to describe the fatigue behavior of polyethylene using two work hardening components: the first one is the kinematic hardening, the second being the entropic resistance defined from the macromolecular hyperelastic model, the so-called eight chain model. The model was then completed by integrating elastic damage using a thermodynamic framework as proposed by Lemaitre and Chaboche for fatigue in order to describe the process up to failure. The obtained results indicate that the developed model is able to capture in a satisfactory manner the fatigue behavior observed experimentally up to fracture, whether for high cycle fatigue or low cycle fatigue
Mathieu, Emmanuelle. „Dégradation de tissus PVC plastifié industriels en utilisation extérieure : mesure de la dégradation, choix d'une enceinte de vieillissement accéléré et recherche de prévision du comportement en vieillissement“. Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT036G.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChantegraille, Denis. „Optimisation de systèmes retardateurs de flamme pour des applications à des matériaux polymères à haute durabilité photochimique“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21918.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLesaffre, Nicolas. „Ageing of flame retarded polylactic acid“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10098/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the ageing of flame retarded (FR) Polylactic acid (PLA). The impact of three accelerated ageing conditions i.e. temperature/ultra-violet (T/UV), temperature/relative humidity (T/RH) and temperature/ultra-violet/relative humidity (T/UV/RH) was studied. In order to understand the role of fire retardant additives on ageing of flame retarded PLAs, the first study was focused on neat PLA. Innovative methodologies were developed, the change in physico-chemical properties of the polymer was characterized as a function of ageing exposure and ageing duration. Moreover, the mechanisms of degradation occurring during T/UV, T/RH and T/UV/RH exposure were elucidated and compared to the literature. Then, the influence of flame retardants (i.e. Melamine, Ammonium polyphosphate and Cloisite 30B) on the ageing behavior of FR-PLAs was investigated. FR fillers were evidenced to have a direct influence on physico-chemical properties and mechanisms of degradation of the material during ageing. The molecular mass was reported to be a crucial parameter, as it is related to the physico-chemical properties and thus to the durability of the material. The main goal of flame retardants is to improve the flammability of PLA thus the effect of ageing on the fire properties of PLA was determined. It is noteworthy that the fire properties of flame retarded PLA are improved during ageing, until the complete degradation of the materials. These surprising performances were found to be correlated to the change in physico-chemical properties which play a key role on the kinetics of intumescence
Al-Maghribi, Abir. „Comportement des matériaux composites à fibres courtes : applications à l'impact basse vitesse“. Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/337/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work is to investigate the behaviour of a short fiber composite material subjected to low speed impacts. The studied material is a SMC composite material realized by compressive moulding. A first part of the study gives elastoplastic with damage behaviour of this type of material. These laws were coded into the user defined material subroutine of (LS-DYNA3D and EUROPLEXUS). Characterizations tests of the SMC-R were realized in order to identify non linear behaviour. The tests realized are tensile test, compressive test, shearing test and dynamic compressive test. The tests have allowed us to identify damage behaviour. The obtained behaviour is necessary for the study of impact. The second part of the study presents the experimental analysis of the impact. The impacts were realized for various energies (4, 8, 12, 16 J). The defects after impact tests are controlled by RX testing, US control, and microscopic observation, in the aim to analyze and quantify the defects create during the impacts. These analyses showed a conical defect in the thickness of plates. Finally a comparison is made between the results obtained experimentally and those obtained from an explicit numerical simulation. This comparison shows that the numerical simulations of impact behaviour are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results globally show a global correlation for the load-displacement behaviour and a local correlation for the defect size
Bouquet, Françoise. „Relations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques de surface de l'acier AISI 304 après différents traitements et le comportement mécanique d'assemblages collés“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD475.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLafarge, Mélanie. „Modélisation couplée du comportement et de l'endommagement et critère de rupture dans le domaine de la transition du Polyvinyldifluoré“. Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZinck, Philippe. „De la caractérisation micromécanique du vieillissement hydrothermique des interphases polyépoxyde - fibre de verre au comportement du composite unidirectionnel : relations entre les échelles micro et macro“. Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0108/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDurability of fibre reinforced polymer composites has been of great interest all along the last three decates. While the degradation processes of each component have been well characterised, predicting the long term behaviour of such materials still remain difficult dur to the poor knowledge of the long term behaviour of the interfacial zones. By performing mechanical testing on unidirectional epoxy/glass fibres composites before and after hydrothermal treatment, a post-condensation of the interphases is evidenced and explained through the inorganic-organic character of these zones. The influence of the nature of the components (comonomers, fibre surface treatment) on the behaviour of the interfacial zones is further investigated using micromechanical characterisation. The microbond technique is applied to the study of the influence of fiber surface treatment while the single fibre fragmentation test is more suitable to investigate the chemical nature of theepoxy matrix. The latter is performed at temperatures near the glass transition temperature of the matrix in order to enhance its elongation at break. Relating microcomposites behaviour to that of the bulk materials by considering degradation mechanisms at the different scales, residual stresses but also the specific properties of polymeric microdroplets, we show that the main factors governing the interface durability are the weight gain of the matrix at equilibrium, the sizing formulation (in particular the presence of filmformer) and in a lesser extent the diameter of the fibre used as reinforcement. It is finally emphasised that the development of composites materials for use in hostile environment can be envisaged by the design of interphases based on the chemistry of hybrid organic-inorganic materials
Yahyaoui, Hanen. „Matériaux isolants pour appareillages haute tension dans le domaine du courant continu : comportement et vieillissement“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of high voltage dc equipment requires design according to specific criteria and including materials with appropriate properties. Indeed, while in ac the dielectric behaviour is mainly determined by permittivity, which varies little for the used materials with field and temperature at power frequency, the dc behavior is determined by highly non-linear volume and surface conductivity-related phenomena. Thus, it is well known that, in dc conditions, electric charge is injected and trapped in the bulk and on the surface, affecting the distribution of the electric field. Space charge accumulation is able to increase significantly the values of the field, thus accelerating ageing and increasing the risk of breakdown. The electrode nature, the field and temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of the insulating material are key factors involved in the high dc field phenomena.Epoxy resins form an important category of polymeric insulating materials used in a wide range of electric power installations and equipment. In particular, they have been used especially as insulating supports for ac Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS), because of their electrical and mechanical properties. However, the behaviour of these materials under high dc stress is less known and needs thorough investigation in view of dc applications.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate dielectric behavior of epoxy resins in order to assess their suitability for use in high DC voltage switchgear and define actions and criteria support for the design of such devices.We start by presenting the most important chemical thermal and dielectric properties of polymers as well as the various properties of the epoxy resin.Dielectric properties of the material at initial state with continuous temperature and electrical stress (loss factor, volume resistivity, thresholds and nonlinearity coefficients, surface resistivity, breakdown, evolution of space charge) are determined and investigated under dc fields at different temperatures
Erzar, Benjamin. „Ecaillage, cratérisation et comportement en traction dynamique des bétons sous impact : approches expérimentales et modélisation“. Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ043S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConcrete is a material widely used for constructions like bridges, nuclear power stations or bunkers. These buildings can be subjected to dynamic loadings such as industrial accidents or projectile-impacts. Consequently a good knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of concrete is a significant safety issue. This work aims to study the damage mechanisms activated in concrete structures under a projectile-impact or a blast loading. First, numerical simulation of impact tests reveals the significance of the dynamic tensile behaviour of concrete targets to simulate accurately their response under impact. Few test data are available in the open literature for strain rates up to 10^2/s. Nevertheless, these results are dispersed: at 100/s, the dynamic increase factor (DIF, dynamic strength to static strength ratio) varies from 5 for one author to 10 for another. The rate sensitivity of concrete has been studied in LPMM over a wide range of strain rates by means of direct tensile tests on a high-speed hydraulic device (10^-5/s <-> 1/s) and using spalling experiments up to 150/s. For this last technique, numerical simulations have been performed to optimize the loading and get a transient but homogeneous tensile loading within the concrete specimen. Moreover computations have been used to evaluate and validate the data processing. Then, experiments have been carried out on two concretes: a microconcrete (MB50) with a fine mesostructure adapted to laboratory testing (= 2mm) and a concrete (R30A7) which is representative of a standard concrete with a compressive strength of 30 MPa and a maximum aggregate size of 8 mm. In each experiment, a particular attention has been devoted to the moisture of the tested specimen. Several spalling experiments have been conducted on dried and re-infiltrated specimens. These experiments have been used to understand the difference of dynamic tensile strength between wet and dry concrete observed by several authors. In parallel these materials have been subjected to edge-on impact tests in two configurations: * Sarcophagus configuration: the concrete plate is encapsulated in an aluminium box allowing keeping fragments near their initial position. The specimen can be recovered post mortem and infiltrated by a hyperfluid resin to reveal the damage induced by the impact. * Open configuration: a high speed camera is used to record the fragmentation process. A digital image correlation (DIC) software called CorreliQ4 developed at LMT Cachan has been applied to realise full-field measurements to identify cracks development and propagation during the test. Another impact test has been proposed: the cratering test has been used to study the penetration of a projectile in a concrete target. Again, the DIC technique allowed performing displacement measurements. It shows that, in this test, the material erosion is a local process. All the experimental data can be used to assess the accuracy of a modelling approach. In this work, the "multiple fragmentation" model proposed by Denoual-Forquin-Hild has been used to simulate spalling and edge-on impact experiments. This model based on a micromechanical description of the fragmentation process allows predicting the maximum tensile strength and the cracking density in the specimen. Each parameter may be evaluated by specific experiments. The model has been implemented in Abaqus/explicit via a user subroutine. Numerical simulations of spalling tests and EOI tests showed a good agreement with experimental results. Nevertheless the modelling did not allow reproducing the cohesion (residual strength) observed in several experiments. To improve the numerical predictions a mesoscopic approach has been employed to simulate the dynamic experiments performed on the standard concrete. In this method, aggregates and matrix are differentiated. Here, aggregates have been supposed perfectly elastic and the behaviour of the matrix phase has been identified using homogenization methods
Le, Viet Dung. „Modélisation et identification du comportement plastique visco-élastique endommageable d'un matériau agrégataire“. Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is achieved in the general frame work of the study of the thermomechanical behaviour of a quasi-compact aggregate. It has for objective the development of a new behaviour model satisfying to the particular requirements for an industrial exploitation. The model is isotropic and includes only a limited number of parameters. The experimental response shows a behaviour material comparable to concrete, to know the following characteristics : viscoelastic, damageable and sensitive to the hydrostatic pressure. For such materials, existing models were generally developped within the framework of the dynamic and static behaviour. They are not appropriate to simulate completely the material behaviour researched. Consequently, a specific model and an experimental protocol are presented. The model is derived from the tensile tests, the compressive tests and the triaxial compresssion tests under hydrostatic containment. The plastic limit is described by the means of a parabolic criterion with isotropic hardening. The flow rule is non-associated ; an isotropic damage achieves the model. Then, the developed model is implanted in the code of calculation standard abaqus by means of a numeric integration dealed with the shape of a procedure in Fortram. An extension in temperature comes to complete the modelling of the material behaviour. The dependance in temperature of the model parameters is taken into account in the Fortram subroutine. The validation of the model is done on the basis of several homogeneous tests as well as tests on structures by comparisons data/simulation