Dissertationen zum Thema „Comportement de dessin“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Comportement de dessin" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Labergri, Fabien. „Modélisation du comportement dynamique du système pantographe-caténaire“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study, a collaboration between ECL-SNCF-FAIVELEY TRANSPORT, proposes a mechanical model of current collection. It led to simulation software written in C++, named PACAT3D. The work includes the development of pantograph and of catenary models and numerical methods to deal with and the pantograph / catenary coupling equations. The pantograph is modelled with the help of multibody methods. Absolute nodal coordinates are used in order to simplify the definition of the joints. The non-linear damper of the pantograph has been thoroughly studied. A large experimental work has been used as a guideline for the models development and allowed their validation. The catenary is modelled by finite-elements. The non-linearity arising from the droper's release are taken into account. A study on the three dimension behaviour of the catenary has been carried out. Techniques to handle systems of equations with constraints are describe : their transform to fit with explicit integration methods, static calculus, constraint relaxation and reestablishment. Many strategies are tested in order to find out the contact force between the mobil pantograph and the discretized catenary; particulary the use of wire elements obtained through modal synthesis. An analytical method enable the validation of the pantographjcatenary coupling. It applies to the stationary response study of a moving pantograph under an infinite periodical catenary. Based upon the Fourier series decomposition of the variables expressed in the moving frame, it leads to the resolution of an eigen value problem
Anusaksathien, Narongdaj. „Le test du dessin du personnage chez le sujet suicidaire“. Poitiers, 2011. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2011/Anusaksathien-Narongdaj/2011-Anusaksathien-Narongdaj-These.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Draw-A-Person Test aims to reveal psychological characteristics which make it possible to predict suicidal tendencies in adults. It consists in drawing first one person and then a second person of the other sex. The patient's verbal description of the drawing during the interview is essential, it can give me invaluable and complementary information that will help me better understand the patient's problems. The study focuses on eight clinical cases and provides key data for the interpretation of the Draw-A-Person test. We can evaluate the results of our research on two levels: First point specific to each case : A detailed intrepretation of the drawings in the clinical cases studied enables us to link the evidence found - such as a reinforced mouth, marks on the wrists, pointed fingers, eyes without pupils - with the psychological conflicts. Second point common to all cases : Through the observed data in the clinical cases studied, we seek the most frequently occurring points in common. In most cases, there are omissions, distortions, faint or broken lines, or parts of the body that are particularly highlighted and drawn with heavy lines
Massat, Jean-Pierre. „Modélisation du comportement dynamique du couple pantographe-caténaire. Application à la détection de défauts dans la caténaire“. Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECDL0027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, current collection is one of the blocking points for increasing the train speed. Besides, statistics consolidated over Europe show an average number of one million minutes of delay each year in Europe related to the pantograph-catenary interface. Hence, the pantograph-catenary interaction deserved a deep study in order to improve future components design as well as maintenance evolution strategy. Two objectives have been the guidelines of this work. The first one was the simulation tool development. It had to be reliable, robust and flexible in order to allow a better understanding of the mechanical phenomena and in order to analyse the effects of catenary defects on the pantograph-catenary interaction. The second objective was the signal processing tools design. These tools had to allow a real-time measurement analysis, recorded by an instrumented pantograph running at 300 kph, in order to detect, localize and identify these defects. Usually, the pantograph-catenary system’s dynamic behaviour is modelled thanks to the finite element method. Indeed, it is the only method that can help us modelling complex 3D geometries as the catenary geometries. Time dependent simulation of dynamic interaction between pantograph and catenary gather also complex problematics :Wave propagation, moving loads, structure’s periodicity, unilateral contact and strong geometrical non-linearities. In order to get a better assessment of the impact of these different phenomena and to specify acceptable hypothesis, a simple analytical model has been developed. As this model offers a continuous contact plan, numerical effects induced by discretization have been assessed and corrected by simple solutions. Results comparison of these two complementary models has allowed the software validation and parameters identification such as damping. At last, from the introduction of defects in the simulation has come out the temporal signature generations of each defect type in the catenary. Finally, specific signal processing methods have been tested in order to detect defects and to localize and identify them. Regarding the environment and tests conditions, these analyses must take into account the lack of test reproducibility and non-deterministic aspect of catenary measurements related to climatic conditions and wear. The use of wavelets gave very interesting results for defect detection ; especially the last development in this domain called adapted wavelet that makes this tool a major tool as far as defect detection and low false alert rate are concerned. Finally, with the building of a defects signature’s library, this detection tool will get the necessary robustness and reliability required for the evolution of the maintenance strategy
Mauris, Marie-Elisabeth. „Comportement predateur de la sepiole (sepiola affinis) : approches experimentales en eco-ethologie“. Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066408.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSzostak, Tapon Bérangère Durand Rodolphe. „L'impact des facteurs organisationnels sur l'image institutionnelle des organisations le cas des agences de design en France /“. Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2006/szostak_b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlarcon, Laura. „Contribution à la modélisation expérimentale du comportement transitoire des pneumatiques“. Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH6351/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe car of tomorrow is taking form. It will be connected and autonomous, i.e. it will substitute for human being. A few thousand of communicating vehicles should be put in circulation by 2016. Through the development of multiple advanced functions of driver assistance and active safety, it is already possible to speak of partial autonomy of conduct. Indeed, these last years, a large number of systems have appeared in vehicles such as adaptive speed control, lane departure warning, parking assistance ... They use technologies more and more sophisticated that lead to significant development costs. Actually, car manufacturers are very numerous on the market. They face increased competition, which strongly influences the design phase. Thus, the time limit between the phase of vehicle design and manufacturing are becoming smaller in order to increase competitiveness. For that purpose, the numerical simulation is developed to reduce prototyping costs and development time of vehicles. It uses generic and accurate models allowing the simulation of the vehicle behavior or the behavior of the other systems in the vehicle. Dynamic modeling of vehicle static behavior is now an acquired thing. As regards the transient behavior, the dynamic characterization of the vehicle behavior or the physical phenomena experienced by the vehicle occupants has long been studied, but still has gaps. This is precisely the case of current tire models that do not correctly transcribe the transient behavior of this body, in particular during emergency maneuvers. This work is inscribed in this problem of transient tire models representativeness improvement
Gosset, Stéphanie. „Le placement des individus comme organisation spatiale des habitacles de transport public urbain : Une modélisation littéraire au service de l'innovation en design“. Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR1804/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe French rail transport company Alstom Transport inquires whether new usages are emerging in urban public transport vehicles. The systemic approach has been chosen as a theoretical frame to respond to this question. This approach enables to examine the organization of the individual-passenger compartment system. Structured observation has been conduct in 12 cities (5 countries). Data analysis combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, allows describing the placement based on 2 scales (the passengers compartment and the individual). The sense of the sitting position and the possibility to lean on has been brought to light as well as the spatial organization of activities. A potentially emerging usage could be observed. It interrogates a possible evolution of the organization of placement, and opens new research perspectives regarding the spatial organization of activities
Szostak, Bérangère L. „L'impact des facteurs organisationnels sur l'image institutionnelle des organisations : le cas des agences de design en France“. Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2006_out_szostak_b.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur work studies the influence of organizational characteristics on institutional image of organization. Institutional image refers to institutional logics of an organizational field to be legitimate, and then they are projected to stakeholders. Organizational characteristics concern here professional expertise, clients, partnerships and prizes. Our hypotheses are tested in French industrial design agencies. Our method is qualitative (25 exploring interviews and 13 confirming interviews) and quantitative (a database of 249 design agencies from 1990 to 2002). Findings indicate which organizational characteristics explain the institutional image of design agencies referring to significant logics inside this field - functionalist, formalist or utilitarian logics
Georgiev, Nikolay. „Extraction de données à partir de pages Web pour la mesure du comportement des internautes“. Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05S004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile the information available on the internet increases exponentially, it is still not completely accessible for the current technologies, because of its text nature. The question “How to access the information stored in HTML/XHTML format?” does not have a precise answer yet. In this work we are interested in the problem of web pages identification and data extraction for the need of the internet measurement science, where the data volumes are in the order of tenths of millions pages to analyse. The innovation introduced by our approach resides in the extraction methodology which is based on the recognition of sub structures called “local structures” and on the concept of “information couple”, which consists of the idea to associate the extracted data with relevant visual markers. Our research has also been validated throuqh the development of a robust and easy to use data extraction tool
Roux, Pascale. „Design des organisations et dynamiques des réseaux pour innover : explorations théoriques et empiriques“. Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFew economic contributions have been dedicated to the understanding of how Network structures influence knowledge dynamics and innovation, which is the main concern of the thesis. The latter provides both theoretical and emperical insights on such issue. We first review the formal analysis of organization design and propose an emperical analysis of how such design influences ICT adoption. Next we study the effects of firms'internal design and external relations organization on their propensity to innovate. Moreover, the thesis provides a theoretical model which allows us to study the emergence of networks through a dynamic process in which agents strategically choose the agents with whom they may want to interact. The model shows how such network architectures strongly determine the accumulation of knowledge, the diffusion of ideas and innovative performance at both individual and aggregate levels
Rodriguez, Emmanuel. „Etude du comportement des ressorts coniques et ressorts de torsion en vue du développement d’outils de synthèse associés“. Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents improvements of models for compression conical spring and simple and double torsion springs, needed for corresponding synthesis design tools development. Numerical optimisation methods prove their efficiency for compression and traction springs design tools. The development of such tools for conical and torsion springs needs new models for quick calculations. First, an analytical expression of constant pitch conical spring non-linear behaviour is presented. Second, three models for the simple torsion spring are proposed. The first one determines analytically the initial system angle and a corrected angular rate considering the legs bending, to obtain a linear behaviour of the simple torsion spring. The second model refines the first one modelling the spring body as a tube spatially inclined. The last one evaluates the spring situation deformed under load, leading to a discretized non-linear spring behaviour law. For the double torsion spring, linear and non-linear models are presented, considering the common leg support as a rod or a plan. All the proposed models have been confronted with experimental tests, deducing design rules. The thesis results should shortly lead to integrate the models into synthesis springs design tools
Béland, Mathieu. „Study and design of a small kerosene burner“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this work is to design a small kerosene burner to study the fireproofing capacity of composite material under flame attack. The standards AC20-135 and ISO-2685 described how the fireproofing tests have to be performed and are used to set the requirements for the design of the small kerosene burner. The burner sprays liquid jet-A droplets and air is flowing around the injector in an annular chamber. The combustion generates an unconfined flame. The fuel injector selected is a Delavan spill-return pressure atomizer. There is a custom 3D printed plastic swirler at the air exit near the combustion area to increase the mixing between air and jet-A droplets. A computational fluid dynamic analysis (CFD) is presented to better understand the aerodynamic of the burner and to design the swirler. The design of the burner allows to easily change the swirler to test different vane angles. An experimental test bench is designed to test the effect of these swirlerson the heat flux under multiple combinations of burner power and equivalence ratio at four axial measurement locations. The experimental investigation allows selecting the final configuration and parameters for the burner. The chosen swirler has 15 vanes that are oriented 25° to the burner axis. The best axial location for the measurements is at 7.6 cm (3 in.). It is possible to generate a flame with a diameter smaller than 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) while reaching the required heat flux of 116 kW/m2. This accommodates smaller coupon sizes and reduces cost for pre-certification testing. To achieve this flame configuration, the burner power should be set between 10 kW to 20 kW with an equivalence ratio between 0.7 and 0.9.
Leung, Pah Hang Thierry. „Les bétons bas pH : comportements initial et différé sous contraintes externes“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30139/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of the radioactive wastes disposal in deep geological repository of clay, low-alkalinity and low heat of hydration concretes referenced "low pH " were designed. The degradation of the properties of the clay can be limited by using these types of concrete. Two types of low pH binder were chosen for this research: the first one is comprised of cement, silica fume and fly ash (TCV) and the other one is comprised of cement, silica fume and slag (TL). The objective of this research is to comprehend the behavior of these concrete in order to ensure the well-placing of the fresh concrete at an industrial scale and good mechanical performances, chemical stability and confining properties. The experimental program focuses on a physico-chemical and mechanical characterization of these recent materials with high pozzolanic addition content. The experimental data are then modeled for the purpose of having a tool that, in the end, is able to predict the behavior of the low pH concretes within the structure. The results show that grinding altogether the three constituents improves the reactivity of the binder and allows a good reproducibility of the low pH design. The most important criterion which is a pH of the interstitial solution below 11 is met at 28 days. The heat measurements at early age show that the low pH concretes are low heat of hydration concretes as well. In the long run, high mechanical performances, low permeabilities and diffusivities were obtained on these materials. The modeling of the hydration, evolution of mechanical properties, damage, creep and hydric transfers is also covered in this thesis. The model of hydration was adjusted to match the hydration of ternary binders by taking into account the effects of the additions such as the heterogeneous nucleation, on the hydration of the cement. As for the other models, the experimental results were used as data input to validate the models on binders with high replacement rates. Ultimately, this work allows us to contemplate serenely the modeling and the prediction of the behavior of structure made of low pH concretes
Mandil, Guillaume. „Modèle de représentation géométrique intégrant les états physiques du produit“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714559.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIdir, Achour. „Justification du coefficient de comportement sismique des structures en béton armé par des approches statiques équivalentes“. Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0508.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSun, Xiaoguang. „Une approche innovante basée sur un cadre de fonction-tâche-comportement pour intégrer les facteurs humains et l'ergonomie dès la première phase de conception“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD044/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman factors and ergonomics (HF/E) as a scientific discipline provide constraints for the engineering design of human and system (product) interactions. Most existing studies on HF/E cover the specialization of physical, cognitive, and organizational ergonomics. Numerous evidences show that insufficient consideration of HF/E information leads to poor design, and fully considering this information in the design phase can improve both the user experience and system performance. Existing methods for HF/E information integration (HF/EII) can be categorized into two types: Technology-Centred Design (TCD) and User-Centred Design (UCD). TCD methods integrate HF/E information from the detailed design phase or later, which may cause design modifications and iterations. UCD approaches address HF/E information from the early design phase, which are time-consuming for HF/E requirements collection. The objective of this thesis is dedicated to a new design methodology and tool for HF/EII from the early design phase in a systematic, time-saving, less expensive, and less iteration way. In this thesis, a function-task-behaviour framework has been developed, which provides a systematic and detailed guide for HF/EII from the early design phase. A case study has been presented to validate its feasibility, which offers the theoretical support for method implementation. Thus, an Interaction Design Centre (IDC) module was developed and integrated in CAD software to aid the design work, which provides a practical way for the implementation of FTB framework. It enables designers to (1) catch both functional requirements and non-functional requirements from the early design phase, and (2) convert them into design parameters to carry out the design work. By using IDC module, design modifications and iterations due to belated effort for HF/E consideration can be significantly reduced, thereby providing a satisfactory user experience in the case of meeting the functional requirements. Regarding current method of design solution generation overly relies on designers’ experience, a design solution generation model is developed for producing design solution. Different from current problem solving approaches, this model is easy for designers to cognize and operate. It offers a divergent thinking for design solution generation based on the individual design task. Finally, the major contributions and limitations of our study are presented and the future studies are previewed
Sta, Fabien. „Étude et modélisation de l'influence des propriétés physico-chimiques de suspensions concentrées sur leur comportement rhéologique“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConcentrated suspensions are fluids which display complex rheological properties. These properties are modelled through structural equations which consider both the liquid and solid phases, but with a lack of consistency for the granular parameters (in particular the maximum packing fraction of non-model suspensions). The overall objective of this paper is to investigate the dependence of the viscosity of energetic concentrated suspensions on the physicochemical properties of their components. The properties with the most significant impact on the viscosity are chosen using the Design of Experiments methodology. The resulting model accounts for the mass median diameter D50 in small and large particles, the large particles density d, the specific surface area of small particles, the shear stress γ ̇ applied to the suspension, the viscosity of the suspending fluid η_f and a constant value for the volume fraction in solid ϕ≃0.51. Moreover, this model allows predicting the viscosity of the studied suspensions for a volume fraction in solid from 0 to 0.51 %
Geoffroy, Laura. „Design of new fire protective multi-materials“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFire can cause severe material damage as well as human casualties. The development of new fire protective systems is thus of prime importance. In order to conceive new and more efficient systems, an innovative scientific approach has been considered within this PhD work. It consists in combining various concepts and materials while changing their design rather than their chemistry to achieve superior fire protection. In this way, two novel fireproofing multi-materials were developed and aimed on the one hand to limit the reaction to fire, and on the other hand to increase the fire resistance of a substrate. In the first part, additive manufacturing was selected as a process of choice for designing a material with a low reaction to fire. An original bio-inspired sandwich design (honeycomb-like structure) was elaborated, 3D printed and optimized by the combination of numerous concepts (oxygen inhibitor system, physical barrier, low emissivity coating). Thanks to this association of design and concepts, the multi-material exposed to an external radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m2 based on the ISO 13927 standard of the mass loss cone calorimeter has shown a very low reaction to fire with a fast flame extinguishment and an extremely low total rate of heat release rate (less than 10 kW/m2) evidencing its outstanding efficiency. In a second part, a system acting as a fire barrier was developed to protect a substrate against a fire exposure of 116 kW/m2 (burn-through fire testing mimicking the aeronautical standard ISO2685). Intumescence and delamination phenomena were combined within the same design to elaborate this barrier. This new and optimized assembly dramatically reduces heat propagation and protects the substrate, its backside temperature remaining below 250°C after more than 15 minutes of fire exposure. The effectiveness of this fire barrier was finally tested on other substrates to extend its use. This study proves that modifying the design of various materials can be a promising way to design new and very effective fire protective systems
El, Moumen Ahmed. „Prévision du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes basée sur l’homogénéisation numérique : modélisation, visualisation et étude morphologique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10077/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe homogenization is a technique of Micro-Macro passage taking into account the influence of morphological, mechanical and statistical parameters of the representative microstructure of an heterogeneous material. Numerical modeling has contributed significantly to the development of this technique to determine the physical and mechanical properties of bi-and multi-phase heterogenous materials. The main objective of this work is the prediction of the macroscopic elastic and thermal behaviors of heterogeneous materials. The mechanical and thermal behaviors was determined numerically and compared with experimental and analytical results. The variation of the representative volume element (RVE) versus volume fraction and the contrast was analyzed. This study showed the importance of a rigorous determination of the optimal RVE size. Indeed, it must take into account several parameters such as : volume fraction, contrast, type of property and the morphology of the heterogeneity. A new concept of the equivalent morphology was proposed. This concept introduces the equivalence of the elastic and thermal characteristics of a microstructure of heterogeneous materials with complex morphology and those of a microstructure containing spherical particles. This work led us to developement of a comprehensive approach to microstructural design by integrating the real morphology of heterogeneous microstructure phases incorporating at the same time the image visualization, the morphological study and the geometric and numerical modeling
Sun, Huichao. „L'amélioration de la performance du produit par l'intégration des tâches d'utilisation dès la phase de conception : une approche de conception comportementale“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAhou, Ghalandari Bahar. „Design of passive methane oxidation biosystems considering their response to the presence of capillary barrier effect“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9570.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract : Implementation of passive methane oxidation biosystems (PMOB) is a cost effective and sustainable solution to eliminate the methane emissions of landfills to the atmosphere and ensuing global warming effects. PMOBs consist of two main layers: methane oxidation layer (MOL) and gas distribution layer (GDL). The oxidation of methane occurs in MOL through the biochemical reactions of methanotrophic bacteria, and GDL is constructed beneath the MOL to intercept and distribute the fugitive biogas emissions at the base of MOL. Basically, the efficiency of a PMOB is defined based on the methane oxidation efficiency in MOL. Therefore, it is indispensable to provide adequate conditions for the bacterial activities of methanotrophs. In addition to the environmental parameters, the intensity and the distribution of the biogas reaching the MOL material influence the efficiency of PMOBs, and they may cause the MOL material possessing great capacity to host the bacterial activities to be unserviceable in terms of in field methane oxidation. The capillary barrier effect along the GDL MOL interface may provoke localized surface methane emissions, resulted from the restricted and/or non uniform distribution of upward flow of biogas at the base of MOL. The main focus of present study is to incorporate the unsaturated hydraulic behavior of PMOBs into the design of PMOBs, providing adequate ease and distribution of upward flow of biogas at the base of MOL. The air permeability functions of the materials used to construct the MOL of experimental PMOBs at the St Nicephore landfill (Quebec, Canada), along with other materials from the technical literature, were studied to evaluate the unsaturated gas flow behavior of the materials and to identify the threshold of unrestricted gas migration. This latter threshold was introduced as a design parameter based on which the recommended design criterion herein, i.e. the length of unrestricted gas migration (LUGM), was defined. LUGM is considered as the length along the GDL MOL interface along which biogas can migrate upwards without restriction. Performing sets of numerical simulations in SEEP/W, the effect of slope of interface and the parameters defining the water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity function of MOL material on value of LUGM (representing the ease of upward flow of biogas at the interface) and distribution of moisture (and therefore biogas) along the GDL MOL interface were assessed. The saturated hydraulic conductivity and the pore size distribution of the MOL material were the most influencing parameters in distribution of moisture along the interface. The latter parameter influences also the value of degree of saturation and therefore, the ease of biogas at the base of MOL. Dry density of MOL material is another parameter that controls the ease of upward flow of biogas. The main limitations of the present study are associated with the number of tested MOL materials and the inability of SEEP/W in considering the evapotranspiration. However, considering reasonable assumptions in simulations and using the data from the literature, it was attempted to reduce the limitations. Based on the results of experiments and numerical simulations, some design steps and considerations for selection of the MOL material and the slope of interface were suggested that incorporate the unsaturated hydraulic behavior into the design necessities for an efficient PMOB so that the maximum possible methane oxidation capacity of MOL material is exploited.
Wilhelm, Arnaud. „Développement d’une méthodologie pour la compréhension du comportement et le dimensionnement d’un bouclier sandwich soumis à l’impact d’un oiseau“. Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring an aircraft flight, the possible collision with a bird is a major threat, and the certification authorities require to take ît into account. In the case of a nose strike, the pressurized bulkhead is protected by a shield. Understanding the behaviour under impact of such a sandwich structure is essential. This work has two main goals: understanding the design parameters influence on the shield behaviour, and propose a methodology to conduct this study. Firstly, a generic finite element model is created to be used in a parametric study. A tool to measure the shield deformation is proposed to make it possible to easily compare the behaviour of different shields and to help understanding the behaviour of a shield. This tool is based on the projection ofthe shield deformation on a basis comprising three modes: Indentation, Bendîng and Crushing. A screening study is then conducted to rank the design parameters with respect to their influence. A parametric study is then conducted on the six first parameters. A Latin hyper-square is used for the design of experiment and seven different quantifies are studied. The Gaussian processes framework is used to create surrogates models. Global sensitivity analyses are then conducted to study the variation of the shield behaviour in the whole design space. The effects of each parameterare measured and explained. Finally, a method to minimize the shield mass, using the surrogate models to enforce minimal target protection criteria, is presented
De, Sauvage Jean Gauthier. „Étude du comportement des murs de soutènement par clouage des sols en place : application au dimensionnement du parement“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET011/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoil nailing is technique developped in France during the 70s for the retaining of excavations. Today, the facing of such structures is often designed to support the maximal tensions admissible in the reinforcements. The professionals generally admit that the service loads in the reinforcements are smaller than the calculated ones. Especially at the facing foot because of the construction phasage, from top to bottom. In 2015, The French Standardization for Geotechnical Structures Verification launched a revision of the standard concerning soil-nailing, especially about the facing design. In this context, this thesis aims at a better knowledge of soil-nailed walls behaviour and especially about the mobilization of the facing. The works consisted of a parametrical study on a centrifuge model (three nail lengths) and of a numerical modelling. On the centrifuge model, the nail tensions were observed, at each level, using Bragg grated optic fibers, placed at the core of the nails. The Bragg networks were placed 5 mm from each other (25 cm on the real wall). The displacements inside the soil were followed by a Particle Image Velocimetry like technique. The grains patterns were observed through a lateral translucid face. The experiments have shown a strong influence of the structure slenderness on displacements amplitude and on tensions allures. A 3D numerical model was also developped with CESAR-LCPC. It was realized with Finite Elements Method and the building phasage was respected. Nails were modelized by lineic elements whose nodes where shared with volumic elements. In order to simulate the friction law, an additional degree of freedom was introduced : the relative displacement between soil and nail. The deformation behaviour of the soil was simulated using Hardening Soil Model. The comparison of experimental and numerical results highlighted the influence of slenderness on wall behaviour as well as the limits of Finite Elements Method. In particular, the results are strongly dependant on the stiffness of soil and of the interface between soil and nail. This comparison also allowed to propose an improvement of the soil-nailing design. The PROSPER software choses a failure surface along which the displacement of soil mobilizes the reaction of the nails. This displacement is generally considered as homogenous but the results of the present work allow to propose an allure. Abacus have proposed for the distribution of this displacement and this design approach has been tested on an experimental wall
Nguyen, Phuong Amanjean Elsa. „Développement de bétons fibrés ultra performants pour la réalisation d'éléments de structure préfabriqués“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30309/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUltra-High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concretes are cementitious materials of exceptional performances. They are characterized by a compressive and tensile strength over respectively 150 MPa and 6 MPa at 28 days. Within a global management of economic and the environmental impact of Lagarrigue company, the use of UHPFRC in substitution of ordinary concrete in precast elements seems relevant. However, expensive materials and environmental cost of current mix design restrict their use and development. This study aims at proposing UHPFRC mix designs which are characterized by better economic and environmental cost and respect criteria of the pre-standard UHPFRC materials (PR NF P18-470). Firstly, an optimization study of UHPFRC mix design has been established, four mixtures have been developed without heat treatment application, three of them based on metakaolin and one with silica fume as a reference mixture. Secondly, the characterization of fresh and hardened state was conducted in order to establish their identity cards and confront them to the criteria of (PR NF P18-470. In the fresh state, all concretes studied are self-compacting concretes and present thixotropic character. The thixotropic character may cause a discontinuity of the interface between two layers of concrete during casting, recommendations of manufacturing and casting process have been proposed. In the hardened state, one UHPFRC with metakaolin and another one with silica fume reached compressive strengths over 150 MPa, they could be classified as UHPFRC-S and could be used for structures designs while the two other mixtures based on metakaolin exceeded 130 MPa were classified as non-structural UHPFRC-Z (PR NF P18-470). For tensile behavior, three UHPFRC are classed T2, their elastic and post-cracking strengths are between 6.0 and 8.0 MPa, and between 4.6 and 7.0 MPa respectively, while the last mixture is in the classification limit with elastic and post-cracking strengths of 5.9 and 4.0 MPa respectively. The limit values of shrinkage and creep coefficient recommended (PR NF P18-470) were satisfying. The microstructure evaluation allowed strengthening certain assumptions made in the mechanical characterization, including shrinkage and creep. The durability characterization showed very high potential sustainability materials. The last part is an outcome of this research project with the first industrial application, based on the structural design of the UHPFRC future standard (PR NF-P18-710) which concerns the realization of precast elements of a structure
Paris, Manuel. „Identification du comportement en torsion à fort facteur d’avancement des pales d’hélicoptère conventionne : application à la réduction des efforts de commandes sur une formule hybride haute vitesse de type X3“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the increase of cruise speed for conventional helicopters (main rotor and anti-torque rear rotor) reaches an asymptote. The X3 concept proposed by Airbus Helicopters is a hybrid helicopter combining 2 propellers at the tip of small wings in order to unload the main rotor. This solution is economically viable because it reuses well-proven technologies such as the Spheriflex rotor, already used on the Dolphin family for many years. X3 flight tests have shown a good behavior of the rotor concerning performances as well as handling qualities, but control loads in the rotor system were significantly higher in cruise conditions than for conventional helicopters. In order to save the payload, over-sizing of the mechanical parts in order to withstand these loads can't be an appropriate solution. The work presented in this thesis deals with the problematic of control loads reduction.In order to reduce the control loads, the first step is to highlight the roots of these loads and to get a predictive tool over the whole flight domain. Experimental measurements from X3 flight tests give the aerodynamic loads on the blade sections, leading to understand the blades torsional dynamic behavior in several flight test cases (cruise, turns and high speed flight). Phenomena responsible for the increase of control loads are then identified, and the rotor computation tool HOST used at Airbus Helicopters is corrected to predict accurately control loads over the conventional as well as the high speed helicopter flight domain.The corrected rotor computation tool HOST, associated with the physical comprehension of the blade torsional dynamics, is used to quantify the possible solutions proposed for control loads reduction. Two main ways are studied: the optimization of the control system architecture and the reduction of pitch link loads. The optimization of control system architecture shows a dramatic reduction of control loads in the servo actuators and in the non-rotating scissors, thanks to an optimization algorithm developed during this thesis. The reduction of pitch link loads study shows that the optimization of the helicopter equilibrium leads to drastic reduction, whereas the modification of blade design does not show any significant reduction even at high speed
Carrizales, Alexia. „Le rôle des milieux de vie dans le développement de l'empathie et des comportements prosociaux à l'adolescence“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0246/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdolescence is a significant period in life that is characterized by major changes that have been theoretically and empirically related to changes in social environments. Adolescents different living environments offer the “playground” to explore, to test, to develop and integrate social cues and crucial abilities that are necessary for social interaction, such as prosocial behaviours. During adolescence, peer relationships become more salient and prominent than in any other period in life. Away from the family and the school context, adolescents spend a large amount of time in activities with peers. Among these activities we focused on extracurricular activity participation, that have been conceptualised as an important developmental context of adolescents’ livesThe first aim of this dissertation was to provide more insight into the role of living environments in relation to empathy and prosocial behaviours in adolescence. We developed and examined an integrative model of the relations between positive and negative living environment features, adolescents’ perceptions of prosocial behaviours across the three contexts (family, class and extracurricular peer group) and their own prosocial behaviours, taking into account the potential mediating role of empathy.The second aim was to provide more insight into the bidirectional longitudinal relations between empathy and prosocial behaviours during adolescence, with a special focus on the within-person processes.Finally, the third aim of this dissertation was to provide more insight into adolescents’ prosocial behaviours and empathy developmental trajectories considering extracurricular activity participation.This dissertation used data from a 3-Wave longitudinal study gathered during the three years of the PhD with data collected at one-year intervals. Adolescents answered questions concerning the features of the living environment, their peer group’s and parents’ prosocial behaviours, extracurricular activity participation, and their own empathy and prosocial behaviour.Our findings suggest that extracurricular peer group features, family features (particularly the negative ones) and extracurricular peer group and parents’ prosocial behaviours play a major role in adolescents’ prosocial behaviours via empathy in adolescence.Therefore, we found that empathy is a driver of prosocial behaviours. We also identified that latent class growth for empathy and prosocial behaviour were different in the extracurricular activity group for which there was no downward trend trajectory over time compared to the non-extracurricular group.Using one approach across three living environments allowed us to capture the common and specific features of the family, school and extracurricular peer group contexts that influence adolescents’ prosocial behaviours. Furthermore, our results highlighted the need to acknowledge the between person differences and the within-person processes of development. Moreover, it is important to consider the heterogeneity of developmental trajectories concerning empathy and prosocial behaviours during adolescence if we want to capture the complex interplay between family, class, extracurricular peer group, empathy and prosocial development
Gueguin, Maxime. „Approche par une méthode d’homogénéisation du comportement des ouvrages en sols renforcés par colonnes ou tranchées“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1062/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work takes place in the context of soil reinforcement techniques, aimed at improving the mechanical performances of poor quality grounds. Among these techniques, the use of soft inclusions taking the form of columns or cross trenches has known important developments. Even if the aspects relative to their construction process are presently well mastered, the design methods of such reinforced soil structures still remain to be greatly improved. The present work advocates the use of the homogenization method for assessing the global behavior of reinforced soil structures, both in the context of linear elasticity (stiffness properties) and in the framework of yield design (strength properties). Taking into account the geometrical periodicity of the various reinforcement configurations, we thus determine the behavior of the reinforced soils first locally and then at the global scale. To assess the strength capacities of reinforced soil structures, the static and kinematic approaches of the yield design theory are performed analytically or numerically depending on the kind of reinforcing material which is used. Adopting innovative numerical formulations dedicated to this theory, we can notably evaluate the macroscopic strength domains of column as well as cross trench reinforced soils which can then be introduced in the yield design of reinforced soil structures. Two illustrative applications of this procedure are performed relating to the bearing capacity problem of a reinforced soil shallow foundation on the one hand, the stability analysis of an embankment on the other hand
Demilly, Estelle. „Autisme et architecture : Relations entre les formes architecturales et l'état clinique des patients“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe relationship between architectural space and quality of life is studied here through a transdisciplinary research (involving architects and psychologists) centered on the links between the spatial characteristics and clinical state of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Investigations on these aspects are scarce and scattered, and few are scientifically conducted. The present thesis aims to reveal spatial features to promote the well -being of these people. The methodology consist in collecting architectural and clinical data in 20 institutions hosting adults with ASD. The architecture of these 20 institutions was characterized and behaviors of 148 residents from clinical questionnaires were evaluated. This work led to the creation of a database of architectural variables (explanatory) and clinical variables (to be explained and control). Statistical analysis of this database allowed to back up assumptions on the impacts of certain parameters of the built environment on the clinical condition of individuals with ASD. Beyond knowledge related to autism, the object is to situate our problematic in a broader questioning on the relationship between architecture and well- being of the individual. Architects design living spaces by projecting themselves as occupants, and use their own representation of the "quality of life" as a reference. This can lead to some discrepancies between the designed space, and space as experienced by users unknown to the designer
Ragueneau, Frédéric. „Fonctionnement dynamique des structures en béton : influence des comportements hystériques locaux“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGarnier, Christian. „Etude du comportement dynamique des structures composites réalisées par LRI : application à l’impact et à la fatigue“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/6920/1/garnier.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGinoux, Geoffrey. „Impression 3D et nanocomposites : Étude du comportement de mélanges PLA/argile appliquée à la fabrication additive par extrusion de matériaux“. Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdditive manufacturing process is a preparation for the forming of a workpiece by the addition of material, by stacking successive layers. Although more and more polymers can be implemented by this technology, the filled polymers are practically absent, so they are widely used in other types of shaping methods. The scientific and technological objectives of the project are (i) a better understanding of the relationship between the rheological behavior of polymer systems and their ability to shaping by additive manufacturing technologies FDM, (ii) the development of polymer-based formulations biosourced adapted to these technologies and providing multifunctionality. The first goal will require first of all to identify the conditions (temperature, velocity gradients, nature constraints ...) imposed by the processes considered then to implement and / or adapt the means of characterization of the rheological behavior of polymer systems under these conditions. The rheological behavior in shear but also in elongation may be considered. It should in particular identify the necessary compromise between behavior adapted to the flow at the die or nozzle and meltability and consolidation layer by layer. Finally, the effect of different ways of functionalization considered on the rheological and thermal behavior and thus on the ability to formatting will be analyzed. In order to adapt the bio-sourced polymers for a wide range of applications, various routes of functionalization will be considered based on compounding with particulate fillers
Sqali, Houssaini Mamoun. „Utilisation du formalisme DEVS pour la validation de comportements des systèmes à partir des scénarios UML“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4318.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA development of a system begins with the constitution, in the phase of requirements analysis, a specification in which a set of scenarios describing the behavior of the system is defined with the constraints that it must obey, where each scenario is a partial representation of the system behavior. However, this specification is not directly implementable, because it is difficult, especially for more complex systems, to observe the global behavior of a system directly from scenario. That is why they are often integrated with other models used in the detailed design, called "behavioral models", in particular State Machines [Harel 87], who allow to move from partial to global view of the system in order to answer different problems such as validation of the behavior or the detection of system inconsistencies. Our thesis aims, firstly, to study different languages of scenarios, especially UML sequence diagrams, and MSC's (Message Sequence Charts), and secondly to propose an automatic synthesis method who generate executable discrete event DEVS models [Zeigler 76] from scenarios describing the desired behavior of a system. The resulting models are executable and deterministic with a formal semantics that ensures a unique interpretation of each element of models. The use of final models simulation traces, taking into account the coverage of the simulation compared to the number of states and transitions visited, allow validating the behavior
Langle, Frédéric. „Contribution à l'élaboration de design de substitution en similitude indirecte sur modèles réduits : application à l'étude du comportement en collision des absorbeurs axiaux“. Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ada00313-2944-431c-9aa0-8bbd91c168be.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContrada, Francesca. „L’apport de la Constructibilité au pré-design.Évaluation et support au choix des solutions techniques“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesign for efficient buildings is a complex process because of interaction between several stakeholders throughout life cycle phases. Today, many standards allow design to be assist taking in account energy performance and other performance aspects, such as indoor comfort, carbon footprint or project management. In this context, early-design stage plays a key role: early-design choices define design strategies that can influence the following phases (developed design, construction and operational). In order to optimize the whole construction process, constructability sets some principles based on the anticipation of risks about performance variations. Even if some tools and methods exist, in France constructability still needs to be formally integrated in design process. This thesis has two main goals: it aims to introduce the discipline of constructability in early-design stage and, on the other hand, it provides a performance assessment for conceptual design choices. The result consists in an assessment method able to support programme managers and designers to verify early-design relevance concerning constructability and performance aspects. The evaluation is based on seven criteria established by constructability concepts and performance-based tools. The method is applied to three case studies in order to show its applicability for both an early-design holistic assessment and a decision support approach concerning traditional or adaptive envelope components
Bellenot, Grégoire. „Etude de l'influence de la distribution de fluide sur le comportement thermohydraulique d'un réservoir de stockage thermique mono-cuve dual-media“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the context of the development of renewable energies and energy recovery, thermal storage is a major topic of research. Amongst promising technologies, one-tank sensible heat storage is an interesting alternative solution to usual two-tanks technologies. The use of a granular porous media, instead of thermocline storages’ free fluid volume, allows to reduce the amount of the often-expensive heat transfer fluid. Few studies exist on the influence of fluid distribution at the inlet and outlet of the porous media over performances of this kind of technology.The bibliographical review of this subject showed that most of experimental and numerical studies on dual-media heat storages are mono-dimensional or regard fluid’s distribution as ideal, which means perpendicular to the overall flow. However, a recent study questions this hypothesis, raising the issue of the potential influence of fluid distribution for an industrial application. Moreover, studied porous media are generally composed of one-sized particles.First, an experimental campaign is carried out. A test facility, using a two-sized particles porous media, is used to realise charge and discharge cycles with monitoring of characteristic physical values. Three fluid distributions are available for the inlet and outlet of high temperature fluid. Collected data give first results on the influence of fluid distribution over this type of storage and direct the next part of this study. The analysis of data also allows to highlight the imperfections of the experimental facility and to search for their causes and consequences.Secondly, the functioning of the one-tank dual-media heat storage is numerically studied. A multidimensional numerical model is developed, taking into account the two-sized particles of the porous media. This model, developed from the study of the relevant literature, especially the previous work from Thermal Storage Laboratory at CEA-LITEN, is based on the solving of thermodynamics’ usual equations, adapted to a porous media. Its specificity is to solve one heat conservation equation for the fluid and one for each of the granular solid phases. The model is validated by comparing its results with these extracted from the previous experimental campaign, with an acceptable agreement.The developed model is used to carry out a theoretical study of the influence of fluid distribution over the behaviour of the storage. Several charge and discharge tests are done, under idealised conditions, on a system representing the experimental facility. Two fluid distributions are compared, one is perfectly spread and the other with a strong centred axial jet. The influence of natural convection and of the augmentation of fluid’s velocity related to distribution are studied by repeating the same tests having modified the physical parameters of the model. The tests link theses physical phenomena to observed behaviours.Lastly, experimental and numerical results are gathered and interpreted in the case of a possible industrial application. In the case where the highlighted impact of fluid distribution would be evaluated high enough, recommendations are given, based on previous results and on a bibliographical review on technical fluid distribution solutions in this type of heat storage
Oussalah, Tarik. „Comportement des sables sous sollicitation d’impact à faible vitesse : application au dimensionnement de couches de sol protégeant les structures des impacts rocheux“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET004/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn extensive experimental parametric study has been carried out to characterize how impact loads of low velocity (lower than 100 km/h) are transmitted to a structure through a protective sand layer. Different rock fall conditions have been considered, corresponding to actual conditions in current practice. The experimental program consisted of 43 full scale impact tests on a sand layer protecting a concrete foundation mat, combining three sand layer thicknesses (1, 1.5 and 2 m), impacting blocs of equivalent diameters in the range of 0.42 to 1.79 m and five free falling heights, up to 33 m. Based on the analysis of pressure cells measurements for the different rock fall conditions, the pressure induced at the interface between the protective sol layer and the structure by an impact was expressed in terms of impact conditions, defined by layer thickness (D), size of the impacting bloc (B) and height of free fall (H). Procedures to derive the model parameters from the tests are explained in detail. A numerical model was developed to simulate an impact on a structure protected by a soil layer based on a deformation analysis approach. The Finite Element code ABAQUS was used. The bloc, the soil and the structure were considered as different bodies, having contact conditions between them. The stress‐strain relationship in the soil was assumed to be elastoplastic. Friction angle and dilation angles were derived from laboratory tests on the sand. The elastic modulus was assumed constant, equal to usual values for compacted sands. An approach is proposed for the design of soil layers to protect structures from impacting loads due to rock falls
Klimenko, Yanina. „La relation entre les éléments intangibles de l’institution, de la culture et de la structure organisationnelle et le comportement décisionnel des décideurs stratégiques (hauts fonctionnaires) des organisations publiques : recherche qualitative“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePublic administrations face complex challenges. Multiple organizational transformations are undertaken to find a balance between public interest and organizational capacities. However, numerous researches show that change in the public sector is often incremental notwithstanding the effort. The dissertation offers a new explanation to this paradox. The theoretical framework is built on decisional, cultural, structural, institutional theories evolution and empirical learnings. It suggests that decision-making behavior in an organization is influenced by a social construct. What could be the exact nature of this construct: does it come from culture, structure, or institution? To answer the question, the dissertation proposes a new integrative concept of the systemic leveling force. The empirical part discussesthe results brought by the application of the concept on strategic, non-routine decisions taken in the context of transformation by senior decision-makers (Deputy Ministers and Assistant or Associate Deputy Ministers). Analysis of discourse from the angle of the new concept has made it possible to understand nature, the mechanisms, and the effects of the action of the systemic leveling force. The research concludes that the systemic leveling force is created over time to ensure the sustainability of the system of organizations. It is made up of identity elements and the mechanisms by which it influences decision-making behavior. By mechanisms of the development of systemic consciousness, of the routinization and the anticipation of sanctions in an environment of pressures, the force provides the decision criteria and constraint the decision-maker to use the patterns. Consequently, the non-use of systemic patterns generates the action of "leveling". Decisions are thus taken under the influence of the systemic leveling force, tinged with the dominant paradigmatic color in this system of organizations. They are the product of the analytical rationality proper to this system, are collective and patterned (they are neither arbitrary, individual, nor unprecedented). The application of the concept of the systemic leveling force demonstrates that an integrative approach is possible and even necessary in the study of complex social phenomena. Regarding the methodological difficulties mentioned in the literature, the choice of a qualitative methodology brings depth to the analysis. The future work in this line could focus on the identification of the means enabling organizations to escape decisional incrementalism. These researches could help senior decision-makers to better deal with the effects of the systemic leveling force and further improve the management of public organizations.
Guyot, Sylvain. „Importance du design pour la transformation de phase, la microstructure et le comportement supraconducteur des composites à base de Nb3Sn fabriqués suivant le procédé bronze“. Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376_2005_361.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAttar, Ahmed. „Le béton renforcé de fibres metalliques, matériau anisotrope et hétérogène : caractérisation et modélisation du comportement en traction uniaxiale“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChabi, Edem. „Étude de la formulation et des propriétés mécaniques et thermiques du béton de balles de riz“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0232/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEveryone agrees today that human activities significantly affect the climate of the planet. The construction sector is one of the main contributors to this situation as it is the largest energy consumer and the second largest CO2 emitter in the world. It is therefore important to build eco-friendly buildings, which consume little energy and emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle. The present study is then integrated into a general problem of development of innovative building materials with reduced environmental impact. We propose to use the rice husk as a vegetable aggregate in a cementitious matrix. The objective of the work is to propose a method for the mix design of concretes based on plant aggregates and to study the mechanical and thermal behavior of rice husk concrete. Setting tests on pure cement paste formulated with water resulting from the infusion of the rice husk showed that these aggregates had no inhibiting effect on the setting of the cement. To confirm this hypothesis, a chemical analysis of the rice husk was carried out and the results showed that the extractable ratio of rice husks is almost zero, unlike other plant aggregates such as hemp and wood. The proposed formulation method consists in determining the packing density of the plant skeleton for a given method of implementation and then in proportioning the binder paste which will occupy the residual intergranular pore volume. The paste is consisted of the binder, the effective water, the possible additions and admixture, and trapped air and/or entrained air. For a given volume of air (and additions), the quantities of cement and effective water are then adjusted to achieve the targeted performances, based on the law of Féret. However, for this type of concrete, the large volume of entrained air also depends on the quantity of cement and water present in the mixture, the intensity of the mixing and the casting mode. A model describing the volume of residual air was then calibrated from tests carried out with the components of the concrete that it is desired to manufacture. Finally, the problem of formulation is solved by using a numerical optimization module. In order to validate the model, the method for the mix design was applied to five samples with a target resistance of 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 8 MPa. The performances obtained are quite similar to those targeted. In addition, it has been observed that the preservation mode of the specimens has a significant influence on the mechanical strength of the material. Indeed, a cure in desiccation condition can reduce the mechanical resistances up to 60%. The best resistances obtained were observed on the specimens preserved at 95 % RH. Measurements of thermal conductivity have shown that rice husk concrete is a very good alternative to more conventional systems in terms of thermal insulation. The average value of the thermal conductivity of the rice husk concrete varies depending on the binder dosage between 0.070 W/(m.K) and 0.171 W/(m.K). The evolution of the thermal conductivity as a function of the density and the cement dosage is linear
Collong, Sophie. „Conception des systèmes mécaniques complexes en comportement dynamique. Contribution à une démarche physico-fiabiliste à partir d'un système à pile à combustible pour véhicule électrique à hydrogène“. Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0283/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe integration of complex mechanical systems subject to stringent vibration environments requiresconsideration of the real conditions of use from the beginning of the design phase.The thesis shows that the vibration environment and the duration of exposure to this environmentdepend on the use of the system throughout its life cycle. The evaluation of its use is based on thejoint evolution of both the user behavior and the system technology development.The dependability analysis of a complex mechanical system leads to consider the system as a wholeand thus to investigate in depth the dynamic behavior of critical components. A basic modeling ofthe mechanical system allows to qualitatively and quantitatively identify key dynamic behaviors anddetermines the vibration loads to which selected critical components are subjected. On this basis,modeling the behavior of a mechanical component leads to assess its fatigue damage. This indicatorhelps the designer in his choice of component geometry.Finally, the climatic environment as well as effects related to the internal functioning of the system,have been taken into account by performing vibro-climatic tests of on an operating systems, i.e. a fuelcell system integrated into a hydrogen electric vehicle. This helped to develop a procedure to supportthe design of complex mechanical systems
Lemaitre, Juliette. „Vers une simplification de la conception de comportements stratégiques pour les opposants dans les jeux vidéo de stratégie“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2343/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis addresses the topic of creating artificial intelligence (AI) to control high-level decision-making in strategy games. This kind of game offers complex environments that require the manipulation of a large number of resources by choosing actions depending on long-term goals. This AI design is not simple because it is about providing to the player a playful and interesting experience. Hence, the aim is not to create unbeatable behaviors, but rather to display several personality traits allowing the player to face diverse opponents. Its creation involves game designers who are responsible of defining several strategies according to the experience they want to provide to the player, and game developers who implement those strategies to put them into the game. The collaboration between them requires many exchanges and development iterations to obtain a result corresponding to game designers’ expectations. The objective of this PhD thesis is to improve and simplify the creation of strategical behaviors by proposing a strategy model intelligible to game designers and that can be interfaced easily with developers’ work. For game designers, a strategy model has been created to allow them to express rules guiding the choice of goals and their allocated resources. These rules make it possible for game designers to express which goal to choose according to the context but also to choose several of them and give them relative importance in order to influence the resource distribution. To improve intelligibility we use a graphical model inspired from finite state machines and behavior trees. Our proposition also includes a strategy engine which executes the strategies created with the model. This execution produces directives that are represented by a list of selected strategical goals and the resources that have been allocated according to the importance and needs of each goal. These directives are intended for a tactical module in charge of their application. The developers are then responsible for the implementation of this tactical module. Our solution enables game designers to directly design the strategical level of an AI and therefore facilitates their cooperation with game developers and simplifies the entire creation process of the AI
Cagin, Stéphanie. „Méta-modèles réduits et séparés du comportement de balayage d'un moteur Diesel 2-temps pour l'exploration évolutionnaire des espaces de solutions“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0383/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of numerical methods to design a product became more and more commonover the past 30 years. However, numerical models are still specialized and they do not run fastwhich make their use problematic. So some reduced models of scavenging have been developed. These models are analytical andgeneric; they run quickly and avoid the numerical treatment problems. They are also some efficienttools in the search of design solutions.The work carried out has led to a new methodology based on a behavioral meta-model called“neuro-separated” including a neuronal model of state, a pseudo-dynamic neuronal model and amodel with separated variables. Then, a process of decision aids exploiting the models previouslydeveloped in evolutionary algorithms (genetic algorithms) and the fast behavioral simulation of theoptimal design solutions thanks to the kriging approach.This design approach is multi-viewpoints, multi-criteria and multi-physics. It also includes acognitive dimension: both free and controlled evolutionary explorations of solution spaces have beendone. To validate the method, some qualification criteria have been evaluated for each model. Theyallow to understand and to assume the gap between the reduced models and the initial CFD base(where the model are coming from). Our approach has led to the development of a tool of model and decision aids using Python and Matlab software programs
Huaulme, Arnaud. „Détection automatique de déviations chirurgicales et identification de comportements chirurgicaux par modélisation et analyse des processus chirurgicaux“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Dubé, Jean-François. „Modélisation simplifiée et comportement visco-endomageable des structures en béton : applications aux séismes et aux choc des ouvrages en béton armé“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoriano, Delphine. „Outils d'évaluation du design de l'avatar dans l'engagement du joueur“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1104/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we produce measurement tools to characterize the design of an avatar and evaluate the player’s engagement. These are two critical points for the design of video games and serious games. Engagement is widely studied in different research fields and it is not defined yet. The feeling of presence and the desire to pursue the game are two elements of the player’s engagement. Theoretically, the feeling of responsibility is also a part of it. This sensation can be similar to the player experience. The player and the game form a dynamic system. The graphical environment is part of this system. Its semantic aspects or its consistency keeps the player engaged. On the other hand, the avatar is a dynamic object from this virtual environment of the game. Its character design has an impact on one's behaviors in virtual environments and in the video game. Some tools and methods seem effective to measure the player’s engagement, describe the player’s behaviors or characterize an avatar. But these tools and classifications are unsuitable for research studies in video games and for designers. We conducted three experiments to test the effectiveness of our methods and tools. First, we define the feeling of responsibility in video games. The results show that this feeling is a component of the player's engagement and it can be measured. We propose a method and we test our classification of video games' images. This classification can be used by designers. Its use can occur interesting theoretical analysis of images. Finally, we design a video game, Sympathy, dedicated to studies on the avatar and the player’s engagement. We conclude that avatars' design according to our classification have influenced the behavior of play
Gaddour, Inès. „Contribution à l'étude de la qualité de l'audit : une approche fondée sur le management des équipes et le comportement des auditeurs“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study develops and empirically tests an explanatory model in order to study the dysfunctional behaviors of financial auditors.The literature review allows to identify the main factors having a significant impact on malfunctions (budget pressure, time deadline pressure...). This research proposes extending the scope of the determinants in a relational and managerial perspective. To this end, it mobilizes mainly Leader-Member Exchange theory (LMX), but also the role modeling and the assessment style of auditors performance.Our study is based on a questionnaire which was sent to senior auditors who work in the large auditing networks which constitute the main actors of the audit market in France, specifically of Anglo-Saxon (Big 4) and French (Mazars) origins.To test our hypotheses, the estimation method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) was applied.The results show that the three dimensions of Leader Member-Exchange (LMX), namely affection, loyalty and contribution have a negative and significant impact on the adaptive behaviors (respectively unprofessional behaviors: CNP, mismanagement of the audit team: MGE and Quality-Threatening Behavior: QTB). Also, results highlight under the effect of mimetic, managerial behaviors adopted by a superior have been shown to reduce the MGE, but also QTB and CNP. In addition, it was revealed that a favorable perception of organizational support and an evaluation focused on social criteria result in less QTB and MGE respectively.Finally, the analyses confirm the results of previous research concerning the impact of the style assessment based on technical criteria, affective commitment, budget pressure and time deadline pressure on such types of behavior
Li, Letitia. „Approche orientée modèles pour la sûreté et la sécurité des systèmes embarqués“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLT002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presence of communicating embedded systems/IoTs in our daily lives have brought a myriad of benefits, from adding conveniences and entertainment, to improving the safety of our commutes and health care. However, the flaws and vulnerabilities in these devices expose their users to risks of property damage, monetary losses, and personal injury. For example, consumer vehicles, both connected and conventional, have succumbed to a variety of design flaws resulting in injuries and death. At the same time, as vehicles are increasingly connected (and in the near future, autonomous), researchers have demonstrated possible hacks on their sensors or internal control systems, including direct injection of messages on the CAN bus.Ensuring the safety of users or bystanders involves considering multiple factors. Conventional safety suggests that a system should not contain software and hardware flaws which can prevent it from correct function. `Safety of the Intended Function' involves avoiding the situations which the system or its components cannot handle, such as adverse extreme environmental conditions. Timing can be critical for certain real-time systems, as the system will need to respond to certain events, such as obstacle avoidance, within a set period to avoid dangerous situations. Finally, the safety of a system depends on its security. An attacker who can send custom commands or modify the software of the system may change its behavior and send it into various unsafe situations. Various safety and security countermeasures for embedded systems, especially connected vehicles, have been proposed. To place these countermeasures correctly requires methods of analyzing and verifying that the system meets all safety, security, and performance requirements, preferably at the early design phases to minimize costly re-work after production. This thesis discusses the safety and security considerations for embedded systems, in the context of Institut Vedecom's autonomous vehicle. Among the proposed approaches to ensure safety and security in embedded systems, Model-Driven Engineering is one such approach that covers the full design process, from elicitation of requirements, design of hardware and software, simulation/formal verification, and final code generation. This thesis proposes a modeling-based methodology for safe and secure design, based on the SysML-Sec Methodology, which involve new modeling and verification methods. Security modeling is generally performed in the last phases of design. However, security impacts the early architecture/mapping and HW/SW partitioning decisions should be made based on the ability of the architecture to satisfy security requirements. This thesis proposes how to model the security mechanisms and the impact of an attacker as relevant to the HW/SW Partitioning phase. As security protocols negatively impact performance, it becomes important to measure both the usage of hardware components and response times of the system. Overcharged components can result in unpredictable performance and undesired delays. This thesis also discusses latency measurements of safety-critical events, focusing on one critical to autonomous vehicles: braking as after obstacle detection. Together, these additions support the safe and secure design of embedded systems
Rasamoelina, Francis. „Développement d'un modèle utilisateur pour une mise en relation du Kansei et de l’Eco-conception“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe consideration of environmental issues is a very strong topic in our society nowadays. In the field of Product Development, Ecodesign is a methodology that allows the consideration of these issues by proposing to reduce the environmental impacts of products throughout their life cycle. The use phase of the life cycle is a critical step as the way how the products are managed can have significant impact on their environmental performance. We propose in this thesis to enrich the understanding of the use phase by highlighting the Kansei Information that can play a major role in the interaction between the user and the product and thus can be integrated in the early phase of the Ecodesign process. Our approach provides a better understanding the use phase, by contributing to the mastery of the environmental performance of products. Our research points out that the user can be defined not only from basic information commonly used in the User Centered Design, but also from subjective information brought by the Kansei dimension. We carry out experiments in which we implement two EcoKansei attributes corresponding to the values and emotions in order to illustrate user modeling for Ecodesign. The approach we propose is a part of EcoUse project that aims to develop a methodology for user-centered Ecodesign. Various contributions of our approach can be pointed out. For the Research, linking Ecodesign with the Kansei studies, which are basically unconnected leads to mutual enrichment between these two approaches. For Industry, an Eco-design approach supported by Kansei Information enables the design of new products which will have the benefits of both providing less impacts to the environment, and at the same time being more accepted by users as these products match with their environmental sensitivity
Du, Dianchun. „Design of tunnels using the hyperstatic reaction method“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI063/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research work aims to present the design of tunnel by means of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM). The models developed by the HRM method are firstly proposed for investigating the behaviour of U-shaped tunnels under different conditions, considering two load cases, two different geometries of U-shaped tunnel lining, two different cases of springs, change of the spring stiffness, multi-layered soil conditions, surcharge loading, and saturated soil masses. The presented models permit to obtain good predictions with a high computational efficiency in comparison to finite difference numerical modelling. Then a parametric analysis has permitted to estimate the U-shaped tunnel lining behaviour in a large number of cases which cover the conditions that are generally encountered in practice. Thereafter, taking a twin-lane metro tunnel as an example, a series of mathematical functions used in the optimization progress of sub-rectangular tunnel shape is deduced, which gives to tunnel designers a theoretical support to choose the optimal sub-rectangular tunnel shape. The effect of different parameters, like the lateral earth pressure factor, soil Young’s modulus, tunnel depth, surface loads, on the internal forces and shape of sub-rectangular tunnel is then given. In the last part of the manuscript, the influence of a temperature change on the lining forces of circular tunnel by means of the HRM method is investigated, considering different factors, such as the tunnel lining thickness, lining elastic modulus and ground coefficient of thermal expansion