Dissertationen zum Thema „Complex planning process“

In this research, a set of novel, integrated and systematic adaptive process planning algorithms and strategies, which include adaptive tool-path generation algorithms and strategies, adaptive slicing algorithms and strategies, adaptive approach for FGM(Functionally Graded Material)-based biomedical model and build time and geometrical accuracy analysis and control modules, for complex biomedical model fabrication in the RP/M (Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing) process, have been developed to balance and optimise the geometrical accuracy and build efficiency. In the developed adaptive tool-path generation algorithms and strategies, directly slicing algorithm and NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)-based curves have been developed to represent the boundary contours of the sliced layers to maintain the geometrical accuracy of original biomedical models. The developed mixed tool-path generation algorithm can be used to generate mixed contour and zigzag tool-paths to preserve geometrical accuracy and speed up fabrication. Based on the developed build time and geometrical accuracy analysis modules, the developed adaptive speed algorithms can be used to further reduce build time of biomedical model fabrication in RP/M. In the developed adaptive slicing approach, rotating slicing and two thresholds have been introduced to extract surface feature of biomedical models. Then, an adaptive slicing thickness determination algorithm has been developed to decide the thickness of each slicing layer based on the outside surface complexity of the model. In addition, the user can balance the geometrical accuracy and the build efficiency during RP/M processing with the different values of two pre-setting thresholds. Furthermore, by choosing the right value of the pre-setting thresholds, it can also effectively reduce the build time and improve the accuracy of biomedical model fabrication in RP/M. In the developed adaptive approach for FGM-based biomedical model fabrication, FGM-based modelling features can represents typical FGM-based biomedical models effectively, and the linear and non-linear control parameters for FGM composition and distributions can enable users to address their specific functional needs of FGM-based biomedical model. The proposed mixed tool-path generation algorithm and adaptive speed algorithm can be used to generate a series of contour/offset tool-paths to represent the material gradual change, and zigzag tool-path is generated for the internal area of a single material to support the realizable and customized FGM-based biomedical models fabrication in RP/M efficiently.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering)--S.M.U.
Title from PDF title page (viewed May 23, 2007). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: B, page: 2188. Adviser: Radovan Kovacevic. Includes bibliographical references.

Within manufacturing systems, process planning and scheduling are two interrelated problems that are often treated independently. Process planning involves deciding which operations are required to produce a finished product and which resources will perform each operation. Scheduling involves deciding the sequence that operations should be processed by each resource, where process planning decisions are known a priori. Integrating process planning and scheduling offers significant opportunities to reduce bottlenecks and improve plant performance, particularly for complex job shops. This research is motivated by the coating and laminating (CandL) system of a film manufacturing facility, where more than 1,000 product types are regularly produced monthly. The CandL system can be described as a complex job shop with sequence dependent setups, operation re-entry, minimum and maximum wait time constraints, and a due date performance measure. In addition to the complex scheduling environment, products produced in the CandL system have multiple feasible process plans. The CandL system experiences significant issues with schedule generation and due date performance. Thus, an integrated process planning and scheduling approach is needed to address large scale industry problems. In this research, a novel proxy measure based local search (PBLS) approach is proposed to address the integrated process planning and scheduling for a complex job shop. PBLS uses a proxy measure in conjunction with local search procedures to adjust process planning decisions with the goal of reducing total tardiness. A new dispatching heuristic, OU-MW, is developed to generate feasible schedules for complex job shop scheduling problems with maximum wait time constraints. A regression based proxy approach, PBLS-R, and a neural network based proxy approach, PBLS-NN, are investigated. In each case, descriptive statistics about the active process plan set are used as independent variables in the model. The resulting proxy measure is used to evaluate the effect of process planning local search moves on the objective function sum of total tardiness. Using the proxy measure to guide a local search reduces the number of times a detailed schedule is generated reducing overall runtime. In summary, the proxy measure based local search approach involves the following stages: - Generate a set of feasible schedules for a set of jobs in a complex job shop. - Evaluate the parameters and results of the schedules to establish a proxy measure that will estimate the effect of process planning decisions on objective function performance. - Apply local search methods to improve upon feasible schedules. Both PBLS-R and PBLS-NN are integrated process planning and scheduling heuristics capable of addressing the challenges of the CandL problem. Both approaches show significant improvement in objective function performance when compared to local search guided by random walk. Finally, an optimal solution approach is applied to small data sets and the results are compared to those of PBLS-R and PBLS-NN. Although the proxy based local search approaches investigated do not guarantee optimality, they provide a significant improvement in computational time when compared to an optimal solution approach. The results suggest proxy based local search is an appealing approach for integrated process planning and scheduling in complex job shop environment where optimal solution approaches are not viable due to processing time.
Ph. D.

The performance of product development processes is important to the commercial success of new products. The improvement of these processes is thus a strategic imperative for many engineering companies - the aero-engine is one example of a complex product for which market pressures necessitate ever-shorter development times. This thesis argues that process modelling and simulation can support the improvement of complex product development processes. A literature review identified that design process modelling is a well-establishedresearch area encompassing a diverse range of approaches. However, most existing tools and methods are not widely applied in industry. An extended case study was therefore conducted to explore the pragmatic utility of process modelling and simulation. It is argued that iteration is a key driver of design process behaviour which cannot be fully reflected in a mechanistic model. Understanding iteration can help select an appropriate representation for a given process domain and modelling objective. A model-based approach to improve the management of iterative design processes was developed. This approach shows that design process simulation models can support practice despite their limited fidelity. The modelling and simulation framework resulting from this work was enhanced for application to a wider range of process improvement activities. A robust and extensible software platform was also developed. The framework and software tool have made significant contribution to research projects investigating process redesign, process robustness and process optimisation. These projects are discussed to validate the framework and tool and to highlight their applicability beyond the original approach. The research results were disseminated in academia and industry - 72 copies of the software were distributed following requests in the first three months of its release.

Litteraturen om Sälj- & verksamhetsplanering (S&OP) är generellt sett samstämmig kring slutsatsen att  en  sådan  process är  överlägsen traditionell planering,  där  varje  funktion planerar  sin  egen verksamhet. Men även om konceptet och möjliga fördelar är lätta att förstå, så har det visat sig svårt för många företag att operationalisera processen i verkligheten. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka vilka stora hinder ett komplext tillverkande företag ställs inför vid operationaliserandet av en Sälj- & verksamhetsplaneringsprocess. För att fylla detta syfte så  genomfördes en djup fallstudie på  ett företag med ambitionen att operationalisera en standardprocess. Vidare gjordes en syntes av idag existerande mognadsramverk för processen, för att identifiera det mest passande ramverket för att diagnostisera en organisation och dess mognadsnivå. Genom att syntetisera litteraturen identifierades ramverket framtaget av Grimson och Pyke (2007) som det mest passande ramverket för att diagnostisera en organisation i den specifika kontexten. Vidare identifierades tre problemområden som i störst utsträckning hindrar operationaliserandet av en standardprocess: organisationens komplexitet, produktportföljskomplexitet samt IT-stöd. Denna  studie  bidrar  till  både  utövare  och  forskare  med  vägledning  för  att  framgångsrikt diagnostisera en organisations mognadsnivå inom processen, genom att identifiera och belysa de största hindren en komplex tillverkande organisation möter. För forskare påvisar detta att djupare forskning behövs inom vart och ett av dessa problemområden, och för företag och organisationer belyser   denna   studie   vart   resurser   ska   fokuseras   för   att   möjliggöra   ett   framgångsrikt operationaliserande av en Sälj- & Verksamhetsplaneringsprocess.
In general, literature is unanimous in concluding that Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) is superior to traditional decoupled planning. But even though the concept and potential benefits of S&OP  is  easy  to  comprehend,  the  process  has  proven  to  be  difficult  for  organizations  to operationalize in reality. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate what major obstacles complex manufacturing organizations face while striving to operationalize a standard level Sales & Operations Planning process. In order to fill the research objective, empirical research in an in-depth case study format at a company that have the ambition to operationalize a standard level process was performed. More, a framework synthesis was carried out to identify the most suitable maturity framework for diagnosing organization’s S&OP maturity level. Through the S&OP Maturity Model Synthesis the framework by Grimson & Pyke (2007) is found the most appropriate for diagnosing a company within the specific context. Further, the major obstacles  for  complex  manufacturing  organizations  identified  are:  Organizational  complexity, product portfolio complexity and IT system support. This study firstly contributes to  practitioners and  researchers with guidance for  organizational diagnosis.   Secondly,   by   investigating   and   highlighting   the   major   obstacles   that   complex manufacturing organizations encounter when seeking to evolve in a S&OP process.  For researchers this indicates further research within each of these areas, and for practitioners the result signals where to focus time and resources in order to enable S&OP maturity progress.

Background: Over the past years, companies have competed in a globalized and dynamic environment which has forced them to implement various incentives in order to gain cost advantages. Companies have tried to implement Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) but many have not managed to get the expected results. Coordinating sales and operations remains a crucial challenge because of the multiple differences and conflicts in objectives and responsibilities, referred to as having a silo culture. As many companies have encountered this barrier in conjunction with an S&OP implementation, investigating the S&OP process in a company with functional silos and a complex planning process remains.  Objectives: The objective with this study is to provide a deeper understanding of how to manage the silo culture challenge, in order to achieve a higher S&OP maturity level in a manufacturing with a complex planning process.  Methods: The objective with this study was fulfilled through an in-depth empirical case study research in an Engineering-to-order (ETO) company. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with employees working in the departments involved in the S&OP process, along with a survey that was used to identify the organizational culture. Moreover, a framework synthesis was carried out in order to identify the most suitable S&OP maturity model for assessing the maturity level.  Results: The results revealed that no written rules or policies govern the organizational activities, but an organization chart and some job descriptions exists. The total work is divided, resulting in a functional organizational design. The results showed that the departments facing supply and demand, have different objectives due to their functional specialization and that no common goals exist between the departments. The results also showed that the prevailing organizational culture appeared as different among the departments. The S&OP diagnosis reveled that the S&OP maturity level was low on most of the dimensions except from the IT dimension. Moreover, it revealed the lack of a shared understanding of the S&OP process among the different departments.  Conclusions: The main findings for managing the silo culture in order to reach a higher S&OP maturity level was to: (1) possess a organizational design that facilitates cross-functional alignments, (2) focus on people by ensuring that the S&OP process is fully understood, (3) define clear job roles and job descriptions, (4) state goals for each department and incorporate common goals along with metrics for all departments, (5) incorporate a strong organizational culture with shared values and beliefs and (6) have a clear decision making process along with moving towards a decentralization in some areas.
Bakgrund: Under de senaste åren har företag konkurrerat i en globaliserad och dynamisk miljö, vilket skapat incitament för att erhålla kostnadsfördelar. Flertalet företag har försökt implementera Sälj- och Verksamhetsplanering (SVP) men få har lyckats erhålla de förväntade resultaten. Koordineringen av försäljning och verksamhet återstår vara en avgörande utmaning på grund av flertalet skillnader och konflikter i mål och ansvarsområden, även kallat för silo kultur. Eftersom många företag stött på detta hinder i samband med en SVP implementering, återstår det att undersöka SVP-processen i ett företag med funktionella områden (avdelningar) och en komplex planeringsprocess.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att ge en djupare förståelse för hur man hanterar silo kultur utmaningen, för att uppnå en högre SVP-mognadsnivå i en tillverkande industri med en komplex planeringsprocess.  Metod: För att uppnå syftet med studien genomförde författarna en djup empirisk fallstudie i ett kundorderstyrt företag. Data samlades in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med anställda som tillhör de avdelningar som är involverade i SVP-processen, och genom en enkät som användes för att identifiera organisationskulturen. Dessutom genomfördes en syntes av befintliga SVP-ramverk för att identifiera den mest lämpliga SVP-mognadsmodellen för att bedöma mognadsnivån.  Resultat: Resultaten visade på att inga skriftliga regler eller riktlinjer reglerar organisationsaktiviteterna, men att ett organisationsschema och ett fåtal arbetsbeskrivningar existerar. Det totala arbetet är uppdelat mellan olika avdelningar, vilket resulterar i en funktionell organisationsdesign. Resultaten avslöjade även att de avdelningar som står inför utbud och efterfrågan har olika mål på grund av sin funktionella specialisering och att det inte finns några gemensamma mål mellan avdelningarna. Dessutom visade resultaten att den nuvarande organisationskulturen uppfattas som annorlunda mellan avdelningarna. SVP-diagnosen avslöjade att SVP-mognadsnivån var låg på de flesta dimensioner förutom IT-dimensionen. Vidare avslöjar resultatet bristen på en gemensam förståelse för SVP-processen mellan de olika avdelningarna.  Slutsatser: Huvudresultaten för att hantera silo kulturen för att uppnå en högre SVP-mognadsnivå var att: (1) ha en organisationsdesign som främjar tvärfunktionella anpassningar, (2) fokusera på människorna genom att säkerställa att SVP-processen är fullt förstådd, (3) definiera tydliga arbetsroller och arbetsbeskrivningar, (4) ange mål för varje avdelning och inför gemensamma mål tillsammans med gemensamma mätvärden för alla avdelningar, (5) inför en stark organisationskultur som präglas av gemensamma värderingar och övertygelser och (6) erhåll en tydlig beslutsprocess tillsammans med att gå mot en decentralisering inom vissa områden.

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In the ceramics industry are becoming more predominantly inorganic nature pigments. Studies in this area allow you to develop pigments with more advanced properties and qualities to be used in the industrial context. Studies on synthesis and characterization of cobalt aluminate has been widely researched, cobalt aluminate behavior at different temperatures of calcinations, highlighting especially the temperatures of 700, 800 and 900? C that served as a basis in the development of this study, using the method of polymerization of complex (CPM), economic, and this method applied in ceramic pigment synthesis. The procedure was developed from a fractional factorial design 2 (5-2) in order to optimize the process of realization of the cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4), having as response surfaces the batch analysis data of Uv-vis spectroscopy conducted from the statistic software 7.0, for this were chosen five factors as input variables: citric acid (stoichiometric manner), puff or pyrolysis time (h), temperature (? C), and calcinations (? C/min), at levels determined for this study. By applying statistics in the process of obtaining the CoAl2O4 is possible the study of these factors and which may have greater influence in getting the synthesis. The pigments characterized TG/DSC analyses, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDS) in order to establish the structural and morphological aspects of pigment CoAl2O4, among the factors studied it were found to statically with increasing calcinations temperature 700?< 800 <900 ?C, the bands of Uv-vis decrease with increasing intensity of absorbance and that with increasing time of puff or pyrolysis (h) there is an increase in bands of Uv-vis proportionally, the generated model set for the conditions proposed in this study because the coefficient of determination can explain about 99.9% of the variance (R?), response surfaces generated were satisfactory, so it s possible applicability in the ceramics industry of pigments
Na ind?stria cer?mica utilizam-se cada vez mais pigmentos de natureza predominantemente inorg?nica. Os estudos nessa ?rea permitem desenvolver pigmentos com qualidades e propriedades mais avan?adas para serem empregados em ?mbito industrial. Estudos de s?ntese e caracteriza??o do aluminato de cobalto t?m sido amplamente pesquisados, o comportamento do aluminato de cobalto em diferentes temperaturas de calcina??es, destacando principalmente as temperaturas de 700, 800 e 900?C utilizando o m?todo de polimeriza??o de complexos (MPC), m?todo este, econ?mico e aplicado em s?ntese de pigmentos cer?micos. O procedimento foi desenvolvido a partir de um planejamento fatorial fracionado 2(5-2) com o objetivo de otimizar o processo de realiza??o do aluminato de cobalto (CoAl2O4), tendo como superf?cies de respostas os dados da an?lise de espectroscopia do Uv-vis realizados a partir do software statistic 7.0, para isso, foram escolhidos cinco fatores como vari?veis de entrada: concentra??es de ?cido c?trico (de maneira estequiom?trica), tempo de puff ou pir?lise (h), temperatura (?C), tempo e taxas de calcina??es(?C/min), em patamares determinados para este estudo. Atrav?s da aplica??o estat?stica no processo de obten??o do CoAl2O4 foi poss?vel estudar entre estes fatores quais possam ter maior influ?ncia na obten??o da s?ntese. Os p?s-precursores foram caracterizados pelas an?lises termogravim?tricas TG/DSC, e os p?s-calcinados (pigmentantes) foram analisados pela difra??o de raios- x (DRX) e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura com energia dispersiva (MEV/EDS) a fim de comprovar os aspectos estruturais e morfol?gicos do CoAl2O4, entre os fatores estudados estaticamente verificou-se que com o aumento da temperatura de calcina??o 700<800<900?C, as bandas do Uv-vis diminuem com o aumento da intensidade da absorb?ncia e que com o aumento do tempo de puff ou pir?lise (h) h? um aumento das bandas do Uv-vis proporcionalmente, o modelo gerado ajustou-se para as condi??es propostas neste estudo, pois o coeficiente de determina??o consegue explicar cerca de 99,9%, da vari?ncia (R?), as superf?cies de respostas geradas foram satisfat?rias, sendo assim sua poss?vel aplicabilidade na ind?stria cer?mica de pigmentos

Ce mémoire porte sur l'automatisation de la fonction de préparation a la fabrication permettant de passer de la conception des pièces brutes forgées à la définition et la fabrication des outillages. Notre apport se traduit principalement par la construction d'un modèle de représentation d'outillages qui établit le lien entre les différentes fonctions de production, et l'élaboration d'une méthode originale de génération du processus d'usinage des outillages. Nous proposons un modèle de representation d'outillages, permettant la conceptualisation des données de définition d'ordre géométrique et technologique suivant les aspects sémantiques, structurels et topologiques. Du point de vue des deux premiers aspects, la conceptualisation des données nous a permis de définir quatre éléments génériques (entité complexe, macro-entité, primitive et méta-primitive) qui servent de base a la représentation d'outillages. De plus, nous proposons une description formelle des interférences géométriques entre les éléments permettant de représenter à la fois les topologies locales et globales. Notre méthode de génération du processus d'usinage des outillages est basée sur la notion d'état d'usinage qui s'appuie à la fois sur les informations définies dans le modèle de représentation d'outillages et sur des connaissances d'usinage traduisant le savoir-faire des outilleurs. A cet effet, nous présentons une formalisation pertinente des connaissances d'usinage a partir de laquelle sont construits les états. Pour cette construction, nous avons adopte une démarche semi-ascendante de génération d'états d'usinage. La spécification de ces états, ainsi que la définition et l'ordonnancement des séquences d'usinage correspondantes conduisent à l'élaboration d'une gamme d'usinage des outillages. Enfin, nous validons notre approche sur un exemple industriel. La maquette informatique développée permet d'implémenter les taches de génération de gamme et d'unifier l'ensemble des données de représentation d'outillages dans un modèle objet homogène pour une exploitation pertinente et cohérente des liens existant entre ces données

碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
92
Rapid development of high tech industry causes the demand of high tech personnel in the world become more and more bigger. Therefore the demand and supply problem of high tech personnel also become more and more serious. So human resource planning of high tech personnel turns into a very important issue. However, due to the change of the war form caused by the advancement of science and technology, high tech personnel play a very important role not only in the general industries, but also in the national defense. But the training of national defense high tech personnel includes the both military and civil side. Hence，this study will discuss the relationship between civil high tech personnel and national defense demand. This study mainly studies the manpower planning of civil high tech personnel for national defense, and tries to build up the equivalent transformation model, supply and demand model and dynamic supply model. 1. Equivalent transformation model: Because there is no direct corresponding relationship between civil high tech specialties and national defense technologies, so we need to build up a transformation matrix. And then we can transform the civil high tech personnel supply into nation defense technical equivalents. 2. Supply and demand model: We use the network model to build up a national defense high tech personnel supply and demand model. So we can realize the relationship between civil high tech specialties and national defense technologies clearly. 3. Dynamic supply model: We use the Markov process to build up a dynamic supply model. So we can realize the effect which the movement of personnel affect the final fighting capacity. And this model can provide some information about the training of national defense high tech personnel. Finally, we provide some suggestion about if we want to implement this three model actually in the future. 1. To build up a more complete database of civil high tech personnel. 2. With some professional comments, to build a more complete equivalent transformation model. 3. To consider some possibility that the Markov transition matrix will be affected by some fact. 4. To estimate the national defense demand more accurately. 5. To do a more precise manpower planning, and to realize the supply and demand situation. 6. To do the sensitive analysis, and provide some information of decision. 7. To do some evaluation, and consider the reallocation of the national defense resources.

The Greater Vancouver Region is in an era of growth, fundamental change, and reexamination of regional and local quality of life. Within this context, the complete community policies of the Livable Region Strategic Plan have been developed to help achieve a region where human community flourishes within the built and natural environment. At the same time as these policies respond to change, they also demand significant alterations to community and regional priorities and practices. Accepting and pursuing complete community objectives of compactness, diversity and choice in existing suburban communities represents particular challenges. While regional policy reflects a general appreciation of this fact, understanding these challenges from a local perspective is essential to successfully weaving complete community goals into the existing regional fabric, and is the problem addressed by this thesis. Through both a literature review and case study approach, the research sought to identify the factors which support and constrain progress towards more complete communities through local planning in established neighbourhoods. The thesis focuses on the case study of the Lynn Valley community planning process in order to explore how the local perspective might modify inherently regional complete community goals and expectations. The study concludes that achieving a balance between regional goals and local interests is most critical in the Greater Vancouver metropolitan setting. The Lynn Valley case suggests that factors affecting community planning outlined in the literature are realistic and valid in practice. It further suggests that the prospects for achieving complete communities in established neighbourhoods will be influenced by local perspectives on: growth, change, aging in place, and a spirit of fairness in accepting change among local communities. The complete community vision resonates at the local level. Complete community objectives and strategies may be accepted locally to the degree they are seen as a means to achieve community aspirations and improve the quality of life of residents over their life cycle.

A recente institucionalização do planejamento no setor público brasileiro levou-nos a procurar compreender como são criadas as estratégias nesse setor, a partir do referencial da estratégia como prática (SAP) e da teoria institucional. Parece existir uma forte preponderância do isomorfismo normativo na utilização das principais ferramentas de planejamento balizando toda a indústria da estratégia, as práticas internas de planejamento dos órgãos de governo e a própria formação de gestores públicos, que estão cada vez mais instrumentalizados pelas mesmas ferramentas. A análise documental demonstra que essa normatização foi resultado de vários movimentos de incentivo ao planejamento, dentro do Governo Federal. Esse contexto faz com que o setor público brasileiro, em especial a administração federal, esteja no seu ápice histórico de elaboração de planos estratégicos. Esse processo tem reflexo em todas as esferas de governo e setores. Com o estudo de caso numa empresa de saneamento, constatou-se que o mimetismo tem pouca influência na decisão de se planejar e que as ferramentas, mesmo sob forte influência normativa nos rituais de planejamento, interferem pouco na estratégia formulada, tendo um papel importante em sua formalização. Ficou evidenciado, ainda, que as estratégias são constituídas no dia a dia organizacional (strategizing) pelos praticantes das mesmas. Assim, verifica-se a necessidade de se repensar o objeto/momento dos estudos baseados na SAP, que não podem se restringir aos ritos formais de planejamento, que respondem mais à formalização da estratégia que à sua formulação. Nesse sentido, estudos etnográficos são essenciais para se avançar nesse campo.
The recent institutionalization of strategic planning in the Brazilian public sector led us to research how the strategy is created in this sector, according to Strategy As Practice (SAP) and institutional theory frameworks. There seems to be a primacy of normative isomorphism in selecting planning tools, which marks the entire strategy industry, such as internal planning practices of governing bodies and the training of public managers, which are increasingly equipped with those practices. The documental analysis showed that this standardization is a result of various incentive movements towards planning within the federal government. This scenario leads to believe that the Brazilian public sector, especially the federal administration, is living a strategic plan ́s historical peak. This process is reflected in all levels of government and sectors. With the case study, in the sanitation company, it was found that mimetic isomorphism has little influence over the decision to plan. Furthermore, evidences reveals that, even under strong normative influence in planning rituals, tools used rather having interference at the final formulated strategy, had an important role in formalization. The present study also evidenced that strategy practitioners are the key players on establishing the strategy during the organization day-to-day. Thus, it is necessary to reconsider the object of the SAP-based studies, that cannot be restricted to the formal planning rites, which answers more to the formalization of the strategy than to its formulation. In this context the use of different kind of approaches, like ethnography studies, is essential to move forward in this field

The dissertation is focused on changes in an attitude and initiative students at secondary special school with gastronomy orientation to study special subjects after realization a creative project: "Welcome Day - Day of Open Door - Halloween." The target group are students of Secondary School and College for Tourist Industry in České Budějovice. The dissertation is divided into fifth chapters. I the first two chapters different opinions of experts in teaching methods, classical and alternative methods of education and teaching, teachers competence and authority participation, experimental education are compared. The thirds chapter contains proposals for topics of project learning in schools with gastronomy orientation. There is an enumeration of folk traditions and their connection with the culture and gastronomy. The fourth chapter describes the project realization in Secondary School and College for Tourist Industry in České Budějovice. The fifth chapter contains the research targets, the research methods and interpretation of research results. The target of the dissertation is questionnaire comparison of students' attitudes after realization the project learning. The research assumptions are that students appreciate extension special subjects of folk traditions and do not reject to participation in the pro?ject realization.