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IQBAL, NADEEM, AMJAD AMIN und DANISH WADOOD ALAM. „Determinants of Price Rigidity and Flexibility: Some Survey Evidence for the Pakistan.“ International Review of Management and Business Research 9, Nr. 4 (07.12.2020): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-26.
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The objective of the study is to estimate the determinants of price stickiness or flexibility. Data is collected through structured questionnaire from 342 firms, which are selected through stratified random sampling technique from the Industrial Estate of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To estimate the determinants of price flexibility/rigidity, models are estimated through ordinary least squares technique and binary logistic technique. The most important factors for price stickiness are implicit/explicit price contracts and minimum price volatility. Imperfect competitive market structure, number of regular customers, backward-looking behavior, and credibility of central bank and size of the firm are important determinants of price rigidity. While economic literacy and information set regarding expected inflation make the prices flexible. Study recommend that monetary policy of Pakistan should use other transmission channels of money supply instead of traditional channel, because it is found that the degree of price rigidity is low in Pakistan. Keywords: Price Rigidity, Price Flexibility, Price Contract, Frequency of Price Change.
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IQBAL, NADEEM, AMJAD AMIN und DANISH WADOOD ALAM. „Determinants of Price Rigidity and Flexibility: Some Survey Evidence for the Pakistan.“ International Review of Management and Business Research 9, Nr. 4 (07.12.2020): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-26.
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The objective of the study is to estimate the determinants of price stickiness or flexibility. Data is collected through structured questionnaire from 342 firms, which are selected through stratified random sampling technique from the Industrial Estate of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To estimate the determinants of price flexibility/rigidity, models are estimated through ordinary least squares technique and binary logistic technique. The most important factors for price stickiness are implicit/explicit price contracts and minimum price volatility. Imperfect competitive market structure, number of regular customers, backward-looking behavior, and credibility of central bank and size of the firm are important determinants of price rigidity. While economic literacy and information set regarding expected inflation make the prices flexible. Study recommend that monetary policy of Pakistan should use other transmission channels of money supply instead of traditional channel, because it is found that the degree of price rigidity is low in Pakistan. Keywords: Price Rigidity, Price Flexibility, Price Contract, Frequency of Price Change.
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Nadeem Iqbal, Amjad Amin und Danish Wadood Alam. „The Determinants of Price Change: Evidence from a Survey of Firms“. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 6, Nr. 4 (04.12.2020): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v6i4.1460.
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Price stability are important for macroeconomic stability, especially for the economies, which are facing macroeconomic instability. Contractionary monetary policy can play an important role in minimizing the frequency of price change, so for effective monetary policy, it is necessary to identify the determinants of price setting behaviour. The objective of the study is to determine the patterns of price setting of firms and responses of firms to economic shocks, i.e. changes in demand and supply side factors, the role of firm characteristics, institutional and other factors in determining the channel of adjustment after these shocks. The data is collected through stratified frandom samplling from 342 firms, located in four Industrial estates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Price setting behavior is measured through importance of demand and cost shocks for price change. To estimate the effects of determinants of price change, models are estimated through logistic technique. Firms’ likelihood of price increases higher than that to price decrease in response to both demand and supply shocks. Furthermore, supply-side factors lead to higher frequency of price change than demand-side factors do. The cost of raw material and cost of energy are the most important causes of price change, both for the price increase and decrease. Demand and cost shocks are important determinants of price change for imperfectly competitive firms, backward-looking firms, firms run by managers having more information about economic conditions, while credibility of central bank is important determinant of price change in case of demand shocks only. Size of firms and information set regarding expected inflation do not have any effect. For effective monetary policy of Pakistan, credibility of central bank has to be established to stabilize prices and pre-emptive measures should be taken on the part of central bank to counter supply shocks.
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Edwinarto, Dominicus, Muhtosim Arief, Firdaus Alamsjah und Pantri Heriyati. „Customer Loyalty and its Influence on Price Wars’ Intensity in the Indonesian Lighting Industry“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3.30 (24.08.2018): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18430.
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Several aspects of consumer behavior can increase the likelihood of price conflicts where organizations are subsequently influenced to engage in price wars. As the main aspect of business activities relates to the success of financial transactions, customer loyalty and price sensitivity becomes a decisive factor that defines market characteristics in the long run. Using quantitative survey data from respondents in the Indonesian lighting industry, this research is aimed to generate an understanding of how practitioners view their customer’s characteristics in relation to competitive interaction. The study found that within the context of competition, firms regard loyalty and sensitivity to be influenced by sufficient acceptance of price positioning strategies.
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Edwinarto, Dominicus. „Imperfect monitoring, cyclical, and learning model perspectives: Price war in the Indonesian lighting industry“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 2.29 (22.05.2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.13323.
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In marketing terms, the phenomenon of price war is regarded as the result of over-competition and retaliatory reaction in order to win market share. Based on the available literature, three refined models of price war antecedents has been identified: the imperfect monitoring model, the cyclical model, and the learning model. This article was written as part of a recent empirical observation of four Indonesian lighting companies who consider themselves to be currently engaged in price war. Based on the proposition made earlier by Heil and Helsen (2001), this study was prepared as a qualitative survey using an open-ended questionnaire method. The study found that price war is a result of competitive interaction in periods where demands are declining and induced by intra-brand competition. In conclusion, propositions to manage activities in conditions of price war are presented.
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Machmud, Amir, und Asnul Dahar Bin Minghat. „The Price Dynamics of Hand Sanitizers for COVID-19 in Indonesia: Exponential and Cobweb Forms“. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 5, Nr. 2 (06.05.2020): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v5i2.24431.
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This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in handsanitizer prices in Indonesia. This study is motivated by the increasing demand for handsanitizers which has had an impact on price ratings. The method used is an explanatory survey with an exponential form approach for the demand function and Linear Cobweb Form for the supply function. The structure of the hand sanitizer market is assumed to be a perfectly competitive market. The results of the study indicate that despite changes in prices, the numerical analysis shows that prices are stable. The entry and exit of companies in the market does not affect price stability. This finding implies that after the pandemic the prices of handsanitizers will return to normal, so producers and consumers must remain rational.
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Kaliszewski, Adam, Arkadiusz Kozłowski, Janusz Dąbrowski und Hanna Klimek. „Container terminals competitive factors – results of an international survey“. SHS Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185801014.
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Container terminals require continuous benchmarking of competitiveness factors. This paper discusses factors of competitiveness with a main focus on feeder and mixed terminals (in which both feeder and transshipment services are provided). Method statement includes an economic literature review with respect to competitiveness factors and a container port expert survey process to achieve a list of most important factors among global container port operators. Experts were selected from different countries and private container terminals. A questionnaire was developed and sent online to them. Questions required both a ranking of factors as well as assigning monetary values to critical variables. Responses were analyzed using a pre-established strategy. Overall, experts ranked first the role of market related competitiveness factors related to service quality, price level and adaptability to the changing market environment. Intermodal links and general hinterland connections factors were more often mentioned than factors relating to nautical accessibility or other factors. Both assignment of monetary values as well as ranking have produced mutually coherent results. The paper does not claim to be definitive; it aims to provide an update of competitive factors hierarchy and highlights issues for further port development.
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Zanella, Fernando, und Peter Oyelere. „Competitive environment and corporate constructs of price and costs in the UAE“. Corporate Ownership and Control 17, Nr. 4 (2020): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv17i4art11.
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Target costing is a cross-disciplinary subject with several unexplored academic dimensions besides having applied business practices and economic policy implications. In this paper, we use a unique combination of mixed methods research approach to investigate the adoption of target costing by manufacturing firms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The first employed method is the new Dumitrescu-Hurlin (D-H) Granger non-causality test for heterogeneous panel data, while the second is a survey. The D-H test with annual data indicates the adoption of target costing by the publicly listed manufacturing firms. When using quarterly data, but with a smaller sample of firms, the results show bi causality between costs and sales revenues; thus target costing is possibly corroborated but within a feedback mechanism. Survey results, based on self-reported data and again on a smaller sample, show mixed results. The relationship between target costing and the intensity of competition seems moderately corroborated by the survey results. This paper contributes to the literature by employing a unique mixed methods research approach, to the best of our knowledge not found previously in the literature, and by its findings on the adoption of target costing by manufacturing firms in a relatively open and dynamic economy such as the UAE.
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Bojnec, Š., und D. Papler. „Efficient energy use and renewable sources of energy in Slovenia: a survey of public perception“. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 10 (17.10.2011): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/83/2010-agricecon.
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This paper presents unique survey results with opinions on the competitive supply and efficient energy use, sources of energy and renewable sources of energy. The multivariate factor analysis with three common factors confirms the significance of the price competitive supply of energy, energy costs for the economy, and the sustainable energy supply development and ecological perception in the energy use. Among renewable sources of energy, significance is given to the solar, hydro, biogas, and biomass energy, where the energy use and the renewable energy production in agriculture can play a greater role. Education and promotion activities are expressed as important for strengthening the knowledge, awareness, and social responsibility of the sustainable energy development and the use of renewable sources of energy.
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Indounas, Kostis. „New B2B product pricing“. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, Nr. 11 (13.04.2020): 1861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2019-0187.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics that lead to the adoption of the three new business-to-business (B2B) product pricing strategies, namely, skimming pricing (i.e. a high initial price), penetration pricing (i.e. a low initial price) and pricing similar to competitive prices. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the study’s research objectives, data were collected through a mail survey from 116 B2B firms, operating in four different sectors. Findings The adoption of skimming pricing and penetration pricing is triggered by company-related factors that are associated with the company’s corporate and marketing strategy and the product characteristics, while the adoption of pricing similar to competitive prices is influenced by market-related factors that are associated with customers’ and competitors’ characteristics. Practical implications The above findings indicate that the managers responsible for setting prices for new B2B products should follow a “situation-specific approach” and be guided by the unique characteristics of their internal and external environment. Originality/value Its contribution lies on the fact that, building upon quests within the existing literature, it constitutes one of the first attempts to examine empirically the aforementioned issue.
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Cinquetti, Carlos A. „Comparative Advantages and Demand in the New Competitive Ricardian Models“. Foreign Trade Review 53, Nr. 1 (30.08.2017): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732516681884.
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We survey the new Ricardian models of bilateral trade, which are seen as tractable structure for multi-country trade models addressing either cost or demand linkages to trade. Cost-based Ricardian models advance new forms of comparative advantages that are irrespective of autarky price and, in some cases, even of opportunity cost. A less noticed feature is their reliance in demand function that does not disturb cost-based prices. Demand-based Ricardian models hinge especially on non-homothetic preferences for asymmetric goods and the supply-side ordering of goods mirrors the demand-side ordering. We also critically discuss extensions of these latter competitive models to trade in quality. We further seek to identify all these models vis-à-vis the Ricardo–Haberler–Deardorff tradition. JEL: F10, 019, D5
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Wellman, M. P., D. M. Reeves, K. M. Lochner und Y. Vorobeychik. „Price Prediction in a Trading Agent Competition“. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 21 (01.01.2004): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1333.
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The 2002 Trading Agent Competition (TAC) presented a challenging market game in the domain of travel shopping. One of the pivotal issues in this domain is uncertainty about hotel prices, which have a significant influence on the relative cost of alternative trip schedules. Thus, virtually all participants employ some method for predicting hotel prices. We survey approaches employed in the tournament, finding that agents apply an interesting diversity of techniques, taking into account differing sources of evidence bearing on prices. Based on data provided by entrants on their agents' actual predictions in the TAC-02 finals and semifinals, we analyze the relative efficacy of these approaches. The results show that taking into account game-specific information about flight prices is a major distinguishing factor. Machine learning methods effectively induce the relationship between flight and hotel prices from game data, and a purely analytical approach based on competitive equilibrium analysis achieves equal accuracy with no historical data. Employing a new measure of prediction quality, we relate absolute accuracy to bottom-line performance in the game.
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Plummer, P., R. Haining und E. Sheppard. „Spatial Pricing in Interdependent Markets: Testing Assumptions and Modeling Price Variation. A Case Study of Gasoline Retailing in St Cloud, Minnesota“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300067.
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In this paper we present an empirical evaluation of assumptions about consumer purchasing behavior for gasoline. Previous research has developed a theoretical model of spatial pricing in oligopolistically competitive markets in which it is hypothesized that retail prices vary because of both consumer price sensitivity and the choice sets available to consumers as well as awareness of prices at competing locations. With the use of household survey data collected from St Cloud, Minnesota we evaluate the plausibility of these assumptions, finding evidence to support the consumer purchasing behavior assumed in the theoretical model. By means of a spatial time series of gasoline price data for the same metropolitan area, we develop an empirical model of spatial price variation that incorporates some of the hypotheses of the original model. The results suggest support for the proposition that spatial price variations depend on the service characteristics of individual retailers and the accessibility or locational advantage of individual gasoline stations within the spatial configuration of the urban market. There also is empirical support for the conjecture that those sites which are more accessible, have larger choice sets, and charge lower prices tend to be those which attract the most sales from other retailers.
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Lee, Eun-Mi, Hyun Jung Lee, Jae-Hyeon Pae und Seong-Yeon Park. „The important role of corporate social responsibility capabilities in improving sustainable competitive advantage“. Social Responsibility Journal 12, Nr. 4 (03.10.2016): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-11-2015-0163.
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Purpose This study examines the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) capabilities on corporate association and, consequently, customer orientation and price premium, which are key to competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach This study adapts survey instrument targeting employees of a Korean firm. A total of 168 usable questionnaires were collected from seven Korean firms that were conducting CSR and public relations (PR) activities. Findings CSR and PR capability induce positive CSR and corporate ability (CA) associations, which improve customer orientation and increase price premium. The results of our empirical study indicate that a company should consider both CSR and PR capabilities to enhance its employees’ positive attitude to its CSR activities and CA association. Research limitations/implications This study has undertaken a holistic examination of important role of CSR and PR capability and their outcomes, namely customer orientation and price premium. Originality/value Understanding of CSR capabilities in terms of competitive advantage is imperative to the establishment of strategic CSR initiatives. This study attempts to answer whether corporate capabilities for social responsiveness improve a company’s competitive advantage.
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Hoa, Ho Thi Thu, Bui Thi Bich Lien, Tran Thi Anh Tam, Nguyen Van Hinh und Le Van Thanh. „Critical Factors of Total Logistics Cost: A Survey of Vietnam-Based Logistics Service Providers“. Research in World Economy 11, Nr. 1 (06.03.2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n1p202.
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Since 1995, the integration of Vietnam into regional and global trade agreements, for example ASEAN, WTO and recent free trade agreements (FTA) with South Korea, Japan, EU has boosted the country’s import export volume tremendously. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) formed in late 2015 creates not only opportunities but also challenges for the Vietnamese economy in general and Vietnam's logistics sector in particular enter internationally. In addition, CPTPP (CPTPP - Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership) and EVFTA (EVFTA- EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement) will contribute to expanding markets and increasing exports to 11 member countries (CPTPP, also known as TPP11) as well as 27 European Union member countries (EU). Especially when joining in the global organizations, the price of goods is always a decisive factor in the issue of competition with members in the organizations and outside the organizations. Countries always want to have products with high value but competitive prices to survive and create profits with those advantages and challenges.Logistics costs are considered as one of the factors causing high product’s price, especially Vietnam's leading import-export products, which contributes to reduce the competitive advantage of Vietnamese products in the international market. Therefore, there have been some previous studies to find out the factors that increase logistics costs in order to find solutions to reduce Vietnam's logistics costs, increase product value and increase competitiveness advantages. Many concerns about improving the logistics efficiency and effectiveness of these commodity chains in Vietnam recently have urged for more in-depth studies and academic researches about this topic. In this paper, we are going to conduct an empirical research about the critical factors on logistics cost by sending out surveys to Vietnam-based logistics service providers to interview. The SPSS software version 20 was used to check the suitability of six critical factors and their 41 elements and apply the dataset to build up the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) model. Besides that, the authors also used in-depth interview method on different research subjects including: cargo owners, logistics service providers and associations for listening their difficulties related to logistics factors and finding out the causes for increasing logistics cost. Base on analyzing critical factors and opinions of enterprises, the authors want to suggest some solutions for decreasing logistics cost in Vietnam.
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Yuan, Wei, Shuying Gong und Yimin Han. „How does rising housing price affect the health of middle-aged and elderly people? The complementary mediators of social status seeking and competitive saving motive“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 12 (15.12.2020): e0243982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243982.
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Under the backdrop of China’s aging population and continuous rising housing price and base on theories pertaining to social status seeking, marriage matching and intergenerational family relationships, use the 2010 and 2014 CFPS national survey micro data, we examine the impact of rising housing price on the health of middle-aged and elderly people and the underlying mechanisms. Rising housing price has a significant negative impact on the health of middle-aged and elderly people, and this effect is also reflected in their physical health, mental acuity and emotional well-being. The internal mechanism is that social status seeking motivation plays a significant mediator role. Through further analysis, we find that competitive saving motive is another intermediate mechanism that causes rising housing price to affect the health of middle-aged and elderly people; it is complementary to the social status seeking motivation. What’s more, the mediation effect of the competitive saving motive is notably heterogeneous, as it exists only for middle-aged and elderly people with male or noncollege educated child but does not exist for those with female or college educated child.
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Kurniawansyah, Deddy. „Model Penentuan Harga Jual dengan Metode Time Driven Activity Based Costing Pada UMKM ”Sale Pisang” di Kabupaten Banyuwangi“. Berkala Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 6, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/baki.v6i1.25312.
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The purpose of this study to examine (1) how the stages of the production process for “Sale Pisang Product’ that affects the determination of the selling price of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Banyuwangi? (2) How is the selling price computing model "Banana Sale Products" able to determine a competitive selling price for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Banyuwangi?. This Study used survey, qualitative exploratory and action. The analysis data used triangulation method. The results obtained in this studi is the process of computing the production cost of “Sale Pisang Product” still uses a traditional method, so that the resulting product cost is distorted and the selling price becomes uncompetitive. In fact, the product cost compute model using Time Driven Activity Based Costing provides more accurate and informative information for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises actors in making decisions such as determining the selling price. The Time Driven Activity Based Costing method is able to reduce costs and increase the net income of each “sale pisang” variant. The contribution of this study is expected to create competitive selling price of “Sale Pisang Product” and improve the economic competitiveness of Kab. Banyuwangi is more dynamic based on the potential of natural resources and local wisdom.
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Asnawi, Robet, und Made Jana Mejaya. „Analisis Keunggulan Kompetitif Ubikayu terhadap Jagung dan Kedelai di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah“. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan 35, Nr. 3 (26.12.2016): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v35n3.2016.p209-215.
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Cassava is a major food crops which widely developed in Lampung province, it caused high adaptability, easily cultivated, smallest risk of failure, and high price. The study was objective to analyze competitive advantage of casava farming system compared to maize and soybean farming system. The activity were conducted at Central Lampung regency from April 2012 to February 2013. The primary data were obtained from respondents with sample of 90 farmers, using survey methods with structured interviews and questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from the office of relevant agencies and BPS Lampung. Data analysis were financial analysis and competitive advantage analysis. The results showed that cassava farming more profitable than maize and soybean farming system income Rp.21.109.000/ha and R/C of 2,91 compared to corn farming income Rp.15.935.000 and R/C of 2,01 and soybean farming income Rp.5.187.800/ha and R/C of 1,48. Cassava farming system will be competitive compared corn and soybeans farming on the productivity levels at least 34.567 kg/ha and 20,788 kg/ha and cassava price at least IDR 654/kg and IDR 394/kg.
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Ntakyo, Proscovia Renzaho, und Marrit Van den Berg. „Smallholder Food Marketing Behaviour“. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 12, Nr. 1-2 (02.05.2018): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2018/1-2/10.
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Many farmers in Africa sell their produce at low prices immediately after harvest because they need cash. They could solve temporary liquidity constraints by use of credit and store their produce to sell when prices are high. However, due to various reasons such many poor farmers have been excluded from formal financial services. In response, the informal financial market has expanded, but the question why informal credit has not facilitated storage to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities remains largely unanswered. To answer this question, we investigate the role of informal credit markets and traders in stabilizing seasonal food crop prices. Our analysis is based on a household survey data, and in-depth interviews with key players in the informal credit market and grain traders in rural southwestern Uganda. We find that community-based self-help savings and credit associations provide credit for the majority (62%) of farmers. Informal credit still excludes the very poor and is not sufficient to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities. Thus, poor farmers continue to ‘sell low and buy high’. The study also addresses a related fundamental aspect of food marketing: why is there no competition between traders bidding up prices after harvest and eliminating seasonal price fluctuations? We analyse traders’ costs and profit structure in the study area, and shed some light on imperfections in the grain market and the barriers that limit competition between traders. We find that grain trade is not highly competitive. High transaction costs and limited access to credit are the main barriers limiting competition. Supporting community-based self-help savings and credit associations to raise their portfolio can enable more farmers to borrow at the same time. Investing in infrastructure, organising and supporting small scale farmers to bulk their produce might lower transaction costs, promote competition and dampen price fluctuations.
JEL Classification: D53, O13, O16, Q12, Q13
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Lerro, Marco, Riccardo Vecchio, Concetta Nazzaro und Eugenio Pomarici. „The growing (good) bubbles: insights into US consumers of sparkling wine“. British Food Journal 122, Nr. 8 (10.09.2019): 2371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2019-0139.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate sparkling wine consumption behavior and preferences of a large sample of US consumers (n=1,096) exploring the differences among genders and generational cohorts. Design/methodology/approach The sample has been drawn from Wine opinions, a specialized market research company with a large online panel of US wine consumers. Data were collected through a survey mailing model, administering a structured questionnaire. Findings Findings reveal that consumption frequency between genders is not statistically different and women generally prefer sparkling wines priced below $15. Baby Boomers is the generation with the lowest sparkling wine consumption frequency. Furthermore, Generation X and Baby Boomers have the highest consumption frequency in the price range $15–$19.99, while Millennials in the $10–$14.99 one. Originality/value The study sheds light on the changing consumer attitudes to create competitive advantages for wineries. Specifically, it provides valuable marketing insights into the peculiarities of sparkling wine consumption for each generation (e.g. price-point preferences and type of wine).
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Yang, William. „Economic Feasibility Study of DES/CCHP in Different Regions of China“. Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (Dezember 2012): 1374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1374.
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Recently China issued a series of policies that benefit the development of DES/CCHP. We are confident that DES/CCHP fueled by natural gas will boom in recent decades. Operation cost is the key factor that decides if a project will succeed. This paper analyzed three factors that influence the cost of DES/CCHP project: annual running time; comprehensive energy efficiency and the price of natural gas and electricity, reaching the conclusion that the price of natural gas and electricity is the determinant factor to a DES/CCHP project and gas-electricity price ratio is a comprehensive index that indicates the economic expectation of a DES/CCHP project. Considering that no survey has been conducted about the gas and electricity price distributions in China, we collected price data of natural gas and electricity, and got the conclusion that DES/CCHP is more competitive in Northwest region of China, especially Xinjiang, Ningxia.
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Longoni, Annachiara, und Raffaella Cagliano. „Environmental and social sustainability priorities“. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35, Nr. 2 (02.02.2015): 216–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-04-2013-0182.
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Purpose – Environmental and social sustainability are becoming key competitive priorities for companies, but the way in which they are integrated in operations strategies remains an open issue. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether established operations strategy configuration models (i.e. price-oriented, market-oriented and capability-oriented models) are modified to include environmental and social priorities and whether different operations strategy configuration models are equally successful in the short and long term. Design/methodology/approach – Analyses were performed using data from the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (2009), including companies in the assembly industry in 21 different countries. According to previous studies, cluster analysis of competitive priorities and ANOVA analysis of the business strategy and short- and long-term performance were performed. Findings – The results show that traditional operations strategy configuration models are slightly modified. Market-oriented and capability-oriented operations strategies are complemented by environmental and social sustainability priorities. These operations strategies are adopted by companies with a differentiation and innovation business strategy. Moreover, capability-oriented companies, which are the most committed to environmental and social sustainability, perform better in both the short and long term. Practical implications – This research shows to companies that traditional operations strategies focusing on specific competitive priorities (e.g. low price) are being replaced by more holistic strategies that include sustainability priorities. However, environmental and social priorities contribute to competitive advantage when complementing capability-oriented operations strategies. Originality/value – This paper extends operations strategy configuration models highlighting how environmental and social sustainability priorities can be deployed together with traditional competitive operations priorities.
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Barbier, Liese, Steven Simoens, Caroline Soontjens, Barbara Claus, Arnold G. Vulto und Isabelle Huys. „Off-Patent Biologicals and Biosimilars Tendering in Europe—A Proposal towards More Sustainable Practices“. Pharmaceuticals 14, Nr. 6 (24.05.2021): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060499.
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Background: In Europe, off-patent biologicals and biosimilars are largely procured by means of tender procedures. The organization and design of tenders may play a key role in the evolving biosimilar market, and currently, it is not fully elucidated how tenders for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars are designed and if approaches are aligned with sustaining market competition and societal savings for healthcare systems over the long term. This study aims to (i) explore the design and implementation of tender procedures for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars in Europe, (ii) identify learnings for sustainable tender approaches from purchasers and suppliers, and (iii) formulate recommendations in support of competitive and sustainable tender practices in the off-patent biologicals market. Methods: A mixed methods design was applied. A quantitative web-survey was conducted with hospital pharmacists and purchasers (N = 60, of which 47 completed the survey in full), and qualitative expert-interviews with purchasers and suppliers (N = 28) were carried out. Results: The web survey results showed that the organization and design of tenders for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars, and the experience of hospital pharmacists and purchasers with this, considerably varies on several elements across European countries. From the qualitative interviews, signals emerged across the board that some of the current tender approaches might negatively affect market dynamics for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars. The focus on generating short-term savings and existence of originator favouring tender practices were identified as elements that may limit timely competition from and market opportunity for biosimilar suppliers. The need to optimize tender processes, considering a more long-term strategic and sustainable view, was expressed. In addition, challenges appear to exist with differentiating between products beyond price, showing the need and opportunity to guide stakeholders with the (appropriate) inclusion of award criteria beyond price. Due to the variety in tender organization in Europe, a ‘one size fits all’ tendering framework is not possible. However, on an overarching level, it was argued that tender procedures must aim to (i) ensure market plurality and (ii) include award criteria beyond price (warranted that criteria are objectively and transparently defined, scored and competitively rewarded). Depending on the market (maturity), additional actions may be needed. Conclusions: Findings suggest the need to adjust tender procedures for off-patent biologicals and biosimilars, considering a more long-term strategic and market sustainable view. Five main avenues for optimization were identified: (i) safeguarding a transparent, equal opportunity setting for all suppliers with an appropriate use of award criteria; (ii) fostering a timely opening of tender procedures, ensuring on-set competition; (iii) ensuring and stimulating adherence to laws on public procurement; (iv) securing an efficient process, improving plannability and ensuring timely product supply and (v) safeguarding long-term sustainable competition by stimulating market plurality.
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Adelekan, Adedeji Saidi. „Islamic Financing Effects on Small Medium Enterprises Competitiveness“. Journal of Islamic Economic and Business Research 1, Nr. 1 (14.06.2021): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jiebr.v1i1.11753.
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Islamic financing has been identified as an alternative to conventional financial services. However, the extent to which the Islamic financing model could drive small and medium enterprises' (SMEs) competitiveness has been a significant concern in the existing literature. Hence, this study investigates the impact of Islamic financing on SMEs' competitiveness.Adopting the survey research design, the study investigated 400 SME owners/managers in the Southern part of Nigeria. The study employed the ordinary least square regression in the analysis of data. The result establishes that Islamic finance is a significant driver of SMEs' competitiveness. The results specifically reveal that Islamic finance is critical in driving product price, customer experience, and quality of products. The practical implication of Islamic finance may reduce its operational cost since it comes at a no-interest rate while giving room for more innovative prices and customer-centric products at competitive prices. SMEs are to leverage on the opportunities provided by Islamic finance for them to adopt sustainable business practices
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Kotturu, Chandra Mouli V. V., und Biswajit Mahanty. „Determinants of SME integration into global value chains“. Journal of Advances in Management Research 14, Nr. 3 (07.08.2017): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-02-2017-0013.
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Purpose In recent years, due to intense competition, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are unable to meet performance expectations and find difficulty in fulfilling the needs of the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Consequently, the growth of the SMEs has slowed down considerably. Constrained by their infrastructural resources, SMEs’ participation in global value chains (GVCs) has the potential to bring significant benefits, such as enhancing technological learning and innovation and generating positive contributions to the development of the SMEs. The purpose of this paper is to explore competitive priorities, key factors, and causal relationships influencing SMEs to enter GVCs. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the GVC framework is adopted and qualitative feedback loop analysis is used to identify the key factors influencing the competitive factors. A questionnaire survey was carried out with the automotive component manufacturers of a transnational corporation in India. Findings The survey in the automotive component manufacturing industry reveals product quality standards as the most important priority for joining global production networks, followed by price competitiveness, timely delivery, innovativeness, manufacturing flexibility, service, and dependability. The qualitative findings reveal continuous personnel training, capacity expansion, research development, and others as key factors influencing competitiveness. Practical implications To retain SMEs’ role in economic development and to accelerate the growth of global production networks in India, thereby realizing opportunities from the emerging GVCs, support is needed for SMEs regarding the aspects identified in this study. Originality/value The study explores the dynamics of each competitive priority of SMEs in Indian automotive component manufacturing industry to enter the GVCs. No study has explored the dynamics of SMEs competitiveness to enter GVCs in the automotive manufacturing industry.
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Septiano, Renil, und Laynita Sari. „DETERMINATION OF CONSUMER LOYALTY THROUGH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION“. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting 1, Nr. 5 (01.12.2020): 865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v1i5.622.
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Customer satisfaction causes customers to be loyal so that the company can maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to determine the impact of brand image, price perception, perceived value on consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction at Rayhan Toko Muslim in the city of Padang. The research method used is associative, with descriptive and verification data disclosure. The population is the consumer of Rayhan Toko Muslim in the city of Padang. Data collection through a survey of 203 respondents. The analysis technique used is path analysis. The results showed that: brand image, perceived price, perceived value, and customer satisfaction had a significant effect on consumer loyalty. All of them have an influence in a positive direction, except for the price perception variable. The management of Rayhan Toko Muslim, pay attention to things that can increase customer loyalty, so that business continuity can be maintained.
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Zidan, Ahmed, Ahmed Mousa und Mohamed Mahgoub. „A Survey-Based Vision for Restructuring Concrete Business in the New Residential Communities in Egypt“. Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 1, Nr. 2 (01.11.2013): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2013v1i2.pp162-172.
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Due to its evolving technology and dynamic nature, a sizeable segment of the world’s construction market that used to partly rely on traditional site-mixed concrete (SMC) had almost completely shifted to ready-mixed concrete (RMC) several decades ago in the developed countries. Likewise, this targeted trend has been observed in developing countries. The Egyptian residential sector has also adopted some corrective changes in this direction in the last decade. Nevertheless, the vast majority of builders in the Egyptian market have continued to oppose to this global paradigm shift. The observed “cultural” resistance to change seems to be chiefly driven by the difference in the unit price of SMC and RMC, overlooking the latter’s superior characteristics and its added values that fundamentally overweigh this apparent difference in cost.This study aims at promoting the use of RMC over SMC for construction of new residential communities in Egypt. Proper business measures need to be implemented for the desired change in the culture of concrete market. A mixed (qualitative and quantitative) approach was used in this survey. A customized survey, comprised of a series of interviews with consultants/contractors in the field and a detailed questionnaire targeting practitioners (developers, contractors and end users), was conducted to gage market responsiveness to the desired change. The desired market shift towards RMC (targeted variable) hinges on generic variables: price, concrete quality and customer satisfaction, and market-specific variables: local concrete culture, perception of average customers, and permitting process.The survey revealed that professional participants, a small fraction of the local concrete market, are aware of the added values of utilizing RMC. The participation rate is clearly indicative of the absence of awareness of the numerous competitive advantages of using RMC in the Egyptian market. The resistance to change, unarguably, still hinges on the mistakenly believed difference in SMC and RMC unit prices, not the cost/benefit ratio.
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Hodoň, Michal, Ondrej Karpiš, Peter Ševčík und Andrea Kociánová. „Which Digital-Output MEMS Magnetometer Meets the Requirements of Modern Road Traffic Survey?“ Sensors 21, Nr. 1 (03.01.2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010266.
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Present systems for road traffic surveillance largely utilize MEMS magnetometers for the purpose of vehicle detection and classification. Magnetoresistive sensing or LR oscillation circuitry are technologies providing the sensors with the competitive advantage which lies in the energy efficiency and low price. There are several chip suppliers on the market who specialize in the development of these sensors. The aim of this paper is to compare available sensors from the viewpoint of their suitability for traffic measurements. A summary of the achieved results is given in the form of the score for each sensor. The introduced sensor chart should provide the audience with knowledge about pros and cons of sensors, especially if intended for the purposes of road traffic surveillance. The authors in this research focused on the specific situation of road traffic monitoring with magnetometers placed at the roadside.
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Kang, Byung Gyoo, Vin Shern Eng, Boon Hoe Goh, Wee Kang Choong und Tuck Wai Yeong. „Investigation into the Current Practice of Cost Estimating and the Introduction of a Standard Price Book in the Malaysia Construction Industry“. Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 3109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.3109.
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Cost estimating is one of the most important areas in construction project management.Three are various ways to do cost estimating with different efficiencies and possibly with differentaccuracies. In addition it is a complicated process including various activities. Standardized pricebooks will help improve the process and accuracy of cost estimating. However there is no publishedprice book in the Malaysia construction industry. This research has investigated and identified thecurrent practice of estimating in the Malaysia construction industry together with the possibilities ofintroducing a price book to the industry. Primary methods of estimating, efficiency of the currentmethods, significance of activities related to estimating, factors affecting the accuracy of estimatingare investigated through a survey. Further the obstacles in introducing a price book have beenidentified. The survey participants agree that the government should initiate the introduction of a pricebook in the Malaysia construction industry. The outcomes of this research can be also used to improvethe competitive advantages of quantity surveyors, consulting engineers/architects and contractors inrespect to cost estimating for construction projects in Malaysia.
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Sunandar, Nandang. „KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF USAHA TERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL“. Agro Ekonomi 12, Nr. 2 (30.12.2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.16951.
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The research has been conducted to find out a competitive advantage of beef cattle farming. Data used in this research was primary data collected through survey in Gunungkidul Regency, Province od Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The location determination was cinducted in purposive based on population of beef cattle. The selected location was Sub District of Karang Mojo and Semanu. Total sample was defined in quota that is 240 beef cattle farmers, each 120 beef cattle farmers in Karang Mojo and Semanu. Sample selection was taken random sampling. The result suggested that (1) on the whole, without considering various production system and management that much occurred upon its actual condition, beef cattle farming in Gunung Kidul had have competitive advantage because has PCR value < 1, (2) breeding was more competitive advantage than fattening, (3) local cattle breeding has better competitive advantage than crossbreeding cattle, (4) local cattle fattening was more competitive advantage than fattening of crossbreeding cattle, (5) the competitive advantage indicates the usage of domestic resources that has been valued in actual price were quite efficient so that the beef cattle farming is proper to develop on giving economic live for its performer, and (6) the competitive advantage were acquired from the use of greenery, dedak (mixture of rice and bran), gaplek,and family force because the whole input were from field or farmer family source until there is no need cash to achieve it.
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Hanaysha, Jalal Rajeh. „Impact of Social Media Marketing, Price Promotion, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Satisfaction“. Jindal Journal of Business Research 6, Nr. 2 (13.09.2017): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682117715359.
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Customer satisfaction is one of the main topics in marketing that received large attentions from several scholars and practitioners. Satisfied customers tend to be the driving force for brand success and building sustainable competitive advantage; therefore, looking at the antecedents of customer satisfaction is deemed to be very important. This article is designed to examine the effects of social media marketing, price promotion, and corporate social responsibility on customer satisfaction in the fast-food industry. The data were collected using a survey instrument from 293 customers of international fast-food restaurants in east coast Malaysia. To analyze the collected data and reach at conclusions, SPSS and structural equation modeling (AMOS) were utilized. The findings revealed that social media marketing and price promotion have significant effects on customer satisfaction. Moreover, the findings revealed that corporate social responsibility has a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction.
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Ju, Xuenan, Yuan Cheng, Zuohao Hu, Mengyuan Lv und Xi Chen. „Determinants and consequences of price-leadership strategy: Evidence from Chinese manufacturer exporters“. Transnational Marketing Journal 3, Nr. 2 (08.10.2015): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v3i2.403.
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This research investigates the antecedents of the price-leadership strategy (PLS), and its impacts on export performance with the moderating role of export target markets. Drawing from the contingency theory and strategy management framework, the authors adopt structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the survey data collected from 155 Chinese manufacturer exporters. The empirical results suggest that the PLS negatively affects export performance. Firms are more likely to adopt the PLS when competitive intensity and technological intensity are high but less likely to adopt the PLS when product popularity is high. The negative impact of the PLS on export performance is stronger when firms export to other emerging (vs. developed) markets. With the unique perspective from emerging markets, the authors theoretically discuss and empirically examine the antecedents-PLS-performance link. This research suggests that emerging-market firms rationally adopt the PLS and actively cultivate technology and innovation capability, product popularity and international marketing competence on export businesses.
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Yuzaria, Dwi, und Dadi Suryadi. „Analisis Tingkat Keuntungan, Keunggulan Kompetitif, Keunggulan Komparatif, dan Dampak Kebijakan Impor Pada Usaha Peternakan Sapi Potong di Provinsi Jawa Barat“. Jurnal Agripet 11, Nr. 1 (01.04.2011): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v11i1.652.
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The analysis of profitability, comparative advantage, competitive advantage and import policy impact on beef cattle fattening in west javaABSTRACT. The beef cattle fattening in Indonesia is financially and economically beneficial, even though the production process is in an economical condition with various trading policies with others countries. Those including the policies of import tarrif and quota on input that are aimed to have a more expensive price of import input, hence giving the chance for domestic input to compete. These will be an advantage for domestic feedloter, however the result of governmental policy are often far from expectation. Research conducted in West Java. This research used the survey method, with multistage random sampling and analyzed by using the Policy Analysis Matrix model to measure the efficiency of the business performance of beef cattle fattening. Result of the research shows that beef cattle fattening reached financial and economical benefits. Feedloters of local and imported cows in west Java has competitive advantage, local cows is more competitive than imported cows. Meanwhile efficiency indicator shows that feedloters of imported cows has more comparative advantage compared to the feedloters of local cow.
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Yao, Kai, und Xiaoming Cui. „Study on the Moderating Effect of the Employee Psychological Empowerment on the Enterprise Employee Turnover Tendency: Taking Small and Middle Enterprises in Jinan as the Example“. International Business Research 3, Nr. 3 (11.06.2010): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v3n3p21.
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In the knowledge economy, the competition among enterprises is the competition about talents in the final analysis, and the intelligence capital becomes the key to build the core competitive advantage of enterprise. However, the abnormal turnover of employee will not only waste the human capital investment of enterprise, but also make against the implementation of the enterprise strategy and the construction of the culture. Based on the Price-Mueller (2000) model, this article adopts the definitions of the control variable, the structured variable, and the environment variable about employee turnover tendency, and creatively introduces the “employee psychological empowerment” as the Moderating variable to design and survey the questionnaire, and uses SPSS to regress in a stepwise way. The test result of the structure model by the empirical research shows that the fair allocation, the promotion opportunity, the monotonous work, the social internal support, and the exterior work chance are main factors to influence the employee turnover tendency, and the employee psychological empowerment could adjust enterprise employees’ turnover tendency. Finally, this article suggests that enterprises should harmonize the relationship between the leader’s authorization behavior and the employee’s psychological empowerment to create healthy enterprise culture and promote effective talent encouragement.
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Quynh Nga, Nguyen Thi, und Phan My Huyen. „Evaluating student satisfaction with 24-hour convenience stores in Ho Chi Minh City“. Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 3, Nr. 3 (07.12.2019): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v3i3.560.
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The research presents the results of student satisfaction with 24-hour convenience stores in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The data was collected from a survey of 275 students as customers of 24-hour convenience stores in HCMC. Employing quantitative analysis to analyze reliability, EFA factors and regression analysis, the author identified determinants of student satisfaction with 24-hour convenience stores, thereby analyzing satisfaction assessment results obtained from the regression model. The results show that price has the strongest impact on student satisfaction, followed by staff, goods, support services, facilities, and distribution channels. The findings are consistent with the fact that low-income people like students, price, quality, and support services are of extreme importance. The study assists managers in decision making and working out strategies so as to enhance student satisfaction and other customer groups in an ever increasing competitive market, thereby contributing to the development of this business model.
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Hanaysha, Jalal Rajeh, und Richard Jan Pech. „Brand Prestige and the Mediating Role of Word of Mouth in the Fast Food Industry“. Global Business Review 19, Nr. 6 (17.09.2018): 1494–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918794736.
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The highly competitive business environment forces firms to differentiate themselves among their competitors in order to ensure their long-term survival and success. Therefore, building a strong brand has become a key priority for many successful firms. This article examines the effect of physical environment, food quality, price fairness and customer service on brand prestige in the restaurant industry. It also aims to provide a significant contribution to existing literature by examining the mediating effect of word of mouth (WOM) between the stated factors and brand prestige. The data in this study were collected using a survey instrument from customers at several international fast-food restaurant brands on the east coast of Malaysia. The collected data were analysed with SPSS using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings indicated that physical environment, food quality and customer service have significant positive effects on brand prestige, but the effect of price fairness on brand prestige is insignificant. The outcomes also revealed that price fairness, physical environment and customer service have significant positive effects on WOM, whereas customer service is not significantly related to WOM. Finally, the findings reveal that WOM mediates the relationships between all of the stated factors and brand prestige.
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Fitriani, Eka Dwi, und Bayu Nuswantara. „Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Di Pasar Tradisional Ampel Kabupaten Boyolali“. SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 15, Nr. 1 (01.11.2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v15i1.25058.
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<p><em>This study examines socioeconomic factors on consumer loyalty in choosing to shop at the traditional Ampel market in Boyolali Regency. In order for traditional markets to survive and develop in the competitive business world in competing for consumers, it must be able to understand it’s consumers. Many factors can influence consumer loyalty in choosing to shop in traditional markets. In this study the factors that are thought to influence are product prices, product quality, merchant service, product location and market days. The type of research used is a survey with 50 sampling using incidental sampling. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression. Instrument test results show all valid and reliable. Multiple linear regression test shows Y = -9,199 + 0.510 X1 + 0.460 X2 -</em><em> 0.192 X3 + 0.708 X4 + 0.551 X5. It is shows that product price variables, product quality, market location and market day have a positive effect on consumer loyalty.</em></p>
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Mutsikiwa, Munyaradzi, Clay Hutama Basera, Kossam Dhliwayo und Jonatan Muzangwa. „The Effectiveness of Marketing Mix Strategies on Competitiveness: A Case of Food Micro and Small Enterprises in Masvingo, Zimbabwe.“ INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2, Nr. 1 (30.12.2007): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v2i1.1415.
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The study seeks to investigate how Food Micro and Small Enterprises (FMSEs) (particularly restaurants) employ the 7Ps marketing mix strategy framework to enhance competitiveness measured in terms of patronage. The major emphasis is centred on the synergistic contribution of product, price, place, promotion, physical evidence, people, and process to enhancing competitive advantage to the enterprise. The researchers adopt a descriptive survey research design which enables them to establish consumers propensity to frequent the FMSE outlets. The sample size includes 95 regular customers and 20 people from management. The major findings of this research indicates that, the application of the 7ps framework plays an insignificant role in enhancing competitiveness serve for product and place variables
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Nurfadillah, S., D. Rachmina und N. Kusnadi. „Impact of trade liberalization on Indonesian broiler competitiveness“. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 43, Nr. 4 (11.12.2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.43.4.429-437.
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International trade has been growing rapidly and requires high competitiveness. Broiler industry is one of the sectors that might be threatened by trade liberalization. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and government policies impact on the broiler competitiveness in actual and free trade condition. This research was conducted in Bogor and Subang using survey method. The sample consisted of 30 local farmers selected by random sampling and an integrated company selected purposively. Further data is analyzed using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Privat Cost Ratio (PCR) and Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRCR) analysis showed that small farm has a competitive advantage, but does not have a comparative advantage. While the production by integrated company has comparative and competitive advantages. The policy analysis indicates that overall policies is protective and give benefit to producers. There are three scenarios that are used to portray free trade: reduction in import tariffs, interest rates, and logistics costs. The implementation of free trade will reduce competitiveness in actual price but increase competitiveness in the undistorted market condition.
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Du Plessis, Engelina, und Mellville Saayman. „Factors influencing pricing in the accommodation sector in South Africa“. Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 4, Nr. 1 (31.12.2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v4i1.22.
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<p>Price is a significant factor of competitiveness. Price is a complex issue and is determined by a variety of demand and supply factors. These factors also differ from industry to industry. The purpose of this article is to determine the factors that influence pricing in the South African accommodation sector. In order to generate proper data, a survey was conducted at various South African accommodation establishments that were obtained from the databases of the three major associations in the accommodation sector. Two-hundred and forty seven questionnaires completed by managers from accommodation establishments were used in this research. Principal component factor analyses with Varimax rotation in STATISTICA were carried out. These resulted in ten factors, namely environmental qualities, amenities, image, management factor, positioning, quality service factor, infrastructure service factor, location, marketing and product quality factor. The results revealed that the major factors in pricing are service quality, image and product quality. Consequently this article can be used to assist managers in pricing and in obtaining a better competitive position in the industry by revising management structures and marketing campaigns.</p><p><strong>Keywords and phrases:</strong> Tourism industry, price competitiveness, service quality, image, product quality, entrepreneur and factor analysis</p>
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Anggraeni, Nurul Widya, Wiludjeng Roessali und Hery Setiyawan. „COMPETITIVENESS OF SOYBEAN BUSINESS FARMING ANALYSIS IN GROBOGAN REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE“. AGROLAND: The Agricultural Sciences Journal 5, Nr. 2 (18.12.2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24077593.2018.v5.i2.11843.
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Soybean is one of the strategic commodities. To fulfill the increasing of domestic demand, it must be supplied from imports because domestic production is unsufficient. In addition, lower price of imported soybean has effected in competition of domestic farmers to get profit. Demand of soybean in the international and domestic market has always increased. Indonesia has imported soybeans to fill domestic soybean demand. This condition will have an impact on the decline in farm income due to soybean import. The aims of this study were to analyze the level of private profitability and competitiveness of soybean farming in Grobogan Regency.This research used survey research method with number of samples taken through simple random sampling of 100 soybean farmers. Data were analyzed by Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results showed that private profitability of soybean farming in Grobogan Regency was Rp1.690.393,22 per MT. Two indicators to measure the competitiveness were Private Cost Ratio (PCR) and Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR). PCR value was 0,75 which showed that soybean farming in Grobogan Regency was more competitive and Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR) showed 0,88. It showed that soybean farming had a comparative advantage.
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Daniel, Leena, Sarah Hinman, Bengucan Gunen, Kaitlyn Harper, Lisa Poirier und Joel Gittelsohn. „Community-Based Recommendations to Improve Customer Turnout at a Non-Profit Grocery Store“. Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29.05.2020): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa051_005.
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Abstract Objectives Aimed at improving healthy food access in a low-income neighborhood, the Salvation Army's first non-profit grocery store in Baltimore City has so far failed to attract a large customer base. The store averages just 140 customers daily and serves 500 unique families weekly, with an average transaction of $14. This study explored reasons for low usage from the perspective of community members and suggests solutions. Methods Mixed-methods formative research was conducted at DMG Foods. In-depth interviews were conducted with store staff (n = 5), wholesalers (n = 3), local store non-users (n = 4), and store users (n = 9).Interviews focused on purchasing habits, observations, prices, marketing efforts, quality of food, location, and convenience. Direct observations of store operations (n = 8) and a short demographic survey of store users with loyalty cards (n = 119) and without loyalty cards (n = 33) was also completed. All in-depth interviews were coded and analyzed using ATLAS.ti v8.4.18. Results The survey results indicated that the average amount spent at DMG Foods per loyalty customer within the last 30 days was $82. Only 11% survey respondents reported using DMG for all their grocery shopping. Reasons given for low store usage, included: (a) prices at DMG Foods are not low; (b) Non-users do not perceive DMG Foods as a food store; and (c) food quality concerns. In light of these responses, we made several recommendations, including: (a) make displays showing price differences between DMG Foods and other competitors; (b) place rebranded signs outside the store to indicate that DMG Foods is a grocery store; and (c) improve and maintain the quality of produce and meat in store. Additionally, store management should negotiate with wholesalers and distributors to obtain competitive wholesale prices. Conclusions The results of this study will be used to inform DMG Foods and to help Salvation Army refine their non-profit grocery model as they expand it to other locations in Baltimore and across the United States. Funding Sources Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of International Health.
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Oh, Seok-young, und K. Peter Kuchinke. „Exploring the role of organizational learning activities in the quality management context“. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 38, Nr. 3 (02.05.2017): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-11-2015-0259.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between three quality management (QM) practices, leadership, people focus, and process management practices and organizational learning (OL) activities and business performance in Korean manufacturing businesses. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on 204 responses to a survey of Korean manufacturing companies listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index to test nine hypotheses with structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings The results from SEM show that leadership practices have a significant effect on people focus and process management practices, and that the three QM practices jointly influence OL. However, leadership, people focus, and process management practices do not have direct associations with business performance, but rather show statistically influence only via OL activities. The findings verify that OL has a mediating role in QM practices and business performance as a crucial resource that determines a firm’s competitive advantage. Originality/value An important implication of this study’s findings for managers or QM professionals is that learning takes place at multiple levels and is a crucial resource that determines a firm’s competitive advantage, bridging quality and business outcomes.
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Ariga, Reni Asmara. „Pengaruh Karakteristik Dan Persepsi Pasien Rawat Jalan Terhadap Bauran Pemasaran Dengan Keputusan Membeli Obat Di Apotek“. Talenta Conference Series: Tropical Medicine (TM) 1, Nr. 2 (09.12.2018): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/tm.v1i2.196.
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Hospital as a capital and labor intensive has to empower efficient use of each revenue unit which support its operation, such as pharmacy, by using effective marketing strategy to attract its consumers. The phenomena at the pharmacy of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Deli Serdang (RSUDDS) Lubuk Pakam recently, is that 50% of the medicine which are prescribed by the polyclinic is not sold and prescription coming from outside. It might be influenced by the individual characteristics factor and the perception of patients about the integrated marketing. The objective of this research is to analyse the influence of individual characteristics and the perception of outpatients about the integrated marketing and decision to buy medicine. The samples is 95 patients/family who visit RSUDDS Lubuk Pakam. This research uses explanatory survey method with logistic regression test. The result of this research finds out that there is a significant influence between the income p.value (0,006), staff service (0,015), medicine price (0,024), medicine product (0,026), service process (0,046) with the decision of buying medicine. To increase the medicine purchases, it is suggested that the pharmacy management should by attention on the availability of medicine, the competitive price the skillful staffs and the service.
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Harrington, Robert J., Michael C. Ottenbacher und Simon Fauser. „QSR brand value“. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 29, Nr. 1 (09.01.2017): 551–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2015-0300.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the quick service restaurant (QSR) differentiation in the minds of consumers, customers and non-customers and addresses the use of absolute measures. The study integrated competitive context and customer vs non-customer perceptions to better understand marketing strategies and the impact on customer value. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework is provided with marketing strategy, 7Ps, value positioning and outcomes. A survey instrument to assess perceptions of QSR marketing mix dimensions and leading QSR brands as referents was used. The study used exploratory factor analysis, ANOVA and logistic regression to address research questions. Findings The five QSR brands were differentiated by three marketing mix dimensions: quality, convenience and price. Subway and Starbucks customers perceived higher quality than McDonald’s and Burger King. Price separated Starbucks and McDonald’s customers. Overall, QSR customers perceived higher quality and convenience than non-customers. Age group was a predictor of customer membership of QSR overall and McDonald’s. Research limitations/implications The study used participants in Germany and had more respondents identified as McDonald’s customers or referent. Practical implications The quality bundle represents unique resources for each QSR brand. Management teams should use a holistic mindset in considering the quality bundle reputation and how the various attributes support each other. Originality/value Consumers look to three factors for QSR rather than 7Ps: quality, convenience and price. Relative comparisons of perceptions among brands and between customers vs non-customers provided important contributions for QSR marketing mix factors.
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Paun, Dorothy A., Larry D. Compeau und Dhruv Grewal. „A Model of the Influence of Marketing Objectives on Pricing Strategies in International Countertrade“. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 16, Nr. 1 (März 1997): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569701600107.
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As international markets become increasingly more competitive, firms must employ innovative marketing strategies merely to survive. One such strategy is the use of international countertrade. Offering to countertrade or responding to countertrade offers not only can enable a firm to survive, but also can provide the firm with the opportunity to achieve its marketing objective. Because countertrading involves complex exchanges of widely disparate products with debatable values, the pricing strategy employed is an important factor. The authors develop and empirically test a model of the influence of marketing objectives on buyers’ price expectations and sellers’ pricing strategies in international countertrade. Qualitative interviews provide insight into the world of countertrading and assist the articulation of the model and research methodology. A mail survey involving 108 countertrade practitioners from 23 countries offers support for 22 of the 24 hypotheses. The authors develop implications for policymakers and managers.
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Sim Ong, Fon, Philip J. Kitchen und Shih Shiuan Chew. „Marketing a consumer durable brand in Malaysia: a conjoint analysis and market simulation“. Journal of Consumer Marketing 27, Nr. 6 (14.09.2010): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363761011078244.
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PurposeThis paper aims to use conjoint analysis to examine how Malaysian consumers make decisions regarding a consumer durable product – namely room air conditioners – under multi‐cue situations.Design/methodology/approachThis study first assesses the impact of a priori perceived differences between brand names, country of manufacture, price, quality, technological advancement, and warranty on product evaluation. Second, the relative importance of the attributes as evaluative criteria is determined by performing part worth analysis. Six pertinent hypotheses are developed and tested. Conjoint analysis is used to develop product profiles that respondents could evaluate via a survey. This is followed by a market simulation to suggest marketing strategies for Malaysian and Japanese products (the latter dominate the Malaysian market).FindingsThe findings indicate the importance of capitalising upon consumer durables' intrinsic qualities, and the need to carefully consider the relationship between price and quality. Ways to take advantage of the strength of foreign brand names need to be understood and operationalised. The simulation exercise also indicates ways in which indigenous and external competitors could take advantage of market opportunities.Research limitations/implicationsThe study does place in a Malaysian context, and moreover used a convenience sampling approach. The need is demonstrable for more representative probabilistic sampling. While country of origin effects are understood, other criteria (i.e. design, assembly, and source) need to be considered in future studies.Practical implicationsIt is felt that the approach utilised and the simulations developed can be applied in other geographic and cultural contexts and have implications for marketing strategies for branded consumer durable typologies.Originality/valueThe paper identifies and evaluates strategies for more effective competition in the Malaysian room air conditioner market. The use of conjoint analysis and market simulation provides a basis for competitive advantage in a tightly focused market sector.
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Carricano, Manu. „Pricing myopia: do leading companies capture the full value of their pricing strategies?“ Management Decision 52, Nr. 1 (11.03.2014): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-03-2013-0184.
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Purpose – Many companies lack insights or fact-based support for the pricing decisions they make in an increasingly complex environment. In order to optimize their pricing process, managers need to identify key indicators that may influence the performance of their decisions. The purpose of this paper is to report an investigation of pricing determinants in large companies manufacturing capital goods in France. First a conceptual framework is proposed, in order to fill several gaps identified in the literature on pricing practices and more precisely by operating a distinction between environmental variables (determinants), decision making (pricing strategy and price and product-line structures) and its consequence in terms of price level. Design/methodology/approach – The author conducted an empirical research on the determinants of the pricing process. This study consistedof a questionnaire survey addressed to pricing managers (or executives in charge of pricing) in 98 of the largest manufacturing companies in France about their new-product pricing decision-making process. Findings – The author studies environmental determinants and their influence on the pricing and describes the structure of pricing determinants as a five dimensions construct: market-based, value-based, position-based, competition-based and production-based. The results show that firms rely on environmental determinants as indicators of their pricing flexibility. These indicators operate as pricing levers: a good position on these variables gives firms more pricing power. But in the vast majority of the cases, companies extensively relied on competitive conditions instead of taking advantage of a favorable position, described as pricing myopia. Originality/value – This paper describes current pricing practices in leading companies with key informants (mainly pricing managers) highly involved in the pricing decision process, and contrasts two pricing orientations, pricing power vs pricing myopia.
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Maharani, Regita, und Christian Haposan Pangaribuan. „Analyzing the Factors Affecting Purchase Intention of Drugstore Beauty Products“. Journal of Multidisciplinary Issues 1, Nr. 1 (03.05.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53748/jmis.v1i1.2.
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Objective – The objective of this study is to identify the key elements of buying beauty products in drugstore chains, discuss the reasons and factors behind why these drugstore chains had become the customers’ preference to visit and purchase beauty products, and to find out the relation of store convenience of drugstore chains to purchase intention of their beauty products.
Methodology – The method used in this research is quantitative using an online survey started in November 2020. From 132 distributed questionnaires using Google Form link, only 106 responses are valid.
Findings – The results reveal that shopping enjoyment and competitive price to have a significant influence on intention to purchase. However, the relationship between convenience and purchase intention was not supported.
Novelty – Previous studies have predominantly examined the main effect of shopping convenience on purchase intention. This study extends our understanding of this relationship by highlighting the non-significant result in the convenience–intention linkage.
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Hanák, Tomáš, Adriana Drozdová und Ivan Marović. „Bidding Strategy in Construction Public Procurement: A Contractor’s Perspective“. Buildings 11, Nr. 2 (30.01.2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020047.
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A contractor’s ability to prepare a competitive bid for a construction tender is crucial for its survival on the market. The bid price estimation strategy should promote the probability of winning a sufficient amount of tenders but, at the same time, ensure the economic stability and development of the company. This paper aims to address this issue in the area of Czech public construction procurement. The opinions, experiences and practices of contractors were collected through a questionnaire survey, and the data were evaluated with the support of statistical methods. This revealed that Czech contractors mostly base their multicriteria bidding strategy on cost-oriented pricing while considering various aspects such as the risks and attractiveness of the tender. The Czech construction market is generally perceived as oriented toward low costs, and with a relatively common occurrence of abnormally low bids. The findings presented in this paper may help contractors improve their current bidding strategies in public construction procurement.