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1
Klimenko, A. Y. „Complex competitive systems and competitive thermodynamics“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, Nr. 1982 (13.01.2013): 20120244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0244.
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This publication reviews the framework of abstract competition, which is aimed at studying complex systems with competition in their generic form. Although the concept of abstract competition has been derived from a specific field—modelling of mixing in turbulent reacting flows—this concept is, generally, not attached to a specific phenomenon or application. Two classes of competition rules, transitive and intransitive, need to be distinguished. Transitive competitions are shown to be consistent (at least qualitatively) with thermodynamic principles, which allows for introduction of special competitive thermodynamics. Competitive systems can thus be characterized by thermodynamic quantities (such as competitive entropy and competitive potential), which determine that the predominant direction of evolution of the system is directed towards higher competitiveness. There is, however, an important difference: while conventional thermodynamics is constrained by its zeroth law and is fundamentally transitive, the transitivity of competitive thermodynamics depends on the transitivity of the competition rules. The analogy with conventional thermodynamics weakens as competitive systems become more intransitive, while strongly intransitive competitions can display types of behaviour associated with complexity: competitive cooperation and leaping cycles. Results of simulations demonstrating complex behaviour in abstract competitions are presented in the electronic supplementary material.
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Creed, Benjamin, Huriya Jabbar und Michael Scott. „Understanding Charter School Leaders’ Perceptions of Competition in Arizona“. Educational Administration Quarterly 57, Nr. 5 (01.10.2021): 815–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x211037337.
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Purpose: School choice policies are expected to generate competition leading to improvement in school practices. However, little is known about how competition operates in public education—particularly in charter schools. This paper examines charter-school leaders’ competitive perception formation and the actions taken in response to competition. Research Methods: Using Arizona charter-school leaders’ responses to an original survey, Arizona Department of Education data, and the Common Core of Data, we examined the factors predicting the labeling of a school as a competitor. We estimated fixed effects logistic regression models which examine factors predicting the labeling of competitor schools and of top competitors. We used logistic regression models to understand charter-school leaders’ responses to competition. Findings: We find charter-school leaders in Arizona perceived at least some competition with other schools, and their perceptions vary by urbanicity. While distance between schools mattered generally for labeling a school as a competitor, distance did not factor into labeling “top competitor” schools. Student outcomes did not predict competition between schools, but student demographics were associated with labeling a school a competitor. Charter-school leaders responded to competition through changes in outreach and advertising rather than curriculum and instruction. Competitive responses were related to the respondent school’s quality and the level of perceived competition. Implications for Research and Practice: We found charter-school leaders perceive competition and respond by changing school practices. Responses typically focus on marketing activities over productive responses. The novel state-level analysis allows us to test the effects of local market conditions typically absent in the literature.
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Haynes, Connie, und Joel Edwards. „FIRST Robotics Competition [Competitions]“. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 22, Nr. 1 (März 2015): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2014.2385560.
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Alaa-Eldeen, Mennatullah, Ahmed Tawfik und Ashraf Tag-Eldeen. „Crisis of Competition: A Conceptual Review of Hospitality and Tourism Industries“. Athens Journal of Tourism 10, Nr. 1 (23.02.2023): 45–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajt.10-1-3.
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The hospitality and airline industries tend to be in a never-ending competition. This competition in many situations leads to a crisis with many forms such as price wars, emergence of a new competitor with lowered price products and competitors following fast-second strategy. So, this paper is a conceptual research that outlines these different forms of crisis of competition. Furthermore, it indicates how organizations face competition and how they set strategies for survival and coexist in the highly competitive market. This paper also overviews case studies from the hospitality and airline industry and their response to competition. Keywords: crisis of competition, concept of competition, competitive position, price wars, fast-second strategy
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Vardevanian, V. A. „MARKETING ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATION OF BLITZ COMPETITION ON THE NEW LOGOTYPE OF YURIY FEDKOVYCH CHERNIVTSI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY IN A PANDEMIC PERIOD“. Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, Nr. 63 (22.12.2021): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.63.2021.248483.
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The author of the article describes the marketing aspects of the organization of competition of blitz on the new logotype of the Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University in a pandemic period. Typical barriers into that the organizers of competitions run for educational establishments are described in the article. Organizational barriers, financial barriers, expert and post-competitive barriers, come forward as such barriers.An author offers the detailed description of the methodology of realization of successful competition on a new logotype.By basic points in the organization of the blitz competition the author determines such as: clear determination of the target audience of the blitz competition, duration of competition, reason of participating in a competition, realization of expert estimation of competitive projects, text of position about a competition. Steps are stage-by-stage described from the organization of the blitz contest.There is a collection of competitive works on the first stage. As important constituents the terms of competition come forward here. In the organization of the blitz competition there were lifted restrictions to the participants, text and maintenance of terms of participation are brief in a competition, in times reduced the terms of holding competition (to one week), put right effective communication with the blitz contest participants.There are an expert estimation and claim of a new logotype on the second stage. Successful completion of competition also depends on well-prepared terms for realization of expert estimates and other finishing acts. The basic moments of first-minings are forming of competencies, that experts and selection of experts that answer the marked competencies must own. It is in addition, needed to prepare to the estimation sent competitive projects logotypes and comfortable format of expert estimation of competitive works. The clear criteria of project evaluations logotypes and questionnaire of expert estimates belong to such terms.
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Meshcheryakov, Roman, und Boris Ilyukhin. „Review of robotics competition. Games sport robotics“. Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 10, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2022): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.1020402.
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The development of robotics technologies requires an increase in the level of scientific and technical developments and the creation of a profile reserve, as well as the formation of a system for training highly qualified specialists. One of the ways to assess the achieved level of development and qualifications of engineering teams is to hold competitions at various levels. The article provides an overview of various events in competitive robotics. In the first part, the competition in the ground and underground environment is considered. The competitions are structured according to the format, type of the competition, the environment of functioning and the age of the participants. Conclusions are made about the prospects of various events of competitive robotics, as well as the relevance of some of them.
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Barden, Jeff, und Alex Vestal. „Horizontal competition and interorganizational exchange partner selection: An analysis of Major League Baseball player trades“. Strategic Organization 17, Nr. 3 (26.02.2018): 311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127018759962.
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This study examines the influence of horizontal competition on interorganizational exchange. Interorganizational competition is a multidimensional construct that can influence exchange in multiple, sometimes countervailing ways. With an analysis of Major League Baseball player trades, we examine the influences of three components of competition—goal conflict, rivalry, and competitive interaction—on interorganizational exchange partner selection. We find that goal conflict reduces the hazard rate of exchange between organizations, but competitive interaction increases it. Moreover, we find evidence that prior exchange moderates the competition–exchange relationship by reducing the perceived risks and information benefits of exchange with a competitor. We do not find evidence that interorganizational rivalry shapes subsequent exchange behavior.
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Konings, Marco J., und Florentina J. Hettinga. „The Impact of Different Competitive Environments on Pacing and Performance“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, Nr. 6 (01.07.2018): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0407.
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Purpose: In real-life competitive situations, athletes are required to continuously make decisions about how and when to invest their available energy resources. This study attempted to identify how different competitive environments invite elite short-track speed skaters to modify their pacing behavior during head-to-head competition. Methods: Lap times of elite 500-, 1000- and 1500-m short-track speed skating competitions between 2011 and 2016 (N = 34,095 races) were collected. Log-transformed lap and finishing times were analyzed with mixed linear models. The fixed effects in the model were sex, season, stage of competition, start position, competition importance, event number per tournament, number of competitors per race, altitude, and time qualification. The random effects of the model were athlete identity and the residual (within-athlete race-to-race variation). Separate analyses were performed for each event. Results: Several competitive environments, such as the number of competitors in a race (a higher number of competitors evoked most likely a faster initial pace; coefficient of variation [CV] = 1.9–9.3%), the stage of competition (likely to most likely, a slower initial pace was demonstrated in finals; CV = −1.4% to 2.0%), the possibility of time qualification (most likely a faster initial pace; CV = 2.6–5.0%), and competition importance (most likely faster races at the Olympics; CV = 1.3–3.5%), altered the pacing decisions of elite skaters in 1000- and 1500-m events. Stage of competition and start position affected 500-m pacing behavior. Conclusions: As demonstrated in this study, different competitive environments evoked modifications in pacing behavior, in particular in the initial phase of the race, emphasizing the importance of athlete–environment interactions, especially during head-to-head competitions.
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Li, Yu. „A Recognition Method of Athletes’ Mental State in Sports Training Based on Support Vector Machine Model“. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (21.06.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1566664.
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Athletes participate in competitive competitions, and the ultimate goal is to better display their personal competitive level in the competition so as to achieve the goal of defeating their opponents and winning the competition. In all types of competitions, most matches are instantaneous, and opportunities are fleeting. The instantaneous nature and fierce competition of sports competitions require athletes who participate in sports competitions to have a high psychological quality. It can be seen that the quality of the mental state directly determines the performance of the athletes in usual training and competition. In the process of sports, if athletes can obtain real-time changes in their mental states when they encounter various situations, they can formulate more targeted and effective training or competition strategies according to the athletes’ states. For the opponent, by analyzing the opponent’s psychological state during exercise, the game strategy can be adjusted in real time in a targeted manner, and the probability of winning the game can be provided. Based on this background, this paper proposes to use support vector machine (SVM) to identify the mental state of athletes during exercise. This paper first collects the data of body movements and facial expressions of athletes during training or competition. Use multimodal data to train an SVM model. Output the emotional state of athletes at different stages based on test data. In order to verify the applicability of the method in this paper to the athlete subjects, several comparative models were used in the experiment to verify the performance of the used models. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of emotion recognition obtained by this method is more than 80%. This shows that the research in this paper has certain application value.
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Kharaishvili, Eter, Badri Gechbaia und Gela Mamuladze. „Vegetable market: competitive advantages of Georgian product and competition challenges“. Innovative Marketing 14, Nr. 3 (08.11.2018): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.14(3).2018.02.
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The paper evaluates the level of competition on the vegetable market. Based on the analysis of the production development trends and resource potential, dynamics and ratio of export and import of agricultural products, including vegetables are presented; dynamics of self-sufficiency ratio of these products is studied; challenges of food security and competitive advantages of Georgian vegetables are identified.The article concludes that the country has a significant potential for exporting vegetables both to the countries of Europe and Middle East. The paper discusses the factors that hinder export of vegetables; in addition, the ways for reducing dependency on seasonality, opportunities for the development of modern greenhouses and mechanisms for supplying goods to customers all year round are suggested.On the basis of analyzing the level of competition on the vegetable market, vegetable business is considered as monopolistic. In addition, it is calculated that, currently, local vegetables products account for only 75% of the market.The paper evaluates the outcomes of high market power caused by monopoly in vegetable business; the impact of market power on pricing mechanism and the welfare of population is determined. In accordance with the problems identified, conclusions are made and recommendations for solving these problems are suggested.
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Meshcheryakov, Roman, und Boris Ilyukhin. „Review of robotics competition. Special and rescue underground robotics“. Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 11, Nr. 1 (März 2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.11101.
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The development of robotics technologies requires an increase in the level of scientific and technical developments and the creation of a profile reserve, as well as the formation of a system for training highly qualified specialists. One of the ways to assess the achieved level of development and qualifications of engineering teams is to hold competitions at various levels. The article provides an overview of various events in competitive robotics. In the first part, the competition in the ground and underground environment is considered. The competitions are structured according to the format, type of the competition, the environment of functioning and the age of the participants. Conclusions are made about the prospects of various events of competitive robotics, as well as the relevance of some of them.
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Xue, Wei, Lin Huang und Fei-Hai Yu. „Importance of starting points in heterogeneous environments: interactions between two clonal plants with contrasting spatial architectures“. Journal of Plant Ecology 13, Nr. 3 (04.05.2020): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa018.
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Abstract Aims Plants can benefit from heterogeneous environments via disproportionately increasing resource harvesting in resource-rich patches. Their initial growing positions with respect to resource patches may thus have important influences on their performance and relative competitive ability. Such impacts may differ between species with contrasting spatial architectures. However, the potential influence of initial growing positions in heterogeneous environment on plant growth and competition has largely been ignored. Methods We grew the phalanx plant Carex neurocarpa and the guerrilla plant Bolboschoenus planiculmis alone or in competition in a heterogeneous environment consisting of high- and low-nutrient soil patches. In treatments without competition, one ramet of each species was grown in either a high- or a low-nutrient patch in the heterogeneous environment. In treatments with competition, a ramet of the target species was grown in either a high- or a low-nutrient patch, and a ramet of the competitor species was grown in the same patch as the target species or an adjacent patch with a different nutrient level. Important Findings Without competition C. neurocarpa produced more biomass and ramets when initially grown in a high-nutrient patch than when initially grown in a low-nutrient patch. With competition, these differences disappeared. Consequently, competitive intensity on C. neurocarpa was higher when it initially grew in a high-nutrient patch than when it initially grew in a low-nutrient patch. These impacts were independent of the initial position of its competitor. By contrast, the initial positions of B. planiculmis did not influence its growth or competitive response. Therefore, in heterogeneous environments, initial growing positions of clonal plants may influence their performance in competition-free environments and may also affect their relative competitive ability, and these effects may depend on spatial architecture of the plants.
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Zhao, Xin-Feng, Angus Buckling, Quan-Guo Zhang und Elze Hesse. „Specific adaptation to strong competitors can offset the negative effects of population size reductions“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, Nr. 1875 (28.03.2018): 20180007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0007.
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Competition plays a crucial role in determining adaptation of species, yet we know little as to how adaptation is affected by the strength of competition. On the one hand, strong competition typically results in population size reductions, which can hamper adaptation owing to a shortage of beneficial mutations; on the other hand, specificity of adaptation to competitors may offset the negative evolutionary consequences of such population size effects. Here, we investigate how competition strength affects population fitness in the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens . Our results demonstrate that strong competition constrains adaptation of focal populations, which can be partially explained by population size reductions. However, fitness assays also reveal specific adaptation of focal populations to particular competitors varying in competitive ability. Additionally, this specific adaptation can offset the negative effects of competitor-mediated population size reductions under strong competition. Our study, therefore, highlights the importance of opposing effects of strong competition on species adaptation, which may lead to different outcomes of colonization under intense and relaxed competitive environments in the context of population dispersal.
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Kazmiruk, Andriy. „opularization of Nordic Combined Through the Introduction of New Disciplines in the Program of Various Ranks Competitions.“ Physical education, sport and health culture in modern society, Nr. 1(65) (22.05.2024): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2024-01-60-67.
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Topicality. The presented research paper examines and analyzes the regulations for holding Nordic combined competitions at the Olympic and non-Olympic disciplines. The main changes and expansion of sports competition programs, which took place during the last decades and influenced its popularization, have been described. The purpose of the research. Analysis of the dynamics and reasons for the introduction of new disciplines into the program of competitions of various ranks at Nordic combined. Research methods. Analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, theoretical analysis of regulatory documents and documentation of competitive sports activities (detailed analysis of the International Ski and Snowboard Federation`s bulletins) and review of research analytical sources and information from e-resources (search and analysis of historical data). The research results. Based on a detailed analysis of scientific and methodological sources and available Internet sources as well as the new competition rules, it was found that the basis of the Nordic combined competitions is the following disciplines: a) the individual Gundersen competitions (standard normal and large ski jumping hills; 10 km competition in cross-country skiing), the Men's team sprint competition (included into the program of the Winter Olympic Games only for men); b) the mass start (individual competitions), the Women`s individual Gundersen competitions, the Women`s team sprint. This allowed to systematize the peculiarities of competitive activity and highlight the main aspects in the above mentioned disciplines in accordance with the modern rules of the Nordic combined competitions. Findings. Among the reasons for radical changes and innovations into the Nordic combined was a long stagnation and reluctance to make unpopular decisions, which led to a decline, a decrease in popularity and the number of the competition participants. During the 100-year FIS history, the most changes occurred at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century, in particular, the Gundersen method application, the introduction and search for new disciplines, etc.
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Batas, Ambica, und Udayakumara Ramakrishna B.N. „Abuse of Dominant Position in the Realm of the Professional Sports Industry“. Scientific Temper 14, Nr. 03 (25.09.2023): 1002–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2023.14.3.68.
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The abuse of dominant position by sports regulators is a concerning issue that can significantly impact the integrity and fairness of sports competitions. Sports regulators, who are entrusted with maintaining the balance and promoting fair play within the industry, may sometimes exploit their authority to gain an unfair advantage or control over certain aspects of the sports landscape. When sports regulators abuse their dominant position, several detrimental consequences may arise.Competition law plays a crucial role in ensuring a fair and open market, free from anti-competitive practices. In recent years, there has been increasing attention towards applying competition law principles to oversee the actions of sports regulating bodies. This article aims to explore the potential of competition law in preventing sports governing organizations from abusing their monopoly power. It is imperative that the sports industry and the sports regulator function in an anti-competitive manner and avoid abuse of the powers instilled in them. It delves into suitable legal frameworks, examines relevant cases, and discusses the impact of enforcing competition law within the sports industry. The results highlight the significance of competition laws in fostering equitable competition, safeguarding athletes’ rights, and sustaining a dynamic and competitive sports landscape.
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Chen, Jie. „Competition and Participation in Combat Sports:A Case Study of Combat Sports Clubs at Loughborough University“. Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 3 (28.12.2023): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/xnqwvt41.
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This study explores the nature of the relationship between competition and engagement in combat sports, aiming to move beyond existing research that primarily focuses on motivation and competition's general role in sports participation. This paper therefore seeks to examine motivations for participation in combat sports. The influences of participating in competitions in combat sports, and how competition affects sustained sport participation in combat sports in particular. This study adopted a qualitative case study approach involving 10 semi-structured interviews with participants in combat sports clubs. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then analyzed thematically. The findings present four main themes:1.Motivation to participate in combat sports 2.Benefits to participants from competitions 3.Challenges to participating in competitions 4.Importance of competition on retention in combat sports. In summary, this study contributes novel insights and evidence pertaining to the motivational dynamics and inherent value associated with participation in combat sports. Moreover, it critically assesses the role that competition plays in sustaining long-term engagement within the realm of combat sports.
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Ostrovskiy, Mykhailo, und Bogdan Vynogradskyi. „Competitive activity in Japanese traditional archery kyudo“. Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), Nr. 7(167) (15.07.2023): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.7(167).29.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of competitive activities in kyudo. The relevance of the research lies in the systematization of knowledge about the methods of conducting, types and organization of competitions in traditional Japanese archery – kyudo.
The purpose of the work is to determine the main features of competitive activity in Japanese traditional archery.
A scheme of classification of sports competitions in kyudo is proposed, which is built on the basis of established features: the level of kyudo mastery, scale, gender, shooting rituals, professional orientation, scoring form, age category of participants, tasks, nature of competition organization.
Three ways of determining the winners were also revealed – tekitchusei (a system of awarding points for hitting any part of the target), tokutensei (a point system for hitting a certain area of the target) and saitensei (a scoring system that also evaluates shooting technique).
2 types of competition programs in kyudo were identified – kinteki (competition at a short distance of 28 m) and enteki (competition at a long distance of 60 m). Based on the analysis of the general rules of kyudo competitions, a comparative scheme of these programs is proposed.
Some types of targets (mato) that can be used in Japanese archery are also analyzed and highlighted. It is worth noting that the targets are both black and white and colored, have different sizes, patterns, appointment etc. Among them are those used in the training of athletes, in competitive activities, in entertainment and demonstration events. The scientific work describes the constituent parts of mato.
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Wagner, Fabio, Holger Preuss und Thomas Könecke. „Measuring competitive intensity in sports leagues“. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 10, Nr. 5 (24.06.2020): 599–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-10-2019-0090.
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PurposeFor managers of sports leagues, it is crucial to produce an attractive competition. For that to happen, it is vital to consider that leagues frequently have more sub-competitions than “just” the championship. In European top football leagues, for instance, four sub-competitions are common (championship, qualification for Champions- or Europa League, avoiding relegation). This paper introduces a new method for measuring competitive intensity (CI) in round-robin sports leagues considering all relevant sub-competitions and applies it to Germany's Bundesliga.Design/methodology/approachThe newly developed model calculates a CI-Index for each sub-competition and the league as a whole. The application to the Bundesliga analyzes its viability and the development of the league's CI over the past 22 seasons.FindingsThe newly introduced CI-Indices prove to be a viable tool for evaluating a league's competitive intensity. The application to the Bundesliga shows that the seasonal CI dropped after 2009/10, which can mainly be attributed to a decline in the championship's CI.Practical implicationsThe results show that it is important to facilitate a high CI in each of Bundesliga's four sub-competitions. Efforts have to be made to ensure that especially the Europa League remains as attractive as possible for the participating teams and their fans because this sub-competition constantly makes the greatest contribution to the seasonal CI.Originality/valueThe new method measures competitive intensity by quantifying the different sub-competitions and their contribution to the seasonal CI. This allows the organizers of sports leagues to assess the intensity of the individual sub-competitions as well as the league as a whole.
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Bauer, Klemen, Janez Pustovrh, Bojan Jošt und Janez Vodičar. „THE STRUCTURE OF A BIATHLON SPRINT COMPETITION“. Kinesiologia Slovenica 25, Nr. 3 (05.01.2020): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.25.3.42-55.
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A biathlon sprint competition event consists of a number of segments (variables), i.e. cross country skiing time, range time, so-called time difference (also consisting the time of penalty loops), and shooting performance. In the research part, the study analyzed the interrelations of these variables and their correlations with competitive performance at the Biathlon World Championship sprint competition. Regression analysis showed that total cross country skiing time is the most important determinant of competitive performance (74%). Total shooting performance prone and standing explains for 17%, and total range time accounts for 9% of the criterion variable. Factorial analysis determined five factors which logically complete the competition outcome in a biathlon sprint competition. These factors are: cross country skiing performance, shooting performance in the first lap – prone shooting, shooting time in the second lap, shooting performance in the second lap – standing shooting, shooting time in the first lap. In this sprint competition, cross country skiing time was found to be the determining effect on the overall competitive performance under the assumption of a relatively high shooting performance (at that particular event the average shooting accuracy was 89%). Given the large group of potentially successful competitors and the thinning time gaps between them, the demands for competitive performance are increasing. In sprint competitions, cross country skiing speed has joined high shooting accuracy in the group of factors determining competitive performance, and elite biathletes often win advantage over other competitors by demonstrating very fast and accurate shooting.
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Raciti, Maria M. „Can an Index Approach Improve Social Marketing Competitor Analysis?“ Social Marketing Quarterly 27, Nr. 3 (13.07.2021): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15245004211031872.
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Background: Competitive forces influence social marketing efforts. Indeed, social marketers often find themselves “shadow boxing” various forms of competition throughout their interventions. Despite the seminal role of competition as a threat to social marketing intervention efficacy, few empirical studies have undertaken competitive analysis or compared the usefulness of competitive typologies. Thus, this paper proposes an index approach to categorize competitive typologies relevant to a specific social marketing intervention in terms of their ease of use, intuitiveness and generalisability to the broader social cause domain. The proposed index approach is illustrated with empirical data, undertaking a competitive analysis of forces obstructing efforts to address educational inequality in Australia, then comparing the ease of use, intuitiveness and generalisability of 15 competitive typologies noted in the social marketing literature to produce a competitor analysis index. Research Question: Which competitive typologies most effectively frame forces that inhibit educational equality social marketing efforts in Australia? Methods: Via interviews and focus groups, qualitative data were collected from 46 students from low socioeconomic status (LSES) backgrounds at six universities and sought to understand the influence of their home residence’s geographical remoteness on their university participation. The analysis revealed eight participant-identified differential competitors experienced by students from regional, rural and remote settings (LSES-R, n = 25, 54.4%) that were not experienced by those from metropolitan areas (LSES-M, n = 21, 45.6%). Fifteen competitive typologies were identified in the social marketing literature, and their capacity to frame these eight differential forces in terms of their ease of use, intuitiveness and generalisability was critiqued. Findings: Unlike their metropolitan counterparts, LSES-R participants experienced situational (n = 3), dispositional (n = 3) and goal pursuit (n = 2) competitive forces. The most effective competition typologies comprised two classification options that were distinctly different and could classify both the unfriendly and friendly competition that exists in social marketing. Five competitor typologies were identified as easy to use, intuitive and generalizable to the broader educational inequality domain. Together, these five competitor typologies form a competitor analysis index for educational inequality researchers and practitioners to enhance their intervention efficacy. Recommendations: Despite widespread agreement as to the importance of competitor analysis in social marketing, the efficacy of various typologies has received little attention. Social marketers are encouraged to critique competitor typologies before selecting those which enable effective decision-making. Furthermore, it is recommended that social marketers use a competitor analysis index comprised of multiple typologies to better capture the nebulous nature of the many different types of competitors that exist in a specific social marketing context. Limitations: The educational inequalities cause and qualitative method may constrain generalisability, but they exemplify the importance of competition typology choice and model how competitor analysis indexes can be developed.
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Meshcheryakov, Roman, und Boris Ilyukhin. „Review of robotics competition. Air robotics“. Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 11, Nr. 3 (September 2023): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.11301.
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The development of robotics technologies requires an increase in the level of scientific and technical develop-ments and the creation of a profile reserve, as well as the formation of a system for training highly qualified spe-cialists. One of the ways to assess the achieved level of development and qualifications of engineering teams is to hold competitions at various levels. The article provides an overview of various events in competitive robotics. The second part deals with competitions in water and air. The competitions are structured according to the format of the competition, the environment of functioning and the age of the participants. Conclusions are made about the pro-spects of various events of competitive robotics, as well as the relevance of some of them. The interrelationships of the competencies achieved when participating in competitions in various areas are presented, and a conclusion is made about the conduct of vocational guidance work.
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Meshcheryakov, Roman, und Boris Ilyukhin. „Review of robotics competition. Water robotics“. Robotics and Technical Cybernetics 11, Nr. 2 (Juni 2023): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31776/rtcj.11202.
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The development of robotics technologies requires an increase in the level of scientific and technical develop-ments and the creation of a profile reserve, as well as the formation of a system for training highly qualified spe-cialists. One of the ways to assess the achieved level of development and qualifications of engineering teams is to hold competitions at various levels. The article provides an overview of various events in competitive robotics. The second part deals with competitions in water and air. The competitions are structured according to the format of the competition, the environment of functioning and the age of the participants. Conclusions are made about the pro-spects of various events of competitive robotics, as well as the relevance of some of them. The interrelationships of the competencies achieved when participating in competitions in various areas are presented, and a conclusion is made about the conduct of vocational guidance work.
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Dru, Vincent. „Contexte d’identification nationale et compétition sportive : étude archivale“. STAPS 20, Nr. 48 (1999): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/staps.1999.1126.
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National identification and sport competition : an archival study The goal of this paper was to study, within sport area, the relationships between national identification and competitive behaviors. Social identity theory stated that social competition and intolerance toward the out-group can be used to deal with an insecure identity. The organization of tennis competitions with/without national risk (Davis Cup/individual competition) allowed to test the effect of a national identification context and league standing, as a threat to social identity, on competitive behaviors. An archival method (1990-1996) of collected results showed that competitiveness increases when tennis players’ national identity is threatened by the opponent’s superior league standing. Results are discussed according to the archival method used to explain behaviors in natural settings.
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Hebert, Carolyn. „Mini & Macho, Small & Sexy: The Perpetuation of Heteronormativity, Hegemonic Masculinity, and Femininity Within the Culture of Competitive (Jazz and Hip-Hop) Dance“. Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2016 (2016): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2016.28.
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This paper critically assesses the expectations of competitive jazz dance adjudicators and the effects of these expectations on the presentation of gendered and sexualized dance choreographies by private dance studios. Expectations for competitive dance students with regard to technical ability, execution of choreography, and age/gender (in)appropriateness are unclearly articulated by competitions and adjudicators throughout Canada and the United States. Nevertheless, parents and students enter into private dance studios with pre-conceived notions of what it takes to “win” at competition and demand that their training and choreography reflect this. The onus is on dance teachers and choreographers, then, to adhere to this rapidly evolving culture of dance competition, or otherwise risk losing customers and funds.This paper critically examines current trends in competitive jazz and hip-hop dance through interviews and conversations with three professional competition dance adjudicators. As a competitive dance studio choreographer and researcher, I question the role that competitive dance culture plays in the gendering and sexualization of amateur dancing bodies. Ultimately, what are the implications of the perpetuation of heteronormativity, hegemonic masculinity, and femininity through the dances created for competition on adolescent dancing bodies? What other options are available for private competitive dance studios wishing to simultaneously participate in and disrupt this culture without losing their businesses?
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Bauer, Klemen, Janez Pustovrh, Bojan Jošt und Janez Vodičar. „The performance structure of individual competition in biathlon“. Kinesiology 54, Nr. 1 (2022): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.54.1.16.
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Individual biathlon competition as an event consists of a number of segments (variables), i.e. cross-country skiing time, range time, so-called time difference, and shooting accuracy. In the research part, the study analysed the interrelations of these variables and their correlations with competitive performance at the Biathlon World Championship individual competition. Regression analysis showed that total cross-country skiing time was the most important determinant of competitive performance (55%). Total shooting performance prone and standing explains 39.5%, total range time accounts for 5% of the criterion variable, and time difference for 0.5%. The contestants hit 80.5% of all targets in this competition. Factor analysis determined seven factors that logically completed the competition outcome in a biathlon individual competition. These factors are: cross-country skiing performance; shooting time and range time; time difference; accuracy shooting 1 and total time in lap 1; accuracy shooting 2 and total time in lap 2; accuracy shooting 4 and total time in lap 4; and accuracy shooting 3 and total time in lap 3. Although we found in this competition a somewhat dominant contribution of the cross- country skiing itself to the final competitive performance, shooting accuracy is also very important in an individual biathlon competition. The results of men’s individual biathlon competitions at the last Olympics and World Championships show that it is still possible to win a medal with only one missed shot (two missed shots can only be afforded by the rare biathletes who are extremely fast skiers).
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LIN, GUO, und WAN-TONG LI. „Asymptotic spreading of competition diffusion systems: The role of interspecific competitions“. European Journal of Applied Mathematics 23, Nr. 6 (09.08.2012): 669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792512000198.
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This paper is concerned with the asymptotic spreading of competition diffusion systems, with the purpose of formulating the propagation modes of a co-invasion–coexistence process of two competitors. Using the comparison principle for competitive systems, some results on asymptotic spreading are obtained. Our conclusions imply that the interspecific competitions slow the invasion of one species and decrease the population densities in the coexistence domain. Therefore, the interspecific competitions play a negative role in the evolution of competitive communities.
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Yates, Janet K. „Construction Competition and Competitive Strategies“. Journal of Management in Engineering 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 1994): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)9742-597x(1994)10:1(58).
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Higgins, C. Wayne. „Competitive reform and nonprice competition“. Health Care Management Review 14, Nr. 4 (1989): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004010-198923000-00012.
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Packheiser, Julian, Roland Pusch, Clara C. Stein, Onur Güntürkün, Harald Lachnit und Metin Uengoer. „How competitive is cue competition?“ Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, Nr. 1 (14.08.2019): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819866967.
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Cue competition refers to phenomena indicating that learning about the relationship between a cue and an outcome is influenced by learning about the predictive significance of other cues that are concurrently present. In two autoshaping experiments with pigeons, we investigated the strength of competition among cues for predictive value. In each experiment, animals received an overexpectation training (A+, D+ followed by AD+). In addition, the training schedule of each experiment comprised two control conditions—one condition to evaluate the presence of overexpectation (B+ followed by BY+) and a second one to assess the strength of competition among cues (C+ followed by CZ−). Training trials were followed by a test with individual stimuli (A, B, C). Experiment 1 revealed no evidence for cue competition as responding during the test mirrored the individual cue–outcome contingencies. The test results from Experiment 2, which included an outcome additivity training, showed cue competition in form of an overexpectation effect as responding was weaker for Stimulus A than Stimulus B. However, the test results from Experiment 2 also revealed that responding to Stimulus A was stronger than to Stimulus C, which indicates that competition among cues was not as strong as predicted by some influential theories of associative learning.
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Oleshko, V. G., Tаngxun Yang, O. P. Torokhtiy und S. O. Putsoff. „Competitive Activity of Weightlifters at the XXXII Olympic Games 2020 in Tokyo: Results and Prospects“. Health, sport, rehabilitation 7, Nr. 4 (25.12.2021): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2021.07.04.06.
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Purpose: to study the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest weightlifters in the world at the Games of the XXXII Olympiad 2020 and to identify trends for further increasing their sports results, taking into account weight categories and gender differences.
Material and methods. By studying scientific literature, Internet resources, competition protocols, pedagogical observations, video recordings of competitions, we analyzed the achievements of 140 weightlifters who took part in the Games of the XXXII Olympiad 2020 in Tokyo and the number of countries they represented. All indicators of competitive activity and age characteristics were grouped according to the following principle: among the top 10 weightlifters in each weight category, as well as separately among the prize-winners of competitions among men and women.
Results. The sports results of the top 10 weightlifters of each weight category among men and women who took part in competitions, age characteristics, the rate of achievements in a sports career, the level of approaches implementation and international competition were analyzed.
Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the number of countries and licenses received by the athletes of these countries, world and Olympic records, the effectiveness of the performances of the world's leading weightlifters at the Olympic Games is shown. The optimal age for achieving the highest results, the age of the beginning of the sport for the prize-winners of the competition, the rate of achieving maximum results in a sports career, sports results, the level of implementation of competitive approaches, the rate of increase in achievements in competitive exercises, the value of starting results, the level of international competition in each weight category in men and women, the characteristics of the dynamics of the results of the most titled athletes during their sports career, who took part in the Olympic Games, are given.
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Hasegawa, Koh, und Koji Maekawa. „Role of visual barriers on mitigation of interspecific interference competition between native and non-native salmonid species“. Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, Nr. 9 (September 2009): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-071.
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Interspecific competition is a mechanism by which native salmonids can be replaced by non-native species. According to the two-species Lotka–Volterra competition model, replacement of the native species would occur when the non-native species has a competitive advantage over the native species and interspecific competition is more intense than competition within each of the two species. However, field observations have implied that visual barriers such as woody debris may slow down the replacement by mitigating interspecific competition. Using an experimental stream with white-spotted charr ( Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814)) as the native species and brown trout ( Salmo trutta L., 1758) as the non-native species, this study examined aggressive actions within and between species to assess the relative intensities of interspecific and intraspecific competitons within native species and the effect of visual barriers for reducing the relative intensity. In a sympatric and no-barrier treatment where trout was the dominant species, interspecific competition occurred more intensely than intraspecific competition among native charr. However, the relative intensity of interspecific competition decreased in a sympatric and with-barrier treatment. Our results suggest that interspecific competition may contribute to the replacement of native species by more competitive, non-native species. However, restoring visual barriers is a potential method to mitigate interference interactions and may deter the replacement.
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Gross, Daniel P. „Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production“. Review of Economics and Statistics 102, Nr. 3 (Juni 2020): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00831.
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Though fundamental to innovation and essential to many industries and occupations, individual creativity has received limited attention as an economic behavior and has historically proven difficult to study. This paper studies the incentive effects of competition on individuals' creative production. Using a sample of commercial logo design competitions and a novel, content-based measure of originality, I find that intensifying competition induces agents to produce original, untested ideas over tweaking their earlier work, but heavy competition drives them to stop investing altogether. The results yield lessons for the management of creative workers and the implementation of competitive procurement mechanisms for innovation.
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Broz, Amanda K., Daniel K. Manter, Ragan M. Callaway, Mark W. Paschke und Jorge M. Vivanco. „A molecular approach to understanding plant - plant interactions in the context of invasion biology“. Functional Plant Biology 35, Nr. 11 (2008): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08155.
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Competition is a major determinant of plant community structure, and can influence the size and reproductive fitness of a species. Therefore, competitive responses may arise from alterations in gene expression and plant function when an individual is confronted with new competitors. This study explored competition at the level of gene expression by hybridising transcripts from Centaurea maculosa Lam., one of North America’s most invasive exotic plant species, to an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh microarray chip. Centaurea was grown in competition with Festuca idahoensis Elmer, a native species that generally has weak competitive effects against Centaurea; Gaillardia aristata Pursh, a native species that tends to be a much stronger competitor against Centaurea; and alone (control). Some transcripts were induced or repressed to a similar extent regardless of the plant neighbour grown with Centaurea. Other transcripts showed differential expression that was specific to the competitor species, possibly indicating a species-specific aspect of the competitive response of Centaurea. These results are the first to identify genes in an invasive plant that are induced or repressed by plant neighbours and provide a new avenue of insight into the molecular aspects of plant competitive ability.
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del-Val, Ek, und Michael J. Crawley. „Interspecific competition and tolerance to defoliation in four grassland species“. Canadian Journal of Botany 82, Nr. 7 (01.07.2004): 871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-066.
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Herbivory and competition are known to influence plant performance. Recent investigations showed that tolerance is an important strategy for plant survival under herbivory, but few have examined its interaction with plant competition. We evaluated in a greenhouse experiment if plant tolerance to defoliation is related to species presence in a grazed habitat and how plant tolerance to herbivory changes in a competitive environment. Regrowth capacity of four grassland species, Trifolium repens L., Rumex acetosella L., Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh., and Senecio jacobaea L., was evaluated as the capacity to compensate for 75% of aboveground biomass removed. Target plants were also grown in competition with Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra, and different clipping treatments were applied. Plant biomass (above- and below-ground) was measured after 5 months. Rumex acetosella, T. repens, and S. jacobaea were able to compensate fully when grown alone. In competition, only R. acetosella was still able to regrow. In no case did clipping the competitor improve target plant performance (i.e., no beneficial effect from competitor release). These results highlight the importance of considering plant competition when studying plant responses to herbivory.Key words: herbivory, regrowth, competitor release, biomass compensation.
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Collins, B., und G. R. Wein. „Competition between native and immigrant Polygonum congeners“. Canadian Journal of Botany 71, Nr. 7 (01.07.1993): 939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-105.
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Coexistence of annual herbs Polygonum punctatum, a native, and Polygonum caespitosum, an immigrant, may result from (i) niche differentiation that reduces or avoids competition, (ii) competitive equivalence for shared resources, or (iii) interaction between a strong competitor and a species that tolerates competition. We investigated competitive interactions between the Polygonum congeners in a greenhouse experiment using plants grown from seed to seed set. Thinning profiles of monocultures were density dependent but did not differ between the species in monocultures. Biomass allocation to root, shoot, and racemes was not influenced by competition from conspecifics or congeners. Mature plant height and raceme production of both species were negatively affected by congener density; however, the species were not competitively equivalent. Polygonum caespitosum was suppressed into the shorter heights in mixture pots but produced more racemes at all but the greatest congener densities. Key words: competition, coexistence, annual herbs, immigrant.
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Tereshchenko, V. I., B. M. Koropatov und P. V. Nikolenko. „General questions of building the stage of pre-competition training“. Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), Nr. 5(136) (22.05.2021): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.5(135).29.
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Success in competition is ensured by long-term preparation, but direct pre-competition training (DPT) is of fundamental importance, with the help of which athletes must bring themselves to a state of high or the highest working capacity.
Modern views on the essence and construction of preliminary training stage most intensively began to be formed since the 1960s. The reason for this was the appearance of such fundamental projects, such as "Periodization of sports training" by L.P. Matveva, "The current system of sports training" by N.G. Ozolina, "The coach of athletics trainer" ed. L.S. Khomenkovoi.
The success in competitions is provided by long-term training, but fundamental importance has a direct pre-competition training (DPT), by which athletes should lead themselves to a state of high or the highest efficiency. If the goal of competition is only of training or control nature and athlete is not eager to achieve a high result, then DPT is not necessary before the starts. Such a combination of the process of training and participation in competitions may occur in the first competitions at the beginning of the competitive period. However, when there is a participating in high-level competitions or even more in the culminating competitions, in such an event, DPT is essential.
Mistakes in the building of the phase of the DPT are often the reason not only for an unsuccessful speech in the main competition, but it is also the reason for a slowed down growth of achievements and even deterioration of them. All training of an athlete can be considered successful if he shows the best result in the crucial competition with a significant progress in his accomplishments.
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Liu, Hao, Qingyu Guo, Hengshu Zhu, Fuzhen Zhuang, Shenwen Yang, Dejing Dou und Hui Xiong. „Who will Win the Data Science Competition? Insights from KDD Cup 2019 and Beyond“. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 16, Nr. 5 (31.10.2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511896.
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Data science competitions are becoming increasingly popular for enterprises collecting advanced innovative solutions and allowing contestants to sharpen their data science skills. Most existing studies about data science competitions have a focus on improving task-specific data science techniques, such as algorithm design and parameter tuning. However, little effort has been made to understand the data science competition itself. To this end, in this article, we shed light on the team’s competition performance, and investigate the team’s evolving performance in the crowd-sourcing competitive innovation context. Specifically, we first acquire and construct multi-sourced datasets of various data science competitions, including the KDD Cup 2019 machine learning competition and beyond. Then, we conduct an empirical analysis to identify and quantify a rich set of features that are significantly correlated with teams’ future performances. By leveraging team’s rank as a proxy, we observe “the stronger, the stronger” rule; that is, top-ranked teams tend to keep their advantages and dominate weaker teams for the rest of the competition. Our results also confirm that teams with diversified backgrounds tend to achieve better performances. After that, we formulate the team’s future rank prediction problem and propose the Multi-Task Representation Learning (MTRL) framework to model both static features and dynamic features. Extensive experimental results on four real-world data science competitions demonstrate the team’s future performance can be well predicted by using MTRL. Finally, we envision our study will not only help competition organizers to understand the competition in a better way, but also provide strategic implications to contestants, such as guiding the team formation and designing the submission strategy.
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Holland, Donal P., Gareth J. Bennett, George M. Whitesides, Robert J. Wood und Conor J. Walsh. „The 2015 Soft Robotics Competition [Competitions]“. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine 23, Nr. 3 (September 2016): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mra.2016.2587959.
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Pei, Wen, und Jeng-Huan Li. „Research on the competitive dynamics and structured context analysis“. Kybernetes 45, Nr. 10 (07.11.2016): 1542–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2015-0274.
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Purpose The credit card business has been one of the key businesses for banks in Taiwan. The purpose of this paper is to use competitive dynamics and structured context analysis (SCA) to explore the competition relationships among market, resources, and strategies concerning the credit card issued banks in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach The market commonality and resource similarity analysis of competitive dynamics in the first stage obtained the competitive mapping of four major credit card issue banks, as well as the differences of competition strategy. In the second stage, 1,968 pieces of data on credit card news from 2013 to 2014 were collected. SCA was used to analyze the competitive action, competitive response, number of responses, response lag, and response order. Findings The competitor mapping and four hypothesis obtained from competitive dynamics correspond to the credit card competition strategy, as obtained from SCA. Originality/value This research combined competitive dynamics and SCA to analyze the credit cards market in Taiwan. The research model could be used in the other financial market.
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Remiasa, Marcus, und Terry Sugiharto. „POSISI STRATEGI BERSAING BISNIS PEMBENIHAN UDANG VANAME DENGAN PENDEKATAN COMPETITIVE PROFIL MATRIX“. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen 6, Nr. 1 (04.03.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jrm.v6i1.26.
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The business competition of vannamei shrimp seed has strongly expanded by the increasing of Indonesian shrimp export. The businessman competesin preparing vannamei shrimp seed for Indonesian fisherman. The ability of competition has influenced in company competitive strategy. Thisresearch aimed to identify the position of competitive strategy and to know the strong and low point of critical success factor (CSF) in the businessof vannamei shrimp seed. This research used descriptive qulaititative research by using phenomenology. The technic of data collecting usedinterview and direct observation to the research subject. The research result by using Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) showed that the positionof competitive strategy in PT Semar Emas is not strong enough yet as its competitor, PT Dewa Ndaru. The competition ability of PT Semar Emascan be showed in critical success factor (CSF) with the low point in the old company management, the traditional marketing management, thegovernment policy and unstable economic condition. The strong point is in the product location of vannamei shrimp seed and the quality of humanresource.
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Long, Nicholas J. „Afterlives and Alter-lives“. Social Analysis 66, Nr. 4 (01.12.2022): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2022.660406.
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Abstract Indonesia has long employed competitions as means of improving ‘human resource quality,’ believing competitions to elicit fantasies of achievement that, even if unrealized, motivate participants to self-cultivate in ways generative for the nation. Meanwhile, scholarly critics argue that such policies encourage a counterproductive competitive individualism that serves the interests of neoliberal capitalism. This article complicates both of these understandings of what competition does. I show that Indonesians may participate in competitions out of a desire to provide for, and receive recognition from, family, mentors, and the state. When the afterlives of competition fail to live up to this ideal, competitors can become alienated from the relations and institutions they blame for thwarting the ‘alter-life’ that could have been, subsequently embracing individualism and the market.
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Tanji, Abbes, Robert L. Zimdahl und Philip Westra. „The competitive ability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) compared to rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and cowcockle (Vaccaria hispanica)“. Weed Science 45, Nr. 4 (August 1997): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088706.
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Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to study competition between wheat and rigid ryegrass or between wheat and cowcockle using additive series and growth analysis. Wheat was the dominant competitor with either weed. One wheat plant was as competitive as 1 1 or 19 rigid ryegrass plants in greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. One wheat plant was as competitive as three to 24 cowcockle plants, depending on environmental conditions. Dry weight of roots, leaves, stems, and spikes or capsules responded similarly to the effects of competition between wheat and rigid ryegrass or cowcockle. Shoot dry weight was the easiest, fastest, and least expensive component to measure competition. Growth analyses of individual plants showed that wheat had a greater leaf area, shoot and root dry weight, and absolute growth rate than rigid ryegrass or cowcockle, particularly early in the season. A range of 120 to 240 wheat plants m−2can minimize rigid ryegrass or cowcockle competition and achieve an acceptable grain yield in semiarid areas in Morocco.
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Suranova, Oksana. „Regulatory Impact of Competitions of Professional Skills in the Provision of Accommodation Services (Hotel Services) in Tourism“. Baikal Research Journal 14, Nr. 4 (29.12.2023): 1491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2411-6262.2023.14(4).1491-1501.
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In the conditions of development of inbound and domestic tourism in the Russian Federation, there is an increasing need for professional staff, including for the sphere of accommodation services (hotel services). In this regard, it is relevant to search for effective tools for the professional development of personnel, which include contests of professional excellence. The study studied the main goals and objectives of national and all-Russian professional competitions, assessed the regulatory impact of the regional competition «Irkutsk Hospitality» implemented in the Irkutsk region in the period 2012–2023. The increasing role of professional competitions held at the federal and regional level in the formation of competitive professionals (managers, mentors, receptionists (administrators), waiters, room service specialists (maids) and others), establishing a constructive dialog of parties interested in the development of accommodation services (hotel services), promotion of tourist areas. Recommendations aimed at strengthening the regulatory impact of regional competitions of professional excellence were developed, related to holding municipal stages of the competition in the territory of the Irkutsk region, expanding the number of participants and stakeholders, organizing the discussion of problematic issues within the framework of the competition (round tables, etc.), including the competition in the number of recognizable events in the region.
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Grainger, Tess Nahanni, Seth M. Rudman, Paul Schmidt und Jonathan M. Levine. „Competitive history shapes rapid evolution in a seasonal climate“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 6 (03.02.2021): e2015772118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015772118.
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Eco-evolutionary dynamics will play a critical role in determining species’ fates as climatic conditions change. Unfortunately, we have little understanding of how rapid evolutionary responses to climate play out when species are embedded in the competitive communities that they inhabit in nature. We tested the effects of rapid evolution in response to interspecific competition on subsequent ecological and evolutionary trajectories in a seasonally changing climate using a field-based evolution experiment with Drosophila melanogaster. Populations of D. melanogaster were either exposed, or not exposed, to interspecific competition with an invasive competitor, Zaprionus indianus, over the summer. We then quantified these populations’ ecological trajectories (abundances) and evolutionary trajectories (heritable phenotypic change) when exposed to a cooling fall climate. We found that competition with Z. indianus in the summer affected the subsequent evolutionary trajectory of D. melanogaster populations in the fall, after all interspecific competition had ceased. Specifically, flies with a history of interspecific competition evolved under fall conditions to be larger and have lower cold fecundity and faster development than flies without a history of interspecific competition. Surprisingly, this divergent fall evolutionary trajectory occurred in the absence of any detectible effect of the summer competitive environment on phenotypic evolution over the summer or population dynamics in the fall. This study demonstrates that competitive interactions can leave a legacy that shapes evolutionary responses to climate even after competition has ceased, and more broadly, that evolution in response to one selective pressure can fundamentally alter evolution in response to subsequent agents of selection.
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Suhaeni, Tintin. „Pengaruh Strategi Inovasi Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing di Industri Kreatif (Studi Kasus UMKM Bidang Kerajinan Tangan di Kota Bandung)“. Jurnal Riset Bisnis dan Investasi 4, Nr. 1 (04.06.2018): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jrbi.v4i1.992.
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The creative industry is one of sector that has rapid development in Indonesia, especially in Bandung. The part of this sector that tends to decrease every year or have smallest development level is Handicrafts. Although the number of businessman in this part is less than in food and beverage part, the competition between them is also fierce. The businessman should be the one who can decide the proper competitive strategy to survive in this competition. The other way to do to win the competition is applying innovation strategy towards the product so that it can be different from our competitor products and attract more customers. This research determined the relationship between innovation strategy and competitive advantage in the UKM handicraft business in Bandung. Linear regression will be used to determine this relationship.
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Arruza, Jose Antonio, Saioa Telletxea, Lorena Gil de Montes, Silvia Arribas, Gloria Balagué, Jose Antonio Cecchini und Robert J. Brustad. „Understanding the Relationship between Perceived Development of the Competition Plan and Sport Performance: Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and State Depression“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 109, Nr. 1 (August 2009): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.109.1.304-314.
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The effectiveness of competition plans on athletes' performance outcomes was assessed while accounting for the mediating influence of state depression and self-efficacy. Competition plans reflect an integrated and personalized plan that consists of a set of decision-making rules based on the principles of self-control and self-efficacy development that are tailored to the specific demands of an upcoming competition in a given sport and highly individualized to take into account the specific qualities of the athlete. The relationship between the development of a competition plan and athletes' evaluations of their competitive outcomes was of interest. 11 elite athletes participating in 104 competitions involving 7 different sports participated. Results support the beneficial effect of a well-developed competition plan in affecting athletes' perceived performance; the relationship was mediated by state depression and self-efficacy Coaches and sport psychologists should devote increased attention to the development and refinement of athletes' precompetition performance plans while also considering participants' self-efficacy and mood characteristics.
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Gomes, Andreia Maria da Anunciação, Sandra Maria Feliciano de Oliveira e Azevedo und Miquel Lürling. „Temperature Effect on Exploitation and Interference Competition amongMicrocystis aeruginosa,Planktothrix agardhiiand,Cyclotella meneghiniana“. Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/834197.
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We studied the effect of temperature (18 and 30°C) on growth and on the exploitation and interference competition of three species:Microcystis aeruginosa(MIJAC),Planktothrix agardhii(PAT), andCyclotella meneghiniana(CCAP). Coculturing the organisms in batch systems allowed for the examination of both competitive interactions, while the interference competition was studied in cross-cultures. The experiments were done during 10–12 days, and samples were taken for chlorophyll-aanalysis, using PHYTO-PAM. The temperature did not influence exploitation competition between MIJAC and other competitors and it was the best competitor in both temperatures. PAT presented higher growth rates than CCAP in competition at 18 and 30°C. The temperature influenced the interference competition. The growth of MIJAC was favored in strains exudates at 30°C, while CCAP was favored at 18°C, revealing that the optimum growth temperature was important to establish the competitive superiority. Therefore, we can propose two hypotheses: (i) different temperatures may results in production of distinct compounds that influence the competition among phytoplankton species and (ii) the target species may have different vulnerability to these compounds depending on the temperature. At last, we suggest that both the sensitivity and the physiological status of competing species can determine their lasting coexistence.
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Das, Adrian. „The effect of size and competition on tree growth rate in old-growth coniferous forests“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, Nr. 11 (November 2012): 1983–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-142.
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Tree growth and competition play central roles in forest dynamics. Yet models of competition often neglect important variation in species-specific responses. Furthermore, functions used to model changes in growth rate with size do not always allow for potential complexity. Using a large data set from old-growth forests in California, models were parameterized relating growth rate to tree size and competition for four common species. Several functions relating growth rate to size were tested. Competition models included parameters for tree size, competitor size, and competitor distance. Competitive strength was allowed to vary by species. The best ranked models (using Akaike’s information criterion) explained between 18% and 40% of the variance in growth rate, with each species showing a strong response to competition. Models indicated that relationships between competition and growth varied substantially among species. The results also suggested that the relationship between growth rate and tree size can be complex and that how we model it can affect not only our ability to detect that complexity but also whether we obtain misleading results. In this case, for three of four species, the best model captured an apparent and unexpected decline in potential growth rate for the smallest trees in the data set.
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Tagibov, Kazbek A. „Legal Mechanisms (Means) of Countering Unfair Competition“. Теория и практика общественного развития, Nr. 7 (26.07.2023): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.7.43.
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The main subject of the article is unfair competition, which threatens not only bona fide business entities, but also their work in general, which undermines their business activity, reduces the quality of goods, works and services on the market. This phenomenon remains a problem for most economic actors. Actions leading to reputational and financial damage are always oriented against a certain competitor. The consequences of vio-lations of generally accepted rules and norms of doing business are reflected in a particular commodity mar-ket, but do not achieve the main goal of removing the issue of competitive struggle from the agenda. Despite the active activity of the Federal Antimonopoly Service, unfair competition remains a common problem. The article considers the problem of counteracting unfair competition; the concept, types and peculiarities of this phenomenon are represented; the main civil law mechanisms (means) of its counteraction are described. As a result of the conducted research, several practically significant conclusions are formulated, focused on leveling the manifestations of unfair competition in the competitive environment of entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation.
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Liu, Shenhai. „Study on the Effect of Stability of Athletes’ Technical Movements on the Performance of Crossbow Shooting in Crossbow Shooting Competitions“. Learning & Education 10, Nr. 3 (07.11.2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i3.2388.
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As a competitive sport with minority characteristics, crossbow shooting has a long history of development in China’s minority regions. Research and analysis of the stability of the technical movements of athletes in crossbow shooting competition on the crossbow shooting competition performance research, for the analysis of minority crossbow shooting techniques, to promote the dissemination of minority crossbow shooting techniques have important positive reference significance. The article analyzes the influence of the stability of athletes’ technical movements on their performance in crossbow shooting competitions through mathematical and statistical methods, etc. It is intended to provide a reference for promoting the technical development of crossbow shooting movements and improving the performance of crossbow shooting athletes in competition.