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Thematische Bibliographien / Comparison of significant points / Bücher

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Bücher zum Thema „Comparison of significant points“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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1

Stegemann, Norbert. Der Anknüpfungsgesichtspunkt der most significant relationship nach dem Restatment of the laws, second, Conflict of the law 2nd, im deutschen internationalen Deliktsrecht und Vertragsrecht. Heidelberg: Esprint-Verlag, 1995.

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2

Anisha, Durve, Hrsg. Marma points of Ayurveda: The energy pathways for healing body, mind, and consciousness with a comparison to traditional Chinese medicine. Albuquerque, N.M: Ayurvedic Press, 2008.

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3

Huffman, Splane Verna, und University of California, San Francisco. School of Nursing., Hrsg. Chief nursing officer positions in national ministries of health: Focal points for nursing leadership. [San Francisco, CA]: Regents, University of California, 1994.

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4

Zhang, Wei. Politics and freedom of the press: A comparison of Australia and China with particular reference to coverage by two leading dailies of some significant events since 1970. [Sydney]: Australian Centre for Independent Journalism, 1997.

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5

Adu Boahen, Emmanuel, und Kwadwo Opoku. Gender wage gaps in Ghana: A comparison across different selection models. 10. Aufl. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/944-0.

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The wage of an individual is observed only when he/she is employed. However, getting employment requires two decisions. First, an individual has to decide to participate in the labour market, and second, an employer must decide to hire that individual. Since female labour market participation often differs from that of men, and employers’ decisions to hire may also be influenced by gender, it is appropriate to account for this double selection process. This study uses the latest household survey in Ghana to estimate gender wage gaps by correcting for this double selection process. We find that the average total gender wage gap is positive and significant irrespective of the sample selection correction method used. Our results indicate that women on average receive lower wages than men. Irrespective of the type of selection method used, our findings suggest that almost all the wage gap is a result of differences in returns, with only a small part coming from differences in observables. We find that the gender wage gap is smaller among formal wage employees and the gap decreases as education level increases. Although our findings indicate a similar trend in the wage gap across all specifications, the magnitude of the gap is sensitive to the choice of the model. This points to the need to be cautious about the choice of sample selection correction used to analyse gender wage gaps.

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6

Christiansen, Monty L. Points About Playgrounds: A Compilation of Significant Information. 2. Aufl. Natl Recreation & Park Assn, 1995.

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7

Christiansen, Monty L. Points About Playgrounds: A Compilation of Significant Information. Natl Recreation & Park Assn, 1993.

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8

L, Christiansen Monty, und National Recreation and Park Association., Hrsg. Points about playgrounds: A compilation of significant information. Arlington, Va: National Recreation & Park Association, 1993.

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9

Allen, Mike, Lars Benjaminsen, Eoin O'Sullivan und Nicholas Pleace. Ending Homelessness? Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447347170.001.0001.

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In recent years, across Europe, North America and the Antipodes, a significant number of countries, states and regions have devised strategies that aim to end long-term homelessness and the need to sleep rough. Long considered an intractable or ‘wicked’ social problem, the notion that homelessness could be ended represents a significant sea change in conceptualising and responding to homelessness. A key driver for states, regions and municipalities to devise plans to end homelessness, and an optimism that this policy objective can be achieved, is that there is an increasing research evidence base on what works to end homelessness. This increasingly sophisticated research evidence covers both the prevention of homelessness in the first instance and the support mechanisms that can ensure sustainable exits and stable, secure accommodation for people who have experienced homelessness. This book explores these issues through a detailed comparison of the experiences of Denmark, Finland and Ireland over the past decade. From 2008 to the end of 2018, the numbers living rough and in temporary and emergency accommodation showed a decline of 72 per cent in Finland, while the number of households in emergency accommodation increased by 300 per cent in Ireland; in Denmark, the number of adults in emergency accommodation increased by 12 per cent over the shorter time period of 2009–17. The purpose of this book is to offer explanations for stark variations in these outcomes despite similar starting points.

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10

Schneider, Axel, und Daniel Woolf. Editors’ Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0001.

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This concluding volume in The Oxford History of Historical Writing covers a very small period in comparison with some of its companions: barely two‐thirds of a century. As with the other volumes, the boundary dates are both fluid and imprecise: 1945 is a watershed date for the world in the sense that it marked the end of the Second World War and the division of Europe into a Western and an Eastern bloc. Elsewhere in the world, other dates are more meaningful: for China, 1949 is the critical year; and in much of Africa the decolonization of the 1950s and 1960s marked a significant rupture with past, colonial historiography. Unlike the earlier volumes, our period is also an unfinished one, for though some obvious sub‐periods are broken at points such as the early 1960s, the fall of European communism at the end of the 1980s, and the rapid rise of both globalization and radical Islam during the 1990s, it is difficult to predict, in early 2010 as this introduction is written, just where the story of post‐war historiography will end, or how. What ...

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11

Hutchinson, G. O. Density in Plutarch. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.003.0003.

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The next move is to show that when rhythmic phrases are more densely packed together than usual, the passage calls for heightened attention. This illustrated from the climax of Plutarch’s Adversus Colotem. Then, to avert the possibility of chance, the book looks at passages in the Lives where at least twenty rhythmic closes come closely together, with few interruptions from unrhythmic closes or longer phrases. When they are looked at as a group, they are clearly not random. They come much more frequently in the second of pairs of Lives: a point with big implications for the conception of the work. They often come at key moments in the narrative (death, disaster, responses to these, triumphant summations of achievement); they also show significant connections with philosophy, substantial speeches, and comparison—the last an aspect of the Lives which they highlight far beyond the official pairings.

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12

Hellman, Geoffrey, und Stewart Shapiro. The Classical Continuum without Points. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712749.003.0002.

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This chapter develops a “semi-Aristotelian” account of a one-dimensional continuum. Unlike Aristotle, it makes significant use of actual infinity, in line with current practice. Like Aristotle, this account does not recognize points, at least not as parts of regions in the space. The formal background is classical mereology together with a weak set theory. The chapter proves an Archimedean property, and establishes an isomorphism with the Dedekind–Cantor structure of the real line. It also compares the present framework to other point-free accounts, establishing consistency relative to classical analysis.

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13

A Comparison of Visual Fields with Fixed and Moving Fixation Points. Volume I. Storming Media, 2002.

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14

A Comparison of Visual Fields with Fixed and Moving Fixation Points. Volume II. Storming Media, 2002.

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15

Jeffrey, Waincymer. Part IX Costs, Funding, and Ideas for Optimization, 28 Optimizing the use of Mediation in International Arbitration: A Cost–Benefit Analysis of ‘Two Hat’ Versus ‘Two People’ Models. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0029.

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This chapter considers the question of whether an arbitrator may also adopt a mediation function or whether the dual roles are antithetical. It tests that hypothesis by engaging in a cost-benefit analysis of differing scenarios when mediation is utilized in an arbitral context. The prime comparison is between parallel mediation with a separate neutral and the alternative of a dual-role neutral. The three key points are: there should be much more mediation occurring at the international level, regarding both potential and actual arbitral disputes; a commercially minded arbitrator concerned for the parties’ good faith should encourage mediation where appropriate, in particular, when an adjudicated outcome will not be in the interests of either, usually because the dispute is a small part of a long-term relationship that can risk that relationship no matter who wins; and, while informed party autonomy should always support a dual-role neutral, in most factual permutations, informed parties could be expected to prefer parallel mediation provided there is full cooperation between mediator and arbitrator. The chapter argues that the relative benefits of the use of dual-role neutrals would be greatly outweighed by the costs in fairness and efficiency, and the inevitable need for a sub-optimal design of either or both dispute processes. The benefits would also be separately outweighed by the risks of significant disruption to any ensuing arbitration if a dual-role neutral fails to achieve a settlement.

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16

Marma Points of Ayurveda: The Energy Pathways for Healing Body, Mind, and Consciousness with a Comparison to Traditional Chinese Medicine. The Ayurvedic Press, 2015.

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17

Chittick, Andrew. The Jiankang Empire in Chinese and World History. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190937546.001.0001.

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This work offers a sweeping reassessment of the Jiankang Empire (third to sixth centuries CE), known as the Chinese “Southern Dynasties.” It shows how, although one of the medieval world’s largest empires, Jiankang has been rendered politically invisible by the standard narrative of Chinese nationalist history, and proposes a new framework and terminology for writing about medieval East Asia. The book pays particular attention to the problem of ethnic identification, rejecting the idea of “ethnic Chinese,” and delineating several other, more useful ethnographic categories, using case studies in agriculture/foodways and vernacular languages. The most important, the Wuren of the lower Yangzi region, were believed to be inherently different from the peoples of the Central Plains, and the rest of the book addresses the extent of their ethnogenesis in the medieval era. It assesses the political culture of the Jiankang Empire, emphasizing military strategy, institutional cultures, and political economy, showing how it differed from Central Plains–based empires, while having significant similarities to Southeast Asian regimes. It then explores how the Jiankang monarchs deployed three distinct repertoires of political legitimation (vernacular, Sinitic universalist, and Buddhist), arguing that the Sinitic repertoire was largely eclipsed in the sixth century, rendering the regime yet more similar to neighboring South Seas states. The conclusion points out how the research reorients our understanding of acculturation and ethnic identification in medieval East Asia, generates new insights into the Tang-Song transition period, and offers new avenues of comparison with Southeast Asian and medieval European history.

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18

Porter, Hilda Monaghan. A COMPARISON OF PERCEPTIONS OF CANCER PATIENTS AND SIGNIFICANT KEY OTHERS OF PATIENTS' QUALITY OF LIFE AND SYMPTOM DISTRESS. 1995.

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19

Andrews, Frances. Como and Padua. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0039.

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This chapter takes as its starting point Chris Wickham’s emphasis on the importance and difficulties of comparative history (if on a small scale). It compares the engagement of viri religiosi in communal offices in two cities and their contadi in northern Italy: Padua and Como, which in the first half of the thirteenth century adopted contrasting approaches to this practice. In Como, already by 1216, otherwise unidentified fratres qui supersunt ad cartas were responsible for dealing with the commune’s creditors, and within a few decades the city’s treasurers (canevarii) were usually fratres regulares. Some rural communes in the hinterland took to using fratres in similar ways. Como’s adoption of this ‘religious’ solution to staffing key offices is precocious, but a similar pattern can be identified in the following decades in numerous northern and central Italian cities and contadi. This has, surely correctly, been linked to the rise of pro-papal guelfism in the middle of the century. By contrast, Padua seems to be an exception, with no evidence for the employment of fratres in urban office either before, during, or after the period of domination by the Ezzelini (1237–1256). Yet in the early 1200s the Ezzelini were already regionally significant leaders, and were aligned against the imperial cause. The comparison is not intended to explain a silence in the records, but as an exploration of approaches to these differences, a case-study of communal practices, political factionalism and ecclesiastical communities.

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20

Italia-Turchia: Due punti divista confronto : convegno internazionale, Università di Pavia, 26-27 aprile 1990 = Turkey and Italy : two points of view in comparison. [Pavia]: Facoltà di scienze politiche dell'Università di Pavia, 1992.

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21

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Gregory Thomas MD, Nancy Clark Burton Ph.D., Charles Mueller, Elena Page MD und Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Comparison of Mold Exposures, Work-related Symptoms, and Visual Contrast Sensitivity between Employees at a Severely Water-damaged School and Employees at a School without Significant Water Damage. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2010.

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22

Holl, Rita Mary. THE EFFECT OF ROLE-MODELED VISITING IN COMPARISON TO RESTRICTED VISITING ON THE WELL-BEING OF CLIENTS WHO HAD OPEN HEART SURGERY AND THEIR SIGNIFICANT FAMILY MEMBERS IN THE CRITICAL CARE UNIT. 1992.

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23

Bailey, Doug. Southeast European Neolithic Figurines. Herausgegeben von Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.040.

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This chapter discusses the diverse approaches to fired clay figurines from the Neolithic of southeastern Europe (6500–3500 bp) and suggests that although significant progress has been made in recent work, there remain significant limitations to our understanding of how these objects were used and what they meant to people in the Neolithic. Critical discussion focuses on the most significant (even if misguided) approaches: archaeomythology, cult, and religion; fragmentation and breakage; corporeality and materiality; communication; identity, status, and social structure; and formal description and comparison. The chapter concludes with a radical proposal: an art/archaeology approach that disarticulates the figurines from their original prehistoric contexts, uses, and meanings, and exploits them to make new evocative work.

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24

Crouch, Robert, Alan Charters, Mary Dawood und Paula Bennett, Hrsg. General principles of emergency nursing. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688869.003.0001.

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Emergency nursing is one of the most challenging specialties in nursing. It requires nurses to manage ambiguity and rapid changes in pace and intensity of work, and to have a knowledge of a significant number of clinical presentations, diseases, and conditions. This chapter provides a summary of the key points that nurses should keep in mind.

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25

Calamari, John E., Heather M. Chik, Noelle K. Pontarelli und Brandon L. DeJong. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Herausgegeben von Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0016.

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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex, often debilitating syndrome that significantly diminishes quality of life. Although the exact prevalence of OCD is unclear, estimates suggest that it is a common form of psychopathology in the West and throughout the world. A challenge to researchers and clinicians is the significant heterogeneity of OCD. Initial heterogeneity research points to important subtypes of the disorder. Elucidation of disorder heterogeneity might advance etiologic theory and treatment research, and suggest where OCD or OCD-like conditions should be placed in a comprehensive psychiatric disorder nosology. OCD more often occurs with other psychiatric disorders, and evaluation of OCD comorbidity will help clarify this condition’s relation to anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and conditions posited to be part of a broad OCD spectrum. Despite significant advancements, much work remains before we can fully understand obsessional disorders and the relation of OCD to commonly experienced negative intrusive thoughts.

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26

Ito, Junko, und Armin Mester. A prosodic account of consonant gemination in Japanese loanwords. Herausgegeben von Haruo Kubozono. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754930.003.0013.

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This chapter is a study of the distribution of geminate consonants in Japanese loanwords, which differs in significant ways from their distribution in native words. Both prosodic markedness and faithfulness to the source word plays a central role. Sometimes, such as in loanwords from Italian, geminates are preserved as such. But usually, as in loanwords from English, gemination is a way of preserving word-final coda-hood in the source word. Whether or not a given consonant is geminated depends on a host of complex segmental factors that are the result of a whole family of anti-gemination constraints, ranked at different points within the constraint hierarchy of an optimality-theoretic grammar. Finally, significant higher-level prosodic factors that are part of the native system are at work, and explain many details of the gemination pattern that are rooted neither in faithfulness to the source word nor in segmental features.

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27

Stivens, Maila. Making Spaces in Malaysia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788553.003.0012.

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This chapter explores the significance of gender relations, gendered action, and women’s rights claims in making new politics, new publics, and new private spheres within the Malaysian national Islamic modernity project. The closely entwined moral projects of a modernizing state and revivalist Islam, especially the highly gendered cultural politics of the recent Islamizing order, have posed significant challenges for both Muslim and non-Muslim activists seeking spaces for women’s rights claims. Rejecting a simplistic association of struggles for gender justice with secularisms and secular modernity, however, the chapter points to the roles of Muslim women in the long histories of women’s organizations and women’s sections of parties, and the importance of women’s active engagements in the remaking of Muslim thought and practice in recent years. Contemporary womanist and feminist dialogue and practice are seen as highly significant elements in the ongoing reshaping of “public” and “private” spaces alike.

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28

Taylor, Caroline. Dietary and environmental exposures in pregnancy. Herausgegeben von Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0003.

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There is increasing recognition of the importance of both nutrition and environmental exposures in pregnancy as prenatal events are increasingly thought to have a significant impact on the emergence of later disease, as well as on many crucial aspects of child development. This chapter provides an overview of the evidence for the importance of nutrition and environmental exposures both preconceptually and in pregnancy on the long-term health and development of the child, and provides some recommendations for action points by health professionals.

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29

Mashhoon, Bahram. Linearized Gravitational Waves in Nonlocal Gravity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803805.003.0009.

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Gravitational radiation is investigated within the framework of linearized nonlocal gravity. In this theory, linearized gravitational waves are damped as they travel from the source to the receiver. This gravitational memory drag leads to the exponential decay of the wave amplitude. The damping effect could be significant for waves with very long wavelegths comparable to galactic distances. More generally, for gravitational waves with wavelengths comparable to the basic nonlocality lengthscale of order 1 kpc, the nonlocal deviations from general relativity can be significant. However, gravitational waves of current observational interest have wavelengths that are very small in comparison with 1 kpc; in this case, the nonlocal deviations from general relativity essentially average out and can be safely neglected in practice.

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30

Richardson, James T. Legal Dimensions of New Religions. Herausgegeben von James R. Lewis und Inga Tøllefsen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.11.

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Of the various dimensions of the “cult” controversy, the legal arena is the most significant in terms of its direct impact on the organizational functioning of NRMs. This chapter provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of NRM-related legal developments in the U.S. and a survey of efforts to control new religions around the world. These developments are also analyzed in terms of the sociology of law, and points out that an important factor fueling anti-NRM sentiment in at least some countries derives from antagonism to American cultural influence.

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31

Callender, Craig. The Flow of Time: Stitching the World Together. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797302.003.0011.

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Of all the ways time is distinguished from space, perhaps the idea that time flows but space does not is among the most significant and pervasive. Can we explain why a subject embedded in a relativistic spacetime would think time flows? This chapter defends the idea that the “illusion” of time flowing is due to the conception of the self as enduring. To the extent possible, it tries to flesh out this theory with a few points from cognitive metaphor theory and developmental psychology. The resulting picture is an improvement upon the traditional memory-based conception of flow.

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32

Chen, Cheng. Comparing Post-communist Authoritarianism in Russia and China. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.003.0008.

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The studies of post-communist Russia and China have traditionally been dominated by single-case studies and within-region comparisons. This chapter explores why the CAS of post-communist Russia and China is difficult, why it is rare, and how it could yield significant and unique intellectual payoffs. The cross-regional comparative study of anti-corruption campaigns in contemporary Russia and China is used as an example in this chapter to argue that a well-matched and context-sensitive comparison could reveal significant divergence in the elite politics and institutional capacities of these regimes that would otherwise likely be obscured by single-case studies or studies restricted to one single geographical area such as “Eastern Europe” or “East Asia.” By breaking Russia and China out of their respective “regions,” the CAS perspective thus enables us to better capture the full range of existing diversity of post-communist authoritarianism.

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33

Cantrell, Bryan, Blair Chadwick und Anna Cahill. Fruit Fly Fighters. CSIRO Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090057.

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The campaign to eradicate the papaya fruit fly from north Queensland has been widely acknowledged by international scientists as a significant technical achievement that equals any similar control program world-wide. Fruit Fly Fighters is a highly readable and practical account of the whole campaign from 1995 when the papaya fruit fly was first discovered until 1999 when eradication was formally declared. Key aspects covered include: The emergency response; Campaign management; The growers' perspective; Monitoring, eradication, data management; quarantine, traffic control points; market access for fruit from infected areas; public relations; and research and development. The operating manuals and other reports are in a CD-ROM that accompanies this book.

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34

Hanley, Ryan Patrick. Hume and Smith on Moral Philosophy. Herausgegeben von Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.31.

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Scholars of eighteenth-century Scottish philosophy today tend to agree that Adam Smith, while deeply indebted to Hume, was also engaged in a comprehensive and creative transformation and extension of certain of Hume’s fundamental concepts. But what exactly did Smith take from Hume, and precisely how did he transform these concepts? This chapter traces Smith’s appropriation and transformation along five fronts: sympathy and humanity, justice and utility, judgment and impartiality, virtue and commercial society, and epistemology and religion. In so doing, it aims to provide a synthetic account of previous scholarship on the Hume–Smith relationship and to supplement these accounts with an examination of several further points of contact that have yet to receive significant attention.

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35

Casas, Juan F., und Alicia A. Bower. Developmental Manifestations of Relational Aggression. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on a review of the pertinent literature examining the developmental manifestations of engagement in relational aggression across the life course, from infancy to old age. Throughout the chapter, special attention is paid to the normative developmental changes taking place in the various domains of development that are believed to underlie the significant alterations taking place in the expression of relational aggression. While the primary emphasis is on changes in relational aggression in the peer group, a review of important differences across contexts (e.g., school, work, etc.) and close relationships (siblings, friendships, romantic relationships, etc.) are also discussed, as are important technological advances that have helped shape the form of these behaviors at different points in development.

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36

Moses, Jonathon W., und Bjørn Letnes. The Ethics of Petroleum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787174.003.0010.

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This chapter considers the role of international oil companies (IOCs) as global political actors with significant economic and political power. In doing so, we weigh the ethical costs and benefits for individuals, companies, and states alike. Using the concepts of “corporate social responsibility” (CSR) and “corporate citizenship” as points of departure, we consider the extent to which international oil companies have social and political responsibilities in the countries where they operate and what the host country can do to encourage this sort of behavior. We examine the nature of anticorruption legislation in several of the sending countries (including Norway), and look closely at how the Norwegian national oil company (NOC), Statoil, has navigated these ethical waters.

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Briggs, Andrew, Hans Halvorson und Andrew Steane. On the way. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808282.003.0009.

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In this the second of the three autobiographical chapters, Andrew Steane (A.S.) recounts some of his experiences. He describes a life at a crossing-point of conservative and liberal forms of Christian witness, and conscious of both modern-day atheist and theist values and points of view. This has been difficult but, hopefully, creative. A.S. describes his reading of Bertrand Russell as a young man, and of later being waylaid by Richard Dawkins’ The God Delusion. He gives brief reactions and asks what the reaction to such books shows us about contemporary culture. More penetrating authors have been Rowan Williams, R. S. Thomas, Brian McLaren, and N. T. Wright. A.S. describes aspects of Christian community life that have proved positive and significant for him.

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38

Yew, Lai Cheng, und E. Jane Maher. Communication in non-surgical oncology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0048.

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The non-surgical oncologist is involved in almost every patient’s cancer journey be it at diagnosis, during treatment, at follow-up, at recurrence, through survivorship, and even at the end of life. Communication issues will arise at all of these stages and will need to consider the complexities of the whole patient. There are key communication points when patients shift from different health states (e.g. diagnosis of cancer, completion of initial anti-cancer treatment, recurrence, each time treatment is no longer ‘working’ and disease is progressing, diagnosis of significant, irreversible, treatment-related effects, moving from living with incurable cancer, to dying with cancer). Effective communication is associated with better outcomes including adherence to advice, patient empowerment, quality of life, and survival.

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Jones, Mark R., Matthew Novitch, Graham R. Hadley, Alan D. Kaye und Sudhir A. Diwan. Thoracic Spine Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0008.

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Thoracic spinal pain (TSP) tends to receive less attention from clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic research communities owing to a reduced incidence in comparison to pain arising from cervical and lumbar derangement. Nevertheless, TSP can be similarly disabling to other forms of spinal pain, imposing significant burdens on the individual and society. Thoracic pain may arise from a multitude of underlying pathologies, including angina pectoris, herpes zoster infection, thoracic disc herniations, pulmonary or pleural tumors, and aneurysms. This chapter focuses on TSP of musculoskeletal origin; however, a thorough history and physical are imperative to avoid overlooking a potentially life-threatening condition.

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Settje, David E. Evil Deeds in High Places. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479803149.001.0001.

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Christians today participate as a significant force in politics, asserting their historic role as arbiters of morality and ethics in the process despite being of very different minds about what that means. Evil Deeds in High Places examines Christian responses to the Watergate affair that brought about the debate over impeachment and resignation of Richard M. Nixon. It demonstrates how Christians contributed to the debate over this moral and ethical crisis, and reveals how the Watergate moment became a turning point in twentieth-century American history for Christian engagement with politics. This study uncovers Protestant reactions to Watergate and traces the long-term effects of Protestants’ efforts on the American political landscape. The sampling of periodicals, denominations, and individuals herein presents much diversity in terms of theological and political outlooks, to further highlight the many points of view that a “Christian lens” contributes. Within Protestant Christianity there were significant variations in responses to the proceedings, offering an important step in surfacing the opinions of everyday Americans to Watergate. Moreover, the engagement of Protestants with the political crisis had particularly important ramifications for American politics, which persist to this day. Protestants engaged Watergate in order to solve the moral catastrophe and, as a result, intensified their political activities. In inching into this realm, they became accustomed to having political influence.

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Schmaltz, Tad M. Spinoza and Descartes. Herausgegeben von Michael Della Rocca. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195335828.013.003.

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This article considers the relation of Spinoza’s thought to the project in Descartes of providing new foundations for philosophy. The importance of this relation is indicated by the fact that Spinoza’s first published work is a reconstruction of portions of Descartes’s Principia Philosophiae. Following a consideration of this reconstruction that highlights the ways in which its views differ from Spinoza’s own, there is an examination of the manner in which Spinoza revises the foundational claims in Descartes concerning the nature of body as an extended thing, the nature of mind as a thinking thing, and the nature of God as infinite substance. Whereas Spinoza deviates in important ways from Descartes’s conception of extension and thought, there are some significant points of agreement with respect to Descartes’s doctrine of God’s creation of eternal truths.

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Hay, John. Jack London’s Sci-Fi Finale. Herausgegeben von Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.22.

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Jack London is often pigeonholed as a literary naturalist, but his interests aligned with a science fiction tradition. Over the course of his career, London increasingly set his narratives in the ancient past and the distant future. These fictional temporal environments provided him with new vantage points with which to explore the political relationship between individualism and nationalism, an exploration that intensified in his later work. His little-known 1912 novella The Scarlet Plague, one of the earliest examples of postapocalyptic fiction, reimagined the western frontier in a new age. Its combination of a doomed heroic individual and a struggling Darwinian population set the tone for American postapocalyptic tales to come. An examination of this novella in its historical and compositional context reveals it to be a significant step forward in London’s literary development.

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Rosberger, Zeev, Sylvie Aubin, Barry D. Bultz und Peter Chan. Communication and cancer-related infertility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0042.

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Cancer and cancer therapies (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy, radiation) may have a significant impact on fertility for both young men and women, resulting in distress regarding future parenting options. Fertility preservation (FP) is available through sperm cryopreservation and for women through oocyte or embryo cryopreservation. While normal fertility will occur after treatment for many patients in the survivorship phase, assisted reproductive therapy (ART) may be the only option for some. Because of this uncertainty, healthcare providers must discuss this challenge immediately after diagnosis to facilitate decision-making regarding FP, and at all points along the continuum with patients and their families to ensure that the right information and choices are clearly shared. Research has shown that timely communication can result in successful outcomes for patients wishing to have children after treatment completion.

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Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin. The Truncated German Social Investment Turn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0020.

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Traditionally Germany has been categorized as the archetypical conservative welfare state, a categorization not systematically questioned in much of the comparative welfare state regime literature. For many scholars Germany was largely stuck and unable to reform its coordinated market economy and welfare state arrangements at the turn of the twenty-first century, due to a large number of veto points and players and the dominance of two ‘welfare state parties’. More recent research has highlighted a widening and deepening of the historically institutionalized social protection dualism, whilst at the same time significant family policy transformations, which can be considered as partially in line with the social investment paradigm, have been emphasized. This chapter sets out to sketch the main policy developments and aims to identify political determinants of social policy change in Germany.

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Álvarez, Marco Antonio Santamaría. The Sceptre and the Sickle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198767206.003.0007.

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The Orphic Hieros Logos in Twenty Four Rhapsodies is one of the last Greek theogonies dating between the late Hellenistic and early Imperial era. The chapter seeks to analyse the way in which divine power is transmitted through six subsequent divine kingships, from Uranus to Dionysus, in the Rhapsodies. In doing so, it argues for a series of significant theological innovations in comparison to both Hesiod’s Theogony and previous Orphic theogonies (Derveni papyrus). The main novelty is that the violent transmission (as symbolized by the sickle) is complemented by the voluntary and pacific transmission (as symbolized by the sceptre), performed by Phanes, Night, and Zeus.

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Harris, Ellen T. The Tenbury Manuscript. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271664.003.0003.

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A comparison of the earliest surviving score and libretto with the playtext from the production of 1700 that incorporated Dido and Aeneas into Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure reveals significant discrepancies among the three sources. An evaluation of these provides information on line designations (who sings what) and vocal ranges (what type of singer plays each role). This process reveals that instances of the role of the Second Woman being eliminated occurred early on. Although the Tenbury manuscript lacks a setting of the Prologue, a comparison of the characters in the Prologue text and main text suggests the vocal ranges of the soloists, and the singers listed in a production of Eccles’s The Loves of Mars and Venus, a work coupled with Dido and Aeneas in 1704, provides still more evidence on vocal ranges. The choruses and dances of Dido and Aeneas are discussed in terms of their relationship and placement.

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Galadza, Daniel. The Lectionary of Jerusalem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812036.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the scriptural readings of the Liturgy of St James, focusing on the lectionary of Jerusalem. Gospel and epistle reading cycles of the liturgical calendar are presented and analysed. The chapter complements and updates the work of biblical scholars who identified a distinct Hagiopolite pericope order. Unlike Constantinople, Greek and Georgian manuscripts from Jerusalem preserve Old Testament readings at the Sunday Divine Liturgy. The subsequent disappearance of these readings during the liturgy in Jerusalem points to Byzantinization. Certain Hagiopolite reading cycles, such as Gospel readings in Easter Week, were assimilated into the Byzantine rite as the matins Gospels throughout the year. The text of the Jerusalem lectionary itself reveals significant variants, including interpolations not found in other biblical traditions. These divergences point to a particular familiarity with the scriptures, as well as to a distinct exegetical tradition.

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Stoneman, Paul, Eleonora Bartoloni und Maurizio Baussola. Product Innovation and Price Measurement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816676.003.0011.

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This chapter addresses how innovation may affect price measurement—a key issue for the accuracy of measures of principal economic indicators and a long-discussed one. Two main changes related to product innovation are important in this context: new goods (which are often cheaper) are driving old goods out of the market; and new products often offer improved quality. The literature suggests that a failure to properly account for these has added 0.8 percentage points per year to the measured Consumer Price Index in the United States. Quality adjustment approaches in all OECD countries have converged towards general methodological guidelines that represent a common knowledge base. The hedonic methodology is applied in a significant number of countries and for specific categories of goods, in particular electronic products. The use of this approach is exemplified and the impact on price indexes evaluated.

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Youde, Jeremy. The Evolution of Global Health Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813057.003.0004.

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English School theorizing specifically emphasizes the evolutionary and adaptive nature of international institutions, and global health governance institutions have undergone significant evolution and adaptation since the mid-nineteenth century. Since the first efforts to promote international cooperation on quarantine regulations, global health governance has become increasingly institutionalized, expanded to include a broad range of actors, and broadened its normative orientation. This chapter examines the evolution of global health governance by focusing on seven key moments and institutions: the International Sanitary Conferences; the League of Nations Health Office; the World Health Organization; the Health for All by 2000 movement; the International Health Regulations; the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. These seven points illustrate both the changes within global health governance and the changing ideas about moral obligation and responsibility.

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Stefan, Vogenauer. Ch.4 Interpretation, Art.4.1. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0076.

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This commentary focuses on Article 4.1 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning intention of the parties. Art 4.1 is the basic rule of contractual interpretation under the PICC. It consists of two paragraphs that provide for two different points of reference that may be significant in the interpretation of a contract. The meaning of a contractual term must be determined with reference to the meaning that the parties intended it to have. If such a common intention cannot be established, the meaning must be determined with reference to a standard of reasonableness. This commentary discusses contractual interpretation according to the common intention of the parties and according to the understanding of reasonable persons, the relationship between Art 41(1) and (2), interpretation of standard terms, and burden of proof with respect to intention.

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