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Prošková, A., J. Kučera, Z. Kopicová und L. Škarková. „Comparison of three methods for rendering plant fat transesterification“. Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, No. 2 (31.05.2013): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/19/2011-rae.
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Three most frequently used methods for fat transesterification were compared using rendering plant fat (RPF) as model. Acid-catalysed transesterification was found to be the most effective (conversion 90%) at optimum conditions (fat: methanol ratio 1:10, sulphuric acid amount of 2% v/v, temperature 95°C). Base-catalysed transesterification of RPF on the other hand, results in much lower conversion (45%) at optimum conditions (fat:methanol ratio 1:20, NaOH amount 8% w/v, optimum temperature 95°C). The difference is done (among others) by the fact that RPF has high concentration of free acid (high acidity number) compared with the fats usually used for transesterification and that free acids are not esterified in alkaline media. Enzyme-(lipase) catalysed reaction could lead to partial esterification of free fatty acids, but with much lower reaction velocity. This fact leads to higher conversion in the case of enzyme-catalysed transesterification of RPF compared with base-catalysed reaction; nevertheless, even in this case the conversion is much lower in comparison with acid-catalysed reaction. The optimum conversion in enzyme-catalysed reaction was 55%.
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Leanza, Vito. „Tension-Free Mini-Invasive Anti-Incontinence Procedures: Comparison Among Three Main Pathways“. Open Women's Health Journal 6, Nr. 1 (02.11.2012): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874291201206010030.
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Ghasemian, Abdolmajid, Shirin Ebrahimi, Rashid Jamei und Seyyed Mostafavi. „In Silico Comparison of Disulfide-Bearing and Disulfide-Free Phytases among Microorganisms“. Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences 7, Nr. 1 (16.02.2017): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-5951.2017.07.01.4.
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Rusli, Rusreena, Fatihah Hashim, Nurhafeza Mohd Akhir und Nasiha Nasrudin. „LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS) PREFERENCE AMONG MALAYSIAN EDUCATORS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN GOOGLE CLASSROOM AND MICROSOFT TEAMS“. Asian People Journal (APJ) 6, Nr. 2 (31.10.2023): 212–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2023.6.2.527.
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The integration of a learning management system (LMS) into higher education and other educational levels has become a significant factor in the adoption of digital learning approaches. With a vast array of options available, making accurate decisions in this dynamic landscape poses challenges. This paper seeks to streamline the selection process and ensure the most suitable match for an institution's particular goals and needs. This research primarily centres on the investigation of free e-learning platforms, chosen for their cost-effectiveness and alignment with the study's specific scope. Hence, this research explores the preferences of Malaysian educators concerning LMS usage, focusing on a specific comparison between Google Classroom and Microsoft Teams. The research employed a quantitative approach, utilising an online survey to collect and record domain comparisons. The results revealed that educators showed a preference for Google Classroom over Microsoft Teams when it came to teaching and facilitation. Several factors contributed to this preference, as evident from the analysis of the collected data, which fell into three main categories: functional suitability, compatibility, and portability. It is hoped that this study will help Malaysian educators to comprehend the suitability of technology for learning and the exchange of knowledge to benefit the students, institutions and the country in general.
Keywords: E-Learning; Language Learning Platform; Learning Management System; Malaysian Educators; Platform Comparison
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Nicomrat, Duongruitai, Paisan Kanthang und Siriphatrc Chamutpong. „The Relationships among Microorganisms in Paddy Soil of Rice Varieties at Sanamchaikate, Chachoengsao“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (Juni 2017): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.144.
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The research was conducted to understand the diversity of microbial communities in the rice cultivars KDM 105 in the rice fields at Sanamchaikate, Chachoengsao Province. The culturing bacterial community in paddy soil before planting, during the planting and sowing of rice, and after rice collection as well as isolation of free nitrogen fixing bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were identified by molecular comparision of 16S small subunit rRNA genes as well as species diversity and their richness by Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Culturable bacterial isolates in the soil around the roots of rice varieties were determined for their physical appearances on the solid culture (Plate culturing method) and the microscopic observation under light microscope. It was found that bacteria in the paddy soil complemented with organic fertilizers and no pesticide application for over five years had a pH range from 5.2 to 5.5 cultivated jasmine rice, 8-9 log Units of free N2-fixing bacteria near the roots compared with those in other area having 4-5 log Units. Most of them were identified to be Pseudomonas sp. Microbacterium sp. Bacillus sp. Stenotrophomonas sp. and Burkholderia sp., by homology comparison of 16S rDNA gene at 98, 97, 99, 99.5, and 99%, respectively. This research revealed the recognizable complex and change in soil bacteria presented in paddy ecosystem. In any critical change of to the soil, the study of microbial diversity, compositions and their richness can be further useful for indicating proper soil management.
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Carraro, Attilio, Antonio Paoli und Erica Gobbi. „Affective response to acute resistance exercise: a comparison among machines and free weights“. Sport Sciences for Health 14, Nr. 2 (15.01.2018): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11332-018-0427-4.
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Klein, Annette Claudia, Sirko Bartholomay, David Marten, Thorsten Lutz, George Pechlivanoglou, Christian Navid Nayeri, Christian Oliver Paschereit und Ewald Krämer. „About the suitability of different numerical methods to reproduce model wind turbine measurements in a wind tunnel with a high blockage ratio“. Wind Energy Science 3, Nr. 1 (21.06.2018): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-439-2018.
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Abstract. In the present paper, numerical and experimental investigations of a model wind turbine with a diameter of 3.0 m are described. The study has three objectives. The first one is the provision of validation data. The second one is to estimate the influence of the wind tunnel walls by comparing measurements to simulated results with and without wind tunnel walls. The last objective is the comparison and evaluation of methods of high fidelity, namely computational fluid dynamics, and medium fidelity, namely lifting-line free vortex wake. The experiments were carried out in the large wind tunnel of the TU Berlin where a blockage ratio of 40 % occurs. With the lifting-line free vortex wake code QBlade, the turbine was simulated under far field conditions at the TU Berlin. Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations of the wind turbine, including wind tunnel walls and under far field conditions, were performed at the University of Stuttgart with the computational fluid dynamics code FLOWer. Comparisons among the experiment, the lifting-line free vortex wake code and the computational fluid dynamics code include on-blade velocity and angle of attack. Comparisons of flow fields are drawn between the experiment and the computational fluid dynamics code. Bending moments are compared among the simulations. A good accordance was achieved for the on-blade velocity and the angle of attack, whereas deviations occur for the flow fields and the bending moments.
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Abe, Takashi, M. G. Bemben, M. Kondo, Y. Kawakami und T. Fukunaga. „Comparison of skeletal muscle mass to fat-free mass ratios among different ethnic groups“. Journal of nutrition, health & aging 16, Nr. 6 (10.02.2012): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12603-012-0015-2.
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Zhanlav, Thugal, und Khuder Otgondorj. „Comparison of some optimal derivative-free three-point iterations“. Journal of Numerical Analysis and Approximation Theory 49, Nr. 1 (08.09.2020): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/jnaat491-1179.
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We show that the well-known Khattri et al. methods and Zheng et al. methods are identical. In passing, we propose a suitable calculation formula for Khattri et al. methods. We also show that the families of eighth-order derivative-free methods obtained in [8] include some existing methods, among them the above-mentioned ones as particular cases. We also give the sufficient convergence condition of these families. Numerical examples and comparison with some existing methods were made. In addition, the dynamical behavior of methods of these families is analyzed.
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Madarame, Haruhiko. „Regional Differences in Women’s Basketball: A Comparison among Continental Championships“. Sports 6, Nr. 3 (20.07.2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6030065.
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The aims of this study were (i) to compare basketball game-related statistics in women by region (Africa, America, Asia, Europe), and (ii) to identify characteristics that discriminate performances for each region. A total of 134 games from each continental championship held in 2017 were analyzed. A one-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparison was performed to evaluate differences in each variable between the continents. A discriminant analysis was performed to identify game-related statistics that discriminate among the continents. The Asian and European championships overall showed similar performance profiles: Low numbers of possessions and turnovers, and high numbers of successful field goals and assists. However, the European championship was more closely contested than the Asian championship. The African championship was characterized by high numbers of possessions, free throws, and turnovers. The homogeneity of the American championship was low, and some of the cases have similarities with the African championship, whereas other cases have similarities with the European championship. On average, the American championship was characterized by low numbers of successful field goals and assists, and high numbers of steals and turnovers. It is suggested that women’s basketball games are played in a different manner in each region of the world.
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Abdel Salam El-Dakhs, Dina, Maram Al-Khodair, Rawan Alwazzan und Jeanette Altarriba. „Does the Morphological Structure of L1 Equivalents Influence the Processing of L2 Words? Evidence from Arabic-English Bilinguals“. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 27, Nr. 2 (12.04.2020): 11–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-2-11-43.
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Objective. The current study aims at investigating if the morphological structure of the first language (L1) equivalents affects the processing of second language (L2) words.
Materials & Methods. To this end, 400 Arabic-English bilinguals of two levels of language proficiency completed a free recall task and a discrete word association task in their L2. The stimuli represented cases of lexical matches and mismatches.
Results. The results of the free recall task showed a facilitation effect for lexical matching in one comparison for the participants with lower proficiency while lexical matching led to an inhibitory effect in two comparisons for the participants with higher proficiency. Additionally, the participants with higher proficiency generally recalled more words than the participants with lower proficiency, and recalled monomorphemic words significantly differently than multi-morphemic words in one comparison. As for the results of the word association task, they failed to reveal significance for word type or language proficiency when association strength was considered. Only when the number of associations was considered, a facilitatory effect for lexical matching was observed in one comparison among the participants with lower proficiency.
Conclusions. The results generally support the claim that L2 learners exhibit sensitivity to the morphological structure of L1 words. The results also lend support to the interaction model of morphological processing and the bilingual lexicon models that highlight the influence of language proficiency on language processing.
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Abo-Elkhier, Mervat M., Marwa A. Abd Elwahaab und Moheb I. Abo El Maaty. „Measuring Similarity among Protein Sequences Using a New Descriptor“. BioMed Research International 2019 (22.11.2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2796971.
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The comparison of protein sequences according to similarity is a fundamental aspect of today’s biomedical research. With the developments of sequencing technologies, a large number of protein sequences increase exponentially in the public databases. Famous sequences’ comparison methods are alignment based. They generally give excellent results when the sequences under study are closely related and they are time consuming. Herein, a new alignment-free method is introduced. Our technique depends on a new graphical representation and descriptor. The graphical representation of protein sequence is a simple way to visualize protein sequences. The descriptor compresses the primary sequence into a single vector composed of only two values. Our approach gives good results with both short and long sequences within a little computation time. It is applied on nine beta globin, nine ND5 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5), and 24 spike protein sequences. Correlation and significance analyses are also introduced to compare our similarity/dissimilarity results with others’ approaches, results, and sequence homology.
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Ichimiya, Issei, Hideyuki Kawauchi, Takahiro Tanaka, Tatsuya Fujiyoshi und Goro Mogi. „Distribution of Immunocompetent Cells in Normal Nasal Mucosa: Comparisons among Germ-Free, Specific Pathogen-Free, and Conventional Mice“. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 100, Nr. 8 (August 1991): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949110000807.
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Crosby, Richard A., Baretta R. Casey, Robin Vanderpool, Tom Collins und Gregory R. Moore. „Uptake of Free HPV Vaccination Among Young Women: A Comparison of Rural Versus Urban Rates“. Journal of Rural Health 27, Nr. 4 (04.01.2011): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00354.x.
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Hong, Xinyu. „Comparison Among AlexNet, GoogLeNet and ResNet-18 in Autiomatic Music Genre Classification“. Academic Journal of Science and Technology 10, Nr. 3 (27.04.2024): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/j1ry4d81.
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This paper compared the performance among three famous convolutional neural networks in classifying music genres. Being carried out on a prominent dataset named Free Music Archive, the experiments show that ResNet-18 performs much better than AlexNet and GoogLeNet in classifying the music genres in a relatively small dataset. Meanwhile, the classification accuracy of each model for each music genre was also recorded. It indicates that different models could be expert in identifying distinct genres. Several genres, including blues, hip-hop and international, were not closely related to the change of models. In general, ResNet-18 reached the highest average classification accuracy at approximate 80%, while AlexNet did best in finding hip-hop music and GoogLeNet had relatively less difference in recognition rates for every genre. Those findings can serve as a reference in future music genre classification tasks and personalized music recommendation based on big data.
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Frans, Willem Winkel, und Monique R. Renssen. „A Pessimistic Outlook on Victims and an ‘Upward Bias’ in Social Comparison Expectations of Victim Support Workers Regarding their Clients“. International Review of Victimology 5, Nr. 3-4 (Mai 1998): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809800500401.
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Social psychological studies have documented various biases and misperceptions held by helpers that can seriously undermine the therapeutic value of client oriented interventions. In the context of support given to victims of crime and of traffic accidents the present study focused on one bias in particular, namely the support worker' upward bias. This misperception refers to an incorrect expectation on the part of support workers — volunteers working for the Netherlands Victim Support (NVS) in this study — regarding the direction of victims' social comparison processes: they tended to expect victims to engage in upward comparisons (on a comparison-dimension the victim is saying ‘I'm worse off’ than the comparison-target), while these victims actually engaged in downward comparison processes (‘I'm better off’). Downward sensitivity constitutes the opposite of this bias, and thus refers to the correct expectation that victims tend to engage in downward comparisons. Analyses revealed a highly prevalent ‘upward bias’ and a fundamental mislocation-error among victim support workers, with regard to both types of clients. The upward bias emerged consistently across a series of possible comparison-dimensions, related to the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL 90). Moreover our findings suggested a rather specific risk profile. Some workers appeared to be more at risk of engaging in upward biases, workers exhibiting a more pessimistic motivation for participating in victim support, and in workers experiencing burnout. Downward sensitivity moreover appeared to be associated with more beneficial (perceived as strain-free) client-helper-interactions. Some applied implications for victim support organisations, inter alia in terms of the huge need for downward sensitivity training and the necessity of developing worker' selection standards, and of designing internal quality-control policies, are discussed. More generally, victim support organisations should counteract the formation of overly pessimistic outlooks on clients and their psychological problems. An overly pessimistic perspective might facilitate the opposite of what support is supposed to stand for, namely a continuation of ‘victim status’ instead of ‘de-victimization’.
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Løppenthin, Katrine, Christoffer Johansen, Matilde Bille Larsen, Birgitte Hysse Forchhammer, Jannick Brennum, Karin Piil, Neil Aaronson, Birthe Krogh Rasmussen und Pernille Bidstrup. „Depressive Symptoms in Danish Patients With Glioma and a Cancer-Free Comparison Group“. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 18, Nr. 9 (September 2020): 1222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7570.
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Background: It is well established that patients with glioma may experience adverse general (eg, headache) or focal symptoms (eg, personality changes) and neurocognitive deficits (eg, planning), but they may also experience severe emotional distress. We investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with newly diagnosed glioma and in matched cancer-free persons. Methods: For this study, we recruited patients with glioma diagnosed within 12 months at all 4 neurosurgical clinics in Denmark. The cancer-free comparison group was identified through the Danish Central Person Register and matched on sex and age. Participants’ depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; score range, 0–60), with a cutoff score ≥16 indicating moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Results: In this study, 363 of 554 patients with glioma and 481 of 1,304 cancer-free persons participated. Mean age of all patients was 55 years and 60% of the population was male. Mean scores for depressive symptoms were statistically significantly higher among patients with glioma, with a mean CES-D score of 10.9 (95% CI, 10.1–11.8) compared with 5.3 (95% CI, 4.7–5.8) among cancer-free persons (P<.0001). Overall, 92 patients with glioma (25%) and 30 cancer-free persons (6%) had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. After adjustment for marital status, education level, and comorbidity, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 5 times higher among patients with glioma compared with cancer-free persons. Conclusions: A substantially higher prevalence of moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms was identified in patients with glioma compared with cancer-free persons. This indicates the importance of programs to systematically identify and manage depressive symptoms in patients with glioma.
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Azmy, Ulul, Nabila Rahmaniah, Ananli Raiza Renzytha, Dominikus Raditya Atmaka, Rachmahnia Pratiwi, Mochammad Rizal, Sri Adiningsih und Lilik Herawati. „Comparison of Body Compositions among Endurance, Strength, and Team Sports Athletes“. Sport Mont 21, Nr. 3 (01.10.2023): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/smj.231007.
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Regular monitoring and evaluation of body composition determine an athlete’s output, such as their probability of winning competitions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in athletes’ body composition among several sports categories. The data collected were on 251 athletes aged 20 to 30 years during the pre-competition period. The subjects were divided into three groups: endurance, power, and team sports. SECA 515mBCA was used to analyze the athletes’ body composition, which included their body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), total body water (TBW), and extracellular water (ECW). The results showed that all body composition parameters were lowest in the endurance category. Fat composition was lowest in the endurance category but did not differ significantly between categories in male athletes. Meanwhile, in female athletes, there was a significant difference in FM between sports categories (p=0.009). FFM, SMM, TBW, and ECW differed significantly between categories (p<0.05). In female athletes, these variables were higher in the team sports category, as opposed to the power category among male athletes. This study concluded that there were differences in lean body mass composition between sport categories, while fat mass did not differ between sport categories in male athletes. This can be attributed to the differences in training programs and needs of each sport category in maximizing performance. These findings can provide advice to sports professionals that each sport category has its own body composition specifications.
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Borad, Mitesh J., Abigail Paine, Volker Wacheck, Yaohua He, Reza Kazerooni, Tehseen Salimi und John A. Bridgewater. „Indirect treatment comparison of futibatinib with chemotherapy and pemigatinib in cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.440.
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440 Background: Futibatinib, an irreversible FGFR1–4 inhibitor, is being investigated for the treatment of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC) with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements. We conducted an indirect treatment comparison to evaluate efficacy outcomes with futibatinib for advanced iCC patients from the FOENIX-CCA2 trial (NCT02052778) relative to published data for chemotherapy and FGFR inhibitors. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify clinical trials for FGFR inhibitors published 01/2015-02/2021, with additional targeted searches for chemotherapy data. A simulated treatment comparison was conducted using individual-level patient data from FOENIX-CCA2 and published aggregate data from comparator trials, applying regression models to adjust for between-trial differences in baseline characteristics. Population-adjusted Cox regression models were used for base case time-to-event outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS], overall survival [OS], duration of response [DOR]) and binomial-logistic regressions for binary outcomes (objective response rate [ORR]). Results: Two studies of FGFR inhibitors among previously treated patients with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements were identified with sufficient data for analysis: FOENIX-CCA2 (n=103) and FIGHT-202 (n=107, pemigatinib). Two studies were identified for chemotherapy in this setting (an analysis of prior systemic therapy in the FIGHT-202 cohort [n=53] and a natural history study using a clinicogenomic database [n=71]). Comparisons of futibatinib with chemotherapy showed significantly lower risk of progression or death with futibatinib (table). Comparisons of futibatinib with pemigatinib showed similar outcomes between treatments (table), however, there was a numerical advantage for futibatinib in all efficacy parameters. Conclusions: Data suggest that futibatinib provides longer survival vs chemotherapy among previously treated advanced iCC patients with FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements. No statistically significant differences were observed in efficacy outcomes between futibatinib and pemigatinib, although numerical trends favored futibatinib. Molecular detail such as improved activity against co-mutated tumours and resistance mutations may explain such trends. [Table: see text]
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Mancinelli, Daniele, und Immacolata Oliva. „Constant or Variable? A Performance Analysis among Portfolio Insurance Strategies“. Risks 11, Nr. 6 (02.06.2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks11060105.
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In this paper, we propose a comparison among three portfolio insurance strategies, namely the constant proportion portfolio insurance, the time-invariant portfolio protection, and the exponential proportion portfolio insurance, via an in-depth performance analysis. We aim to ascertain whether strategies characterized by variable parameters can outperform those with constant parameters by measuring potential returns, investment riskiness, downside protection capability, and ability to capture market upside. The results, achieved in a model-free framework by exploiting bootstrapping techniques, advise that no winning strategy exists overall, even when considering different volatility regimes, rebalancing frequencies, and protection levels.
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Johannsen, Darcy L., James P. DeLany, Madlyn I. Frisard, Michael A. Welsch, Christina K. Rowley, Xiaobing Fang, S. Michal Jazwinski und Eric Ravussin. „Physical activity in aging: Comparison among young, aged, and nonagenarian individuals“. Journal of Applied Physiology 105, Nr. 2 (August 2008): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90450.2008.
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Physical activity (PA) is known to decline with age; however, there is a paucity of data on activity in persons who are in their nineties and beyond. We used objective and reliable methods to measure PA in nonagenarians (≥90 yr; n = 98) and hypothesized that activity would be similar to that of aged (60–74 yr; n = 58) subjects but less than in young (20–34 yr; n = 53) volunteers. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by doubly labeled water over 14 days and resting metabolic rate (RMR) by indirect calorimetry. Measures of PA included activity energy expenditure adjusted for body composition, TEE adjusted for RMR, physical activity level (PAL), and activity over 14 days by accelerometry expressed as average daily durations of light and moderate activity. RMR and TEE were lower with increasing age group ( P < 0.01); however, RMR was not different between aged and nonagenarian subjects after adjusting for fat-free mass, fat mass, and sex. Nonagenarians had a lower PAL and were more sedentary than the aged and young groups ( P < 0.01); however, the nonagenarians who were more active on a daily basis walked further during a timed test, indicating higher physical functionality. For all measures of activity, no differences were found between young and aged volunteers. PA was markedly lower in nonagenarians compared with young and aged adults. Interestingly, PA was similar between young volunteers and those who were in their 60s and 70s, likely due to the sedentary nature of our society, particularly in young adults.
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Turk, Nina, Ali Raza, Pieter Wuytens, Hans Demol, Michiel Van Daele, Christophe Detavernier, Andre Skirtach, Kris Gevaert und Roel Baets. „Comparison of Free-Space and Waveguide-Based SERS Platforms“. Nanomaterials 9, Nr. 10 (01.10.2019): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101401.
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Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) allows for the highly specific detection of molecules by enhancing the inherently weak Raman signals near the surface of plasmonic nanostructures. A variety of plasmonic nanostructures have been developed for SERS signal excitation and collection in a conventional free-space microscope, among which the gold nanodomes offer one of the highest SERS enhancements. Nanophotonic waveguides have recently emerged as an alternative to the conventional Raman microscope as they can be used to efficiently excite and collect Raman signals. Integration of plasmonic structures on nanophotonic waveguides enables reproducible waveguide-based excitation and collection of SERS spectra, such as in nanoplasmonic slot waveguides. In this paper, we compare the SERS performance of gold nanodomes, in which the signal is excited and collected in free space, and waveguide-based nanoplasmonic slot waveguide. We evaluate the SERS signal enhancement and the SERS background of the different SERS platforms using a monolayer of nitrothiophenol. We show that the nanoplasmonic slot waveguide approaches the gold nanodomes in terms of the signal-to-background ratio. We additionally demonstrate the first-time detection of a peptide monolayer on a waveguide-based SERS platform, paving the way towards the SERS monitoring of biologically relevant molecules on an integrated lab-on-a-chip platform.
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Son, Eunjung, Jong-Moon Yoon, Bong-Jeun An, Yun Mi Lee, Jimin Cha, Gyeong-Yup Chi und Dong-Seon Kim. „Comparison among Activities and Isoflavonoids from Pueraria thunbergiana Aerial Parts and Root“. Molecules 24, Nr. 5 (05.03.2019): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050912.
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: Kudzu (Pueraria thunbergiana Benth.) has long been used as a food and medicine for many centuries. The root is the most commonly used portion of the plant, but the aerial parts are occasionally used as well. In this study, we investigated the constituent compounds and biological activities of the aerial parts, leaves, stems, and sprouts, and compared their constituents and activities with those of roots. Leaf extract showed a significantly higher TPC level at 59 ± 1.6 mg/g and lower free radical scavenging (FRS) values under 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and NO inhibition at 437 ± 11, 121 ± 6.6 μg/mL and 107 ± 4.9 μg/mL, respectively, than those of sprout, stem, and root extract. Leaf extract also significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The main components of leaf extract were found to be genistin and daidzin. This study suggests that the leaves of kudzu are a good source of biological activities and isoflavones that can be used in functional or medicinal foods and cosmetics for the prevention or treatment of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Minicuci, Nadia, Marianna Noale, Esther Maria León Díaz, Madelín Gómez León, Alessandra Andreotti und Margareta Mutafova. „Disability-Free Life Expectancy: A Cross-National Comparison Among Bulgarian, Italian, and Latin American Older Population“. Journal of Aging and Health 23, Nr. 4 (10.01.2011): 629–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264310390940.
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Robert, Pierre-Olivier, Adeline Grard, Nora Mélard, Martin Mlinarić, Arja Rimpelä, Matthias Richter, Anton E. Kunst und Vincent Lorant. „The effect of school smoke-free policies on smoking stigmatization: A European comparison study among adolescents“. PLOS ONE 15, Nr. 7 (14.07.2020): e0235772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235772.
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Usman, Hastuti, Muliani Muliani, Niluh Nita Silfia und Sarliana Sarliana. „Effect of Free-Range Chicken Eggs on Perineal Wound Healing among Postpartum Women“. EMBRIO 15, Nr. 1 (31.05.2023): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/embrio.v15i1.6994.
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10percent of maternal mortality during the postpartum period are caused by infection due to bleeding from tears in the birth canal (perineal wound). The wound healing process is influenced by the intake of protein-rich nutrients. Free-range chicken eggs from are a high source of protein (Komala, 2021). This study aims to determine the effect of free-range chicken eggs on perineal wound healing among postpartum women. This was a pre-experimental study with intact group comparison. There were 32 samples who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The samples were assigned into the Intervention Group (administered with free-range chicken eggs) and the Control Group (were not administered with free-range chicken eggs). Data collection was performed through direct observation of perineal wounds using the REEDA scale score. Data were analyzed using the Fisher Exact statistical test. The results showed that there was a faster wound healing process among respondents who were administered with free-range chicken eggs (81.2percent) compare to those who were not administered with free-range chicken eggs (25percent) with a p value of 0.002 less than 0.05. It can be concluded that the administration of free-range chicken eggs chicken eggs had an effect on perineal wound healing among postpartum women. It is expected that postpartum women who experience perineal wound starting from the second grade will consume boiled free-range chicken eggs to speed up the wound healing process.
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Howard, Charles F., Matt J. Kessler und Susan Schwartz. „Metabolic abnormalities among free-rangingMacaca mulatta on Cayo Santiago: Comparisons withMacaca mulatta at Sabana Seca“. American Journal of Primatology 21, Nr. 3 (1990): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350210303.
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Sarker, Rathindro Nath, Afroza Akter, Nahid Al Noman und Md Zahidur Rahman. „Gingival Health Status among the Arsenicosis Patients“. City Dental College Journal 10, Nr. 2 (05.09.2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16316.
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Aims: The study was performed to assess gingival health status among the arsenicosis patients in comparison with the nonarsenicosis healthy individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative type of study was conducted. One hundred and ninety two (192) arsenicosis patients and 96 non-arsenicosis healthy individuals were recruited purposively on the basis of defined selection criteria from January 2010 to June 2012. Research instrument was an interviewer questionnaire with gingival examination checklist. The questionnaire included socioeconomic family profile and the gingival checklist included attrition, pigmentation, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Results: One hundred and thirty seven (71.35%; n=137) of arsenicosis patients suffered from gingival attrition in comparison with the healthy individuals (38.54%; n=37). Gingival pigmentation was seen 61.98% (n=119) and 29.16% (n=28), respectively, among arsenicosis and non-arsenicosis individuals. Results also showed that 89.58% (n=172) of arsenicosis patients suffered from gingivitis, whereas, 44.79% (n=43) did not. In addition, 46.88% (n=90) and 25.00% (n=24) of arsenicosis and non-arsenicosis patients, respectively, were found suffered from periodontitis. Conclusion: Gingival health status of the arsenicosis patients was found relatively higher vulnerable to gingival attrition, pigmentation, gingivitis and periodontitis than that of nonarsenicosis healthy individuals. Health education intervention programs among the risk population and arsenicosis patients, and ensure of arsenic-free safe drinking and household use of water may be one of the most important applicable way to control and prevention of arsenicosis and gingival health problems in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i2.16316 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-2, July-2013
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Chen, Xiang, und Decheng Wan. „Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Violent Free Surface Flows by GPU-Based MPS Method“. International Journal of Computational Methods 16, Nr. 04 (13.05.2019): 1843012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218430120.
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The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method has been widely used in the field of computational fluid dynamics in recent years. However, the inefficient drawback of MPS method limits its three-dimensional (3D) large-scale applications. In order to overcome this disadvantage, a novel acceleration technique, graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel computing, is applied in MPS. Based on modified MPS method and GPU technique, an in-house solver MPSGPU-SJTU has been developed by using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) language. In this paper, 3D dam break and sloshing, two typical violent flows with large deformation and nonlinear fragmentation of free surface are simulated by MPSGPU-SJTU solver. In dam break case, the results of fluid flied, water front, wave height and impact pressure by GPU simulation are compared to those by CPU calculation, experimental research, Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) simulations. And the comparison of fluid field and impact pressure among GPU, CPU and experiment is made in sloshing flow. The accuracy of GPU solver is verified by these comparisons. Moreover, the computation time of every part in each calculation step is compared between GPU and CPU solvers. The results show that computational efficiency is improved dramatically by employing GPU acceleration technique.
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Kandasamy, Kanakavel, und E. James Jebaseelan Samuel. „Dosimetric Evaluation of Semiflex Three-dimensional Chamber under Unflatten Beam in Comparison among Different Detectors“. Journal of Medical Physics 49, Nr. 1 (2024): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmp.jmp_115_23.
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Purpose: The goal of this study is to investigate the dosimetric properties of a Semiflex three-dimensional (3D) chamber in an unflatten beam and compare its data from a small to a large field flattening filter-free (FFF) beam with different radiation detectors. Methods: The sensitivity, linearity, reproducibility, dose rate dependency, and energy dependence of a Semiflex 3D detector in flattening filter and filter-free beam were fully investigated. The minimum radiation observed field widths for all detectors were calculated using lateral electronic charged particle equilibrium to investigate dosimetric characteristics such as percentage depth doses (PDDs), profiles, and output factors (OPFs) for Semiflex 3D detector under 6FFF Beam. The Semiflex 3D measured data were compared to that of other detectors employed in this study. Results: The ion chamber has a dosage linearity deviation of +1.2% for <10 MU, a dose-rate dependency deviation of +0.5%, and significantly poorer sensitivity due to its small volume. There is a difference in field sizes between manufacturer specs and derived field sizes. The measured PDD, profiles, and OPFs of the Semiflex 3D chamber were within 1% of each other for all square field sizes set under linac for the 6FFF beam. Conclusion: It was discovered to be an appropriate detector for relative dose measurements for 6 FFF beams with higher dose rates for field sizes more than or equal to 3 cm × 3 cm.
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Dhar, Ashim, Jobaida Naznin, Muhammad Abdul Halim Khan, Devjani Banik, Mohammad Fariduddin, Muhammad Abul Hasanat und Shahjada Selim. „Comparison of Thyroid Functional Status among Different Levels of Glycaemic Status“. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, Nr. 8 (19.08.2022): 1289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i08.021.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Its global prevalence was about 8% in 2011 and is predicted to rise to 10% by 2030. Nearly 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. Asia and the eastern Pacific region are particularly affected. In Bangladesh, which had a population of 149.8 million in 2011, a recent meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of diabetes among adults had increased substantially, from 4% in 1995 to 2000 and 5% in 2001 to 2005 to 9% in 2006 to 2010. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the prevalence will be 13% by 2030. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on newly detected type-2 DM patients [n=200, m/f: 81/119; age: 41.1±8.3; BMI (kg/m2): 26.0±4.2; mean±SD] recruited consecutively from the department of Endocrinology, BSMMU. History and relevant clinical examination were recorded. Free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-TPO and anti-TG antibody were tested Chemiluminescence Immunoassay System (Germany). Results: Highest frequency for positive anti-thyroid antibody (87.5%) was observed in group having TSH ≥10 m IU/L followed by 66.7% in the group having TSH (5-10) m IU/L, while only 2.8% in the group having TSH <5 m IU/L (p<0.001). There was no significant difference either for level of FT4 (14.0±4.5 vs 14.1±2.2 vs 13.9±1.5; p= 0.925) or for TSH (3.4±5.0 vs 3.7±9.7 vs 2.3±1.6; p= 0.691) or for the antibody status (p= 0.721) among different levels of HbA1c. No significant correlations of FPG, 2Hr75gPPG and HbA1c was found with any of FT4, TSH, anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies (p= NS for all). Logistic regression revealed anti-TPO antibody as independent predictor for thyroid dysfunction in subjects with diabetes mellitus (p<0.001). Conclusion: A comparative study of thyroid hormone levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients revealed that patients with type-2 DM had significantly lower serum FT3 levels ..........
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Wilde, Bridgette E., Charles B. Corbin und Guy C. Le Masurier. „Free-Living Pedometer Step Counts of High School Students“. Pediatric Exercise Science 16, Nr. 1 (Februar 2004): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.16.1.44.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the pedometer-measured physical activity levels of high school students (Grades 9–12). Comparisons were made between sexes, among grades, among groups based on level of participation in sport and physical education, and among groups based on levels of self-reported physical activity (based on questions from the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System). Participants wore sealed pedometers for 4 consecutive school days. Results indicated no differences among days of monitoring but did show significant differences in mean steps per day between sexes, among grades, and among activity levels. Males took more steps per day than females did, and 10th graders took more steps than 12th graders did. Teens involved in sport and physical education took more steps than did those not involved. Teens who reported meeting both moderate and vigorous activity recommendations were most active, followed by teens meeting recommendations for moderate activity.
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Feng, Xiaobing, und Matthew Pritsker. „The structural comparison of central counterparty interoperability“. International Journal of Modern Physics C 25, Nr. 10 (11.09.2014): 1450049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114500491.
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While a more integrated central counterparty (CCP) network via interoperability will provide users more cost efficient clearing and settlement services, it also increases the default transmission through the system. Using epidemic spreading model, it is found that a vertically interoperated CCP network is more robust compared with a horizontally interoperated one when certain condition is satisfied. Variation of the different transmission rates from both internal and external sources leads to different equilibrium. The safe range which is free from the crisis explosion state is identified and can be reached with certain policy coordination among nations.
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Corsini, Erin M., Annikka Weissferdt, Apar Pataer, Nicolas Zhou, Mara B. Antonoff, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Reza J. Mehran et al. „Pathological nodal disease defines survival outcomes in patients with lung cancer with tumour major pathological response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy“. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 59, Nr. 1 (30.08.2020): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaa290.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES Major pathological response (MPR) is prognostic of outcomes for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is used as the primary end point in neoadjuvant immunotherapy trials. We studied the influence of pathological nodal disease on patterns and timing of recurrence among patients with MPR. METHODS Patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stages I–III non-small-cell lung cancer were identified. Surgical specimens were histopathologically examined for tumour viability, categorized as ≤10% viability (MPR) or >10% (NoMPR). Overall survival and disease-free survival were evaluated with emphasis upon MPR and pathological nodal disease. RESULTS Among 307 patients, 58 (19%) had MPR within primary tumour and 42 (14%) had MPRypN0. In the MPR group, the frequency of cN0 and cN+ disease was 18 (31%) and 40 (69%); similarly, the frequency of ypN0, ypN1 and ypN2 was 72% (42/58), 16% (9/58) and 12% (7/58), respectively. When evaluating only those with MPR, recurrence rates among those with MPRypN0, MPRypN1 and MPRypN2 were 33% (14/42), 44% (4/9) and 71% (5/7) (P = 0.16). The median time-to-recurrence in MPRypN0, MPRypN1 and MPRypN2 was 40, 10 and 14 months (P = 0.006). Distant recurrences were less common among those with MPRypN0 [MPRypN0, 26% (11/42); MPRypN1, 44% (4/9); MPRypN2, 71% (5/7); P = 0.047]. Though the median disease-free survival was prolonged among those with MPR vs NoMPR (120 vs 25 months, P < 0.0001), only those with MPRypN0 had prolonged disease-free survival in comparison to other groups upon pairwise comparisons, while MPRypN+ experienced no benefit. CONCLUSIONS MPRypN0 represents the most favourable surrogate end point following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with ypN1-2 are at the risk of early recurrence regardless of primary tumour MPR, warranting intensive surveillance and consideration for additional adjuvant therapy. We highlight that MPRypN0 is the most rigorous end point and should be considered as a surrogate end point in future neoadjuvant trials.
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Chen, Chao Yue, Zuo Sheng Lei, Xiao Xing Jin, Yun Bo Zhong und Zhong Ming Ren. „Three Numerical Simulation Methods on Dynamic Free Surface Deformation Simulation of a Sessile Drop“. Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (Dezember 2012): 1735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1735.
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The problem of free surface deformation is involved in variable fields ranging from material processing to metallurgy. In order to investigate the transient evolution of fluid field and free surface deformation numerically, three numerical simulation methods are proposed among which one is based on level set method, the other two are based on moving mesh method. Afterwards, a benchmark problem of sessile droplet is chosen to test and verify each numerical method. A comparison of each numerical result and experimental result shows a good agreement between each other. Comparison and discussion of three numerical methods are made in the end.
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Rosado, Joana, João P. Duarte, Paulo Sousa-e-Silva, Daniela C. Costa, Diogo V. Martinho, João Valente-dos-Santos, Luís M. Rama et al. „Body composition among long distance runners“. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.2.180.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the body composition of adult male ultra-trail runners (UTR) according to their level of participation (regional UTR-R, vs. national UTR-N). METHODS The sample was composed of 44 adult male UTR (aged 36.5±7.2 years; UTR-R: n=25; UTR-N: n=19). Body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. A comparison between the groups was performed using independent samples t-test. RESULTS Significant differences between groups contrasting in the competitive level were found for chronological age (in years; UTR-R: 38.8±8.2 vs. UTR-N: 33.5±4.1); body density (in L.kg-1; UTR-R: 1.062±0.015 vs. UTR-N: 1.074±0.009); and fat mass (in kg; UTR-R: 12.7±6.8 vs. UTR-N: 7.6±2.7). CONCLUSION UTR-N were younger, presented higher values for body density, and had less fat mass, although no significant differences were found for fat-free mass. The current study evidenced the profile of long-distance runners and the need for weight management programs to regulate body composition.
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Loprinzi, Paul D., und Brandee Smith. „Comparison Between Wrist-Worn and Waist-Worn Accelerometry“. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, Nr. 7 (Juli 2017): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0211.
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Objective:To use the most recent ActiGraph model (GT9X) to compare counts per minute (CPM) estimates between wrist-worn and waist-worn attachment sites.Methods:Participants completed 2 conditions (laboratory [N = 13] and free-living conditions [N = 9]), in which during both of these conditions they wore 2 ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers on their nondominant wrist (side-by-side) and 2 ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers on their right hip in line with the midaxillary line (side-by-side). During the laboratory visit, participants completed 5 treadmill-based trials all lasting 5 min: walk at 3 mph, 3.5 mph, 4 mph, and a jog at 6 mph and 6.5 mph. During the free-living setting, participants wore the monitors for 8 hours. Paired t test, Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were employed to evaluate agreement of CPM between the attachment sites.Results:Across all intensity levels and setting (laboratory and free-living), CPM were statistically significantly and substantively different between waist- and wrist-mounted accelerometry.Conclusion:Attachment site drastically influences CPM. As such, extreme caution should be exercised when comparing CPM estimates among studies employing different attachment site methodologies, particularly waist versus wrist.
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Holmboe, Stine A., Ravi Jasuja, Brian Lawney, Lærke Priskorn, Niels Joergensen, Allan Linneberg, Tina Kold Jensen, Niels Erik Skakkebæk, Anders Juul und Anna-Maria Andersson. „Free testosterone and cardiometabolic parameters in men: comparison of algorithms“. Endocrine Connections 10, Nr. 2 (Februar 2021): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0552.
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Objective Calculating the free testosterone level has gained increasing interest and different indirect algorithms have been suggested. The objective was to compare free androgen index (FAI), free testosterone estimated using the linear binding model (Vermeulen: cFTV) and the binding framework accounting for allosterically coupled SHBG monomers (Zakharov: cFTZ) in relation to cardiometabolic conditions. Design A prospective cohort study including 5350 men, aged 30–70 years, participating in population-based surveys (MONICA I–III and Inter99) from 1982 to 2001 and followed until December 2012 with baseline and follow-up information on cardiometabolic parameters and vital status. Results Using age-standardized hormone levels, FAI was higher among men with baseline cardiometabolic conditions, whereas cFTV and cFTZ levels were lower compared to men without these conditions as also seen for total testosterone. Men in highest quartiles of cFTV or cFTZ had lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (cFTV: HR = 0.74 (0.49–1.10), cFTZ: HR = 0.59 (0.39–0.91)) than men in lowest quartile. In contrast, men with highest levels of FAI had a 74% (1.17–2.59) increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to men in lowest quartile. Conclusion The association of estimated free testosterone and the studied outcomes differ depending on algorithm used. cFTV and cFTZ showed similar associations to baseline and long-term cardiometabolic parameters. In contrast, an empiric ratio, FAI, showed opposite associations to several of the examined parameters and may reflect limited clinical utility.
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Trevathan, Sophie, und Lynne Briggs. „Will prohibiting the use of physical punishment reduce child abuse deaths among New Zealand children?“ Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 21, Nr. 1-2 (17.07.2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol21iss1-2id309.
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The Amendment Act (Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act, 2007) came into force on 22 June 2007. The changes in the Act amended the right of parents to use force by way of correction toward a child. The purpose of this amendment was to provide children with a safer and more secure environment to live in that is free from violence. Such a move also has the potential to provide a clearer mandate for social workers in regard to issues of child safety. While planned, reviews to determine how effective the amendment has been have not yet been undertaken.This paper presents some key findings from a larger study exploring the issue of child abuse deaths in New Zealand. In doing so a comparison of legislation and policy between New Zealand and Sweden is presented. Sweden was used as the main focus for this comparison as it introduced a ban on use of corporal punishment of children in 1979.
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Trevathan, Sophie, und Lynne Briggs. „Will prohibiting the use of physical punishment reduce child abuse deaths among New Zealand children?“ Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 21, Nr. 1 (17.07.2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol21iss1id309.
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The Amendment Act (Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act, 2007) came into force on 22 June 2007. The changes in the Act amended the right of parents to use force by way of correction toward a child. The purpose of this amendment was to provide children with a safer and more secure environment to live in that is free from violence. Such a move also has the potential to provide a clearer mandate for social workers in regard to issues of child safety. While planned, reviews to determine how effective the amendment has been have not yet been undertaken.This paper presents some key findings from a larger study exploring the issue of child abuse deaths in New Zealand. In doing so a comparison of legislation and policy between New Zealand and Sweden is presented. Sweden was used as the main focus for this comparison as it introduced a ban on use of corporal punishment of children in 1979.
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Hu, Mengjin, Jiangshan Tan und Yuejin Yang. „Comparison of Six Different Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Guidance Modalities“. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, Nr. 10 (08.10.2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9100343.
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Background: New randomized trials and modalities in guiding percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have become available. Objective: We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of coronary angiography (CAG), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fractional flow reserve (FFR), instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), and optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI)-guided PCI. Methods: A network meta-analysis was performed to compare different PCI guidance modalities. The clinical outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel/lesion revascularization (TVR/TLR). Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% credible interval (CrI) were calculated. Results: Thirty-six randomized trials, including 19,042 patients, were included. In comparison with CAG, IVUS significantly reduced MACE (OR: 0.71; 95% CrI: 0.57 to 0.86) and TVR/TLR (OR: 0.53; 95% CrI: 0.43 to 0.66). MACE (OR: 1.44; 95% CrI: 1.02 to 2.08) and TVR/TLR (OR: 1.87; 95% CrI: 1.04 to 3.71) were significantly increased in the FFR group, compared with IVUS group. There were no significant differences in MACE or TVR/TLR among the left guidance modality comparisons. Differences in all-cause death or MI were not observed in any comparisons. Conclusions: IVUS could reduce MACE and TVR/TLR, compared with CAG or FFR. Therefore, IVUS may be the optimal modality in guiding PCI.
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Sholeye, Oluwafolahan Oluwagbemiga, Victor Jide Animasahun und Albert Adekunle Salako. „A world free of hunger“. Nutrition & Food Science 49, Nr. 1 (11.02.2019): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-06-2018-0156.
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Purpose Nutrition is a widely known determinant of health and well-being of individuals. Adequate nutrition is dependent on food availability and optimal dietary intake. Rural communities are known to be disadvantaged in comparison with their urban counterparts This study therefore assessed food security and dietary diversity among adults in a rural community in Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Data for the cross-sectional study were collected using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and a 24-h dietary recall. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20. The relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Participation was fully voluntary. Findings The mean age of respondents was 46.7 ± 19.0 years. Only 43.6 per cent of the respondents were food secure; 43.4 per cent were severely food insecure; 30.3 per cent were moderately food insecure, while 26.3 per cent were mildly food insecure. Low dietary diversity was reported among 55.2 per cent of respondents; 41.0 per cent had medium dietary diversity, while 3.8 per cent had high dietary diversity. Research implications/limitations This study was entirely quantitative and facility-based, so could not explore some themes to a greater depth. It however adds to the body of knowledge on dietary diversity and food security among patients accessing primary care services at Ode-Remo and its health implications. Originality/value Food security among respondents was low and dietary diversity was sub-optimal, a risk factor for both hidden hunger and multi-nutrient under-nutrition. Dietary diversity was significantly different between food secure and food insecure respondents. Community-directed efforts at improving residents’ food security status and dietary diversification efforts will be most appropriate and sustainable, thereby promoting self-reliance and wellbeing.
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Azlan, 'Arif B., Nadzirah Ismail, Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi und Ruzita Abd Talib. „Playing traditional games vs. free-play during physical education lesson to improve physical activity: a comparison study“. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 25, Nr. 3 (14.03.2021): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2021.0306.
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Background and Study Aim. Non-sport activities like traditional games can be a practical way to promote physical activity (PA) during physical education (PE) lessons, especially among those who are less inclined towards sports. The purpose of this study is to compare the PA variables and acceptance between playing traditional games and free-play during physical education lessons among secondary school students.
Material and Methods. Fifty-six (n = 56) subjects participated in this study wore accelerometers for a total of 40 minutes during each PE lesson to record PA. In the first week, a 40-min free-play PE lesson was done while in the second week, a 40-min PE lesson incorporated with traditional games (TG-PE lesson) was done. After following both lessons, subjects filled up a questionnaire on acceptance of TG-PE and free-play PE lessons.
Results. The mean total activity count (p < 0.05) and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p < 0.05) were 20% and 19% greater respectively during TG-PE lesson compared to free-play PE lesson. The mean acceptance scores showed students preferred playing TG (19.29 ± 4.21; p < 0.00) over free-play PE lesson (17.59 ± 3.13).
Conclusions. In conclusion, incorporating fun and meaningful activities such as TG during PE lessons can serve as an alternative strategy to promote PA during school hours. Further studies are warranted to determine other types of TG that may promote PA among secondary school students.
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Pons, L., M. Bielecki, B. Le Chevalier, Ch Schupp und F. Morin. „Responses of Parkinsonian Patients to a Successive Free Word-Association Test“. Psychological Reports 58, Nr. 1 (Februar 1986): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.1.67.
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28 Parkinsonian patients matched with 28 normal controls took a free word-association test. Three variables were measured: the commonness of the responses, their latencies, and their repetitions. Comparison of the two samples showed the same magnitudes of intercorrelations among these variables. But, if commonness and latency remained the same, repetition increased significantly for patients. These data were discussed in relation to results on the absence of cognitive slowing.
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Chen, Feng, Wenhao Zhang, Yuejun Song, Lin Liu und Chenxing Wang. „Comparison of Simulated Multispectral Reflectance among Four Sensors in Land Cover Classification“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 9 (30.04.2023): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15092373.
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Multispectral images accessible free of charge have increased significantly from the acquisitions by the wide-field-of-view (WFV) sensors onboard Gaofen-1/-6 (GF-1/-6), the Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard Landsat 8 (L8), and the Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) onboard Sentinel-2 (S2). These images with medium spatial resolutions are beneficial for land-cover mapping to monitor local to global surface dynamics. Comparative analyses of the four sensors in classification were made under different scenarios with five classifiers, mainly based on the simulated multispectral reflectance from well-processed hyperspectral data. With channel reflectance, differences in classification between the L8 OLI and the S2 MSI were generally dependent on the classifier considered, although the two sensors performed similarly. Meanwhile, without channels over the shortwave infrared region, the GF-1/-6 WFVs showed inferior performances. With channel reflectance, the support vector machine (SVM) with Gaussian kernel generally outperformed other classifiers. With the SVM, on average, the GF-1/-6 WFVs and the L8 OLI had great increases (more than 15%) in overall accuracy relative to using the maximum likelihood classifier (MLC), whereas the overall accuracy improvement was about 13% for the S2 MSI. Both SVM and random forest (RF) had greater overall accuracy, which partially solved the problems of imperfect channel settings. However, under the scenario with a small number of training samples, for the GF-1/-6 WFVs, the MLC showed approximate or even better performance compared to RF. Since several factors possibly influence a classifier’s performance, attention should be paid to a comparison and selection of methods. These findings were based on the simulated multispectral reflectance with focusing on spectral channel (i.e., number of channels, spectral range of the channel, and spectral response function), whereas spatial resolution and radiometric quantization were not considered. Furthermore, a limitation of this paper was largely associated with the limited spatial coverage. More case studies should be carried out with real images over areas with different geographical and environmental backgrounds. To improve the comparability in classification among different sensors, further investigations are definitely required.
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Mehta, Rohtesh S., Shernan G. Holtan, Tao Wang, Michael T. Hemmer, Stephen R. Spellman, Mukta Arora, Daniel R. Couriel et al. „Composite GRFS and CRFS Outcomes After Adult Alternative Donor HCT“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 18 (20.06.2020): 2062–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.00396.
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PURPOSE There is no consensus on the best choice of an alternative donor (umbilical cord blood [UCB], haploidentical, one-antigen mismatched [7/8]–bone marrow [BM], or 7/8-peripheral blood [PB]) for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for patients lacking an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor. METHODS We report composite end points of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)–free relapse-free survival (GRFS) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD)–free relapse-free survival (CRFS) in 2,198 patients who underwent UCB (n = 838), haploidentical (n = 159), 7/8-BM (n = 241), or 7/8-PB (n = 960) HCT. All groups were divided by myeloablative conditioning (MAC) intensity or reduced intensity conditioning (RIC), except haploidentical group in which most received RIC. To account for multiple testing, P < .0071 in multivariable analysis and P < .00025 in direct pairwise comparisons were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In multivariable analysis, haploidentical group had the best GRFS, CRFS, and overall survival (OS). In the direct pairwise comparison of other groups, among those who received MAC, there was no difference in GRFS or CRFS among UCB, 7/8-BM, and 7/8-PB with serotherapy (alemtuzumab or antithymocyte globulin) groups. In contrast, the 7/8-PB without serotherapy group had significantly inferior GRFS, higher cGVHD, and a trend toward worse CRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.69; P = .002) than the 7/8-BM group and higher cGVHD and trend toward inferior CRFS (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.63; P = .0006) than the UCB group. Among patients with RIC, all groups had significantly inferior GRFS and CRFS compared with the haploidentical group. CONCLUSION Recognizing the limitations of a registry retrospective analysis and the possibility of center selection bias in choosing donors, our data support the use of UCB, 7/8-BM, or 7/8-PB (with serotherapy) grafts for patients undergoing MAC HCT and haploidentical grafts for patients undergoing RIC HCT. The haploidentical group had the best GRFS, CRFS, and OS of all groups.
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Topan, Mirabela-Madalina, Ioan Sporea, Mirela Dănilă, Alina Popescu, Ana-Maria Ghiuchici, Raluca Lupușoru und Roxana Șirli. „Comparison of Different Nutritional Assessment Tools in Detecting Malnutrition and Sarcopenia among Cirrhotic Patients“. Diagnostics 12, Nr. 4 (03.04.2022): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12040893.
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Malnutrition and sarcopenia are common complications of liver cirrhosis. This study compares the performance of different nutritional assessment techniques in detecting malnourished patients. Data from 156 patients with liver cirrhosis were collected. We assessed the nutritional status of these patients according to: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA); Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT), skinfold thickness (TSF), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUMC), handgrip strength (HGS), body mass index (BMI), and skeletal muscle index (SMI) evaluated by Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CT). According to EWGSOP2 criteria, combining low HGS with low SMI, the prevalence of malnutrition/sarcopenia was 60.2%. RFH-NPT, MUAC, MAMC, and HGS were excellent tests for detecting malnourished patients. Combining RFH-NPT with MUAC or MUMC increased diagnosis accuracy, AUC = 0.89, p < 0.0001. Age, Child-Pugh class C, albumin level, vitamin D deficiency, male gender, and alcoholic etiology were significantly associated with malnutrition. In conclusion, the prevalence of malnutrition among patients with cirrhosis was relatively high. Our study highlights the potential use of a simpler and inexpensive alternative that can be used as a valuable tool in daily practice, the combination between RFH-NPT and MUAC.
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Ramonaite, Sigita, Egle Kudirkiene, Egle Tamuleviciene, Giedra Leviniene, Alvydas Malakauskas, Greta Gölz, Thomas Alter und Mindaugas Malakauskas. „Prevalence and genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni from urban environmental sources in comparison with clinical isolates from children“. Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, Nr. 9 (01.09.2014): 1205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.072892-0.
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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in potential contamination sources that are not regularly monitored such as free-living urban pigeons and crows, dogs, cats and urban environmental water and to assess the possible impact on the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in children using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 36.2 % of faecal samples of free-living urban birds and in 40.4 % of environmental water samples. A low prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was detected in dogs and cats, with 7.9 and 9.1 %, respectively. Further identification of isolates revealed that environmental water and pet samples were mostly contaminated by other Campylobacter spp. than C. jejuni, whereas C. jejuni was the most prevalent species in faecal samples of free-living birds (35.4 %). This species was the dominant cause of campylobacteriosis in children (91.5 %). In addition, the diversity of C. jejuni MLST types in free-living birds and children was investigated. Clonal complex (CC) 179 was predominant among free-living urban birds; however, only two isolates from children were assigned to this CC. One dog and one child isolate were assigned to the same clonal complex (CC48) and sequence type (ST) 918. The dominant two clonal complexes among the child clinical isolates (CC353 and CC21) were not detected among C. jejuni strains isolated from environmental sources examined in this study. As only two CCs were shared by environmental and child C. jejuni isolates and a high number of novel alleles and STs were found in C. jejuni isolated from free-living urban birds and environmental water, there is probably only a limited link between urban environmental sources and campylobacteriosis in children, particularly in rather cold climatic conditions.
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Silva, Gustavo Rafael de Oliveira, Marcos Aurélio Lopes, André Luís Ribeiro Lima, Geraldo Márcio da Costa, Flávio Alves Damasceno, Vitor Pires Barros und Matteo Barbari. „Profitability analysis of compost barn and free stall milk-production systems: a comparison“. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, Nr. 3 (21.05.2019): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1165.
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The objective of this study was to comparatively analyse the profitability of compost barn and free stall milk-production systems as a means of helping producers and technicians choose the type of facility most suitable for each farm. Data collected from four farms from January to December 2016 were analysed; the data were distributed equally among compost barn and free stall systems. The cost of milk production was estimated according to the operating cost methodology and considering the milk production cost centre, which involved both lactating and dry cows. Additionally, gross and net margins were estimated as indicators of profitability. The results showed that the average gross and net margins were not influenced by the type of facility; they were positive in both of the production systems analysed. Among the components of the net operating cost, the proportion of the "medications" item was lower in the compost barn properties, while the cost of bedding for the cows was lower in the free stall farms. Depreciation and total operating cost were similar in the two systems. Milk sales made up a higher percentage of the revenue in the free stall farms, despite the high standard deviation, while the expectations of revenues from wastes were similar in the two production systems. Given that there were no significant economic differences between the types of facility, it is concluded that ease in management, productivity, reproductive performance, animal health (hoof injuries and mastitis), environmental issues, and availability of water and bedding material should be the motivators for choosing one system over the other.
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Luczak, Brian B., Benjamin T. James und Hani Z. Girgis. „A survey and evaluations of histogram-based statistics in alignment-free sequence comparison“. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20, Nr. 4 (06.12.2017): 1222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx161.
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Abstract Motivation Since the dawn of the bioinformatics field, sequence alignment scores have been the main method for comparing sequences. However, alignment algorithms are quadratic, requiring long execution time. As alternatives, scientists have developed tens of alignment-free statistics for measuring the similarity between two sequences. Results We surveyed tens of alignment-free k-mer statistics. Additionally, we evaluated 33 statistics and multiplicative combinations between the statistics and/or their squares. These statistics are calculated on two k-mer histograms representing two sequences. Our evaluations using global alignment scores revealed that the majority of the statistics are sensitive and capable of finding similar sequences to a query sequence. Therefore, any of these statistics can filter out dissimilar sequences quickly. Further, we observed that multiplicative combinations of the statistics are highly correlated with the identity score. Furthermore, combinations involving sequence length difference or Earth Mover’s distance, which takes the length difference into account, are always among the highest correlated paired statistics with identity scores. Similarly, paired statistics including length difference or Earth Mover’s distance are among the best performers in finding the K-closest sequences. Interestingly, similar performance can be obtained using histograms of shorter words, resulting in reducing the memory requirement and increasing the speed remarkably. Moreover, we found that simple single statistics are sufficient for processing next-generation sequencing reads and for applications relying on local alignment. Finally, we measured the time requirement of each statistic. The survey and the evaluations will help scientists with identifying efficient alternatives to the costly alignment algorithm, saving thousands of computational hours. Availability The source code of the benchmarking tool is available as Supplementary Materials.