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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Commons-based peer production“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Commons-based peer production"
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Benkler, Yochai, und Helen Nissenbaum. „Commons-based Peer Production and Virtue“. Journal of Political Philosophy 14, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2006): 394–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2006.00235.x.
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Bauwens, Michel, und Alekos Pantazis. „The ecosystem of commons-based peer production and its transformative dynamics“. Sociological Review 66, Nr. 2 (März 2018): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026118758532.
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This essay discusses peer-to-peer social dynamics and the relevant technological infrastructures that enable new modes of production. Commons-based peer production is presented as an alternative to the profit-driven peer-to-peer production models of the digital economy. The latter models utilize the peer-to-peer dynamics to harness social creativity, collaboration and information sharing. The created value is then captured and valorized towards profit maximization. This essay argues that there are possibilities for moving away from such extractive models to more generative ones. Commons-based peer production seems to encapsulate both social and environmental sustainability, and thus has the potential to influence such a transition. As commons-based peer production cannot yet reproduce itself outside of a mutual dependence on capitalism, it risks being subordinated. To counter this, a commons-oriented solid and protective ecosystem is needed to fully unleash the creative capabilities of commons-based peer production.
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Papadimitropoulos, Vangelis. „Commons-Based Peer Production in the Work of Yochai Benkler“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 16, Nr. 2 (11.10.2018): 835–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1009.
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Yochai Benkler defines commons-based peer production as a non-market sector of information, knowledge and cultural production, which is not treated as private property but as an ethic of open sharing and co-operation, and is largely enhanced by the Internet and free/open source software. This paper makes the case that there is a tension between Benkler’s liberal commitments and his anarchistic vision of the commons. Benkler limits the scope of commons-based peer production to the immaterial production of the digital commons, while paradoxically envisaging the control of the world economy by the commons. This paradox reflects a deeper lacuna in his work, revealing the absence of a concrete strategy as to how the immaterial production of the digital commons can connect to material production and control the world economy. The paper concludes with an enquiry into some of the latest efforts in the literature to fill this gap.
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Kostakis, Vasilis, und Stelios Stavroulakis. „THE PARODY OF THE COMMONS“. P2P E INOVAÇÃO 2, Nr. 2 (17.04.2016): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2016v2n2.p28-51.
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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extraeconomic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.
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Kostakis, Vasilis, und Stelios Stavroulakis. „The Parody of the Commons“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, Nr. 2 (23.08.2013): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v11i2.484.
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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extra-economic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons-based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.
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Kostakis, Vasilis, und Stelios Stavroulakis. „The Parody of the Commons“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, Nr. 2 (23.08.2013): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol11iss2pp412-424.
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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extra-economic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons-based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.
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Kostakis, Vasilis, und Wolfgang Drechsler. „Commons-based peer production and artistic expression: Two cases from Greece“. New Media & Society 17, Nr. 5 (15.11.2013): 740–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444813511929.
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Menking, Amanda, und David W. McDonald. „Image Wishlist: Context and Images in Commons-Based Peer Production Communities“. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW2 (14.10.2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3415249.
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Pentzold, Christian. „Mundane work for utopian ends: Freeing digital materials in peer production“. New Media & Society 23, Nr. 4 (April 2021): 816–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820954203.
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This article studies the online encyclopedia Wikipedia as a core example of the storage and sharing of commons-based digital materials. It focuses on the voluntary, day-to-day activities of its editors as they gather and transform digital information goods that are made available free of charge. Using the notion of articulation work, I stress the effort that goes into accommodating the engagement with the encyclopedia within the contributors’ media-suffused daily routines. Then, the article discusses the typical practices of transcribing, republishing, and relicensing through which the transition from non-free ownership to freely shared property is brought about. Finally, the freedom that is inherent in the modification of the legal status of ideas and artifacts and their public circulation requires us to interrogate the ethical implications of the digital commons collected and spread by Wikipedians.
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Siefkes, Christian. „Ist Commonismus Kommunismus?“ PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 39, Nr. 155 (01.06.2009): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v39i155.432.
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During the last decades, a new mode of production has emerged, for which names such as "commons-based peer production," "cornmonism," and "peer economi' have been proposed, This article explores the main characteristics of this mode of prodnction and discusses the relationship between commonism and communism: if communism is "the real movement which abolishes the present state of things", can commonism become the mode of production which allows this movement to realize this purpose?
Dissertationen zum Thema "Commons-based peer production"
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Ma, Po-shan Cathy. „Commons-based peer production and Wikipedia social capital in action /“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37848732.
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Ma, Po-shan Cathy, und 馬寶山. „Commons-based peer production and Wikipedia: social capital in action“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37848732.
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Rozas, David. „Self-organisation in commons-based peer production : Drupal - "the drop is always moving"“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/845121/.
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Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP) is a new model of socio-economic production in which groups of individuals cooperate with each other without a traditional hierarchical organisation to produce common and public goods, such as Wikipedia or GNU/Linux. There is a need to understand how these communities govern and organise themselves as they grow in size and complexity. Following an ethnographic approach, this thesis explores the emergence of and changes in the organisational structures and processes of Drupal: a large and global CBBP community which, over the past fifteen years, has coordinated the work of hundreds of thousands of participants to develop a technology which currently powers more than 2% of websites worldwide. Firstly, this thesis questions and studies the notion of contribution in CBPP communities, arguing that contribution should be understood as a set of meanings which are under constant negotiation between the participants according to their own internal logics of value. Following a constructivist approach, it shows the relevance played by less visible contribution activities such as the organisation of events. Secondly, this thesis explores the emergence and inner workings of the socio-technical systems which surround contributions related to the development of projects and the organisation of events. Two intertwined organisational dynamics were identified: formalisation in the organisational processes and decentralisation in decision-making. Finally, this thesis brings together the empirical data from this exploration of socio-technical systems with previous literature on self-organisation and organisation studies, to offer an account of how the organisational changes resulted in the emergence of a polycentric model of governance, in which different forms of organisation varying in their degree of organicity co-exist and influence each other.
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Krowne, Aaron Phillip. „An Architecture for Collaborative Math and Science Digital Libraries“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34891.
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In this thesis I present Noosphere, a system for the collaborative production of digital libraries. Further, I describe the special features of Noosphere which allow it to support mathematical and scientific content, and how it applies an encyclopedic organizational style. I also describe how Noosphere frees the digital library maintainer from a heavy administrative burden by implementing the design pattern of zero content administration. Finally, I discuss evidence showing that Noosphere works and is sustainable, both in the a priori and empirical senses.Master of Science
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Shmidt, Mayya. „From Do It Yourself to Do It Together : Sociological analysis of knowledge sharing in Stockholm Makerspace“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169914.
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The study examinesthe variety of interaction and motivation practices to participate in the sharing initiative as well as pinpointing key elements of member-driven organization functioning;in the case of Stockholm Makerspace– a community of non-professional makers. The Current scholarship on sharing is mostly focused on the large-scale platform businesses in a North American context, thus evidence from grassroots small-scale initiatives is lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing the empirically grounded sociological study of the operation of sharing initiative in Sweden. Data including 1) 11 in-depth interviews conducted with active members of the community and experts, 2) ethnographic observation in situations of planned workshops and everyday life of the Makerspace, 3) systematic online observation (in the role of observer as participant) (Gold, 1958). Therefore, this study employs mixed ethnography and digital methodology – studying sharing economy communities both online and in situto provide a ‘thick’ description of community building. The results revealed that members of the Stockholm Makerspace, acted as prosumers, and attempted to benefit not only from the community understudy, but also contributed to the societal development at large, by creating a public good. Shared access to tools and common “know-how” democratized production of knowledge and its spreading, thus contributing to informal learning, which complemented formal education institutions. The main incentives of sharing, vocalized by participants in the study were open-ended socializing and community commitment, as well as self-expression and belonging.
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Andersson, Pär. „Digital Fabrication and Open Concepts : An emergent paradigm of consumer electronics production“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104994.
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Open Source och relaterade mjukvarukoncept och utvecklingsmodeller är vid det här laget allmänt bekanta och har varit föremål för många studier. Open Source Hardware är mindre spritt och studerat, och så även emergent teknologi som för in traditionellt industriella tekniker som 3D-printing, laserskärare, och CAD-baserade produktionsverktyg i mindre skala i hem- och hobbymiljöer. Dessa ämnen har främst studerats ur mer renodlat tekniska perspektiv, snarare än att sättas i samband i en vidare kontext. Denna kombinerar internet som infrastruktur och socialt medium för kunskaps- och resursdelning; open source-koncept; de möjligheter som tillgängligheten av mer och mer kapabel och överkomlig hårdvara byggd på öppen design bereder; och andra relaterade socio-tekniska fenomen vilka börjat framträda de senaste 5-10 åren. I denna uppsats undersöker jag denna större kontext. Uppsatsen har utförts i form av en litteraturstudie av existerande forskning inom ovanstående diskreta områden, och i den mån de finns även dess inbördes relationer. Denna kontext framträder som ett emergent paradigm kring produktion av hemelektronik, och även som exemplifierande trenden av teknologins fortsatta intåg som allestädes närvarande i våra liv och vår omgivning. Resultaten indikerar en gryende förändring i hur vi interagerar med teknik, vilka som gör det och varför, i vilka kontexter, och ett framträdande av en ny ekonomi. Jag visar på att ytterligare forskning behövs, och att perspektivet bör flyttas från att analyseras enbart i diskreta termer som teknik, open source-principer, DIY et cetera, utan även till vad som framstår som resultatet där dessa konvergerar, den naturliga konsekvensen av ett folkligt anammande av denna teknik och open source-koncept.
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Malafosse, Maxime. „La blockchain en support aux communs“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0455.
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La blockchain et les communs sont deux concepts qui suscitent de plus en plus d’intérêt. Par des approches différentes, on prête à ces deux notions beaucoup d’espoir pour transformer notre société et répondre aux enjeux actuels de transition sociale et écologique. Pourtant peu de recherches les mettent en lien. D’autant plus que les travaux qui rapprochent la blockchain et les communs restent essentiellement théoriques. Nos recherches visent à mieux cerner comment la blockchain peut s’inscrire en support aux communs en situation réelle. Nous avons exploré plusieurs terrains qui incarnaient, de différentes manières, le rôle d’une technologie comme un outil au service d’une finalité collective. Nous avons commencé par observer la place centrale de la blockchain dans un dispositif sociotechnique de communs qui vise à produire et à autogérer la création monétaire (essai 1). Pour investir ce premier terrain de recherche, nous avons réalisé une étude de cas. Dans l’essai suivant, nous avons cherché à éclairer le rôle de la blockchain comme outil intégré dans un dispositif plus large d’expérimentation de communs de la donnée à l’échelle d’une ville (essai 2). Cette deuxième étude de cas a été murie par la réalisation d’une mission d’expertise de deux années dans un tiers lieu et s’est finalement focalisé sur le projet Européen DECODE. Enfin, notre dernier essai permet d’approfondir comment la blockchain pourrait permettre de soutenir économiquement les communs puisqu’elle bouleverse les perspectives de la monnaie par la démocratisation de ses formes alternatives, la facilitation de sa création et la complexification de son design (essai 3)Blockchain and the commons are two concepts that are attracting more and more interest. Through different perspectives, these two notions raise a lot of hopes to transform our society and to answer the current challenges of social and ecological transition. However, there is little research linking them. Especially since the work that brings blockchain and the commons together remains essentially theoretical. Our work aims to better understand how blockchain can support the commons in real life situations. We explored several fields that embodied, in different ways, the role of a technology as a tool in the service of a collective purpose. We began by observing the key role of the blockchain in a commons that aims to produce and self-manage monetary creation (essay 1). To invest this first research field, we conducted a case study. In the following essay, we aimed to shed light on the role of blockchain as a tool integrated in a larger device for experimenting the data commons at the scale of a city (essay 2). This second case study was matured by the realization of a two-year expertise mission in a third place and finally focused on the European project DECODE. Finally, our last essay builds on the results of the first essay and explores how blockchain could economically support the commons as it disrupts the prospects of money through democratizing its alternative forms, facilitating its creation, and increasing the complexity of its design (essay 3)
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Cummings, Robert E. „Open writing Wikis, Commons-Based Peer Production, and the composition classroom /“. 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/cummings%5Frobert%5Fe%5F200608%5Fphd.
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Wu, Ru-Ling, und 吳如玲. „Building a Digital Audiobooks Library -- the Commons-based Peer Production Way in Taiwan“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6zks4p.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
圖書資訊學研究所
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The rapid progress of Information and communication technology facilitates knowledge sharing. In the twenty-first century, with the widespread of Internet, the acquisition and dissemination of human knowledge is no longer limited by time and space. The ability to acquire knowledge not only affects the learning of human beings, but also affects the resilience of people when they face and survive in a rapidly changing and competitive environment. This study aims to explore the existing network collaborative atmosphere, digital audiobooks and the way of convergence of audiobook creation. Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP) is the creation of an Internet-based works through global dynamic participation of volunteers according to public collaboration, freedom, and equality code of conduct.This study presents a digital audiobooks library setting as it relates to commons-based peer production. There are many outstanding features of digital audiobooks such as a combination of multi-element, unrestricted on ambient lighting, hands-free, portable collection, diversified carrier, easier to share and flexible use of time. Compared with the English counterparts, Chinese digital audiobook resources are obviously inadequate. This study aims at engaging open source content management software to build a Chinese digital audiobooks platform with the idea of CBPP in mind and using this platform to recruit voluntary participants, contributing their works, gathering experiences and views of participants. It is expected that the results of this study will be an important reference to the development of digital audiobooks platform.
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Rocco, Grant R. „Developing Maker Economies in Post-Industrial Cities: Applying Commons Based Peer Production to Mycelium Biomaterials“. 2015. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/257.
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Our current system of research and production is no longer suitable for solving the problems we face today. As climate change threatens our cities and livelihoods, the global economic system preys on the weak. A more responsive, equitable, and resilient system needs to be implemented. Our post industrial cities are both products and victims of the boom-bust economies employed for the last few centuries. While some communities have survived by converting to retail and services based economies, others have not been so fortunate and have become run-down husks of their former bustling selves. The key to revitalizing these cities is to create new industries that empower people, unlike the service economies that deride and devalue them. Peer to Peer (P2P) development models like open source software communities create platforms for people to collaborate on projects and share resources. On the scale of cities, the goal is to stimulate the growth of closed loop, local, micro-economies that are inherently more stable than traditional, centralized economic models.Commons Based Peer Production (CBPP) is a term coined by Professor Yochai Benkler at Harvard Law School. It describes a new model of socio-economic production in which the labor of large numbers of people is coordinated (usually with the aid of the Internet) mostly without traditional hierarchical organization. It is based on low thresholds for participation, freely available modular tasks, and community verification of quality (peer governance). CBPP usually only applies to intellectual output, from software to libraries of quantitative data to human-readable documents (manuals, books, encyclopedias, reviews, blogs, periodicals, and more); however, this system can be adapted for physical manufacturing. A P2P system of development for material goods must be explored through the production of a common resource. Mycelium is the “roots” of fungi. It can be grown anywhere with agricultural refuse as a substrate. It has properties that make it ideal for building insulation and it is environmentally innocuous. It is Cradle to Cradle certified, and it requires little specialized equipment to produce. As a consumer product, it has had trouble gaining traction in a notoriously stubborn market dominated by hydrocarbon based market leaders like extruded polystyrene (XPS). Mycelium products are ripe for development as a regenerative building material. The goal is to increase the R-value of the material, decrease the cost of manufacturing, and carve out a market for this extraordinary product. The purpose of applying a CBPP approach is to increase the speed of development and aid in market penetration. The strategy is to decentralize manufacturing of and experimentation with the product. This requires a robust network of production nodes. Essentially, this involves setting up franchises in select markets (like the Pioneer Valley), where there is a strong interest in local, sustainable products. The nodes would be small cooperative businesses that are licensed to produce the material as well as collect data on the manufacturing and performance of mycelium insulation. The data will then be used to improve the production process. The bulk of the thesis is in designing one such node in Greenfield, MA, located adjacent to the new John W. Olver Transit Center on Bank Row St.
Bücher zum Thema "Commons-based peer production"
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Broumas, Antonios. Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production. University of Westminster Press, 2020.
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Morell, Mayo Fuster, Jorge L. Salcedo und Marco Berlinguer. „Debate About the Concept of Value in Commons-Based Peer Production“. In Internet Science, 27–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45982-0_3.
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Papadimitropoulos, Vangelis. „Introducing the Commons“. In The Commons: Economic Alternatives in the Digital Age, 1–30. University of Westminster Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book46.a.
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This introduction outlines peer production (P2P) as a type of social relations, a technological infrastructure and a new mode of production and property, whereby participants have maximum freedom to co-operate and connect. In the last decades, the author notes that the rise of peer production has been driven by three main factors: the sustainability crisis, neoliberalism and low cost information and communication technologies (ICTs). These factors have led to three main streams of peer production: firm-hosted peer production or platform capitalism (user-centric open innovation business models; the so-called sharing and gig economy); the commons (local and digital commons, the solidarity economy); and a hybrid commons-based peer production operating on the models of platform and open cooperativism. In turn, the author establishes his post-hegemonic perspective, focusing on commons-based P2P which is facilitated today by the architectural design of the Internet. To conclude, Vangelis proposes the book’s intention as to produce a critical dialogue between the different approaches to the commons, putting forth a postcapitalist commons-orientated transition beyond neoliberalism. freedom to co-operate and connect. In the last decades, the author notes that the rise of peer production has been driven by three main factors: the sustainability crisis, neoliberalism and low cost information and communication technologies (ICTs). These factors have led to three main streams of peer production: firm-hosted peer production or platform capitalism (user-centric open innovation business models; the so-called sharing and gig economy); the commons (local and digital commons, the solidarity economy); and a hybrid commons-based peer production operating on the models of platform and open cooperativism. In turn, the author establishes his post-hegemonic perspective, focusing on commons-based P2P which is facilitated today by the architectural design of the Internet. To conclude, Vangelis proposes the book’s intention as to produce a critical dialogue between the different approaches to the commons, putting forth a postcapitalist commons-orientated transition beyond neoliberalism.
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De Filippi, Primavera. „Translating Commons-Based Peer Production Values into Metrics“. In Handbook of Digital Currency, 463–83. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802117-0.00023-0.
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„Commons-Based Peer Production and the Composition Classroom“. In Lazy Virtues, 11–52. Vanderbilt University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf78x.5.
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Broumas, Antonios. „The Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Conclusions on Commons-Based Value“. In Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production, 119–27. University of Westminster Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book49.h.
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Elaborating on key findings of previous chapters this chapter proposes more abstract statements on commons-based value, its sources, forms and mode of circulation and, finally, the value crisis challenging the interrelation between intellectual commons and capital. It is structured into the five following sections. The first offers a working definition of commons-based value in accordance with the findings of the research. The second determines productive communal activity as the source of commons-based value. The third analyses the forms of commons-based value. The fourth sketches out the basic characteristics of the mode of commons-based value circulation. The fifth and final substantive section examines the crises of value encountered in the sphere of the intellectual commons. Overall, this chapter offers a social theory of commons-based value circulation with normative dimensions in respect of the morality of the intellectual commons. With empirical data it confirms the presence of an alternative proto-mode of value circulation based on the intellectual commons, which supports the reproduction of the intellectual bases of our societies in dialectical interrelation to the dominant capitalist mode thus thereby rendering commons-based value visible to activists, researchers and policymakers and fuelling practices, policies and laws that might truly unleash their potential.
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Broumas, Antonios. „Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Dimensions of Commons-Based Value“. In Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production, 103–12. University of Westminster Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book49.f.
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The book proceeds in this chapter to present extensive elaboration of the research findings on the sequences and circuits of commons-based value within and beyond the communities under examination. Four sections of the chapter offer an analysis of collected research data as a basis to ground findings in relation to each of these four dimensions of commons-based values. The concluding section elicits general findings on the circulation of commons-based value, arising from common characteristics found in all four dimensions. Overall, the findings of the research show that social value within and beyond intellectual commons communities is circulated in specific forms, which can be revealed through social research and depicted in general formulae. The key finding of the chapter is that commons-based value circulates in the form of economic, social, cultural and political values and these alternative circuits of value have both inherent moral value and are beneficial for society.
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Broumas, Antonios. „The Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Commons-Based and Monetary Value Dialectics“. In Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production, 113–18. University of Westminster Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book49.g.
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What are the characteristics and manifestations of the intellectual commons? This chapter investigates the dialectics between commons-based and monetary values, in an effort to specify the mutual influences between them and to answer this question. It proceeds with an analysis of the dialectics between commons-based and monetary values, as recorded in the study. It also deals with the comparison of value circulation between the offline and online communities of the sample. Its key finding is that commons-based value circuits are in constant contestation with monetary values in communities of the intellectual commons. Furthermore, the chapter offers a view of the actual forms that such contestation takes and its impact on the evolution of the intellectual commons. As a corollary, the current chapter on commons-based and monetary value dialectics reveals that communities of the intellectual commons formulate their own specific modes of value circulation and value pooling, which come into contentious interrelation with the corresponding mode of commodity and capital circulation and accumulation. Such a confrontation at the core of this dialectic permeates and frames the communities of the intellectual commons that are suppressed by the dominant value system of commodity markets and its universal equivalent of value in the form of money. Such pressure, may even lead to the extinction of intellectual commons communities, comes into contradiction with the overall conclusion regarding their social value and potential. Yet communities of the intellectual commons contain and emanate a wealth of social values, which ought to be protected through legal means.
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Papadimitropoulos, Vangelis. „The Reformist Commons“. In The Commons: Economic Alternatives in the Digital Age, 69–136. University of Westminster Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book46.c.
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Within ‘The Reformist Commons’, the author establishes the views of a wide range of reformist theorists. This reformist approach to the commons combines liberal, social democratic, socialist and revolutionary elements in multiple variants. In the context of Benkler’s three basic future scenarios for the commons the author goes onto critically engage with the work of a number of thinkers who have further argued for the autonomisation of commons-based peer production in such models as the green governance (David Bollier and Silke Helfrich) and collaborative commons (Jeremy Rifkin) and platform cooperativism (Trebor Scholz) . Also discussed are Bauwens and Kostakis’s model of open cooperativism incorporating the ecological model of Design Global Manufacture, cosmolocalism and a partner state abetting commons-based peer production, Adam Arvidsson and Nicolai Peiterson’s ‘productive publics’ and digital distributism (Douglas Rushkoff). The author concludes with Erik Olin Wright’s arguments for how institutional space might be freed up for strategic action towards a commons-orientated transition. Wright’s perspective, the author argues offers the most holistic political alternative by integrating the self-instituting power of the people into a strategic pluralism based on multiple pathways of social empowerment, embodied in a variety of structural transformations. This may function as an institutional multi-format for the various reformist approaches advocated by the other thinkers.
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Broumas, Antonios. „Theories of the Intellectual Commons“. In Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production, 27–62. University of Westminster Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book49.c.
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Noting the growth of academic interest in the concept of the commons this chapter introduces the main theoretical trends that have been formulated in relation to the analysis of the intellectual commons and their relation with capital. In this context, four families of theories are distinguished on the grounds of their epistemological foundations, their analytical tools with regard to social actors, social structures and the dynamics between them, their normative criteria and, finally, their perspectives on social change. Rational choice theories draw from the work of Elinor Ostrom offering a perspective of complementarity between commons and capital. Neoliberal theories elaborate on the profit-maximising opportunities of the intellectual commons and further highlight their capacities of acting as a fix to capital circulation/accumulation in intellectual property-enabled commodity markets. Social democratic theories propose the forging of a partnership between a transformed state and the communities of the commons and put forward specific transition plans for a commons-oriented society. Critical theories conceptualise the productive patterns encountered within intellectual commons as a proto-mode of production which is a direct expression of the advanced productive forces of the social intellect and has the potential to open up alternatives to capital. In the conclusion, of the chapter the four theoretical frameworks are compared, with the aim of formulating a strong theory of the intellectual commons evaluated from the standpoint of their approach to social change. Critical tenets from each theory are utilised as the bedrock for the moral justification of an intellectual commons law.
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Broumas, Antonios. „Conclusion“. In Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production, 155–68. University of Westminster Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/book49.j.
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The intellectual commons exhibit propensities with a positive potential for society, bearing ethical substance but are in need of protection and advancement under the auspices of law. Theories of the intellectual commons provide substantial justifications for the promotion of commons-oriented institutions in contemporary societies. In this chapter the author details afresh the tendencies, manifestations and moral dimensions of the intellectual commons and how the social research in this book provides empirical evidence about the existence of distinct sequences and circuits of social value circulating. This leads directly to the justification of an Intellectual Commons Law. What might be the fundamentals of such a new body of law? The crucial first step, it is argued, would be the reconstitution of the public domain as a common space of sharing, collaboration, innovation, and freedom of expression through policies for its protection, expansion and enrichment. Secondly, a commons-oriented legal framework ought to unconditionally recognise and protect the creative practices within commons-based peer production and guarantee the characteristics of societal constitutionalism encountered in intellectual commons communities. Finally, commons-oriented legal institutions ought to introduce sets of extensive rights to access, work upon and transform information, knowledge and culture for non-commercial purposes. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future legal research focusing on particular fields within commons-oriented policymaking reimagining the commons-based elements already present within intellectual property law proposing their reconstruction in a novel and systematic way into an independent commons-oriented body of law.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Commons-based peer production"
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Rozas, David. „Drupal as a Commons-Based Peer Production community“. In OpenSym '14: The International Symposium on Open Collaboration. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2641580.2641624.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Commons-based peer production"
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Pazaitis, Alex, Chris Giotitsas, Leandros Savvides und Vasilis Kostakis. Do Patents Spur Innovation for Society? Lessons from 3D Printing. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp7en.
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Effective appropriation of new technology has long been considered essential for innovation. Yet, the role of patents and other Intellectual Property tools has been questioned, both for rewarding innovators and serving societal needs. Simultaneously, there is ample empirical evidence of technological advance accelerating under conditions of loose appropriability, for example, when patents expire and cases of innovations based on shared technology and diverse motivations. This paper explores the case of the 3D printing technology, which appears to have found successful commercialization and dynamic market growth after key patents expired. We analyze the role of commons-based peer production practices in forging synergies among different factors and effectuating an alternative innovation pathway and the challenges and contradictions in the process. Finally, we critically assess recent developments of 3D printing technology and draw lessons for innovation policy by incorporating aspects of emerging commons-based innovation paradigms.