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Thematische Bibliographien / Common gecko / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Common gecko“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 4. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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1

Keating, Shannon E., Madison Blumer, L. Lee Grismer, Aung Lin, Stuart V. Nielsen, Myint Kyaw Thura, Perry L. Wood, Evan S. H. Quah und Tony Gamble. „Sex Chromosome Turnover in Bent-Toed Geckos (Cyrtodactylus)“. Genes 12, Nr. 1 (19.01.2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010116.

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Lizards and snakes (squamates) are known for their varied sex determining systems, and gecko lizards are especially diverse, having evolved sex chromosomes independently multiple times. While sex chromosomes frequently turnover among gecko genera, intrageneric turnovers are known only from Gekko and Hemidactylus. Here, we used RADseq to identify sex-specific markers in two species of Burmese bent-toed geckos. We uncovered XX/XY sex chromosomes in Cyrtodactylus chaunghanakwaensis and ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in Cyrtodactylus pharbaungensis. This is the third instance of intrageneric turnover of sex chromosomes in geckos. Additionally, Cyrtodactylus are closely related to another genus with intrageneric turnover, Hemidactylus. Together, these data suggest that sex chromosome turnover may be common in this clade, setting them apart as exceptionally diverse in a group already known for diverse sex determination systems.

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Kurniawan, Nia, Amir Hamidy und Ari Ardiantoro. „Evaluation on the Legal Trade of Tokay gecko (Lacertidae; Gekkonidae; Gekko gecko Linnaeus, 1758) in Indonesia“. Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, Nr. 1 (03.02.2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.01.12.

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Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) is a large-sized gecko from the genus of Gekko, which is most commonly found from South Asia, southern China, and Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, these species are common to inhabit human-modified habitat in Sumatera, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi, and Moluccas. In recent years, the demand for Tokay gekko with high use-value in both national and international markets has increased, one of which is used for traditional medicine. This situation raised the concern on the decreasing of the wild population and the validity of captive breeding programs that produced a large number of individuals. Several reports had estimated millions of individuals have been exported from Indonesia either legally or illegally, however, the exact number never been reported. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the trend on the harvested Tokay gecko and its origin based on the source code information. The data were collected from government records, including specimens harvested from the wild and specimens produced from captivity during 2013 - 2018 (six years). The results showed that the legally exported specimens were sourced from wild (W) and captive breeding (C or F). The total numbers of individuals exported from the wild harvest are 97.146, and all export realization is below the wild harvest quota. However, there are the large numbers of individuals exported and declared as specimens produced from the captive breeding facilities (6.965.000 with source code F, and 1.236.000 with source code C). More importantly, the high level of specimens produced from captive breeding facilities is unlikely to match with the biological capacity of this species. Therefore, we predict that specimens labeled captive breeding were likely sourced from the wild.

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Torres-Carvajal, Omar, und Washington Tapia. „First record of the common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel, 1836 and distribution extension of Phyllodactylus reissii Peters, 1862 in the Galápagos“. Check List 7, Nr. 4 (01.06.2011): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.4.470.

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Among introduced species in the Galápagos are three species of geckos – Gonatodes caudiscutatus, Lepidodactylus lugubris, Phyllodactylus reissii – occurring on the islands of Isabela, San Cristóbal, and Santa Cruz. Here we report the first record of a fourth invasive species of gecko from Isabela, as well as the first record of P. reissii from the same island.

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Hedman, Hayden D., Sililo C. Chuga, Douglas A. Eifler, Gustaf P. K. Hanghome und Maria A. Eifler. „Microhabitat use of two sympatric geckos, Turner's thick-toed gecko (Chondrodactylus turneri) and the Common Namib Day Gecko (Rhoptropus afer)“. Journal of Arid Environments 188 (Mai 2021): 104448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2021.104448.

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5

Rakhmiyati, Rakhmiyati, und Muhammad Jafar Luthfi. „Histological Study of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) Regenerated Tail“. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 5, Nr. 2 (24.10.2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2016.52.49-53.

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Common house gecko<strong> </strong>(<em>Hemidactylus frenatus</em>) belongs to suborder Lacertilia that has capacity to shed its tail (autotomy) as a self-defense mechanism. After autotomy, tail regeneration occurs. Axiale skeleton of an original tail is composed of bony vertebrae, whereas the the regenerate one is comprised of cartilaginous tube. The purpose of this study was to determine the histological difference between axial skeleton of the original tail and the regenerate one of the common house gecko. Twenty four individuals consist of twelve common house gecko with original tail and twelve with regenerate tail were used. Microanatomical observations were carried on histological slide of original and regenerated tail stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Mallory Acid Fuchsin. The results showed that the original tail comprised of bony vertebrae whereas regenerated tail supported by cartilaginous tube.

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Zaaf, A., R. Van Damme, A. Herrel und P. Aerts. „Spatio-temporal gait characteristics of level and vertical locomotion in a ground-dwelling and a climbing gecko“. Journal of Experimental Biology 204, Nr. 7 (01.04.2001): 1233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.7.1233.

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The effects of incline (vertical versus horizontal) on spatio-temporal gait characteristics (stride and step length, frequency, duty factor, degree of sprawling) were measured over a range of speeds in a ground-dwelling (Eublepharis macularius) and a climbing (Gekko gecko) species of gecko. Surprisingly, the climbing species also performs very well when moving on the horizontal substratum. In the present experiments, climbing speeds ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 m s(−)(1), whereas speeds for level locomotion were between 0.6 and 1.8 m s(−)(1). In contrast, the vertical climbing capacities of the ground-dweller are limited (speeds below 0.1 m s(−)(1)versus level speeds between 0.2 and 1.1 m s(−)(1)). In general, we demonstrate that very little adjustment in gait characteristics is made by either species when they are forced to move on their non-habitual substratum. Moreover, gait characteristics differ little between the species despite the clear differences in ecological niche. Higher level or climbing speeds are realized mainly (or exclusively in the case of level locomotion in G. gecko) by increasing stride frequency. Stride lengths and duty factors vary with speed in the ground-dweller, but not in the climbing species. Step length and the degree of sprawling are speed-independent (except for hind-limb sprawling in G. gecko on the level). It is argued that this common strategy suits climbing (fixed spatial variables, no floating phases) rather than level locomotion.

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Weterings, Robbie. „Opportunistic feeding by house-dwelling geckos: does this make them more successful invaders?“ Herpetological Bulletin, Issue Number 149, Autumn 2019 (01.10.2019): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hb149.3840.

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Various species of ‘house’ gecko are found in and around buildings, where they can be observed feeding opportunistically on the insects attracted to artificial lights. Most of the species are considered strict insectivores. Nevertheless, there have been several recently published observations of ‘house’ geckos feeding on non-insect food. In order to assess how common this behaviour is among geckos worldwide, we offered an online questionnaire to ecologists and herpetologists. Of the 74 observations received, most reported Hemidactylus frenatus, H. platyurus and Gehyra mutilata feeding on rice, bread, fruits, vegetables, dog food or chocolate cream, taken from tables, plates, and garbage bins. This opportunistic feeding behaviour is much more common than previously thought and is perpetrated by species considered to be highly invasive, possibly contributing to their success as invaders.

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Behm, Jocelyn. „First records of the mourning gecko (Lepidodactylus lugubris Duméril and Bibron, 1836), common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus in Duméril, 1836), and Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko Linnaeus, 1758) on Curaçao, Dutch Antilles, and remarks on their Caribbean distributions“. BioInvasions Records 8, Nr. 1 (2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2019.8.1.04.

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Kun, Marcelo E., Carla Piantoni, John D. Krenz und Nora R. Ibargüengoytía. „Dietary analysis of Homonota darwini (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Northern Patagonia“. Current Zoology 56, Nr. 4 (01.08.2010): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.4.406.

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Abstract Our study investigated the diet of the southernmost gecko in the world, Homonota darwini. Fifty-three specimens were captured during spring and summer in four locations in Patagonia, Argentina. The stomach contents of the specimens were identified, and we found that prey consisted of six main groups: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera and Araneae, and the adults and larvae of moth Lepidoptera. Lepidoptera was the major dietary component. The presence of ants and moths as common prey suggests an ambush feeding strategy. In spring, females consumed more ants than males although no other dietary differences between males and females were evident. We found nine geckos with empty stomachs and six parasitized by nematodes. Presence of empty stomachs corroborates previous observations of other nocturnal geckos and non-gecko lizards. Reduced foraging success of nocturnal lizards could be due to difficulty in prey detection due to dim light, reduced or erratic activity of insect prey at night, or shorter activity times of geckos relative to diurnal success. Sex and season were not associated with the incidence of empty stomachs. Principal component analysis showed that four food alternatives correlated with season. The constraint of nocturnality, coupled with low night-time temperatures restricting feeding to only a few hours after sunset, appear to have caused a generality of diet which may limit energy acquisition. We conclude that H. darwini is an arthropod generalist and likely an ambush forager, as are many other nocturnal gekkonids.

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Webb, Jonathan K., Weiguo Du, David Pike und Richard Shine. „Generalization of predator recognition: Velvet geckos display anti-predator behaviours in response to chemicals from non-dangerous elapid snakes“. Current Zoology 56, Nr. 3 (01.06.2010): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.3.337.

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Abstract Many prey species detect chemical cues from predators and modify their behaviours in ways that reduce their risk of predation. Theory predicts that prey should modify their anti-predator responses according to the degree of threat posed by the predator. That is, prey should show the strongest responses to chemicals of highly dangerous prey, but should ignore or respond weakly to chemicals from non-dangerous predators. However, if anti-predator behaviours are not costly, and predators are rarely encountered, prey may exhibit generalised antipredator behaviours to dangerous and non-dangerous predators. In Australia, most elapid snakes eat lizards, and are therefore potentially dangerous to lizard prey. Recently, we found that the nocturnal velvet gecko Oedura lesueurii responds to chemicals from dangerous and non-dangerous elapid snakes, suggesting that it displays generalised anti-predator behaviours to chemicals from elapid snakes. To explore the generality of this result, we videotaped the behaviour of velvet geckos in the presence of chemical cues from two small elapid snakes that rarely consume geckos: the nocturnal golden-crowned snake Cacophis squamulosus and the diurnal marsh snake Hemiaspis signata. We also videotaped geckos in trials involving unscented cards (controls) and cologne-scented cards (pungency controls). In trials involving Cacophis and Hemiaspis chemicals, 50% and 63% of geckos spent long time periods (> 3 min) freezing whilst pressed flat against the substrate, respectively. Over half the geckos tested exhibited anti-predator behaviours (tail waving, tail vibration, running) in response to Cacophis (67%) or Hemiaspis (63%) chemicals. These behaviours were not observed in control or pungency control trials. Our results support the idea that the velvet gecko displays generalised anti-predator responses to chemical cues from elapid snakes. Generalised responses to predator chemicals may be common in prey species that co-occur with multiple, ecologically similar, dangerous predators.

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Inayah, Nurul, Nyoman Puniawati Soesilo und Rarastoeti Pratiwi. „Effect of Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko LINNAEUS, 1758) Saliva on Angiogenesis During Wound Healing Phase of Auotomized Tail in Common Sun Skink (Eutropis multifasciata KUHL, 1820)“. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 13, Nr. 2 (2017): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47349/jbi/13022017/253.

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12

Cork, S. C., und P. H. G. Stockdale. „Mycotic disease in the common New Zealand gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus)“. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 40, Nr. 1 (März 1992): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1992.36519.

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Cork, S. C., und P. H. G. Stockdale. „Mycotic disease in the common New Zealand gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus)“. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 42, Nr. 4 (08.01.1994): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1994.35805.

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Gao, Boran, Can Yang, Jin Liu und Xiang Zhou. „Accurate genetic and environmental covariance estimation with composite likelihood in genome-wide association studies“. PLOS Genetics 17, Nr. 1 (04.01.2021): e1009293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009293.

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Genetic and environmental covariances between pairs of complex traits are important quantitative measurements that characterize their shared genetic and environmental architectures. Accurate estimation of genetic and environmental covariances in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) can help us identify common genetic and environmental factors associated with both traits and facilitate the investigation of their causal relationship. Genetic and environmental covariances are often modeled through multivariate linear mixed models. Existing algorithms for covariance estimation include the traditional restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method and the recent method of moments (MoM). Compared to REML, MoM approaches are computationally efficient and require only GWAS summary statistics. However, MoM approaches can be statistically inefficient, often yielding inaccurate covariance estimates. In addition, existing MoM approaches have so far focused on estimating genetic covariance and have largely ignored environmental covariance estimation. Here we introduce a new computational method, GECKO, for estimating both genetic and environmental covariances, that improves the estimation accuracy of MoM while keeping computation in check. GECKO is based on composite likelihood, relies on only summary statistics for scalable computation, provides accurate genetic and environmental covariance estimates across a range of scenarios, and can accommodate SNP annotation stratified covariance estimation. We illustrate the benefits of GECKO through simulations and applications on analyzing 22 traits from five large-scale GWASs. In the real data applications, GECKO identified 50 significant genetic covariances among analyzed trait pairs, resulting in a twofold power gain compared to the previous MoM method LDSC. In addition, GECKO identified 20 significant environmental covariances. The ability of GECKO to estimate environmental covariance in addition to genetic covariance helps us reveal strong positive correlation between the genetic and environmental covariance estimates across trait pairs, suggesting that common pathways may underlie the shared genetic and environmental architectures between traits.

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Areesirisuk, Prapatsorn, Narongrit Muangmai, Kirati Kunya, Worapong Singchat, Siwapech Sillapaprayoon, Sorravis Lapbenjakul, Watcharaporn Thapana et al. „Characterization of five completeCyrtodactylusmitogenome structures reveals low structural diversity and conservation of repeated sequences in the lineage“. PeerJ 6 (13.12.2018): e6121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6121.

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Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of fiveCyrtodactyluswere determined. Their compositions and structures were similar to most of the available gecko lizard mitogenomes as 13 protein-coding, two rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. The non-coding control region (CR) of almost allCyrtodactylusmitogenome structures contained a repeated sequence named the 75-bp box family, except forC. auribalteatuswhich contained the 225-bp box. Sequence similarities indicated that the 225-bp box resulted from the duplication event of 75-bp boxes, followed by homogenization and fixation inC. auribalteatus. The 75-bp box family was found in most gecko lizards with high conservation (55–75% similarities) and could form secondary structures, suggesting that this repeated sequence family played an important role under selective pressure and might involve mitogenome replication and the likelihood of rearrangements in CR. The 75-bp box family was acquired in the common ancestral genome of the gecko lizard, evolving gradually through each lineage by independent nucleotide mutation. Comparison of gecko lizard mitogenomes revealed low structural diversity with at least six types of mitochondrial gene rearrangements.Cyrtodactylusmitogenome structure showed the same gene rearrangement as found in most gecko lizards. Advanced mitogenome information will enable a better understanding of structure evolution mechanisms.

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Singh, Bhoj R., Vidya Singh, N. Ebibeni und Raj K. Singh. „Antimicrobial and Herbal Drug Resistance in Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Faecal Droppings of Common House Lizard/Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)“. International Journal of Microbiology 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/340848.

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From 194 faecal dropping samples of common house geckos collected from offices (60), houses (88), integrated farm units (IFS,18) and hostels, guest houses, and dining rooms of different canteen/mess (HGM, 28), 326 bacterial isolates of enteric bacteria belonging to 17 genera and 34 species were detected.Escherichia coliwere the most frequently (39) isolated followed byCitrobacter freundii(33),Klebsiella pneumonia(27),Salmonella indica(12),Enterobacter gergoviae(12), andEnt. agglomerans(11). Other important bacteria isolated from gecko droppings wereListonella damsela(2),Raoultella terrigena(3),S. salamae(2),S. houtenae(3),Edwardsiella tarda(4),Edwardsiella hoshinae(1), andKlebsiella oxytoca(2). Of the 223 isolates tested for antimicrobial drug sensitivity, 27 (12.1%) had multiple drug resistance (MDR). None of the salmonellae or edwardsiellae had MDR however, MDR strains were significantly more common amongEscherichiaspp. (P=1.9×10-5) and isolates from IFS units (P=3.58×10-23). The most effective herbal drug,Ageratum conyzoidesextract, inhibited growth of only 27.8% of strains tested followed by ethanolic extract ofZanthoxylum rhetsa(13.9%), eucalyptus oil (5.4%), patchouli oil (5.4%), lemongrass oil (3.6%), and sandalwood oil (3.1%), andArtemisia vulgarisessential oil (3.1%).

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Zug, George R., und Joseph C. Mitchell. „Ecological observations on the gecko“. Amphibia-Reptilia 9, Nr. 4 (1988): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853888x00071.

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AbstractHemidactylus brookii was the most common gecko in the Terai of central Nepal, occurring both in the forest and on buildings. In the Royal Chitwan National Park, samples of adult males (46.4 ± 0.04 mm SVL) were not significantly different from adult females (45.3 + 0.04 mm SVL) in body size and head measurements, except head width (males 9.1 ± 0.2 mm, females 8.7 ± 0.1 mm). All measures of head size were significantly different between sexes when the effect of body size was removed. Males were sexually mature at 42 mm SVL and females at 43 mm SVL. The reproductive pattern of both species is vernal; activities are concentrated in spring (premonsoon). Growth averaged 0.8 mm/month between premonsoon and postmonsoon sampling periods. Adult survivorship was estimated at 14.3% for this six month period. Population size was estimated at 105 lizards on six small buildings in a < 1 ha area. Peak activity period was 1900-2300 h. Hemidactylus brookii in Nepal appears to possess life history characteristics associated with annual population turnover.

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Hibbitts, Toby J., Eric R. Pianka, Raymond B. Huey und Martin J. Whiting. „Ecology of the Common Barking Gecko (Ptenopus garrulus) in Southern Africa“. Journal of Herpetology 39, Nr. 3 (September 2005): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/55-05n.1.

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Jadin, Robert, Eric Smith, Marco Altamirano und Mario Yánez-Muñoz. „First record of the common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) in Ecuador“. Applied Herpetology 6, Nr. 2 (2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075408x394133.

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Muller, Benjamin J., Robin M. Andrews, Lin Schwarzkopf und David A. Pike. „Social context alters retreat- and nest-site selection in a globally invasive gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus“. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, Nr. 2 (21.11.2019): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz188.

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Abstract Microhabitat orientation and structure and the presence of conspecifics may strongly influence the choice of habitat. We studied how these variables influence retreat- and nest-site selection in gravid females of a globally successful invasive species, the Asian house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus). When provided with various substrates (vertical and horizontal ceramic tiles, vertical and horizontal plywood tiles, horizontal bark over leaf litter, vertical bark over a log, and sand) gravid female geckos preferred to retreat to, and nest in, materials with crevices commonly found in urban habitats. When housed alone, gravid females most frequently retreated to vertical ceramic tile or wooden crevices, and 66.7% nested in vertical ceramic tiles. When housed with two other conspecifics, gravid females most frequently retreated to vertical ceramic tiles, but selected a wider range of nest sites. Overall, gravid geckos housed alone typically nested in the same substrates that they used as diurnal retreats; when housed in groups, however, females oviposited in locations different from those they selected as retreats. Thus, H. frenatus females use a wider range of substrates when conspecifics are present. Invasion success in this species might be driven, in part, by preferences for retreat and nest substrates that are common in human-dominated habitats.

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Yokoyama, Shozo, und F. Bernhard Radlwimmer. „The Molecular Genetics and Evolution of Red and Green Color Vision in Vertebrates“. Genetics 158, Nr. 4 (01.08.2001): 1697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.4.1697.

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Abstract To better understand the evolution of red-green color vision in vertebrates, we inferred the amino acid sequences of the ancestral pigments of 11 selected visual pigments: the LWS pigments of cave fish (Astyanax fasciatus), frog (Xenopus laevis), chicken (Gallus gallus), chameleon (Anolis carolinensis), goat (Capra hircus), and human (Homo sapiens); and the MWS pigments of cave fish, gecko (Gekko gekko), mouse (Mus musculus), squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), and human. We constructed these ancestral pigments by introducing the necessary mutations into contemporary pigments and evaluated their absorption spectra using an in vitro assay. The results show that the common ancestor of vertebrates and most other ancestors had LWS pigments. Multiple regression analyses of ancestral and contemporary MWS and LWS pigments show that single mutations S180A, H197Y, Y277F, T285A, A308S, and double mutations S180A/H197Y shift the λmax of the pigments by −7, −28, −8, −15, −27, and 11 nm, respectively. It is most likely that this “five-sites” rule is the molecular basis of spectral tuning in the MWS and LWS pigments during vertebrate evolution.

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Berto, Bruno P., Bruno do B. Lopes, Walter Flausino, Walter L. Teixeira Filho und Carlos Wilson G. Lopes. „Contribution on the study of Isospora hemidactyli Carini, 1936 and a report of an adeleid pseudoparasite of the house gecko Hemidactylus mabouia, from the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, Brazil“. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 17, Nr. 3 (September 2008): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612008000300006.

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A description of the coccidium Isospora hemidactyli from the house gecko Hemidactylus mabouia, a very common at dwellings in Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, was made in this study. Histograms and linear regression were made for this species and determined the homogeneity of these oocysts despite of large range. Besides it, polysporocystid oocysts also were recovered from feces of the H. mabouia house gecko and they were similar to those described previously as the genus Adelina. This species should be parasitizing an invertebrate ingested by house gecko, and for that reason, is a pseudoparasite. Oocysts of I. hemidactyli were subspherical to ellipsoidal, 24.4 × 22.3μm, with single-layered wall and one polar granule. Sporocysts were subspherical to ellipsoidal, 11.8 × 9.8μm with Stieda and substieda bodies, residuum and sporozoites with refractile body. Oocysts of the pseudoparasite Adelina sp. were ellipsoidal, 36.3 × 30.9μm, with bi-layered wall and without micropyle, residuum and polar granule. Eight to 15 sporocysts were presents and were subspherical to broadly ellipsoidal, 12.4 × 11.2μm. Stieda and substieda bodies were absent. Sporozoites present refractile bodies at both ends.

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Suresh, Srinivasan A., Amar Hajj-Ahmad, Elliot W. Hawkes und Mark R. Cutkosky. „Forcing the issue: testing gecko-inspired adhesives“. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, Nr. 174 (Januar 2021): 20200730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0730.

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Materials are traditionally tested either by imposing controlled displacements and measuring the corresponding forces, or by imposing controlled forces. The first of these approaches is more common because it is straightforward to control the displacements of a stiff apparatus and, if the material suddenly fails, little energy is released. However, when testing gecko-inspired adhesives, an applied force paradigm is closer to how the adhesives are loaded in practice. Moreover, we demonstrate that the controlled displacement paradigm can lead to artefacts in the assumed behaviour unless the imposed loading trajectory precisely matches the deflections that would occur in applications. We present the design of a controlled-force system and protocol for testing directional gecko-inspired adhesives and show that results obtained with it are in some cases substantially different from those with controlled-displacement testing. An advantage of the controlled-force testing approach is that it allows accurate generation of adhesive limit curves without prior knowledge of the expected behaviour of the material or the loading details associated with practical applications.

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Rakhmiyati, Rakhmiyati, und Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi. „Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue Staining for Regenerated tail of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)“. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 7, Nr. 2 (31.10.2018): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2018.72.57-59.

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Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) is one of reptiles that have ability to autotomy their tails. Tail autotomy is a mechanism to protect it self from predators. After the tail broke, there will be wound healing on the tail which is then followed by a tail regeneration event. Original tail and regenerate tail is very different morphologically and anatomically. The original tail is composed of bones while the tail of the regenerate is composed of cartilage. Histochemical staining using Alizarin Red-S Alcian Blue was done to differentiate bone and cartilage. This method will stained bones red while the cartilage will stained blue.

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Rawat, Yam Bahadur, Kul Bahadur Thapa, Santosh Bhattarai und Karan Bahadur Shah. „First records of the Common Leopard Gecko, Eublepharis macularius (Blyth 1854) (Eublepharidae), in Nepal“. Reptiles & Amphibians 26, Nr. 1 (01.04.2019): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v26i1.14342.

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Diaz-del-Pino, Sergio, Pablo Rodriguez-Brazzarola, Esteban Perez-Wohlfeil und Oswaldo Trelles. „Combining Strengths for Multi-genome Visual Analytics Comparison“. Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 13 (Januar 2019): 117793221882512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177932218825127.

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The eclosion of data acquisition technologies has shifted the bottleneck in molecular biology research from data acquisition to data analysis. Such is the case in Comparative Genomics, where sequence analysis has transitioned from genes to genomes of several orders of magnitude larger. This fact has revealed the need to adapt software to work with huge experiments efficiently and to incorporate new data-analysis strategies to manage results from such studies. In previous works, we presented GECKO, a software to compare large sequences; now we address the representation, browsing, data exploration, and post-processing of the massive amount of information derived from such comparisons. GECKO-MGV is a web-based application organized as client-server architecture. It is aimed at visual analysis of the results from both pairwise and multiple sequences comparison studies combining a set of common commands for image exploration with improved state-of-the-art solutions. In addition, GECKO-MGV integrates different visualization analysis tools while exploiting the concept of layers to display multiple genome comparison datasets. Moreover, the software is endowed with capabilities for contacting external-proprietary and third-party services for further data post-processing and also presents a method to display a timeline of large-scale evolutionary events. As proof-of-concept, we present 2 exercises using bacterial and mammalian genomes which depict the capabilities of GECKO-MGV to perform in-depth, customizable analyses on the fly using web technologies. The first exercise is mainly descriptive and is carried out over bacterial genomes, whereas the second one aims to show the ability to deal with large sequence comparisons. In this case, we display results from the comparison of the first Homo sapiens chromosome against the first 5 chromosomes of Mus musculus.

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Torres-Carvajal, Omar. „On the origin of South American populations of the common house gecko (Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus frenatus)“. NeoBiota 27 (15.09.2015): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.27.5437.

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Khandakar, Naim, Kamrun Nahar Jeny und Delip K. Das. „Limb-loss in a Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril and Bibron 1836) from Bangladesh“. Reptiles & Amphibians 26, Nr. 3 (01.01.2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v26i3.14421.

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Naher, Kamrun, ABM Sarowar Alam, Shahriar Rahman und Md Mofizul Kabir. „Gut contents of common house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus (Schlegel, 1836) in Jahangirnagar university campus, Savar, Bangladesh“. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 41, Nr. 2 (13.05.2015): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v41i2.23325.

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Gut contents of Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) collected from Jahangirnagar University campus, Savar, Dhaka were analysed. Sixteen different food items were identified of which most were insects. Insects from the order Orthoptera were the highest (32.66%) followed by the Coleopterans (18.36%), Diptera (14.28%), Hymenoptera (10.20%), Homoptera (10.20%), Lepidoptera (8.16%) and Hemiptera (6.14%). It is evident that the H. frenatus plays an important role in biological pest control consuming 39.13% insects which are harmful to crops, fruits and vegetables; 19.56% insects responsible for plant damage, 8.56% insects injurious to cotton, 6.52% garden pests, 6.52% were house hold pests, 4.32% destructive to plant seeds and roots of beans and cereals and remaining 15.21% were useful insects. Female consumed more than males.Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(2): 229-232, 2013

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Villegas-Retana, Sergio A., Adriana Picado-Rossi und Alejandro Durán-Apuy. „Diet of the gecko Hemidactylus frenatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Coco’s Island National Park, Costa Rica“. UNED Research Journal 8, Nr. 1 (10.06.2016): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v8i1.1229.

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The common house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, is a native of Indonesia that has rapidly colonized new environments. Normally it is found in human constructions, but it can also invade natural environments and is causing the displacement and extinction of some native lizards, mostly in oceanic islands. In the Pacific reserve of Isla del Coco (Costa Rica) we captured nine specimens with sticky traps and direct capture. Theridium spp. accounted for 54% of its stomach contents (25,7% were unidentified remains and 18,8% Hymenoptera).

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Ngwoke, K., P. Eze und C. Esimone. „Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Methanol Extract of Fecal Droppings of Common House Lizard/Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)“. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International 2, Nr. 2 (10.01.2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2015/13059.

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32

Wotton, Debra M. „Effectiveness of the common gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus) as a seed disperser on Mana Island, New Zealand“. New Zealand Journal of Botany 40, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2002): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.2002.9512820.

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33

Panthi, Roshan, Krishna Ghimire und Prabhat Kiran Bhattarai. „Record of the Common Leopard Gecko, Eublepharis macularius (Blyth 1854) (Squamata: Eublepharidae), from Kapilvastu District, Nepal“. Reptiles & Amphibians 28, Nr. 1 (13.05.2021): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i1.15364.

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34

Hassan, Mustafa, Mofeed Rashid und Ali Abdulaali. „Design and Implementation of Hybrid-Climbing Legged Robot“. Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 15, Nr. 1 (01.06.2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.15.1.4.

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In this paper, the hybrid-climbing legged robot is designed, implemented, and practically tested. The robot has four legs arranged symmetrically around the body were designed for climbing wire mesh fence. Each leg in robot has 3DOF which makes the motion of the robot is flexible. The robot can climb the walls vertically by using a unique design of gripper device included metal hooks. The mechanism of the movement is a combination of two techniques, the first is the common way for the successive movement like gecko by using four limbs, and the second depending on the method that used by cats for climbing on the trees using claws, for this reason, the robot is named hybrid-climbing legged robot. The movement mechanism of the climbing robot is achieved by emulating the motion behavior of the gecko, which helped to derive the kinematic equations of the robot. The robot was practically implemented by using a microcontroller for the mainboard controller while the structure of the robot body is designed by AutoCAD software. Several experiments performed in order to test the success of climbing on the vertical wire mesh fence.

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Patel, Harshil, Vaibhav Naik und Shantilal Tank. „The Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel in Dumeril & Bibron 1836 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in Gujarat, India“. Reptiles & Amphibians 23, Nr. 3 (13.12.2020): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v23i3.14130.

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Bates, Michael F., und Johann du Preez. „First record of a gecko (Reptilia: Sauria) in the diet of the common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)“. African Journal of Ecology 56, Nr. 2 (03.02.2018): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12458.

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37

Vishnu, Sreedharan Nair, und Chinnasamy Ramesh. „A bifurcated tail in a Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus‎) from the Moyar River Valley, Tamil Nadu, India“. Reptiles & Amphibians 28, Nr. 2 (15.07.2021): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v28i2.15254.

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38

Hojati, Vida, und Reza Babaei Savasari. „The Diet and Sexual Differences of the Caspian Bent-Toed Gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius(Squamata: Gekkonidae), in Northern Iran“. International Journal of Zoology 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/698216.

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The Caspian bent-toed gecko,Tenuidactylus caspius, is one of the most common nocturnal lizards of Iran with widespread distribution especially in the northern provinces. This research was done in order to study the diet and sexual dimorphism of this species in Sari County from 5 May to 20 October. During this research, 40 specimens of them including 20 males and 20 females were studied for diet and 140 specimens including 70 adult males and 70 adult females were studied for sexual dimorphism. Prey items identified were insects that belong to 15 species of 8 families and 6 orders. The most common prey items wereCulex pipiensandMusca domestica. There is no significant difference between diets of males and females. Results show that the adult males in addition of having the apparent femoral and preanal pores are heavier than females and have larger body, head, and tail length.

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Kurita, Takaki. „Current Status of the Introduced Common House Gecko,Hemidactylus frenatus(Squamata: Gekkonidae), on Amamioshima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan“. Current Herpetology 32, Nr. 1 (Februar 2013): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5358/hsj.32.50.

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Kelly, Clint D. „Sexual size and shape dimorphism and allometric scaling patterns in head traits in the New Zealand common gecko Woodworthia maculatus“. Zoology 118, Nr. 4 (August 2015): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2015.02.002.

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Preest, Marion R., und Alison Cree. „Corticosterone Treatment Has Subtle Effects on Thermoregulatory Behavior and Raises Metabolic Rate in the New Zealand Common Gecko, Hoplodactylus maculatus“. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 81, Nr. 5 (September 2008): 641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/590371.

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42

Khandakar, Naim, und Irin Sultana. „A Tale of Two Tails: Tail Bifurcation in the Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus (Duméril and Bibron 1836), in Bangladesh“. Reptiles & Amphibians 27, Nr. 2 (20.07.2020): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v27i2.14239.

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43

E. Cook, Jeremy, und Andrew J. Noden. „Somatic and Dendritic Mosaics Formed by Large Ganglion Cells in the Retina of the Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)“. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 51, Nr. 5 (1998): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000006542.

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44

Siler, Cameron D., Luke J. Welton, Jessi M. Siler, Joseph Brown, Abner Bucol, Arvin C. Diesmos und Rafe M. Brown. „Amphibians and Reptiles, Luzon Island, Aurora Province and Aurora Memorial National Park, northern Philippines: new island distribution records“. Check List 7, Nr. 2 (01.03.2011): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.2.182.

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We report 35 new amphibian and reptile distribution records for two regions within the southern Sierra Madre Mountain Range, Aurora Province, central Luzon Island, Philippines. Together with results of our previous survey work in Aurora, our new data result in a total of 82 amphibian and reptile species for the area. These results highlight the degree to which the island’s biodiversity continues to be underestimated and poorly understood. We report on observations of rarely encountered species including the skink Sphenomorphus leucospilos, the forest gecko Luperosaurus cf. cumingii, and a sensational new species of monitor lizard, Varanus bitatawa. Our recent collections clarify the conservation status of the “critically endangered” Polillo Island forest frog Platymantis polillensis, now known to be widespread, abundant, and common throughout Camarines Norte, Quezon, and Aurora Provinces on the adjacent mainland of Luzon Island. These results add to our growing understanding of many species’ distributions in the region.

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Lanzetta, Michele, Armin Gharibi, Marco Picchi Scardaoni und Claudia Vivaldi. „FEM and Analytical Modeling of the Incipient Chip Formation for the Generation of Micro-Features“. Materials 14, Nr. 14 (06.07.2021): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143789.

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This paper explores the modeling of incipient cutting by Abaqus, LS-Dyna, and Ansys Finite Element Methods (FEMs), by comparing also experimentally the results on different material classes, including common aluminum and steel alloys and an acetal polymer. The target application is the sustainable manufacturing of gecko adhesives by micromachining a durable mold for injection molding. The challenges posed by the mold shape include undercuts and sharp tips, which can be machined by a special diamond blade, which enters the material, forms a chip, and exits. An analytical model to predict the shape of the incipient chip and of the formed grove as a function of the material properties and of the cutting parameters is provided. The main scientific merit of the current work is to approach theoretically, numerically, and experimentally the very early phase of the cutting tool penetration for new sustainable machining and micro-machining processes.

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Masila, Nicodemus M., Kirstin E. Ross, Michael G. Gardner und Harriet Whiley. „Zoonotic and Public Health Implications of Campylobacter Species and Squamates (Lizards, Snakes and Amphisbaenians)“. Pathogens 9, Nr. 10 (28.09.2020): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100799.

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Campylobacter spp. is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of veterinary and public health significance. Globally, the incidence of campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade in both developing and developed countries. Squamates (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians) are a potential reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. This systematic review examined studies from the last 20 years that have reported squamate-associated human campylobacteriosis. It was found that C. fetus subsp. testudinum and C. fetus subsp. fetus were the most common species responsible for human campylobacteriosis from a squamate host. The common squamate hosts identified included bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), green iguana (Iguana iguana), western beaked gecko (Rhynchoedura ornate) and blotched blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua nigrolutea). People with underlying chronic illnesses, the immunocompromised and the elderly were identified as the most vulnerable population. Exposure to pet squamates, wild animals, consumption of reptilian cuisines and cross contamination with untreated water were risk factors associated with Campylobacter infections. Proper hand hygiene practices, responsible pet ownership, ‘One Health’ education and awareness on zoonotic diseases will help reduce the public health risks arising from Campylobacter exposure through squamates. Continued surveillance using molecular diagnostic methods will also enhance detection and response to squamate-linked campylobacteriosis.

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A. Ludwig, John, Robert W. Eager, Adam C. Liedloff, Juliana C. McCosker, David Hannah, Nicole Y. Thurgate, John C. Z. Woinarski und Carla P. Catterall. „Clearing and grazing impacts on vegetation patch structures and fauna counts in eucalypt woodland, Central Queensland“. Pacific Conservation Biology 6, Nr. 3 (2000): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000254.

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There is national and international concern that tree clearing and cattle grazing reduce habitat for native fauna. In this paper we quantify how the degree of clearing and the level of grazing change the patch structure and composition of vegetation in eucalypt woodlands, and how these habitat changes affect counts for 10 species including birds, reptiles and small mammals. These species were selected because they were abundant, hence providing the data needed for ordinations and regressions. We studied 37 sites occurring in two regions of central Queensland: Blackwater/Emerald and Alpha/Jericho. On each site, indices for the degree of tree clearing and the level of livestock grazing were assessed, the cover and size of tree groves, shrub thickets, log hummocks, termite mounds and perennial grass clumps were measured, and abundances of 10 common vertebrate species were estimated. As expected, the cover and size of tree groves declined and the cover of grass clumps increased as the degree of clearing increased. Native grass composition changed to introduced Buffel Grass as the level of grazing increased. Clearing affected fauna counts more than grazing did. The Grey Butcherbird Cracticus torquatus, Yellow-throated Miner Manorina flavigula, Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus and Pale-headed Rosella Platycercus eximius had significantly lower counts on cleared sites, but the Red-backed Fairy-wren Malurus melanocephalus had higher counts. The introduced House Mouse Mus musculus also had higher counts on cleared sites, but Carnaby's Skink Cryptoblephrus carnabyi had lower counts. Counts of the Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris, Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei and the Delicate Mouse Pseudomys delicatulus did not significantly change with clearing. Counts for the Pale-headed Rosella increased as the level of grazing increased, but counts for the other fauna species did not significantly change with our grazing index. Except for Bynoe's Gecko, fauna counts significantly changed with various vegetation patch attributes, particularly those strongly affected by clearing. From these results, we know which of the 10 fauna species are likely to decline or increase with clearing and grazing, and this knowledge can be used by land managers.

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Nicholson, Daniel J., Christopher Hassall und Julius A. Frazier. „Comparison of a native and a non-native insular reptile species“. Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, Nr. 6 (17.09.2015): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000462.

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Abstract:This study compared the life histories of Hemidactylus frenatus, a significant invasive gecko, and Phyllodactylus palmeus, a Honduran endemic, over 10 wk, June–August 2013 at 12 study sites on the Honduran island of Cayo Menor of the Cayo Cochinos archipelago where H. frenatus arrived in 2008. Three different life-history traits related to invasion success were measured: body size, fecundity and population size. During the study 140 natives and 37 non-natives were captured, weighed, measured and marked uniquely. The number of gravid females and number of eggs were also recorded. Phyllodactylus palmeus was the significantly larger of the two species (60% larger mass, 25% longer SVL) and had higher population abundance at all 12 study sites with some sites yielding no H. frenatus individuals. However, H. frenatus had a larger proportion of gravid females. Observations that the native species is more common despite being sympatric with a known aggressive invader suggest two possibilities: the island is at the start of an invasion, or that the two species co-exist in a more stable fashion.

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Brock, Larry, und Jian Sheng. „Robust Fabrication of Polymeric Nanowire with Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates“. Micromachines 11, Nr. 1 (30.12.2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010046.

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Functionalization of a surface with biomimetic nano-/micro-scale roughness (wires) has attracted significant interests in surface science and engineering as well as has inspired many real-world applications including anti-fouling and superhydrophobic surfaces. Although methods relying on lithography include soft-lithography greatly increase our abilities in structuring hard surfaces with engineered nano-/micro-topologies mimicking real-world counterparts, such as lotus leaves, rose petals, and gecko toe pads, scalable tools enabling us to pattern polymeric substrates with the same structures are largely absent in literature. Here we present a robust and simple technique combining anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templating and vacuum-assisted molding to fabricate nanowires over polymeric substrates. We have demonstrated the efficacy and robustness of the technique by successfully fabricating nanowires with large aspect ratios (>25) using several common soft materials including both cross-linking polymers and thermal plastics. Furthermore, a model is also developed to determine the length and molding time based on nanowires material properties (e.g., viscosity and interfacial tension) and operational parameters (e.g., pressure, vacuum, and AAO template dimension). Applying the technique, we have further demonstrated the confinement effects on polymeric crosslinking processes and shown substantial lengthening of the curing time.

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Parmar, Dikansh S. „Notes on eggs and hatchlings of the Oriental Garden Lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin 1802), and the Common House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus (Schlegel 1836) in Gujarat, India“. Reptiles & Amphibians 26, Nr. 3 (01.01.2020): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v26i3.14425.

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