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1
Zheng, Hong, Yue Lei Shi und Hang Hui Zhang. „Continuous PWM Modulation Strategy for NPC/H and H Bridge Hybrid Multilevel Converter“. Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.510.
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f the ratio of NPC/H and H bridge hybrid multilevel converters DC supply voltage changed, the output voltage PWM waveform will be discontinuous. Thus an improved topology and control strategy is proposed. In new method, master converter operates at the fundamental frequency based on command voltage, slave converter adopts carrier phase shifted PWM technology (CPS-SPWM) at a higher frequency to enhance the quality of output voltage waveform. The amplitude of command voltage is higher than output voltage amplitude of the master converter at any time, to ensure that output voltage variation of both converters keeps in the same direction without any current flow backwards. Matlab simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and topology.
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Huang, Si Jun. „MPEG digital storage media (DSM) control command“. Signal Processing: Image Communication 6, Nr. 6 (Februar 1995): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-5965(94)00035-h.
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3
Silva, Carolina Gomes da, Luma da Silva Miranda, Manuella Carnaval und Claudia de Souza Cunha. „command intonation in Brazilian Portuguese: a dialectal description from ALiB corpus“. Journal of Speech Sciences 5, Nr. 2 (06.02.2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v5i2.15063.
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In this paper, we described the command intonational contours in the twenty-five Brazilian capitals included in the corpus “Linguistic Atlas of Brazil” (ALiB). This work aims at: (i) describing the intonational contour of twenty-five capitals from the corpus ALiB; (ii) comparing the intonation of the directive speech acts in the five Brazilian regions and (iii) proposing a phonological representation of the variation of this contour. Our corpus is composed of fifty imperative utterances produced by male and female speakers of the analyzed capitals. We observed that there is a predominance of a rising F0 movement in the prenucleus of the command contours with the phonological notation L*+H or L+H* in the twentyfive Brazilian capitals. In the nuclear position, the pitch accent can be defined for the majority of the capitals as H+L*L%, a falling F0 movement, with the variant H*L% for the capital Belém (PA). The capital that presented a different F0 movement in the nucleus was Florianópolis (SC) that showed the predominance of a rising-falling F0 movement represented as L+H*L%.
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Gadewadikar, J., Frank Lewis, Kamesh Subbarao und Ben M. Chen. „Structured H-Infinity Command and Control-Loop Design for Unmanned Helicopters“. Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 31, Nr. 4 (Juli 2008): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.31377.
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5
HELTON, J. WILLIAM, MICHAEL L. WALKER und WEI ZHAN. „H∞ control of systems with compensators which read the command signal“. International Journal of Control 64, Nr. 1 (Mai 1996): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207179608921614.
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6
Stumpff Morrison, Andrew. „Law Is the Command of the Sovereign: H. L. A. Hart Reconsidered“. Ratio Juris 29, Nr. 3 (08.08.2016): 364–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raju.12133.
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7
Glester, Andrew. „Commanding missions, making history“. Physics World 35, Nr. 6 (01.08.2022): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/06/30.
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8
Behrens, Roy R. „Abbott H. Thayer's Anticipation of a Computer-Based Method of Working“. Leonardo 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 2001): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409401300052433.
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This article describes the practice of Abbott H. Thayer (1849-1921) of working on several copies of the same painting, taking each to a different conclusion. It compares that method to the cur-rent computer-based practice of using the SAVE AS command to create copies of a digital artwork or design, which can then also be taken to different conclusions.
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CHEN, Mou. „Design of H∞ Flight Controller for Fighter under Tactical Data-link Command“. Acta Automatica Sinica 34, Nr. 2 (02.02.2009): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1004.2008.00211.
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Guinea-Martin, Daniel, und Ricardo Mora. „Computing decomposable multigroup indices of segregation“. Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 22, Nr. 3 (September 2022): 521–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x221124471.
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Eight multigroup segregation indices are decomposable into a between and a within term. They are two versions of 1) the mutual information index, 2) the symmetric Atkinson index, 3) the relative diversity index, and 4) Theil’s H index. In this article, we present the command dseg, which obtains all of them. It contributes to the stock of segregation commands in Stata by 1) implementing the decomposition in a single call, 2) providing the weights and local indices used in the computation of the within term, 3) facilitating the deployment of the decomposability properties of the eight indices in complex scenarios that demand tailor-made solutions, and 4) leveraging sample data with bootstrapping and approximate randomization tests. We analyze 2017 census data of public schools in the United States to illustrate the use of dseg. The subject topic is school racial segregation.
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Aboulem, Salma, Abderrahim EL-Amrani und Ismail Boumhidi. „Finite frequency H∞ control for wind turbine systems in T-S form“. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, Nr. 3 (01.09.2020): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1313-1322.
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In this work, we study H<sub>∞</sub> control wind turbine fuzzy model for finite frequency(FF) interval. Less conservative results are obtained by using Finsler’s lemma technique, generalized Kalman Yakubovich Popov (gKYP), linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach and added several separate parameters, these conditions are given in terms of LMI which can be efficiently solved numerically for the problem that such fuzzy systems are admissible with H∞ disturbance attenuation level. The FF H∞ performance approach allows the state feedback command in a specific interval, the simulation example is given to validate our results.
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Stoica, Adrian Mihail, und Laura Mujdei. „A Mixed H2/H∞ Jump Markovian Design Approach for the Automatic Flight Control System of an Unmanned Airship“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 811 (November 2015): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.811.179.
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This paper presents a design methodology for the heading control system of an unmanned airship. Since the aircraft motion depends both on deterministic command signals required for tracking a desired path and on random exogenous inputs modelling the wind influence, a mixed H2/H-infinity type method have been chosen for the design of the automatic flight control. Moreover, due to the fact that the vehicle dynamics at straight and level flight is different from the model at level turning flight, a stochastic Markovian model with two states is adopted to simulate these two situations. A design methodology for a state-feedback controller with Markov jumps is presented. The theoretical developments are illustrated by numerical comparative results indicating the benefits of proposed optimal design approach.
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Yan, Xunliang, Peichen Wang, Shaokang Xu, Shumei Wang und Hao Jiang. „Adaptive Entry Guidance for Hypersonic Gliding Vehicles Using Analytic Feedback Control“. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (17.11.2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874251.
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This paper presents an adaptive, simple, and effective guidance approach for hypersonic entry vehicles with high lift-to-drag (L/D) ratios (e.g., hypersonic gliding vehicles). The core of the constrained guidance approach is a closed-form, easily obtained, and computationally efficient feedback control law that yields the analytic bank command based on the well-known quasi-equilibrium glide condition (QEGC). The magnitude of the bank angle command consists of two parts, i.e., the baseline part and the augmented part, which are calculated analytically and successively. The baseline command is derived from the analytic relation between the range-to-go and the velocity to guarantee the range requirement. Then, the bank angle is augmented with the predictive altitude-rate feedback compensations that are represented by an analytic set of flight path angle needed for the terminal constraints. The inequality path constraints in the velocity-altitude space are translated into the velocity-dependent bounds for the magnitude of the bank angle based on the QEGC. The sign of the bank command is also analytically determined using an automated bank-reversal logic based on the dynamic adjustment criteria. Finally, a feasible three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) entry flight trajectory is simultaneously generated by integrating with the real-time updated command. Because no iterations and no or few off-line parameter adjustments are required using almost all analytic processing, the algorithm provides remarkable simplicity, rapidity, and adaptability. A considerable range of entry flights using the vehicle data of the CAV-H is tested. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the presented approach.
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Nurshabrina, Qonita. „Dakwah Nabi Nuh ‘Alaihissalam: Studi Tafsir Tematik Dakwah Nabi Nuh dalam Surat Nuh“. Ulumul Qur'an: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir 1, Nr. 1 (09.01.2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.58404/uq.v1i1.9.
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This study aims to examine the concept of da'wah carried out by the Prophet Noah AS which is enshrined in the sura>h Nu> h. In this study, the authors used library research by collecting the da'wah verses contained in the sura>h Nu> h} and then analyzing them by referring to the interpretation literature and books related to the research theme. In conclusion, there are at least four messages of the Prophet Nu> h} that are contained in sura>h Nu> h }, namely the command to worship and be devout to Allah SWT, to always do istighfar for all the sins that have been committed, to meditate on creation and the blessings that Allah has given, the last is to always pray for the goodness of others, especially parents.
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Tsai, Meng-Shiun, und Jin-Shin Chen. „Robust Tracking Control of a Piezoactuator Using a New Approximate Hysteresis Model“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 125, Nr. 1 (01.03.2003): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1540114.
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A new approximate model, which consists of a variable gain and a variable time-delay, is proposed to describe the hysteresis behavior of a piezoactuator. The variable gain is assumed to be a function of the magnitude of the input command, while the time-delay is assumed to be a function of the frequency of the input command. The ranges of these two variable parameters are determined through open loop tests. According to the proposed approximate model, a Smith predictor-based robust H∞ controller is developed to achieve high-precision tracking control of a piezoactuator. Analytical simulation and experimental results on tracking several types of reference inputs demonstrate that the maximum tracking error can be reduced to be less than 2% of the traveling path by utilizing the proposed controller design.
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Minear, Richard H. „Book Review: Ryan, Yamashita’s Ghost: War Crimes, MacArthur’s Justice, and Command Accountability, by Richard H. Minear“. Pacific Historical Review 82, Nr. 4 (November 2012): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2013.82.4.636.
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Zhang, Guoguang, Junji Furusho und Akihito Sano. „Force Control of Manipulators Based on H∞ Controller (Application of Joint Torque Feedback)“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, Nr. 5 (20.10.1995): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0410.
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Force control using a hierarchical structure is discussed, which consists of upper force control and lower joint position control. The force controller calculators the joint position corrections necessary to control the force in the desired manner. These correction signals from the force controller are output to the lower controller and added to the nominal joint position command. In this paper, we apply mixed sensitivity design of H∞ control theory to a force control system. The nominal model is discussed, and the robustness against modeling error is analyzed. Owing to joint torque feedback control, the change of the controlled plant is reduced, so high gain force control can be achieved. Experimental results and eigenvalue analysis are also presented.
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Roberts, Priscilla. „Tasker H. Bliss and the Evolution of Allied Unified Command, 1918: A Note on Old Battles Revisited“. Journal of Military History 65, Nr. 3 (Juli 2001): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677530.
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Warchał, Robert Artur. „Unraveling immortality and the genesis of human soul in st. Augustine’s selected works“. Humaniora. Czasopismo Internetowe 44, Nr. 4 (19.12.2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/h.2023.4.4.
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The article intends to explore topics concerning the eternal nature and the origin of the human soul. Augustine’s ontological perspective on humanity upholds the truth of its existence. In ancient philosophy and Christian theology, the doctrine of the immortality of the soul and its origin has been an ongoing area of interest and debate. Saint Augustine, one of the most important theologians and philosophers in the history of the Catholic Church, addressed this issue in his works, considering both philosophical and theological aspects of the existence of the human soul. The author justifies his views by referring to the Holy Bible and to the vital functions of man. Also, he points to the dissimilarity between sensual and mental cognition. As part of its consideration, it relies on the Latin phrase anima rationalis which refers to the rational soul (animus). What speaks for immortality of the soul is the argument of evidence of the lack of a quantitative element, as well as the concepts of truth and life. The foregoing command gives grounds to believe that a human being remains a unique whole of physical and spiritual unity. Also, one of the the key thinks is the certainty of self-knowledge derived from the continuation of gnoseology, which proves that humans are capable of reflective, mind and abstract thinking, and the cognitive activity of the soul shows the ability to transcend the mortal body. This approach does provide a deeper understanding of the role of the soul in human life and in the context of eternity, an important topic in Christian theology and philosophy.
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Kłosowicz, Robert. „United States Africa Command – Balance of Activities during the Presidencies of George H. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump“. Politeja 19, Nr. 1(76) (10.05.2022): 255–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.76.13.
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The article aims at analyzing the development of the U.S. Africa Command during the three presidential administrations of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump. According to the author, the attitude of individual American presidents and their administration to the U.S. AFRICOM is an accurate reflection of the approach to both the problems of African states and the place of Africa in the foreign and security policy of the United States. Since the foundation of the U.S. AFRICOM by the administration of G.W. Bush to D. Trump’s desire to liquidate the command. Trump’s attitude to Africa is also illustrated by the fact that he was the first American president since Ronald Reagan who did not visit any of the 54 African states. His two predecessors paid nine such official visits to African countries in total. It seems that despite many myths and fears that accompanied the birth of AFRICOM and during its first years of existence, the worst scenarios have not come to fruition. AFRICOM has not militarized Africa, it has not caused the drastic exacerbation of the rivalry with China in the region, and it has not become the military arm of US expansionism on the continent. What is more, even many skeptics among African state leaders have noted that it has thus far played and continues to play a positive role in counteracting terrorism, therefore, it has supported the stability of African countries.
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Astri, Nanda Dwi, und Oktaviandi Bertua Pardede. „Imperative Sentences in Java Ngoko in North Sumatra“. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 2, Nr. 3 (27.09.2021): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i3.305.
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This study uses a qualitative method. Qualitative method is a method that uses descriptive methods to describe data by describing related events both in writing and verbally. The research procedure consists of three stages, namely the stage of data collection, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis. The method used in data collection is the method of observing. The technique used in data collection is a free-to-conversation listening technique by observing and recording data in the form of imperative sentences in the Ngoko Javanese language in North Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge and increase understanding of language command sentences Java Ngoko in North Sumatra. The source of the data in this research is the people in Bandar Tengah village, Bandar Khalipa h, North Sumatra as speakers of the Javanese Ngoko language. Based on the results of the study, imperative sentences in Javanese. Ngoko contain the intent to command, prohibit, invite, order repeatedly, invite, request, be angry, and ask for help.
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Batista Mota, Josué, Gilmar De Pontes Barros Bezerra, Jardeson De Araújo Arlindo, Vinícius Ferreira da Silva, Francisco Laurindo Costa Junior, Diêgo Lima Carvalho Gonçalves und Sandro César Silveira Jucá. „Construction of a low-cost mobile embedded system for computer numerical control and educational purpose“. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, Nr. 11 (30.11.2019): 1235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss11.1996.
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This article describes the construction of a low-cost, mobile, CNC (Computerized Numerical Command) mini machine, bringing as its objective the gain of experience in relation to machining knowledge, where the device executes a list of movements written in the programming language G. For the development of the project, the Arduino Nano embedded system, two CD / DVD players and two H bridges (L293D) were used. Afterward, the assembly, programming and results of the project in question are described.
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P Balakrishnan, MS Shirahatti, Girish B Deshpande und RD Barker. „Evaluation of Hydraulic Conductivity in Upper Krishna Project Command Area of Karnataka“. Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 42, Nr. 2 (30.06.2005): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2005422.1124.
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The study area consists of black soils (Vertisols) with high clay content underlain by bedded limestone located in canal seepage affected zone in Upper Krishna Project command area, Karnataka. In situ measurements on grid basis in the Operational Research Project (ORP) area (180 ha) and aerial estimates using q-h relationships of pipe drains in Phase-I area (14.9 ha) of the above project were obtained and compared. The point K-values varied from 0.004 to 0.559 mid and followed the log normal distribution. The geometric mean (OM) values of K of the ORP and the Phase-I areas were 0.077 and 0.070 mid respectively. The K-contour map was drawn and the vertical as well as radial K values were also computed. The OM areal K values for the entire strata (Ko) and the layer below the drains only (Kb ) ranged from 1.114 to 1.449 mid and from 1.145 to 1.348 mid at 90 per cent confidence limits respectively, indicating that the flow below the drain level was pre-dominant. This observation of much larger areal K-values in comparison with the point measurements as explained by higher discharge was in line with the reported literature and also found to have more practical applicability.
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Mizuno, Takeshi, und Yuji Ishino. „Development of a Hysteresis Amplifier with an H-bridge Drive for Self-Sensing Magnetic Suspension“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, Nr. 3 (20.06.2000): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0218.
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A switching amplifier with an H-bridge drive was developed for self-sensing magnetic suspension. In this amplifier, switching times are controlled by a current comparator with a small hysteresis. The amplifier implemented with such hysteresis control has asynchronous characteristics so that the switching rate depends on the load impedance. When the hysteresis amplifier is used for magnetic suspension, the gap between the suspended object and the electromagnet can be estimated from the switching frequency. Since the Hbridge reverses the polarity of the voltage applied to the coil alternatively, the switching frequency is insensitive to the value of current command to the amplifier. The F/V conversion of the switching signal was used for feedback control with the result that self-sensing suspension was achieved.
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Kanu, Joseph Edwin, und Jonathan Soldera. „Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers: A systematic review and meta-analysis“. World Journal of Gastroenterology 30, Nr. 9 (07.03.2024): 1213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v30.i9.1213.
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BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) infects over half the global population, causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia, gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulcers, G-MALT lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Eradicating H. pylori is crucial for treating and preventing these conditions. While conventional proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy is effective, there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression therapies. Potassium competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) triple and dual therapy are new regimens for H. pylori eradication. Initially used in Asian populations, vonoprazan (VPZ) has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for H. pylori eradication. AIM To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating H. pylori infection. METHODS This study, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or observational studies with the following command: [(“Helicobacter pylori ” OR “H pylori”) AND (“Treatment” OR “Therapy” OR “Eradication”) AND (“Vonaprazan” OR “Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker” OR “P-CAB” OR “PCAB” OR “Revaprazan” OR “Linaprazan” OR “Soraprazan” OR “Tegoprazan”)]. Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating H. pylori were included. Exclusion criteria included case reports, case series, unpublished trials, or conference abstracts. Data variables encompassed age, diagnosis method, sample sizes, study duration, intervention and control, and H. pylori eradication method were gathered by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed in R software, and forest plots were generated. RESULTS A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search command. Ultimately, fifteen studies (7 RCTs, 7 retrospective observational studies, and 1 comparative unique study) were included, comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple therapy. The intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients, with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention group and 3578 in the PPI control group across these studies. The analysis revealed a significant difference in H. pylori eradication between VPZ triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies [risk ratio (RR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.22, P < 0.0001] and (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.09-1.17, P < 0.0001], respectively. However, no significant difference was found between tegoprazan (TPZ) triple therapy and PPI triple therapy in both RCTs and observational studies (RR = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.93-1.16, P = 0.5) and (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.97-1.10, P = 0.3), respectively. CONCLUSION VPZ-based triple therapy outperformed conventional PPI-based triple therapy in eradicating H. pylori , positioning it as a highly effective first-line regimen. Additionally, TPZ-based triple therapy was non-inferior to classical PPI triple therapy.
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Kondo, Hisayoshi, Yuichi Koido, Yuzuru Kawashima, Yoshitaka Kohayagawa, Miho Misaki, Ayako Takahashi, Yuji Kondo, Kayako Chishima und Yoshiki Toyokuni. „Consideration of Medical and Public Health Coordination - Experience from the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan Earthquake“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, Nr. 02 (April 2019): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000177.
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Objective:The aim of this study was to identify disaster medical operation improvements from the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake (Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan) and to extract further lessons learned to prepare for future expected major earthquakes.Methods:The records of communications logs, chronological transitions of chain of command, and team registration logs for the Disaster Medical Assistant Team (DMAT), as well as other disaster medical relief teams, were evaluated.Results:A total of 466 DMAT teams and 2,071 DMAT team members were deployed to the Kumamoto area, and 1,894 disaster medical relief teams and 8,471 disaster medical relief team member deployments followed. The DMAT established a medical coordination command post at several key disaster hospitals to designate medical coverage areas. The DMAT evacuated over 1,400 patients from damaged hospitals, transported medical supplies to affected hospitals, and coordinated 14 doctor helicopters used for severe patient transport. To keep constant medical and public health operations, DMAT provided medical coordination management until the local medical coordination was on-track. Several logistic teams, which are highly trained on operation and management of medical coordination command, were dispatched to assist management operation. The DMAT also helped to establish Disaster Coordination and Management Council at the prefectural- and municipal-level, and also coordinated command control for public health operations. The DMAT could provide not only medical assistance at the acute phase of the disaster, but also could provide medical coordination for public health and welfare.Conclusion:During the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, needs of public health and welfare increased enormously due to the sudden evacuation of a large number of residents. To provide constant medical assistance at the disaster area, DMAT, logistic teams, and other disaster medical relief teams must operate constant coordination at the medical headquarter command. For future expected major earthquakes in Japan, it will be required to educate and secure high enough numbers of disaster medical assistance and health care personnel to provide continuous medical and public health care for the affected area residents.Kondo H, Koido Y, Kawashima Y, Kohayagawa Y, Misaki M, Takahashi A, Kondo Y, Chishima K, Toyokuni Y. Consideration of medical and public health coordination – experience from the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan Earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):149–154
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KORZHENYAK, ANASTASIA, und ANTON MIKHAILOV. „WILLIAM JETHRO BROWN'S CRITIQUE OF JOHN AUSTIN'S LEGAL THEORY AS A STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL POSITIVISM“. Gaps in Russian Legislation 14, Nr. 6 (20.11.2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2021-14-6-060-065.
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The purpose of the research. This article analyses the main points of the legal teaching of the Australian jurist William Jethro Brown (1868-1930), which the authors of this study regard as forming one of the significant stages in the evolution of Anglo-American legal positivism. Along with his contemporaries, a New Zealand lawyer John William Salmond (1862-1924) and British jurists Thomas Erskine Holland (1835-1926) and John Mason Lightwood (1852-1947), Brown was among the first critics of the «command theory of law» of the founder of the analytical school of jurisprudence John Austin (1790-1859). The authors of this article prove that the ideas, including those of W. Brown, play the role of a link between the founders of the analytical school of law (J. Bentham, J. Austin), the teachings of William Markby, Sheldon Amos, and subsequent generations of English legal scholars of both positivist and neo-positivist direction. Many provisions of Brown's legal doctrine became the basis for criticism of Austin's command concept and legal understanding in the teachings of H. L. A. Hart, the central figure of English neopositivism of the 20th century. As a result of the research the authors conclude that there are comparative similarities between W. J. Brown's conception of «rules of external action», J. W. Salmond's idea of «ultimate legal principles» and H. L. A. Hart's legal doctrine on the «rule of recognition».
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Unbehauen, H., und I. Vakilzadeh. „Centralized Control of n Identical Plants“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 115, Nr. 3 (01.09.1993): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899106.
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In an elegant and yet easily comprehensible and applicable way, it is shown how the outputs of n identical plants G(s)=K/sp∏l=1μ(s+al) with different output initial conditions can be made to perfectly track a reference, or command, input r(t) through the commissioning of only one central controller H(s). Two simulations support the theoretical results. The proposed technique has wide applications in industrial plants and research centers: it drastically reduces the effort and cost of controllers dictated by the orthodox one-plant/one-controller philosophy.
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Takhnaeva, Patimat I. „AKHULGO: ON THE ISSUE OF THE FAILED “PEACE NEGOTIATIONS” ACCORDING TO LOCAL CHRONICLES AND OFFICIAL RUSSIAN SOURCES (JUNE-AUGUST OF 1839)“. History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, Nr. 1 (30.04.2020): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch16185-103.
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The Battle for Akhulgo was one the largest military operations of the Caucasian War, carried out in Dagestan by the Chechen detachment of the Caucasian army under the command of Lieutenant General P.H. Grabbe from June, 12 to August, 29, 1839. It is known that the parties made numerous attempts to end this bloody confrontation by negotiations: according to Russian sources – the negotiations on surrender, according to local ones – on peace agreement.The paper presents the points of view of the both parties, dynamics and subject of the negotiating process, its connection to different stages of the siege. The author introduces a new source, an official document, a detailed chronicle of the siege of Akhulgo – military journals of the detachment from June 12 to August 30, 1839, which was filled daily by the commander of the expeditionary detachment Lieutenant General P.H. Grabbe. The negotiations, which were carried out in the second half of August, according to local and Russian sources, ended ambiguously – with the release of the imam’s son as a hostage (“amanate”) and the siege of Akhulgo. The parties accused each other of violating their obligations or failure to fulfill them.According to official Russian sources, the solution of the tasks of “suppressing Dagestan” in 1839, set by Emperor Nicholas I before the Caucasian command, implied “the destruction of the fortified home of Shamil on the Akhulgo Rock” and “the elimination of Shamil”. The ultimate goal of solving these problems excluded the conclusion of peace agreements with the mountaineers. Nevertheless, according to local sources (Muhammad-Tahir al-Karakhi, Abdurahman al-Gazigumuki, Haji Ali, H. Genichutlinsky) the "failed peace talks" were remembered as a story of "deception and break of the Russian promises".
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Li, Wei, Shu Ying Sun, Jiang Yi Liu und Bin Qian Cao. „Design of the Tracked Vehicle Based on the STM32“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (Mai 2014): 1323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1323.
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As the crawler vehicle with the excellent off-road performance, the battlefield survival ability, etc , are widely used in modern weapons systems In order to make teaching model close to the real equipment , designed a tracked vehicle of anti-aircraft gun based on the STM32F103 microcontroller, combined with the H-bridge motor circuit ,photoelectric encoder angle measurement and control principle of single lever operation, experimental results show that the tracked vehicle can complete forward, backward , turning and braking actions in accordance with the control command , with fast dynamic response , high control precision , to meet the design requirements.
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Yasmin, Rubina, Kanijun Nahar Quadir und SM Shafiqul Alam. „Monitored Anaesthesia Care in An One Hundred Years Old Man in NIO&H“. Journal of the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 27, Nr. 1 (30.07.2016): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v27i1.29000.
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A hundred years old man was admitted in NIO&H with the diagnosis of cataract in right eye.He was scheduled for operation under local anaesthesia, but on the O.T. table he became restless, non cooperative. So, the surgical team planned to do the operation under general anaesthesia. Necessary investigations for GA done and the patient was found nondiabetic but had anterolateral ischaemia and had cardiomegaly in X-ray chest. Our anaesthetic plan was to do the surgery under sedation with local anaesthetic block (MAC). We provided the patient monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) by giving Inj. Fentanyl, Inj.Midazolam and Inj. Propofol. The operation took twenty five minutes. Initially after the administration of drugs,his SPO2 fell down.Oxygen given and SPO2 increased to 99% within 90 seconds. Throughout the peroperative period patient remained haemodynamically stable. Within 10 minutes,he opened his eyes,responded to vocal command and after one hour, he was shifted from postoperative ward to general ward.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 36-38
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Khuluqi, Hasanal. „PENAFSIRAN ULI AL-AMR PADA KITAB MARAH LABID KARYA NAWAWI AL-BANTANI“. QOF 4, Nr. 2 (15.12.2020): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/qof.v4i2.2248.
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Imam Nawawi al-Bantani is one of the Indonesian scholars who was influential in the spread of Islam in the early 19th century. One of his thoughts on the interpretation of the concept of uli al-amr is contained in Mara>h Labi>d, according to Nawawi al-Bantani, it is forbidden to obey a leader who is wrong and not legally elected (a colonizer). The interpretation of Nawawi al-Bantani at one time certainly contradicts the interpretation of Islamic scholars in general, which requires further reading on all matters affecting its interpretation products. U>li al-amr is all scholars from among the ahlu al-h}alli wa al-'aqdi, true leaders and a just ruler. As long as the rules and orders do not conflict with the Qur'an, sunnah, ijma ’, and qiyas, obeying the uli al-amr command is a must.
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Norton, K. H., K. M. Gallagher, S. A. Smith, R. G. Querry, R. M. Welch-O’Connor und P. B. Raven. „Carotid baroreflex function during prolonged exercise“. Journal of Applied Physiology 87, Nr. 1 (01.07.1999): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.1.339.
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The present investigation was designed to uncouple the hemodynamic physiological effects of thermoregulation from the effects of a progressively increasing central command activation during prolonged exercise. Subjects performed two 1-h bouts of leg cycling exercise with 1) no intervention and 2) continuous infusion of a dextran solution to maintain central venous pressure constant at the 10-min pressure. Volume infusion resulted in a significant reduction in the decrement in mean arterial pressure seen in the control exercise bout (6.7 ± 1.8 vs. 11.6± 1.3 mmHg, respectively). However, indexes of central command such as heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion rose to a similar extent during both exercise conditions. In addition, the carotid-cardiac baroreflex stimulus-response relationship, as measured by using the neck pressure-neck suction technique, was reset from rest to 10 min of exercise and was further reset from 10 to 50 min of exercise in both exercise conditions, with the operating point being shifted toward the reflex threshold. We conclude that the progressive resetting of the carotid baroreflex and the shift of the reflex operating point render the carotid-cardiac reflex ineffectual in counteracting the continued decrement in mean arterial pressure that occurs during the prolonged exercise.
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Cerri, Gabriella, Paola Borroni und Fausto Baldissera. „Cyclic H-Reflex Modulation in Resting Forearm Related to Contractions of Foot Movers, Not to Foot Movement“. Journal of Neurophysiology 90, Nr. 1 (Juli 2003): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00030.2003.
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During rhythmic voluntary oscillations of the foot, the excitability of the H-reflex in the Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) muscle of the resting prone forearm increases during the foot plantar-flexion and decreases during dorsiflexion. It is known that, when the two extremities are moved together, isodirectional (in-phase) coupling is the preferred form of movement association. Thus the above pattern of the H-reflex excitability modulation may favor the preferred coupling between the two limbs. To gain some clues about its origin, FCR H-reflex excitability was tested before and after modifying the phase relations between the activation [electromyogram (EMG)] of foot movers and foot movement, either by loading of the foot or by changing the movement frequency. After foot loading, the movement cycle was consistently delayed with respect to the onset of the EMG in Soleus (Sol) or Tibialis Anterior (TA) muscles. Simultaneously, the FCR H-reflex modulation advanced by that same amount with respect to the foot movement, thus remaining phase-locked to the EMG onsets. Similarly, when movement frequency was varied step-wise between 1.0 and 2.0 Hz, the foot movement was progressively delayed with respect to both the EMG onset (Sol and TA) and the FCR H-reflex modulation, so that the phase relation between the motor command to the foot and the H-modulation in the forearm remained constant. These results suggest that modulation of H-reflex in the forearm is tied to leg muscle contraction, rather than to foot kinematics, and point to a central, rather than kinesthetic, origin for the modulation.
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Silawatchananai, Chaiyaporn, und Manukid Parnichkun. „Haptics control of an arm exoskeleton for virtual reality using PSO-based fixed structure H∞ control“. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, Nr. 3 (01.05.2019): 172988141984919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419849198.
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This article proposes a robust haptics control algorithm for an arm exoskeleton in virtual reality application that guarantees the robustness of the force displaying performance. The developed arm exoskeleton allows the user to sense the profile of virtual objects through joints at wrist, elbow, and shoulder. Forces exerted by the user are directly measured by load cells attached to the links, which are used to determine the corresponding velocity command based on virtual impedance. Due to the imperfection of modeling and the measurement noises from load cells and encoder quantization, the force displaying performance of the device tends to degrade with increasing oscillation, causing permanent damages to the device and user. To solve this problem, a Particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based fixed structure H∞ controller is proposed to control the developed arm exoskeleton. The control performance of the proposed controller is evaluated by both simulation and experiment. The results show that the proposed controller can achieve better tracking performance in comparison with proportional–integral–derivative controller in terms of less oscillation and fast response.
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D. Wisman, Jon. „9/11, foreign threats, political legitimacy, and democratic institutions“. Humanomics 30, Nr. 1 (04.02.2014): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-12-2013-0078.
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Purpose – The manipulation of fears generated by 9/11 resulted in restrictions of civil liberties. Although this danger to freedom has been descriptively addressed, its deeper causes and dynamics have not received extensive treatment. This article reassesses the political reaction to 9/11 in terms of economic theory and evolutionary biology. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The explanatory framework is drawn from findings in the economics of war and the biological evolution of war-like behavior in the human species. Findings – The fact that war and its threat were ever-present in human evolution resulted in two social propensities that render society vulnerable to political manipulation. External threats dramatically heighten social cohesion as well as loyalty to leaders. In pre-state societies, all members could clearly witness and judge the nature of an external threat, and because leaders led responses, they were vulnerable to injury or death. In modern highly complex societies, by contrast, the nature of threats is less transparent, and leaders can command far from immediate danger. Consequently, in modern times, leaders can be tempted to generate, especially in times of economic dysfunction, fear of an external threat to rally support and detract attention from otherwise inadequate leadership. Originality/value – This article presents a deeper analysis, grounded in economics and evolutionary biology, of the manner in which political leaders can exaggerate the dangers of foreign threats to enhance their power at the cost of civil liberties.
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Bocharov, Alexey, und Ivan Aladyshkin. „Activities of the naval department of the Russian Empire in teaching literacy and arithmetic to sailors of the navy in the 1850s–1870s“. OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, Nr. 02 (01.02.2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202102statyi24.
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The article examines the activities of the Russian naval department in teaching literacy and arithmetic to sailors of the navy in the 50s — 70s of the XIX century. The measures of the naval command for training sailors are considered. The role of the officers who showed enthusiasm in the training of sailors was noted. Shown are statistical data on the number of literate and arithmetic sailors in the study period. The question is raised about the degree of literacy and reading circle of sailors. It is noted that teaching sailors to read and write and arithmetic improved the quality of the fleet personnel. The connection between the activities of the naval department in training sailors and the influence of the reforms of the 1860s — 70s is shown.
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Deckers, Jana, Sophie Hendrix, Els Prinsen, Jaco Vangronsveld und Ann Cuypers. „Identifying the Pressure Points of Acute Cadmium Stress Prior to Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, Nr. 17 (28.08.2020): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176232.
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The toxic metal cadmium (Cd) is a major soil pollutant. Knowledge on the acute Cd-induced stress response is required to better understand the triggers and sequence of events that precede plant acclimation. Therefore, we aimed to identify the pressure points of Cd stress using a short-term exposure set-up ranging from 0 h to 24 h. Acute responses related to glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), ethylene and the oxidative challenge were studied at metabolite and/or transcript level in roots and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana either exposed or not to 5 µM Cd. Cadmium rapidly induced root GSH depletion, which might serve as an alert response and modulator of H2O2 signalling. Concomitantly, a stimulation of root ACC levels was observed. Leaf responses were delayed and did not involve GSH depletion. After 24 h, a defined oxidative challenge became apparent, which was most pronounced in the leaves and concerted with a strong induction of leaf ACC synthesis. We suggest that root GSH depletion is required for a proper alert response rather than being a merely adverse effect. Furthermore, we propose that roots serve as command centre via a.o. root-derived ACC/ethylene to engage the leaves in a proper stress response.
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Sigalo, Marvin Barivure, Ajit C. Pillai, Saptarshi Das und Mohammad Abusara. „An Energy Management System for the Control of Battery Storage in a Grid-Connected Microgrid Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming“. Energies 14, Nr. 19 (29.09.2021): 6212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196212.
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This paper proposes an energy management system (EMS) for battery storage systems in grid-connected microgrids. The battery charging/discharging power is determined such that the overall energy consumption cost is minimized, considering the variation in grid tariff, renewable power generation and load demand. The system is modeled as an economic load dispatch optimization problem over a 24 h horizon and solved using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). This formulation, therefore, requires knowledge of the expected renewable energy power production and load demand over the next 24 h. To achieve this, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed. The receding horizon (RH) strategy is suggested to reduce the impact of prediction error and enable real-time implementation of the EMS that benefits from using actual generation and demand data on the day. At each hour, the LSTM predicts generation and load data for the next 24 h, the dispatch problem is then solved and the battery charging or discharging command for only the first hour is applied in real-time. Real data are then used to update the LSTM input, and the process is repeated. Simulation results show that the proposed real-time strategy outperforms the offline optimization strategy, reducing the operating cost by 3.3%.
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Zaki Diab, Ahmed A., Abou-Hashema M. El-Sayed, Hossam Hefnawy Abbas und Montaser Abd El Sattar. „Robust Speed Controller Design Using H_infinity Theory for High-Performance Sensorless Induction Motor Drives“. Energies 12, Nr. 5 (12.03.2019): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050961.
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In this paper, a robust speed control scheme for high dynamic performance sensorless induction motor drives based on the H_infinity (H) theory has been presented and analyzed. The proposed controller is robust against system parameter variations and achieves good dynamic performance. In addition, it rejects disturbances well and can minimize system noise. The H controller design has a standard form that emphasizes the selection of the weighting functions that achieve the robustness and performance goals of motor drives in a wide range of operating conditions. Moreover, for eliminating the speed encoder—which increases the cost and decreases the overall system reliability—a motor speed estimation using a Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) is included. The estimated speed of the motor is used as a control signal in a sensor-free field-oriented control mechanism for induction motor drives. To explore the effectiveness of the suggested robust control scheme, the performance of the control scheme with the proposed controllers at different operating conditions such as a sudden change of the speed command/load torque disturbance is compared with that when using a classical controller. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the presented control scheme with the H controller and MRAS speed estimator has a reasonable estimated motor speed accuracy and a good dynamic performance.
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Shaik, Shakeera, Bala Naga Jyothi Vandavasi, Vedachalam Narayanaswamy und Hrishikesh Venkataraman. „Development and Validation of Embedded System Architecture for Shallow-Water Based H-AUV“. Marine Technology Society Journal 57, Nr. 1 (27.02.2023): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.57.1.17.
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Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have gained enormous popularity over the years and are employed extensively in various industries, including bio-research, subsea industries, and military applications. Most of the available commercial AUVs are very expensive and complex. This makes it unsuitable to be used for civilian applications. On the other hand, recent technological advancements have made it possible to have highly capable sensors at acceptable prices as an alternative to expensive commercial vehicles. In this paper, an embedded system-based multi-sensor hardware architecture for an H-configured AUV, called H-AUV, is designed and developed with low-cost, power-efficient, real-time controllers with a small footprint for data acquisition and sensors. These parameters play an important role for designing and developing energy-efficient autonomous vehicles. Significantly, auto navigation is a very important mechanism for AUVs, which includes auto heading control and depth keeping control techniques developed, deployed, and tested in the H-AUV. Additionally, the denoise filters such as moving average, exponential, and dynamic linear Kalman filter (KF) have been exercised and validated for heading and depth control of an H-AUV. It was found that the dynamic KF is very efficient and performs with 88% accuracy in the heading and depth control mechanisms. The KF is also found to perform with 98% accuracy for surface navigation of the H-AUV. Finally, an indigenous graphical user interface has been developed for data telemetry, command, and logging in autonomous and manual modes through wired and wireless communication. The proposed development and validation of an efficient and low-cost H-AUV shall support academic researchers for subsea applications.
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Szász, Róbert. „A Sivatagi Vihar tapasztalatai 30 év távlatában“. Honvédségi Szemle 149, Nr. 5 (06.09.2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35926/hsz.2021.5.11.
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Mintegy 30 évvel ezelőtt, Kuvait 1990-es iraki megszállásának idején – dacára a második világháború óta megvívott csaták tapasztalatai alapján kiadott irányelveknek – az amerikai fegyveres erők különböző szintű vezetői és szakértői még mindig azon vitáztak, hogy mi is a légierő szerepe egy összhaderőnemi műveletben. A „szárazföld” berkeiben népszerű elmélet alapján – amit szerintük az 1980-as években kiadott AirLand Battle doktrína is alátámasztott – a légierő kizárólagosan a szárazföldi erők támogatására hivatott. A problémát mélyítette, hogy a légierő egyes vezetői – köztük a Harcászati Légi Parancsnokság (Tactical Air Command, ma Air Combat Command) akkori parancsnoka, Robert D. Russ tábornok – szintén támogatták ezt a nézetet. A légierő doktrínákkal foglalkozó szakértői szerint azonban az AirLand Battle doktrína csak a szárazföldi repülőerőkre (Army Aviation) vonatkozik, és nem a légierőre. A másik oldal egyik jeles képviselője John A. Warden III ezredes – a Pentagon akkori egyik hírhedt/híres elemzője – volt, aki szerint a légierő a többi haderőnem támogatásával akár fő szerepet is játszhat egy összhaderőnemi műveletben. Az elméleticsatározások természetesen nem sok hatással lehettek volna a kuvaiti válságra, ha az annak megoldásával megbízott Központi Parancsnokság (CENTCOM2) parancsnoka, H. Norman Schwarzkopf tábornok mint főparancsnok (JFC3) és Charles A. Horner tábornok, a CENTCOM légierő komponensének parancsnoka (JFACC4) nem jutnak arra a következtetésre, hogy ezt a háborút csak a légierő újszerű alkalmazásával tudják hatékonyan megvívni. A tanulmány szerzője a több mint három évtizeddel ezelőtti események felidézésén és elemzésén túlmenően igyekszik levonni azok máig ható tanulságait is.
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Al Qodri Maarif, Haris, Teddy Surya Gunawan und Afzeri. „Low Bit Rate Video Coding for Remote Desktop Operation of CNC Milling“. Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (Juni 2011): 1631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1631.
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Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is the extension of the H.264/AVC standard. The SVC has good capability in video transmission systems because of its scalability which can adapt in different network conditions, especially in low bit rate transmission. The objective of this paper is to develop the low bit rate video coding for assisting the remote operation of Command and Control (CNC) milling process through virtual simulation and remote desktop interface. The algorithm for low bit rate video coding will be in the downsampling of high resolution layer before the encoding process and upsampling the high layer data in the decoder. Based on simulation results, the proposed scheme shows good performance in maintaining the video quality at 128 kbps while providing high time savings for the encoding process.
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Prasad, Jagat Narayan, S. N. Singh, K. Pokhrel und S. Khatiwada. „Effect of Oral Clonidine Premedication on Propofol Consumption for Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy“. Health Renaissance 12, Nr. 3 (25.07.2016): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v12i3.15322.
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Background: Various goals of premedication includes anxiolysis, sedation, amnesia, analgesia, attenuation of autonomic reflexes, and reduction of anaesthetic dose requirement. Preanaesthetic oral clonidine has been shown to produce anxiolysis, sedation and attenuation of hemodynamic stress response to tracheal intubation.Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of oral clonidine on propofol consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study conducted in ninety consecutive patients randomly divided into three equal groups (placebo, tab. clonidine 150 mcg and tab. clonidine 300 mcg) meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study drug was given 60 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous pethidine 1mg/kg followed by propofol . The dose of propofol for loss of verbal command was recorded. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol at the rate of 10 mg/kg/h for 10 minutes then to 8 mg/kg/h for 10 minutes and ultimately decreased to 6 mg/kg/h after tracheal intubation. The rate of propofol infusion was adjusted by 2mg/kg/h to obtain adequate depth of anaesthesia (maintaining hemodynamic parameters within 20% of baseline).Results: The propofol induction dose was less in clonidine 150 mcg (1.2±0.2 mg/kg) and clonidine 300 mcg (1.08±0.24 mg/ kg) groups as compared to placebo group ( 1.4±0.3 mg/kg) (p=˂0.001). The rate of propofol infusion in mg/kg/h and in mcg/kg/h was lower in clonidine 150 mcg (6.7±1.6 and 121.3±11.37) and clonidine 300 mcg (7±1.4 and 120.0±9.8) groups as compared to placebo (10±3.2 and 148.0±32.53) group (p =˂ 0.001).Conclusion: oral clonidine premedication reduces propofol requirement for induction and maintenance of anaesthesiain patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 204-208
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Eldabe, Nabil, Raafat Rizkalla, Mohamed Abou-Zeid und Vivian Ayad. „Effect of induced magnetic field on non-Newtonian nanofluid Al2O3 motion through boundary layer with gyrotactic microorganisms“. Thermal Science, Nr. 00 (2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200408189e.
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The effect of the induced magnetic field on the motion of Eyring-Powell nanofluid Al2O3, containing gyrotactic microorganisms through the boundary layer is investigated. The viscoelastic dissipation is taken into consideration. The system is stressed by an external magnetic field. The continuity, momentum, induced magnetic field, temperature, concentration and microorganisms equations that describe our problem are written in the form of two-dimensional nonlinear differential equations. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations is transformed into ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations with suitable boundary conditions and solved numerically by applying the ND Solve command in the Mathematica program. The obtained numerical results for velocity, induced magnetic field, temperature, the nanoparticles concentration and microorganisms are discussed and presented graphically through some figures. The physical parameters of the problem play an important rule in the control of the obtained solutions. Moreover, it is obvious that as Grashof number Gr increases, both the velocity f' and the induced magnetic field h' increase, while, the reciprocal magnetic Prandtl number A works on decreasing both f' and h'. As Eckert number Ec increases the temperature increases, while it decreases as the velocity ratio B increases.
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Bornmann, Lutz, Christian Ganser, Alexander Tekles und Loet Leydesdorff. „Does the hα-index reinforce the Matthew effect in science? The introduction of agent-based simulations into scientometrics“. Quantitative Science Studies 1, Nr. 1 (Februar 2020): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00008.
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Recently, Hirsch (2019a) proposed a new variant of the h-index called the hα-index. The hα-index was criticized by Leydesdorff, Bornmann, and Opthof (2019) . One of their most important points is that the index reinforces the Matthew effect in science. The Matthew effect was defined by Merton (1968) as follows: “the Matthew effect consists in the accruing of greater increments of recognition for particular scientific contributions to scientists of considerable repute and the withholding of such recognition from scientists who have not yet made their mark” (p. 58). We follow up on the point about the Matthew effect in the current study by using a recently developed Stata command (h_index) and R package (hindex), which can be used to simulate h-index and hα-index applications in research evaluation. The user can investigate under which conditions hα reinforces the Matthew effect. The results of our study confirm what Leydesdorff et al. (2019) expected: The hα-index reinforces the Matthew effect. This effect can be intensified if strategic behavior of the publishing scientists and cumulative advantage effects are additionally considered in the simulation.
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Wirak, Gregory S., Christopher V. Gabel und Christopher W. Connor. „Isoflurane Exposure in Juvenile Caenorhabditis elegans Causes Persistent Changes in Neuron Dynamics“. Anesthesiology 133, Nr. 3 (21.05.2020): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003335.
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Background Animal studies demonstrate that anesthetic exposure during neurodevelopment can lead to persistent behavioral impairment. The changes in neuronal function underlying these effects are incompletely understood. Caenorhabditis elegans is well suited for functional imaging of postanesthetic effects on neuronal activity. This study aimed to examine such effects within the neurocircuitry underlying C. elegans locomotion. Methods C. elegans were exposed to 8% isoflurane for 3 h during the neurodevelopmentally critical L1 larval stage. Locomotion was assessed during early and late adulthood. Spontaneous activity was measured within the locomotion command interneuron circuitry using confocal and light-sheet microscopy of the calcium-sensitive fluorophore GCaMP6s. Results C. elegans exposed to isoflurane demonstrated attenuation in spontaneous reversal behavior, persisting throughout the animal’s lifespan (reversals/min: untreated early adulthood, 1.14 ± 0.42, vs. isoflurane-exposed early adulthood, 0.83 ± 0.55; untreated late adulthood, 1.75 ± 0.64, vs. isoflurane-exposed late adulthood, 1.14 ± 0.68; P = 0.001 and 0.006, respectively; n > 50 animal tracks/condition). Likewise, isoflurane exposure altered activity dynamics in the command interneuron AVA, which mediates crawling reversals. The rate at which AVA transitions between activity states was found to be increased. These anesthetic-induced effects were more pronounced with age (off-to-on activity state transition time (s): untreated early adulthood, 2.5 ± 1.2, vs. isoflurane-exposed early adulthood, 1.9 ± 1.3; untreated late adulthood, 4.6 ± 3.0, vs. isoflurane-exposed late adulthood, 3.0 ± 2.4; P = 0.028 and 0.008, respectively; n > 35 traces acquired from more than 15 animals/condition). Comparable effects were observed throughout the command interneuron circuitry, indicating that isoflurane exposure alters transition rates between behavioral crawling states of the system overall. These effects were modulated by loss-of-function mutations within the FoxO transcription factor daf-16 and by rapamycin-mediated mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition. Conclusions Altered locomotive behavior and activity dynamics indicate a persistent effect on interneuron dynamics and circuit function in C. elegansafter developmental exposure to isoflurane. These effects are modulated by a loss of daf-16 or mTOR activity, consistent with a pathologic activation of stress-response pathways. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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Wisniewski, Stephanie. „The Softer Side of Leadership“. Neonatal Network 20, Nr. 2 (März 2001): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.20.2.57.
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MARGARET HOULIHAN, HEAD NURSE on the TV sitcom M*A*S*H*, is a perfect example of how nurse leaders used to be. Margaret is a dictator. When she faces a problem, she faces it alone, never involving her staff in finding a solution. Instead, Margaret sits up nights internalizing the problem, and later, she rudely barks her orders at the nursing staff. Margaret’s communications are unilateral; she gives orders and the staff listens. The staff nurses do not feel worthy enough to make suggestions or offer help because it is not Margaret’s style to listen. Kerfoot calls this type of leadership “command and control.”1 We can all probably name at least one controlling manager we have known. Many nurses today still prefer this structured style of leadership because accountability rests completely with the manager.
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Ding, Yigao, Zhenwei Li, Chengzhi Liu, Zhe Kang, Mingguo Sun, Jiannan Sun und Long Chen. „Ballistic Coefficient Calculation Based on Optical Angle Measurements of Space Debris“. Sensors 23, Nr. 18 (05.09.2023): 7668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187668.
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Atmospheric drag is an important factor affecting orbit determination and prediction of low-orbit space debris. To obtain accurate ballistic coefficients of space debris, we propose a calculation method based on measured optical angles. Angle measurements of space debris with a perigee height below 1400 km acquired from a photoelectric array were used for orbit determination. Perturbation equations of atmospheric drag were used to calculate the semi-major-axis variation. The ballistic coefficients of space debris were estimated and compared with those published by the North American Aerospace Defense Command in terms of orbit prediction error. The 48 h orbit prediction error of the ballistic coefficients obtained from the proposed method is reduced by 18.65% compared with the published error. Hence, our method seems suitable for calculating space debris ballistic coefficients and supporting related practical applications.
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Schreiner, James. „Foreword by Guest Editor LTC James H. Schreiner, PhD, PMP, CPEM“. Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 8, Nr. 1 (06.03.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2020v8i1.pp1.
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FOREWORD
This special issue of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Review highlights top papers from the 2020 annual General Donald R. Keith memorial capstone conference held at the United States Military Academy in West Point, NY. The conference was certainly a first of its kind virtual conference including asynchronous delivery of paper presentations followed by synchronous question and answer sessions with evaluation panels. Following a careful review of 63 total submissions, eleven were selected for publication in this journal. Unique to this year’s special edition is the mixed selection of seven project team capstone papers, and four honors research papers. Each paper incorporated features of systems or industrial engineering and presented detailed and reflective analysis on the topic. Although there are many elements which cut across the works, three general bodies of knowledge emerged in the papers including: systems engineering and decision analysis, systems design, modeling and simulation, and system dynamics.
Systems Engineering and Decision Analysis topics included three unique contributions. Recognized as ‘best paper’ at the 2020 virtual conference, the work of Robinson et al. designed a multi-year predictive cost engineering model enabled through an MS O365 Power BI decision support interface to support U.S. Army Corps of Engineer (USACE) inland waterway national investment strategies. Schloo and Mittal’s work presents research in testing and evaluation of the Engagement Skills Trainer (EST) 2000 towards improving real-world soldier performance. Gerlica et al. employs a robust and scalable K-means clustering methodology to improve decision making in defensive shift schemes for Air Force Baseball outfield personnel.
Systems Design works included three unique contributions. Binney et al. worked to design evaluation criteria for military occupational specialties associated with open-source intelligence (OSINT) analysts for the Army’s OSINT Office. Hales et al. interdisciplinary work aided in the design of search and identification systems to be incorporated on autonomous robotics to enable survivability improvements for the Army’s chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) units. Burke and Connell evaluated and designed a performance measurement-based assessment methodology for U.S. Pacific Command’s Key Leader Engagement process.
System modeling and simulation included three unique contributions: Arderi et al. simulated and assessed how the Hyper-Enabled Operator (HEO) project improves situational awareness for U.S. Special Forces using the Infantry Warrior Simulation (IWARS). Blanks et al. employed a VBA module and Xpress software for a scheduling optimization model for enhancement of final exam scheduling at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Kelley and Mittal utilized a Batch Run Analysis and Simulation Studio (BRASS) program to batch multiple iterations of IWARS scenarios to study the integration of autonomous systems alongside military units.
Finally, two unique contributions utilizing system dynamics (SD) modeling is presented: Dixon and Krueger developed a Vensim SD model to examine how policy recommendations across Central America could restrict gang activities while positively promoting women’s involvement in society. Cromer et al. utilized systems design approaches and a K-means clustering machine learning techniques to develop SD models in support of the U.S. Africa Command and Defense Threat Reduction Agency to examine the interdependence of threats across the Horn of Africa.
Thank you and congratulations to the 2020 undergraduate scholars and all authors who provided meaningful contributions through steadfast intellectual efforts in their fields of study! Well done!
LTC James H. Schreiner, PhD, PMP, CPEM
Program Director, Systems and Decision Sciences (SDS)
Department of Systems Engineering
United States Military Academy
Mahan Hall, Bldg 752, Room 423
West Point, NY 10996, USA
james.schreiner@westpoint.edu