Thematische Bibliographien / Combustion air heater

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Combustion air heater“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 9. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Combustion air heater"

Enescu, Maria Cristiana, C. Marius Vlădulescu, Aurel Gaba, Vasile Bratu, Elena Valentina Stoian und Ivona Camelia Petre. „Cold End Corrosion Avoiding by Using a New Type of Air Combustion Pre-Heater“. Materials Science Forum 907 (September 2017): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.907.157.

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This paper analyzes the possibility of reducing the cold end corrosion in boilers and furnaces by using a new type of air combustion pre-heater. Cold end corrosion appears due to catalytic oxidation of the sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and then due to the sulfuric acid condensation at dew point. Calculating dew points of various acid gases and options for reducing cold end corrosion of heat recovery exchangers are presented. For avoiding the cold end corrosion we design a new type of air combustion pre-heater for boilers and furnaces. Also, the tube skin temperature of the first row of pipes of the actual air pre-heater was simulated with this computer program, in order to determine whether this temperature is lower than acid dew point of flue gas. With the simulation for this configuration of the actual combustion air pre-heater, the skin temperature for the first row (for the combustion air flow) of tubes from the upper bundle was TS = 134 °C. A way to reduce the cold end corrosion in the combustion air pre-heaters is raising the temperature of the combustion air at the air pre-heater entrance. This solution involves taking a quantity of preheated air, recirculation and then reintroducing it in the air pre-heater. In the same time, this solution avoiding to use the steam radiator, mounted after the fan, for pre-heating the combustion air from 1°C to 45°C. Thus, the furnaces equipped with the new combustion air pre-heater and modern low NOx burners made a fuel economy about 3%.

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Gaba, Aurel, Vasile Bratu, Dorian Musat, Ileana Nicoleta Popescu und Maria Cristiana Enescu. „Analysis of the Combustion Air Preheater from the Aluminum Melting Furnaces“. Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 14, Nr. 11 (01.10.2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsmm-2016-0005.

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Abstract This paper presents solutions and the equipment for preheating combustion air from scrap aluminum melting furnaces through flue gas heat recovery. For sizing convection pre-heaters, there has been developed a mathematical model which has been transcribed into a computer program in C + +. A constructive version of the pre-heater was drawn up and a recovery heat exchanger was manufactured and mounted on an aluminum melting furnace. Both the functional parameters values and the reasons causing the pre-heater worning out, as well as the steps taken for sizing and the achievement of a new air pre-heater able to bear the operating conditions of the aluminum melting furnace are shown.

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Hunter, S. C., und R. E. Hall. „Refinery Process Heater NOx Control by Staged Combustion Air Lances“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, Nr. 2 (01.04.1988): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240100.

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A vertically fired natural-draft petroleum-refinery crude-oil process heater was modified to reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by installing staged combustion air lances. Baseline NO emissions firing refinery gas before modification were measured to be 100 to 125 parts per million by volume, dry, corrected to 3 percent oxygen. Staged combustion air lances were installed to bypass combustion air around the burners to achieve staged combustion. With the modification, an average reduction of 64 percent in NO emissions was observed over a 30-day test period, with NO emissions of 25 to 50 ppm, dependent on the excess air. This method of combustion modification can be applied to most vertically fired process heaters where flame length increased by a factor of 2 to 4 would not cause flame impingement.

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Irawan, Irawan, und Aqli Mursadin. „ANALISIS KINERJA AIR HEATER DI PLTU ASAM-ASAM UNIT 2“. JTAM ROTARY 1, Nr. 1 (01.04.2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v1i1.1396.

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Indonesia as one of the largest coal producers utilizes this advantage by establishing a steam power plant, one of which is Borneo south PLTU power plant PT.PLN (persero) south of Borneo and Central Borneo Asam-Asam generation sector. One important component of PLTU is air heater to raise the combustion air temperature. Initial heating of ljungstrom type lattest regenerative air heater in PLTU Asam-Asam unit 2 is carried out cleaning and maintenance on seal and gas side surfaces to optimize heat transfer coefficient and ratio of air intake ratio exposed by forced draft fan and air heated by flue gas in heater air heater elements and transferred to the combustion chamber to make efficient use of new fuel. Measurements were carried out on August 9, 2017 for 2 hours to find out the average value of heat transfer coefficient and temperature comparison of entry and exit from air heater of Asam-Asam unit 2 steam power plant. This research was conducted to find out the value of heat transfer coefficient and air temperature ratio with measurement on the inlet and outlet for two hours. The results of the air heater performance analysis in in PLTU Asam-Asam unit 2 steam power plant in terms of the highest heat transfer coefficient was 62.75 W/m^2.℃ at 2:04 PM, while the lowest heat transfer coefficient was 62.37 W/m^2.℃ at 3:10 PM, and the average heat transfer coefficient is 62.50 W/m^2.℃ . While the highest water heater ratio 9.70 at 3:44 PM and the lowest ratio 8.32 at minute 3:09 PM, and the average water heater ratio 9.01. Heater water heater elements in good condition and performance in receiving and releasing heat. Keywords: Air Heater, Heat Transfer Coefficient, Temperature Ratio, Heating Elements

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Pachaiyappan, R., und J. Dasa Prakash. „Improving the Boiler Efficiency by Optimizing the Combustion Air“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.238.

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Air pre-heater and economizer are heat transfer surfaces in which air temperature and water temperature are raised by transferring heat from other media such as flue gas. Hot air is necessary for rapid combustion in the furnace and also for drying coal in milling plants. So an essential boiler accessory which serves this purpose is air pre-heater. The air pre-heater is not essential for operation of steam generator, but they are used where a study of cost indicates that money can be saved or efficient combustion can be obtained by their use. The decision for its adoption can be made when the financial advantages is weighed against the capital cost of heater. The efficiency of the boiler increases with the increase in the temperature of the combustion air used in the furnace. This is achieved by the increased temperature of the flue gas in the air preheater and economizer zone. This paper deals with the different ways to obtain the maximum heat from the flue gas travelling through the air preheater and the economizer zone to improve the boiler efficiency.

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Bee´r, J. M., und R. V. Garland. „A Coal-Fueled Combustion Turbine Cogeneration System With Topping Combustion“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, Nr. 1 (01.01.1997): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815567.

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Cogeneration systems fired with coal or other solid fuels and containing conventional extracting-condensing or back pressure steam turbines can be found throughout the world. A potentially more economical plant of higher output per unit thermal energy is presented that employs a pressurized fluidized bed (PFB) and coal carbonizer. The carbonizer produces a char that is fed to the PFB and a low heating value fuel gas that is utilized in a topping combustion system. The topping combustor provides the means for achieving state-of-the-art turbine inlet temperatures and is the main contributor to enhancing the plant performance. An alternative to this fully coal-fired system is the partially coal, partially natural gas-fired air heater topping combustion cycle. In this cycle compressed air is preheated in an atmospheric pressure coal-fired boiler and its temperature raised further by burning natural gas in a topping gas turbine combustor. The coal fired boiler also generates steam for use in a cogeneration combined cycle. The conceptual design of the combustion turbine is presented with special emphasis on the low-emissions multiannular swirl burner topping combustion system and its special requirements and features.

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Hashimoto, T. „Combustion stability of a vitiated-air heater using coaxial injectors“. Energy Conversion and Management 38, Nr. 10-13 (Juli 1997): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(96)00138-0.

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Ni, Pei Yong, Xiang Li Wang und Sheng Li Wei. „Numerical Simulation of Thermodynamic Parameters during Diffusion Combustion for Vehicle Air Heater“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (Juli 2011): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.783.

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The diffusion combustion of the air heater was numerically simulated at different excess air coefficient using Fluent software. The distributions of the temperature, gas flow velocity, and turbulence intensity were present. And the heat flux was calculated. The result showed that the excess air coefficient had a little effect on the maximum combustion temperature distribution. As the excess air coefficient increased, the axial temperature at first increased and then decreased, and in contrast both the total heat flux and radiation heat flux decreased. The radial temperature, velocity and turbulence intensity increased firstly and then decreased at the same operation condition. The measured exhaust temperature increased with time. At 90 second, it was about 250 °C, which showed good agreement with simulation result. This provides theory basis for the reform of the heater.

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Irodov, Vyacheslav, Maksym Shaptala, Kostiantyn Dudkin, Daria Shaptala und Halyna Prokofieva. „Development of evolutionary search algorithms with binary choice relations when making decisions for pellet tubular heaters“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, Nr. 8(111) (30.06.2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.235837.

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A study was carried out and the optimization process was carried out for one of the types of equipment for autonomous heat supply using renewable resources – a tubular pellet heater. The research is expedient, since there is no mathematical model of the unit operation for the pellet combustion unit, there is only a set of experimental results indicating the inconsistency of the criteria presented to it. As a result of the research, new algorithms have been obtained: firstly, an algorithm for selecting (multi-criteria optimization) the operating mode of the unit for burning pellets of tubular heaters, and secondly, algorithms for choosing, according to several criteria, the parameters of the heat exchange unit of a tubular heater with a screen. A set of algorithms for multicriteria optimization with binary selection ratios has been developed for tubular pellet heaters in full, including a pellet combustion unit and a heat exchange unit. Selection functions have been defined for a pellet combustion unit using dimensionless complexes based on experimental results. For a block of a tubular heat exchanger with a screen, a selection function is built taking into account the criteria of functioning and a mathematical model of the heater in the form of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The practical significance of the algorithm for selecting the operating mode for the pellet combustion unit lies in the possibility of obtaining the most preferable (optimal, taking into account many criteria) parameters in the entire range of permissible parameters, and not only among the experiments carried out. The practical significance of optimization algorithms for a heat exchange unit lies in the ability to select specific parameter values during design – the thermal power of the heater, air flow, the length of the tubular part and the screen, their diameters, taking into account several selection criteria.

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Musavi, Zahra, Henrik Kusar, Robert Andersson und Klas Engvall. „Modelling and Optimization of a Small Diesel Burner for Mobile Applications“. Energies 11, Nr. 11 (25.10.2018): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112904.

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While extensive research has been done on improving diesel engines, much less has been done on auxiliary heaters, which have their own design challenges. The study analyzes how to optimize the combustion performance of an auxiliary heater, a 6 kW diesel burner, by investigating key parameters affecting diesel combustion and their properties. A model of a small diesel heater, including a simulation of fuel injection and combustion process, was developed step-wise and verified against experimental results that can be used for scaling up to 25 kW heaters. The model was successfully applied to the burner, predicting the burner performance in comparison with experimental results. Three main variables were identified as important for the design. First, it was concluded that the distance from the ring cone to the nozzle is essential for the fluid dynamics and flame location, and that the ring cone should be moved closer to the nozzle for optimal performance. Second, the design of the swirl co-flow is important, and the swirl number of the inlet air should be kept above 0.6 to stabilize the flame location for the present burner design. Finally, the importance of the nozzle diameter to avoid divergent particle vaporization was pointed out.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Combustion air heater"

Dogan, Osman Tufan. „Performance Of Combined Cycle Power Plants With External Combustion“. Thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1223288/index.pdf.

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Amaya, Gonzalez Hernan Andres. „Power Consumption Analysis of Rotorcraft Environmental Control Systems“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9231.

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Helicopters have now become an essential part for civil and military activities, for the next few years a significant increase in the use of this mean of transportation is expected. Unlike many fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters have no need to be pressurized due to their operating at low altitudes. The Environmental Control Systems (ECS) commonly used in fixed-wing aircraft are air cycle systems, which use the engine compressor’s bleed flow to function. These systems are integrated in the aircraft from inception. The ECS in helicopters is commonly added subsequently to an already designed airframe and power plant or as an additional development for modern aircraft. Helicopter engines are not designed to bleed air while producing their rated power, due to this a high penalty in fuel consumption is paid by such refitted systems. A detailed study of the different configurations of ECS for rotorcraft could reduce this penalty by determining the required power resulting from each of the system configurations, and therefore recommend the most appropriate one to be implemented for a particular flight path and aircraft. This study presents the conducted analysis and subsequent simulation of the environmental control system in a selected representative rotorcraft: the Bell206L-4. This investigation seeks to optimize the rotorcraft’s power consumption and energy waste; by taking into consideration the cabin heat load. It consequently aims to minimize these penalties, achieving passenger comfort, an optimally moist air for equipment and a reduction in the environmental impact. For the purpose of this analysis a civil aircraft was chosen for a rotary-wing type. This helicopter was analysed with different air-conditioning packs complying with the current airworthiness requirements. These systems were optimized with the inclusion of different environmental control models, and the cabin heat load model, which provided the best air-conditioning for many conditions and mission scopes, thus reducing the high fuel consumption in engines and hence the emission of gases into the environment. Each of the models was computed in the Matlab-simulink® software. Different case studies were carried out by changing aircraft, the system’s configurations and flight parameters. Comparisons between the different systems and sub-systems were performed. The results of these simulations permitted the ECS configuration selection for optimal fuel consumption. Once validated the results obtained through this model were included in Rotorcraft Mission Energy Management Model (RMEM), a tool designed to predict the power requirements of helicopter systems. The computed ECS model shows that favourable reductions in fuel burn may be achievable if an appropriated configuration of ECS is chosen for a light rotorcraft. The results show that the VCM mixed with engine bleed air is the best configuration for the chosen missions. However, this configuration can vary according to the mission and environment.

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Kareš, Martin. „Návrh ohříváku spalovacího vzduchu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443184.

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This diploma thesis is dedicated to the design of a combustion air heater for a biomass boiler with a water content of over 60%. The first part of the thesis describes biomass and its use in energetics. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of combustion, heat transfer in the exchanger, design of dimensions and air pressure losses are calculated. The last chapter describes the method of air heating regulation.

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Strnad, Ondřej. „Roštový kotel na spalování dřevní štěpky - 96,4 t/h“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417550.

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This thesis deals with issue of grate boilers. It describes their properties, function principles and usage. The main part of this thesis is design of grate boiler burning biomass with steam output 96.4 tons/hour. Steam temperature and pressure at the output are 490 °C and 8.1 MPa.

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Dohnal, Jakub. „Kotel na spoluspalovaní vysokopecního plynu a koksárenského plynu“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242878.

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This diploma thesis deals with the constructional and calculation design of boiler for blast furnace and coke gas mixture combustion, including sizing of the heating surfaces. The opening section is dedicated to a brief characterization of burned fuels. The following chapter shows the parameters and composition of the resulting fuel mixture. The main part of this thesis involves; determining the stoichiometric amount air required for combustion and the resulting flue gas, determining the boiler efficiency and steam production rate, calculations regarding the combustion chamber and the detailed design of the individual heat exchangers. At the end of the thesis the heat balance of the entire boiler is verified. Drawing documentation of boiler is also part of this diploma thesis.

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Salem, Essa KH I. J. „NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF PREMIXED FLAMES OF MULTI COMPONENT FUELS/AIR MIXTURES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS“. UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/132.

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Combustion has been used for a long time as a means of energy extraction. However, in the recent years there has been further increase in air pollution, through pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, acid rain etc. To solve this problem, there is a need to reduce carbon and nitrogen oxides through lean burning, fuel dilution and usage of bi-product fuel gases. A numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of several reduced mechanisms, in terms of computational time and accuracy. The cases were tested for the combustion of hydrocarbons diluted with hydrogen, syngas, and bi-product fuel in a cylindrical combustor. The simulations were carried out using the ANSYS Fluent 19.1. By solving the conservations equations, several global reduced mechanisms (2-5-10 steps) were obtained. The reduced mechanisms were used in the simulations for a 2D cylindrical tube with dimensions of 40 cm in length and 2.0 cm diameter. The mesh of the model included a proper fine quad mesh, within the first 7 cm of the tube and around the walls. By developing a proper boundary layer, several simulations were performed on hydrocarbon/air and syngas blends to visualize the flame characteristics. To validate the results “PREMIX and CHEMKIN” codes were used to calculate 1D premixed flame based on the temperature, composition of burned and unburned gas mixtures. Numerical calculations were carried for several hydrocarbons by changing the equivalence ratios (lean to rich) and adding small amounts of hydrogen into the fuel blends. The changes in temperature, radical formation, burning velocities and the reduction in NOx and CO2 emissions were observed. The results compared to experimental data to study the changes. Once the results were within acceptable range, different fuels compositions were used for the premixed combustion through adding H2/CO/CO2 by volume and changing the equivalence ratios and preheat temperatures, in the fuel blends. The results on flame temperature, shape, burning velocity and concentrations of radicals and emissions were observed. The flame speed was calculated by finding the surface area of the flame, through the mass fractions of fuel components and products conversions that were simulated through the tube. The area method was applied to determine the flame speed. It was determined that the reduced mechanisms provided results within an acceptable range. The variation of the inlet velocity had neglectable effects on the burning velocity. The highest temperatures were obtained in lean conditions (0.5-0.9) equivalence ratio and highest flame speed was obtained for Blast Furnace Gas (BFG) at elevated preheat temperature and methane-hydrogen fuels blends in the combustor. The results included; reduction in CO2 and NOx emissions, expansion of the flammable limit, under the condition of having the same laminar flow. The usage of diluted natural gases, syngas and bi-product gases provides a step in solving environmental problems and providing efficient energy.

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Zeng, Wenwei. „LOW-ORDER DISCRETE DYNAMICAL SYSTEM FOR H₂-AIR FINITE-RATE COMBUSTION PROCESS“. UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/73.

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A low-order discrete dynamical system (DDS) for finite-rate chemistry of H2-air combustion is derived in 3D. Fourier series with a single wavevector are employed to represent dependent variables of subgrid-scale (SGS) behaviors for applications to large-eddy simulation (LES). A Galerkin approximation is applied to the governing equations for comprising the DDS. Regime maps are employed to aid qualitative determination of useful values for bifurcation parameters of the DDS. Both isotropic and anisotropic assumptions are employed when constructing regime maps and studying bifurcation parameters sequences. For H2-air reactions, two reduced chemical mechanisms are studied via the DDS. As input to the DDS, physical quantities from experimental turbulent flow are used. Numerical solutions consisting of time series of velocities, species mass fractions, temperature, and the sum of mass fractions are analyzed. Numerical solutions are compared with experimental data at selected spatial locations within the experimental flame to check whether this model is suitable for an entire flame field. The comparisons show the DDS can mimic turbulent combustion behaviors in a qualitative sense, and the time-averaged computed results of some species are quantitatively close to experimental data.

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Diao, Zhaojin. „CHARACTERIZATION OF METHANE-AIR DIFFUSION FLAMES FOR FLAME SYNTHESIS APPLICATION THROUGH OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS“. UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/121.

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Flame synthesis is a growing field of research aiming at forming new materials and coatings through injection of seed materials into a flame. Accurate prediction of the thermal structure of these flames requires detailed information on the radiative properties and a thorough understanding of the governing combustion processes. The objective of this work is to establish a basic optical diagnostic characterization of different methane-air diffusion flames of different complexity. The basic principles are developed and demonstrated at a rotational symmetric co-flow burner and finally applied to a burner consisting of six clustered microflames which is designed for future flame synthesis work. This work focuses on the demonstration of the optical techniques for characterizing the optical emissions from diffusion flames and of the proposed method for the determination of radiating species properties from these optical measurements. In the co-flow diffusion flame setup, the fuel of methane diluted with nitrogen is provided through an inner tube while the air is applied through an outer duct surrounding the fuel nozzle. Filtered imaging and spectrally resolved measurements of the chemiluminescence of CH* and C2* and of water emission were conducted. A procedure for using the HITRAN database to support the spectroscopic analysis of the water emission was developed. In the six clustered microflames burner setup, the burner consisted of six micro-nozzles arranged in a circle surrounding a central nozzle through which air and TaN seed particles with sizes between 0.3 and 3 μm were injected. Spectrally resolved measurements of the chemiluminescence of CH* and C2* were conducted for temperature measurements. Imaging results obtained from a spectral integration of the molecular emission were compared to results from Japanese collaborators who applied a tomographic analysis method to filtered emission measurements of CH* emission which can yield spatially resolved three dimensional mapping of the flame front. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the integrated band emission of CH* and C2* showed that the emission of both species is generated at the same locations in the flame which are the thin flame sheets shown in the tomography results of CH*. The ratio of the C2* and the CH* emission from the emission spectroscopy measurements was used to determine a local equivalence ratio through empirically derived correlations for premixed flames reported in literature. Rotational and vibrational temperature distributions of CH* and C2* radicals throughout the entire flame were determined from the spectrally resolved emission from CH* and C2*. The temperatures of TaN seed particles were characterized using VIS-NIR emission spectra while varying fuel-air flow rates. The temperature profiles of the particles at various heights above the base of the central nozzle, obtained by their VIS-NIR continuum emission, showed a well-defined constant temperature region that extended well beyond the actual flame front and changed as fuel and oxidizer flow rates were varied. The results demonstrate the ability to control the duration to which seed particles are subjected to high temperature reactions by adjusting fuel and oxidizer flow rates in the clustered microflames burner.

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zhao, lei. „An Investigation of Mist/Air Film Cooling with Application to Gas Turbine Airfoils“. ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1499.

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Film cooling is a cooling technique widely used in high-performance gas turbines to protect turbine airfoils from being damaged by hot flue gases. Film injection holes are placed in the body of the airfoil to allow coolant to pass from the internal cavity to the external surface. The ejection of coolant gas results in a layer or “film” of coolant gas flowing along the external surface of the airfoil. In this study, a new cooling scheme, mist/air film cooling is proposed and investigated through experiments. Small amount of tiny water droplets with an average diameter about 7 μm (mist) is injected into the cooling air to enhance the cooling performance. A wind tunnel system and test facilities were build. A Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) system is employed to measure droplet size, velocity and turbulence. Infrared camera and thermocouples are both used for temperature measurements. Mist film cooling performance is evaluated and compared against air-only film cooling in terms of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and film coverage. Experimental results show that for blowing ratio M=0.6, net enhancement in adiabatic cooling effectiveness can reach 190% locally and 128% overall along the centerline. The general pattern of adiabatic cooling effectiveness distribution of the mist case is similar to that of the air-only case with the peak at about the same location. The concept of Film Decay Length (FDL) is proposed to quantitatively evaluate how well the coolant film covers the blade surface. Application of mist in the M=0.6 condition is apparently superior to the M=1.0 and 1.4 cases due to the higher overall cooling enhancement, the much longer FDL, and wider and longer film cooling coverage area. Based on droplet measurements through PDPA, a profile describing how the airmist coolant jet flow spreads and eventually blends into the hot main flow is proposed. A sketch based on the proposed profile is provided. This profile is found to be well supported by the measurement results of Turbulent Reynolds Stress. The location where a higher magnitude of Turbulent Reynolds Stress exists, which indicates higher strength of turbulent mixing effect, is found to be in the close neighborhood of the edge of the coolant film envelope. Also the separation between the mist droplets layer and the coolant air film is identified through the measurements. In other words, large droplets penetrate through the air coolant film layer and travel further over into the main flow. Based on the proposed air-mist film profile, the heat transfer results are reexamined. It is found that the location of optimum cooling effect is coincident with the starting point where the air-mist coolant starts to bend towards the surface. Thus the data suggests that the “bending back” film pattern is critical in keeping the mist droplets close to the surface which improves the cooling effectiveness for mist cooling.

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Prodanov, Katherina V. „Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Acoustic Waves on Natural Convection Heat Transfer from a Horizontal Cylinder in Air“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2269.

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Heat transfer is a critical part of engineering design, from the cooling of rocket engines to the thermal management of the increasingly dense packaging of electronic circuits. Even for the most fundamental modes of heat transfer, a topic of research is devoted to finding novel ways to improve it. In recent decades, investigators experimented with the idea of exposing systems to acoustic waves with the hope of enhancing thermal transfer at the surface of a body. Ultrasound has been applied with some success to systems undergoing nucleate boiling and in single-phase forced and free convection heat transfer in water. However, little research has been done into the use of sound waves to improve heat transfer in air. In this thesis the impact of acoustic waves on natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder in air is explored. An experimental apparatus was constructed to measure natural convection from a heated horizontal cylinder. Verification tests were conducted to confirm that the heat transfer could be described using traditional free convection heat transfer theory. The design and verification testing of the apparatus is presented in this work. Using the apparatus, experiments were conducted to identify if the addition of acoustic waves affected the heat transfer. For the first set of experiments, a 40 kHz standing wave was created along the length of the heated horizontal cylinder. While our expectation was that our results would mirror those found in the literature related to cooling enhancement using ultrasound in water (cited in the body of this thesis), they did not. When a 40 kHz signal was used to actuate the air surrounding the heated cylinder assembly, no measurable enhancement of heat transfer was detected. Experiments were also performed in the audible range using a loudspeaker at 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, 500 Hz, and 2,000 Hz. Interestingly, we found that a 200 Hz acoustic wave causes a significant, measurable impact on natural convection heat transfer in air from a horizontal cylinder. The steady-state surface temperature of the cylinder dropped by approximately 12℃ when a 200 Hz wave was applied to the system.

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Bücher zum Thema "Combustion air heater"

Kuznecov, Vyacheslav, und Oleg Bryuhanov. Gasified boiler units. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1003548.

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The textbook gives the basic concepts of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations and the terminology used in boiler technology, the principle of operation and device of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations. The types and device of heat generators (boilers) of their furnace devices are considered; types and device of gas-burning devices, the number and places of their installation in furnace devices; auxiliary equipment-devices for air supply and removal of combustion products, devices for water treatment, steam supply and circulation of the coolant of hot water boilers; device for thermal control and automatic regulation of the boiler installation. The issues of operation and efficiency of gasified heat generating (boiler) installations and their gas supply systems; requirements for conducting gas-hazardous and emergency recovery operations of gas supply systems are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational education in the specialty 08.02.08 "Installation and operation of equipment and gas supply systems".

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1931-, Rabinowitz Martin J., und United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Numerical study of shock-induced combustion in methane-air mixtures. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Numerical study of shock-induced combustion in methane-air mixtures. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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J, Rabinowitz Martin, und United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., Hrsg. Numerical study of shock-induced combustion in methane-air mixtures. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Combustion air heater"

Schreiber, Didier, Magnus Lenner, Ove Lindgren und Jim Olsson. „Experimental Studies of a Methane/Air Counterflow Flame Doped with NO“. In Heat Transfer in Radiating and Combusting Systems, 68–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84637-3_4.

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Jin, Yingai, Cong Tian, Yaohong Xing, Mingyu Quan, Jiwei Cheng, Yuying Yan und Jiatong Guo. „The Effect of Air Distribution Modes and Load Operations on Boiler Combustion“. In Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, 827–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_140.

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Pasini, S., N. Pintus, L. Castellano und S. Lattanzi. „Modelling Optical Properties of Air CO2-H2O-Soot Mixtures for Engineering Calculations“. In Heat Transfer in Radiating and Combusting Systems, 205–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84637-3_12.

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de Lemos, L. Teixeira, und R. Bouriannes. „A New Infrared Emission-Absorption Pyrometer for Dust-Air Explosions Temperature Measurements“. In Heat Transfer in Radiating and Combusting Systems, 287–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84637-3_17.

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Shinde, A. B., und S. N. Sapali. „Waste Heat Recovery from Walls of the Combustion Chamber of a New Portable Jaggery Plant to Dry Bagasse“. In Advances in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, 427–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6360-7_39.

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Dalong, Zhang, Li Zhouhang, Zhang Hai, Wu Yuxin, Lu Junfu, Zhang Man, Zhou Wu und Ran Shenming. „Numerical Simulation of Combustion Characteristics and Heat Flux Distribution in a 600-MW Arch-Fired Boiler with Different Primary Air Injection Angles“. In Clean Coal Technology and Sustainable Development, 241–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2023-0_32.

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„Fired Heater Combustion Air Control“. In Troubleshooting Process Plant Control, 87–98. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119267799.ch10.

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Lieberman, Norman. „Effect of Combustion Air Preheat on a Fired Heater“. In Understanding Process Equipment for Operators and Engineers, 159–62. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816161-6.00021-7.

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„- Air Heaters“. In The Coen & Hamworthy Combustion Handbook, 460–69. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13967-24.

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Atkins, Peter. „Burns Night: Combustion“. In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0007.

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Burning, more formally combustion, denotes burning in oxygen and more commonly in air (which is 20 per cent oxygen). Combustion is a special case of a more general term, ‘oxidation’, which originally meant reaction with oxygen, not necessarily accompanied by a flame. The rusting of iron is also an oxidation, but we don’t normally think of it as a combustion because no flame is involved. Oxidation now has a much broader meaning than reaction with oxygen, as I shall unfold in Reaction 5. For now, I shall stick to combustion itself. To achieve combustion, we take a fuel, which might be the methane, CH4, 1, of natural gas or one of the heavier hydrocarbons, such as octane, C8H18, 2, that we use in internal combustion engines, mix it with air, and ignite it. The outcome of the complete combustion of any hydro-carbon is carbon dioxide and water but incomplete combustion can result in carbon monoxide and various fragments of the original hydrocarbon molecule. All combustions are ‘exothermic’, meaning that they release a lot of energy as heat into the surroundings. We use that energy for warmth or for driving machinery. Another example of an exothermic combustion is provided by the metal magnesium, which gives an intense white light as well as heat when it burns in air. A part of the vigour of this reaction is due to the fact that magnesium reacts not only with oxygen but also with nitrogen, the major component of air. You should be getting a glimpse of the broader significance of the term ‘oxidation’ in the sense that the reaction need not involve oxygen; in magnesium’s case, nitrogen can replace oxygen in the reaction. Magnesium foil was used in old-fashioned photographic flashes and in fireworks. The latter now mostly use finely powdered aluminium, which is much cheaper than magnesium and reacts in much the same way. In what follows you could easily replace aluminium with magnesium if you want to think fireworks. For the whole of the following discussion you need to be familiar with oxygen, O2, 3, a peculiar molecule in several respects.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Combustion air heater"

Baukal, Charles E., und Wesley R. Bussman. „Process Heater Air Infiltration“. In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39988.

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Process heaters are among the largest energy consumers in industry. Many of them were built years ago and often are not well sealed which leads to excessive air infiltration. Air leaks may be caused by cracks in the wall, by sight ports that are not properly sealed or may even be left open, failure to close air registers for burners that are out of service, improper sealing of penetrations through the heater walls, and by excessive draft levels in the heater. These leaks reduce energy efficiency and indirectly increase pollution emissions as more fuel must be consumed for a given production rate. Leaks may also directly cause NOx emissions to increase due to increased excess oxygen. Excessive air leakage can indirectly cause process burners to operate improperly. The excess oxygen level in a heater is normally controlled to a certain target value, typically about 2–3% by volume for gaseous fuels. Process burners are designed assuming that all of the air for combustion goes through the burner. However, if a significant amount of air is leaking into a heater, the measured excess oxygen level may be on target but not enough of the air is coming through the burner which can adversely affect performance. The flame length may be dramatically increased as the flame searches for air to complete combustion which often causes flame impingement on process tubes. The heat flux distribution may be shifted as the flame length increases. The flames may even become unstable if they are sufficiently starved for air. The draft level in a heater varies with elevation which means that air infiltration depends not only on the size of the leak opening, but also on its location. This paper will include an analysis of how excess air infiltration affects thermal efficiency and how the location of the leak and the heater draft level affect the amount of air infiltration. The impact of air infiltration on burner performance will be discussed. Techniques will be recommended for detecting air leaks and how to correct them.

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Ebrahimi, Houshang, und Robert Ryder. „CFD Simulations for AEDC Combustion Air Heater (CAH) for APTU Facility“. In 14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-8046.

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Pelit, Mustafa, Bülent Sümer, Bora Yazici, Mahmut Dogrudil und Nurdil Eskin. „Experimental Investigation of Lean Blowout Limits of a Combustion-Air-Heater“. In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4036.

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Vaughn, Dusty, Doug Garrard und Drew Landman. „Hypersonic Ground Testing Combustion Air Heater Ignition Optimization via Design of Experiments“. In 28th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, Ground Testing, and Flight Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2729.

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Kreun, Patrick K., Claudia M. Fajardo und Andreas S. Baumann. „Simulation of an Intake Manifold Pre-Heater for Cold Engine Startup“. In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92187.

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Ensuring consistent, reliable diesel engine startups in cold temperatures is of utmost importance in a number of applications. Under extreme temperatures, the use of glow plugs is complemented by intake manifold heaters. In these, the energy released from combustion increases the intake air temperature before the air enters the main combustion chamber. Since the process also alters the stoichiometry of the fuel-air mixture at the intake ports, the pre-heater operation must be optimized in order to guarantee successful and reliable in-cylinder combustion during engine startups. This paper describes the development of an intake manifold model incorporating an air pre-heater for application in a diesel engine. The model, created using a commercial one-dimensional simulation tool, was validated against experimental data and subsequently used to quantify the concentration of combustion product species at the intake runners, as well as intake charge dilution. Results showed that the effective equivalence ratio might increase up to 2.6 after the first 25 seconds of cranking, with 12.5% reduction of the O2 concentration in the intake charge.

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Garrard, Glenn. „Development of the Combustion Air Heater Ignition Sequence at the Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit“. In 16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-7359.

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McLaughlin, David C., und Joseph R. Nasal. „Applying the X-Ratio Correction to Calculated Air Heater Efficiency: An Alternate Method“. In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27304.

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ASME PTC 4.3 on testing Air Heaters provides guidance for the calculation of gas-side efficiency as a measure of air heater performance. This code also provides for calculation of air heater X-ratio (XR), which is the ratio of the heat capacity (mass flow times specific heat capacity) of the air flowing through the heater to that of the flue gas. The code acknowledges the impact of XR on air heater efficiency, and dictates that the gas temperature leaving the air heater (and hence, air heater efficiency) be corrected for deviation from design XR by the use of “appropriate design correction curves” [1]. Unfortunately, such curves are rare, and therefore this important correction is usually ignored in routine air heater test calculations by power plant testing personnel, resulting in an incorrect calculation of air heater efficiency. This is particularly true for balanced draft boilers burning coal that are aged and have a significant amount of air leakage into the boiler setting. On these boilers, the ratio of combustion flue gas mass flow to combustion air mass flow is changed significantly from the original design, and therefore applying an XR correction factor is essential to calculating and reporting accurate air heater efficiency. This paper presents a method to calculate and correct for a deviation from design X-ratio based on standard heat exchanger analysis techniques, namely the ε-NTU method, which utilizes the concept of heat exchanger effectiveness (ε). A solution that results in applying the ratio of the design to actual XR’s as the correction factor is developed. The paper also provides empirical data from testing on a coal-fired boiler to validate the alternate correction method.

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Zou, Linjiang, und Lin Cheng. „The Developmental Research of Regeneration Ladle Heater With Gas Backflow Technology“. In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56251.

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By adopting a gas jet principle in developmental metal smelting research, the combustion, heating effect, and the flow distribution of a new ladle configuration can be simulated. In this paper, using universal fluid software, the relation between the structure, the flow distribution, and the temperature distribution is examined. The study results indicate that a new ladle heater, in which gas jet technology and high-temperature air combustion technology are adopted, can improve the bake effect and the temperature uniformity of the ladle lining effectively. These methods can also cut down on pollution emissions.

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Leitgeb, Thomas, Fabrice Giuliani, Andreas Niederhammer und Hermann-Peter Pirker. „Computer-Aided Dimensioning and Validation of a Versatile Test Facility for Combustion Chambers and Turbines“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59592.

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The continuous flow test facility at Graz University of Technology was originally designed for cold sub- and transonic experimental research on different turbine stages (2001-GT-0489). The operation range of the facility was recently extended to hot flows for investigations on the behavior of high-temperature resistant sensors embedded in gas-turbines and analysis of cooling systems of turbine blades or multiple-burner combustors, where each air supply is driven separately. Therefore, a 5 MW thermal air heater has been connected to the institute’s 3 MW compressor station. The dimensioning of the air system was done with IPSE-pro which is a commercial software package for simulation of basic thermodynamic processes. The standard modules of IPSE-pro were modified for calculating the mass flow distributions with respect to the prevailing pressure drops. As the air system is complex and relies on control valves to maintain specific mass flow rates, IPSEpro allows analysis of the behaviour of the test facility at several compressor station configurations. The main test facility dimensions and characteristics, as well as the most important equations describing the component models of IPSEpro are shown. Simulation results of several operation points are compared to measured data to validate the methodology. This work was done in the frame of the European research program New Aero Engine Core Concepts (NEWAC) at Graz University of Technology.

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Huang, Francis F., und Tim Naumowicz. „Thermodynamic Study of an Indirect Fired Air Turbine Cogeneration System With Regeneration“. In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-34.

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A previous study of an indirect fired air turbine cogeneration system has been extended to include the concept of regeneration. The effect of regenerator effectiveness and full regeneration as well as partial regeneration on system performance parameters (such as fuel utilization efficiency, power-to-heat ratio and second-law efficiency) are examined. An important conclusion of this study is that a regenerative gas turbine cogeneration system is capable of producing large power-to-heat ratios for various process conditions requiring the use of only moderate compressor compression ratio and moderately effective regenerators. It appears that this is an attractive system which could compete in a market that is currently dominated by internal combustion engines when a viable fludized bed air heater is available.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Combustion air heater"

Shibata, Gen, Koji Oyama, Tomonori Urushihara und Tsuyoshi Nakano. The Effect of Fuel Components on HCCI Combustion Characteristics: 2nd Report~The Change of Heat Release Data With Intake Air Heating, and High Temperature Heat Release T-P Relationship. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0428.

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Effect of Spark Discharge Duration and Timing on the Combustion Initiation in a Lean Burn SI Engine. SAE International, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0478.

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Meeting the increasingly stringent emission and fuel efficiency standards is the primary objective of the automotive research. Lean/diluted combustion is a promising avenue to realize high-efficiency combustion and reduce emissions in SI engines. Under the diluted conditions, the flame propagation speed is reduced because of the reduced charge reactivity. Enhancing the in-cylinder charge motion and turbulence, and thereby increasing the flame speed, is a possible way to harness the combustion process in SI engines. However, the charge motion can have a significant effect on the spark ignition process because of the reduced discharge duration and frequent restrikes. A longer discharge duration can aid in the formation of the self-sustained flame kernel and subsequent stable ignition. Therefore, an empirical study is undertaken to investigate the effect of the discharge duration and ignition timing on the ignition and early combustion in a port fueled SI engine, operated under lean conditions. The discharge duration is modulated from 1 ms to 8 ms through a continuous discharge strategy. The discharge current and voltage measurements are recorded during the engine operation to characterize the discharge process. The in-cylinder charge is diluted using fresh air to achieve lean combustion. The in-cylinder pressure measurement and heat release analysis are used to investigate the ignition and combustion characteristics of the engine. Preliminary results indicate that while the discharge duration has a marginal effect on the ignition delay, cyclic variations are notably impacted.

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