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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Combustibles nucléaires – Effets de la température“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Combustibles nucléaires – Effets de la température"
Colson, Jean-Philippe. „Les centrales nucléaires de Cattenom, Civaux et du Carnet : Changement dans les circonstances de droit et de fait. Modifications de la température et du débit de la Moselle postérieurement au décret de création. Moyen inopérant (Ve espèce). Déclaration d'utilité publique. Demande d'abrogation. D.U.P. ayant cessé de produire ses effets. Conclusions sans objet (2e espèce). Nouvelles circonstances. Utilité publique : prise en compte de la demande intérieure et des possibilités d'exportation (3e espèce). Conseil d'Etat, 26 février 1996 Land de Sarre et autres (1re espèce) Association Stop-Civaux et autres (2e espèce) Association « Une basse Loire sans nucléaire » (3e espèce). Avec observations“. Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 22, Nr. 1 (1997): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.1997.3356.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Combustibles nucléaires – Effets de la température"
Castellano, Aloïs. „Étude des effets de la température sur les combustibles nucléaires par une approche ab initio“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS062.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo ensure the security of nuclear electricity production, an understanding of the behavior of nuclear fuel materials is necessary. This work aims at making a contribution to the study of the effects of temperature on nuclear fuels, by using an ab initio approach through density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). To explicity take account of the temperature, a non-perturbative lattice dynamics method is formalised, allowing to study the evolution of phonons and thermodynamic properties with temperature. In order to reduce the important computational cost of AIMD, a machine-learning based sampling method is developped, which allows to accelerate the simulation of materials at finite temperature. Those different methods are applied to describe the stabilisation of uranium-molybdenum alloy at high temperature, as well as the lattice dynamics of uranium and plutonium dioxides
Brunel, Alan. „Propriétés thermodynamiques et thermophysiques des liquides à haute température : applications aux combustibles nucléaires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS426.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring a severe accident involving the meltdown of the core of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, the nuclear fuel will react with the zircalloy cladding around it and the structural materials of the core to make a high temperature magma called corium. Depending on its composition and its temperature, the corium can stratify because of two non-miscible metallic and oxidic liquids. For some stratification configurations, the heat flow can focus on the vessel’s wall, threatening its integrity with a corium flowing outside of it. The aim of this thesis is to collect thermodynamic and thermophysic data on a prototypical corium, the U-Zr-Fe-O system. The thermodynamic data collected in this thesis are related to the definition of the liquid miscibility gap and the compositions of the liquids in the U-Zr-Fe-O system and its sub-systems, depending on the composition and the temperature. Compositions of interest were selected after performing thermodynamic calculation by the CALPHAD method with the TAF-ID V13 database. The corresponding samples underwent heat treatments and post-treatment analyses to measure the compositions of the liquids and to compare them to thermodynamic calculations. An iron rich liquid miscibility gap and a zirconium rich one were highlighted in the Fe-Zr-O system. Although calculations were in agreement with data from the first miscibility gap at 1990 °C, measurements in the zirconium rich miscibility gap at 2420 °C and 2650 °C reveal an underestimation of the zirconium quantity in the metallic liquid and its overestimation in the oxidic liquid by the model. Studies on the UO2-Zr-Fe system at 2423 °C show that the liquid miscibility gap definition and the compositions of the liquids depend on the quantity of iron in the system, the U/Zr ratio and corium oxidation degree. Furthermore, the zirconium molar fraction is underestimated by the model in the metallic liquid to the benefit of iron, and is overestimated in the oxidic liquid. Finally, the oxygen solubility in the metallic liquid is underestimated by the model. Thermophysic data were collected thanks to the improvement of the ATTILHA experimental setup, allowing the study of oxygen sensitive or radioactive liquids at high temperature by using a laser heating. Experimental values on liquidus and eutectic transformation temperatures of the oxygen-rich domain of the Zr-O system were acquired with this setup. Furthermore, the development of the aerodynamic levitation allows us the investigation liquids’densities for the Zr-Fe2O3 and the Zr-UO2 systems between 1884 °C and 2268 °C for different zirconium molar fractions. Densities of liquids from the Zr-Fe2O3 system were used to refine surface tension values acquired on the VITI-MBP setup at CEA Cadarache. These values confirmed the surfacting properties of the oxygen on these liquids. The experimental data collected during this thesis will be used to feed the databases and to improve the forecast of the corium’s behavior during a severe accident
Vitart, Anne-Lise. „Influence de paramètres physico-chimiques sur la cristallisation d’oxalates de lanthanides et d’actinides, précurseurs d’oxydes : orientation des microstructures“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work is in line with studies concerning actinides conversion by oxalic precipitation. This process leads to the precipitation of actinide oxalate compounds used as oxides precursors. As oxalate compounds keep their morphology through a pseudomorphic transformation when calcined into oxides, having control over their morphology is a key aspect for the control of some oxides properties. The thesis deals with the influence of physical-chemical parameters of oxalic precipitation and concerns, at first, surrogate systems of actinides. Neodymium(III) oxalate crystallization is firstly studied, and enables the identification of several Nd(III) oxalate hydrates with various morphologies, which depend on their crystalline structure. This preliminary study is used to guide the next part of the work dedicated to the study of neodymium(III) oxalate precipitation, this phenomenon being even more difficult to control than crystallization. Parameters such as temperature and influence of “structuring” and “non structuring” additives are studied. The study is then extended to thorium(IV) oxalate and mixed thorium(IV)-neodymium(III) oxalate before its application to plutonium(III) oxalate system. The experiments concerning this last system result in the obtention of plutonium oxalates with different structure and/or morphology, which, consequently, leads to plutonium oxides with different morphology
Pflieger, Rachel. „Mass spectrometric study of the laser vaporisations of graphite and uranium dioxide up to 4000k“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/PFLIEGER_Rachel_2006.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA new method of high-temperature mass spectrometry (TOF MS) was developed, where the specimen surface is heated by a laser pulse of approx. 20 ms. During it, time-resolved measurements of mass spectra and of the temperature are performed. Each experiment covers an entire temperature interval. The method was applied to pyrolytic graphite and uranium dioxide. In graphite study, it was clearly shown that the sublimation occurs in a Langmuir-like mode (free surface vaporisation), despite the very high temperatures and thus pressures. Relative partial pressures of C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 were measured up to 4100 K. Obtained sublimation enthalpies of the main three vapour species are in a good agreement with literature values. Relative vaporisation coefficients of C1-C5 were estimated by comparison of the present partial pressures at 4000 K with equilibrium ones given in the literature. The vapour pressure curve of UO2 over stoichiometric uranium dioxide was measured between 2800 and 3400 K. Obtained sublimation and vaporisation enthalpies are in agreement with the literature. The vaporisation enthalpy of UO3 was measured for the first time. Relative partial pressure ratios p(UO2)/p(UO), p(UO2)/p(UO3) and p(UO2+)/p(UO+) were measured at around 3300 K and indicate that the vaporisation occurs in a regime close to thermodynamic equilibrium. This method is suitable for the fast and time-resolved mass spectrometric measurements of refractory materials up to very high temperatures, and could now be applied to the study of chemically unstable materials such as hyperstoichiometric urania and some carbides and nitrides. Key words: pyrolytic graphite, HOPG, uranium dioxide, laser vaporisation, TOF MS, vaporisation coefficients, Langmuir evaporation
Vaudey, Claire-Émilie. „Effets de la température et de la corrosion radiolytique sur le comportement du chlore dans le graphite nucléaire : conséquences pour le stockage des graphites irradiés des réacteurs UNGG“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528691.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBruycker, Franck De. „High temperature phase transitions in nuclear fuels of the fourth generation“. Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUnderstanding the behaviour of nuclear materials in extreme conditions is of prime importance for the analysis of the operation limits of nuclear fuels, and prediction of possible nuclear reactor accidents, relevant to the general objectives of nuclear safety research. The main purpose of this thesis is the study of high temperature phase transitions in nuclear materials, with special attention to the candidate fuel materials for the reactors of the 4th Generation. In this framework, material properties need to be investigated at temperatures higher than 2500K, where equilibrium conditions are difficult to obtain. Laser heating combined with fast pyrometer is the method used at the European Institute for Transuranium Elements (JRC – ITU). It is associated to a novel process used to determine phase transitions, based on the detection, via a suited low-power (mW) probe laser, of changes in surface reflectivity that may accompany solid/liquid phase transitions. Fast thermal cycles, from a few ms up to the second, under almost container-free conditions and control atmosphere narrow the problem of vaporisation and sample interactions usually meet with traditional method. This new experimental approach has led to very interesting results. It confirmed earlier research for material systems known to be stable at high temperature (such as U-C) and allowed a refinement of the corresponding phase diagrams. But it was also feasible to apply this method to materials highly reactive, thus original results are presented on PuO2, NpO2, UO2-PuO2 and Pu-C systems
Pantera, Laurent. „Application d'une méthodologie statistique à la compréhension du phénomène de corrosion du surgénérateur Phénix“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD509.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSalvo, Maxime. „Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement mécanique du combustible UO2 en compression à haute température et forte vitesse de sollicitation“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4771/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to characterize and model the mechanical behavior of uranium dioxide (UO2) during a Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA). The fuel loading during a RIA is characterized by high strain rates (up to 1 /s) and high temperatures (1000°C - 2500°C). Two types of UO2 pellets (commercial and high density) were therefore tested in compression with prescribed displacement rates (0.1 to 100 mm / min corresponding to strain rates of 10-4 - 10-1 /s) and temperatures (1100°C - 1350°C - 1550°C et 1700°C). Experimental results (geometry, yield stress and microstructure) allowed us to define a hyperbolic sine creep law and a Drucker-Prager criterion with associated plasticity, in order to model grain boundaries fragmentation at the macroscopic scale. Finite Element Simulations of these tests and of more than 200 creep tests were used to assess the model response to a wide range of temperatures (1100°C - 1700°C) and strain rates (10-9 /s - 10-1 /s). Finally, a constitutive law called L3F was developed for UO2 by adding to the previous model irradiation creep and tensile macroscopic cracking. The L3F law was then introduced in the 1.5D scheme of the fuel performance code ALCYONE-RIA to simulate the REP-Na tests performed in the experimental reactor CABRI. Simulation results are in good agreement with post tests examinations
Mekki, Soufiane. „Speciation de l’europium trivalent dans un liquide ionique basse température“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112353.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the nuclear industry is playing an important role in the power production field, a relevant number of problems have been revealed. Indeed, high-level radioactive long-lived nuclear wastes present a real difficulty for nuclear wastes management. Mino actinides, which compose of these wastes, will be radioactive for several thousands of years. For eventual disposal deep underground, their reprocessing needs to be optimized. The extraction process used industrially to separate actinides and lanthanides from metal species characterizing the spent nuclear fuel produce, nevertheless, enormous quantities of contaminated liquid wastes directly issued from the liquid/liquid extraction step. During the last decade, some room-temperature ionic liquid have been studied and integrated into process. The interest on this class of solvent came out from their “green” properties (non volatile, non flammable, recyclable, etc…), but also from the variability of their physico-chemical properties (stability, hydrophobicity, viscosity) as a function of the RTIL chemical composition. Indeed, it has been shown that classical chemical industrial process could be transferred into those media, even more improved, while a certain number of difficulies arising from using traditional solvent can be avoided. In this respect, it could promising to investigate the ability to use room-temperature ionic liquid into the spent special nuclear fuel reprocessing field. The aim of this thesis is to test the ability of the specific ionic liquid bumim Tf₂N to allow trivalent europium extraction. The choice of this metal is based on the chemical analogy with trivalent minor actinides Curium and Americium which are contributing the greatest part of the long-lived high-level radioactive wastes. Handling these elements needs to be very cautious for the safety and radioprotection aspect. Moreover, europium is a very sensitive luminescent probe to its environment even at the microscopic scale. The manuscript is structured with four parts. In a first chapter, we present the main physico-chemical properties of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid family, and then we choose the ionic liquid bumim Tf₂N for the whole thesis and start with the electrochemical study. In the second chapter, we present the study of europium solvation in the ionic liquid media. In the third part, we expose the results concerning TTA solvation ans its complexation with europium in bumim Tf₂N under different conditions. Finally in the last chapter, we present the results obtained for the europium extraction in a three-stage extraction system : water/ bumim Tf₂N /supercritical CO2. This work highlights the potential use of ionic liquids and particularly bunim Tf₂N in the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. The ability to extract quantitatively a trivalent lanthanide has been demonstrated. This fundamental study can be regarded as a feasibility demonstration to build an ionic liquid-containing extraction system, in the aim of possible large-scale application
Pauvert, Olivier. „Etude structurale de sels fondus d'intérêts nucléaires par RMN et EXAFS haute température“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517360.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBuchteile zum Thema "Combustibles nucléaires – Effets de la température"
„Chapitre 7. Effets neutroniques liés à la température“. In Histoire et techniques des réacteurs nucléaires et de leurs combustibles, 237–50. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2032-0-011.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle„Chapitre 7. Effets neutroniques liés à la température“. In Histoire et techniques des réacteurs nucléaires et de leurs combustibles, 237–50. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2032-0.c011.
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