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Lawlor, Kelly, und Yunliang Meng. „The changing trend in songbirds’ abundance, variety and physical condition in Connecticut’s forestry habitat“. Forestry Studies 70, Nr. 1 (01.06.2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2019-0002.
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Abstract Songbirds are facing rapid population declines in Connecticut due to habitat loss. Man-made habitats such as powerline corridors are one of the few remaining ideal habitats for songbirds in the state. This study aims to determine if the abundance and variety of song-birds in four selected forests (i.e. Naugatuck State Forest, Sharon Audubon Society, Miles Wildlife Sanctuary, and Great Mountain Forest Species Variety) in Connecticut show patterns of decline from 2005 to 2014. This study also compares the physical condition of songbirds captured along a powerline corridor in the Naugatuck State Forest with those captured in the rest three non-fragmented forests in Northwestern Connecticut using Mann-Whitney U tests. Weight and wingspan are used as indicators of bird physical condition. The results demonstrate that the three non-fragmented forests experienced a steady decline in the variety of songbirds between 2005 and 2014. In addition, songbirds’ abundance decreased steadily during the same period, except that of the ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) and wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) in Miles Wildlife Sanctuary. The results from the Mann-Whitney U test have shown that after sex- and age-controlled features, the physical conditions of the three selective songbirds – veery (Catharus fuscescens), ovenbird, and wood thrush – tend to be better in the Naugatuck State Forest than in the three non-fragmented forests – Sharon Audubon Society, Miles Wildlife Sanctuary, and Great Mountain Forest Species Variety. Given are recommendations on how to protect the shrubland habitat along powerline corridors and how to create the shrubland habitat in non-fragmented forests.
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Woodward, W. W. „Connecticut History Online . Created and maintained by the Connecticut Historical Society, the Connecticut State Library, the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center at the University of Connecticut, Mystic Seaport, and the New Haven Colony Historical Society. Reviewed Oct. 4, 2005.“ Journal of American History 92, Nr. 4 (01.03.2006): 1534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4486048.
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Markov, Zdravko, Ingrid Russell und Bill Eberle. „Report on the 29th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-29)“. AI Magazine 37, Nr. 4 (17.01.2017): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v37i4.2690.
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The 29th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-29) was held May 16-18, 2016, at the Hilton Key Largo Resort in Key Largo, Florida, USA. The conference events included invited speakers, special tracks, and presentations of papers, posters, and awards. The conference chair was Bill Eberle from Tennessee Technological University. The program co-chairs were Zdravko Markov from Central Connecticut State University and Ingrid Russell from the University of Hartford. The special track were coordinated by Vasile Rus from University of Memphis.
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Rus, Vasile, Zdravko Markov und Ingrid Russell. „Report on the Thirtieth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-30)“. AI Magazine 38, Nr. 3 (02.10.2017): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v38i3.2753.
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The 30th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-30) was held May 22–24, 2017, at the Hilton Marco Island Beach Resort and Spa in Marco Island, Florida, USA. The conference events included invited speakers, special tracks, and presentations of papers, posters, and awards. The conference chair was Ingrid Russell from the University of Hartford. The program cochairs were Vasile Rus from The University of Memphis and Zdravko Markov from Central Connecticut State University. The special tracks were coordinated by Keith Brawner from the Army Research Laboratory.
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Brawner, Keith, Vasile Rus, Roman Barták und Zdravko Markov. „Report on the Thirty-First International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-31)“. AI Magazine 39, Nr. 4 (01.12.2018): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v39i4.2826.
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The Thirty-First International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-31) was held May 21-23, 2018, at the Crowne Plaza Oceanfront in Melbourne, Florida, USA. The conference events included invited speakers, special tracks, and presentations of papers, posters, and awards. The conference chair was Zdravko Markov from Central Connecticut State University. The program co-chairs were Vasile Rus from the University of Memphis and Keith Brawner from the Army Research Laboratory. The special tracks were coordinated by Roman Barták from Charles University in Prague.
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Crouch, Eric. „Man and Machine“. British Journal of Psychiatry 159, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1991): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000031962.
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Medical Technology and Society: An interdisciplinary Perspective is published by the MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (£15,95 (pb), £26.95 (hb), 571 pp., 1990). Its publication is sponsored by the Affred P. Sloan Foundation as part of a New Liberal Arts Program for undergraduates. The authors, Joseph D. Bronzino, Vincent H. Smith and Maurice L Wade, are university teachers-Bronzino and Wade at Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, and Vincent Smith is Professor at Montana State University.
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Burkhard, Daniel. „Integration through Land Improvement“. International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 3, Nr. 2 (28.03.2015): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.485.
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Internal colonization in Switzerland is often seen in connection with the battle for cultivation in the Second World War, but the history of internal colonization in Switzerland is more complex. The food crisis in the First World War formed the horizon of experience for various actors from industry, consumer protection, the urban population and agriculture to start considering practical strategies for managing agricultural production. In this way, traditional spaces, such as rural and urban areas and economic roles, such as food producer, consumer and trader, overlapped and were newly conceived to some extent: people started thinking about utopias and how a modern society could be designed to be harmonious and resistant to crisis. The aim of this article is to trace some of the key points in this process for the interwar years in neutral Switzerland. In the process, the focus must be on the context of people’s mentalities in the past, although the relationships between the actors of internal colonization and the state also need to be considered. Internal colonization in Switzerland in the twentieth century can be understood as an open process. In principle, the project was driven by private actors, but in times of crisis, the project was claimed by the state as a possible tool for social and economic intervention. In addition, as a result of the planned dissolution of urban and rural spaces, it will be shown that modern societies in the interwar period were on an existential search to overcome the problems of the modern age. Internal colonization can therefore be seen as an attempt to find a third way between a world characterized by an agrarian society and a modern industrial nation.
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Wolford, Wendy. „State-Society Dynamics in Contemporary Brazilian Land Reform“. Latin American Perspectives 43, Nr. 2 (05.02.2016): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x15623768.
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Over the past 15 years, land reform has returned from the “dustbin of history” to serve again as a viable policy option. Much has been written about its resurgence, with the research tending to focus narrowly on the role of prices, policies, and politics in shaping the design and outcome of distribution. While these are necessary elements to understand, their reification neglects the critical element of process. Land reform programs are implemented by an array of government actors and negotiated on the ground by beneficiaries, social movement activists, large farmers, and the general public. A messy assemblage of actors and interests shapes both the design and the outcome of distribution. Qualitative analysis of the federal agency in charge of land reform in Brazil, the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform—INCRA), reveals that, in the context of increased citizen participation and reduced funding, the agency must work together with social movement activists to perform its task. The analysis suggests that the study of state-society relations today requires a new vocabulary that highlights substance and process rather than form.Nos últimos 15 anos, a reforma agrária foi resgatada do arquivo histórico para servir como opção políticamente viável. Muito se tem escrito sobre essa restauração. Pesquisas têm concentrado atenção no papel de preços, legislação e política no desenho e resultado da distribuição. Ainda que seja necessário entender esses elementos, sua ratificação ignora os elementos críticos do processo. Programas de reforma agrária são implementados por uma variedade de atores governamentais e negociados por beneficiários, ativistas de movimentos sociais, grandes agricultores e pelo público em geral. Um mosaico desengonçado de atores e interesses dão forma tanto ao desenho quanto ao resultado da distribuição. Análise qualitativa da agência federal responsável pela reforma agrária no Brasil, o Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), revela que, no contexto de maior participação de cidadãos e de recursos reduzidos, é importante que a agência atue coordenadamente com ativistas de movimentos sociais para desempenhar seu papel. A análise sugere que o estudo das relações entre sociedade e Estado hoje exige um novo vocabulário que acentue mais a importância de substância e processo do que da forma.
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Egerton, Douglas R., und Amos J. Beyan. „The American Colonization Society and the Creation of the Liberian State: A Historical Perspective, 1822-1900“. Journal of the Early Republic 11, Nr. 4 (1991): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3123374.
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Gershoni, Yekutiel, und Amos J. Beyan. „The American Colonization Society and the Creation of the Liberian State: A Historical Perspective, 1822-1900“. International Journal of African Historical Studies 26, Nr. 2 (1993): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219564.
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Khodjakov, Mikhail V. „The Manchurian Agricultural Society and Attempts to Establish a Colonization Bank in 1914-1915“. RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, Nr. 3 (15.12.2020): 673–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-3-673-683.
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Based on materials from the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East and a number of other sources, the present article examines the activities of the Manchurian Agricultural Society (MAS). Founded in Harbin in 1912, MAS was actively involved in the developing of fertile land along the SinoEastern Railway (Kitaisko-vostochnaia zheleznaya doroga) strip. As the article points out, the leadership of the Company also came up with plans for the colonization of Northern Manchuria, the territory of which belonged to China. So far historians never considered the activities of MAS from this angle; MAS has so far been credited with the role of a conductor of Russian agricultural knowledge, through training specialists for agriculture in Manchuria and offering agro-technical education to the population living along the Sino-East Railway. Until Russia entered the First World War, MAS had some chances of obtaining support for its project in commercial and industrial circles, which were interested in strengthening Russian influence in northeast China. The author notes that serious adjustments in the activities of MAS were due to changes in the international political situation in 1914-1915. Circles in the Russian government were interested in maintaining friendly relations with their eastern neighbors, China and Japan. It is shown that in the changing political environment, without receiving support from the Russian government and the Governor-General of the Amur Province, the Company was able to redirect its activities. Its leadership concentrated on trying to create a special Colonization Society and a subsidizing Colonization Bank, whose funds were to be composed of shares, bonds, and treasury subsidies. The goal of this new Society and the Bank was to support Russia's economic undertakings in the Far East - the organization of agricultural and industrial enterprises, and the provision of financial and technical assistance to them. However, the First World War, which went very badly for Russia, did not allow for a realization of these plans. The problems of the colonization of the region were not resolved.
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González Cubero, Josefina, und Alba Zarza Arribas. „The built memory: presenting the colonization villages in Spain by the newsreel of State NO-DO.“ SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196310001.
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The newsreel of State used to show to Spanish society a determined image of architecture, conditioned by the political needs of Franco’s Regime. In this case, the subject of the cinematographic image of villages of colonization of the Tagus valley as presented by the NO-DO newsreel (Noticiarios y Documentales Cinematográficos) is studied. NO-DO was originally created as a propaganda tool and an instrument for the diffusion of “specially relevant” news from that time period. The analysis of the architecture built by the National Institute of Colonization (INC) and showed in different editions of the newsreel allowed us to understand the ideological approach made by the Regime to the Spanish countryside, through the model of colonization of the territory, and how building was used as propaganda. The urban model proposed was defined by civic centres –usually square-shaped-, and church towers as urban milestones set in the landscape. For this reason, politic demonstrations in the representative public spaces of villages, through the delivering of houses and rural property to settlers, incorporated the context and living conditions in which new villages were built. At the same time, the visits to irrigation farms, new irrigation canals, and hydraulic and hydroelectric infrastructures exemplify the agrarian and irrigation policies during the autarchy, whereas in the next decades, and because of the economic and social development of the countryside, news about reservoirs were just referred to sports and leisure activities. Therefore, these cinematographic images of buildings, irrigation policies and the modernization of rural landscape presented in cinemas through the NO-DO newsreel are relevant, since they build a collective memoryof the architecture and engineering of that time. They also document the social, politic and economic role that the creation of Spanish villages of colonization at river basins had, specifically in one of the biggest rivers, the Tagus.
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Tessier, Olivier. „Colonial Misrepresentation of the “Tea Revolution” in the Province of Phú Thọ (Tonkin), 1920-1945“. Annales (English ed.) 68, Nr. 01 (März 2013): 167–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000352.
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The colonization of the land that is now Vietnam and the establishment of a French protectorate in Tonkin in the late nineteenth century led to new methods of agricultural production and new means of exploiting natural resources. This article examines this evolution by focusing on the endogenous and spontaneous movement of colonization that developed “illegally” during the first half of the twentieth century and which concerned several villages located in the hills of two districts in Phú Thọ province. A comparison of archival sources produced by the protectorate authorities with the testimonials recorded by former colonist-planters and their descendants reveals how the colonial state manipulated and falsified information in order to subsequently claim ownership of this colonial movement, which transformed the region’s environment, society, and economy.
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Muhtamar, Syafruddin, Maskawati Maskawati, Arqam Azikin, Andriani M und A. Pangerang Moenta. „LEGAL PLURALISM AND COMMUNITY CHANGES: A REVIEW OF LEGAL PLURALISM INTEGRATION SYSTEM“. TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL 1, Nr. 1 (28.01.2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v1i1.18330.
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The system of Eastern nations’ people lives is characteristic of Eastern cultures. Indonesia is a nation that also reflects these characteristics, in social and legal systems. Pre-colonization, the Indonesian people has been living in a pluralistic legal system, both in religious or customcharacterized systems. Until now, the both characteristic being a living law system inherited in history. The presence of colonization changed the model and the basic characteristics of the nation into a modern society with the west-styled colonial legal system. These western-modern systems continued post-independence and became the main pillar of development to change people lives. Therein the basic problem of the national legal system, that is legal pluralistic of society to be helpless in front of the hegemonic system of state law. Community changes in legal pluralism can occur if the contribution of living law systems (religion and customs) extends, without being sub-system or supporting or complementary of state law system. Hegemonic dominance of state law must continue to loosened, so that a free space of contribution for nation culturebased people legal system increasingly wider. Therefore, the legal pluralism integration system is important to establish in the national life. The paradigm of this system is a legal pluralism and its operation is integration of living law system with state law within the spirit and scope of legal pluralism. Thus, the purpose of this article are to analyze and determine the extent of relevance the concept of legal pluralism in the national development process concerned with a diversity of Indonesian culture.
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Цинцадзе, Нина. „Природные условия внутренней колонизации России в осмыслении М. К. Любавского и проблемы пространственного развития страны“. История и современность, Nr. 4 (30.12.2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30884/iis/2023.04.03.
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The article analyzes the concept of academician M. K. Lyubavsky about the peculiarities of the colonization of Russian territory through a natural-geographical focus. It is noted that it was one of the theories of historical development, among which special attention was paid to the natural factors of the genesis of political and socio-economic forms of society. M. K. Lyubavsky developed and clarified the views of S. M. Solov’yev, V. O. Klyuchevsky and a number of foreign scientists about the influence of natural and climatic conditions of historical progress, providing them with original reasoning based on specific historical and geographical studies of the state-territorial evolution of Russia in the 19th – early 20th centuries. In particular, he advanced the idea of the internal, natural colonization of the country by Slavic ethnic groups, their settlement in Northern Eurasia in places with sufficient natural resources for economic management, which led to an uneven distribution of the population throughout the country, an extensive economy and depletion of natural resources. The scientific value and relevance of the historian's reflections in the light of state long-term planning for the spatial development of Russia is emphasized. In addition, the paper focuses on the rationality of the practical implementation of the ideas of co-evolutionary development of nature and society, which has the potential to relieve socio-natural tension through rational environmental management.
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Peebles, Patrick. „Colonization and Ethnic Conflict in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka“. Journal of Asian Studies 49, Nr. 1 (Februar 1990): 30–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058432.
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Sri lanka's inability to contain ethnic violence as it escalated from sporadic terrorism to mob violence to civil war in recent years has disheartened observers who had looked to the nation as a success story of social and political development. In retrospect, Sri Lanka lacked effective local institutions to integrate the society, and the Sinhalese elite relied on welfare and preferential policies for the Sinhalese majority to maintain power. These alienated the minorities and resulted in Tamil demands for a separate state. This article documents one of the more intractable areas in which ethnic conflict has arisen, land “colonization.” Both major parties competed for the votes of the Sinhalese, but the creation of agricultural settlements in the undeveloped interior of the island, or colonization, is associated primarily with the United National Party (UNP). During the UNP government of recently retired President Junius Richard Jayewardene (1977–88), both the level of violence and the pace of colonization in the Dry Zone between the Sinhalese and Tamil majority areas increased.
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Leibo, Steven A., Abraham D. Kriegel, Roger D. Tate, Raymond J. Jirran, Bullitt Lowry, Sanford Gutman, Thomas T. Lewis et al. „Book Reviews“. Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 12, Nr. 2 (05.05.1987): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.12.2.28-47.
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David K. Dunaway and Willa K. Baum, eds. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Nashville: American Assocation for State and Local History, 1984. Pp. xxiii, 436. Paper, $17.95 ($16.15 to AASLH members); cloth $29.50 ($26.95 to AASLH members). Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. Salo W. Baron. The Contemporary Relevance of History: A Study in Approaches and Methods. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 158. Cloth, $30.00; Stephen Vaughn, ed. The Vital Past: Writings on the Uses of History. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1985. Pp. 406. Paper, $12.95. Review by Michael T. Isenberg of the United States Naval Academy. Howard Budin, Diana S. Kendall and James Lengel. Using Computers in the Social Studies. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1986. Pp. vii, 118. Paper, $11.95. Review by Francis P. Lynch of Central Connecticut State University. David F. Noble. Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. xviii, 409. Paper, $8.95. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. Alan L. Lockwood and David E. Harris. Reasoning with Democratic Values: Ethical Problems in United States History. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1985. Volume 1: Pp. vii, 206. Paper, $8.95. Volume 2: Pp. vii, 319. Paper, $11.95. Instructor's Manual: Pp. 167. Paper, $11.95. Review by Robert W. Sellen of Georgia State University. James Atkins Shackford. David Crocketts: The Man and the Legend. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1986. Pp. xxv, 338. Paper, $10.95. Review by George W. Geib of Butler University. John R. Wunder, ed. At Home on the Range: Essays on the History of Western Social and Domestic Life. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. Pp. xiii, 213. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard N. Ellis of Fort Lewis College. Sylvia R. Frey and Marian J. Morton, eds. New World, New Roles: A Documentary History of Women in Pre-Industrial America. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. ix, 246. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Elizabeth Roberts. A Woman's Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women, 1890-1940. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. vii, 246. Paper, $12.95. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. Steven Ozment. When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. viii, 283. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $7.50. Review by Sanford Gutman of State University of New York, College at Cortland. Geoffrey Best. War and Society in Revolutionary Europe, 1770-1870. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 336. Paper, $9.95; Brian Bond. War and Society in Europe, 1870-1970. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 256. Paper, $9.95. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Edward Norman. Roman Catholicism in England: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Second Vatican Council. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 138. Paper, $8.95; Karl F. Morrison, ed. The Church in the Roman Empire. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 248. Cloth, $20.00; Paper, $7.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Keith Robbins. The First World War. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. 186. Paper, $6.95; J. M. Winter. The Great War and the British People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. xiv, 360. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Roger D. Tate of Somerset Community College. Gerhardt Hoffmeister and Frederic C. Tubach. Germany: 2000 Years-- Volume III, From the Nazi Era to the Present. New York: The Ungar Publishing Co., 1986. Pp. ix, 279. Cloth, $24.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Judith M. Brown. Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 429. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $12.95. Review by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College.
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Vallabhaneni, Snigdha, Matthew Zahn, Erin Epson, Kathleen ODonnell, Sam Horwich-Scholefield, Richard Brooks, Elisabeth Vaeth et al. „2449. Early Detection of Candida auris is Essential to Control Spread: Four Effective Active Surveillance Strategies“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S846—S847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2127.
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Abstract Background C. auris has been identified from > 1600 US patients. Risk factors include high-acuity post-acute care admissions (e.g., long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs)), hospitalization abroad, and carbapenemase-producing organism (CPO) colonization. Early detection of C. auris is key to controlling spread. We describe four active surveillance strategies that led to early C. auris identification. Methods Based on known risk factors, state health departments used active C. auris surveillance strategies: (1) species identification of yeast from urine cultures from LTACHs, (2) screening patients with a CPO and hospitalization abroad, (3) LTACH C. auris point prevalence surveys (PPS), or (4) admission screening in acute and long-term care settings. Results (1)A laboratory in Southern California serving 12 LTACHs began species identification for all Candida from urine cultures, which would have otherwise been discarded because they are assumed to be not clinically significant. Within 5 months, testing of 271 Candida urine isolates identified the region’s first C. auris case, prompting contact tracing and identification of additional cases and facilities. (2) When CPOs were identified in patients with recent hospitalizations outside of the United States, the Maryland Department of Health screened patients for C.auris colonization. Of four screened, one, who received care in Kenya, was C. auris colonized. (3) The Indiana State Department of Health implemented monthly PPS at an LTACH that frequently admits patients transferred from a high prevalence area. Of 38 patients screened, two were colonized. (4) The Connecticut Department of Public Health offers C. auris admission screening for patients who received inpatient care in high prevalence areas; of 12 screened, one C. auris colonized patient was found. Infection control assessments and implementation of infection control measures followed each detection. Conclusion Early detection of C. auris is important but is impacted by infrequent yeast species identification and a reservoir of asymptomatic colonized patients. Healthcare facilities and public health jurisdictions can consider adopting one or more of these strategies based on epidemiology and resource availability. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Jones, Sydney, Meghan Maloney, Anu Paranandi, Dana Pepe, Elizabeth Nazarian, Shannon Morris, Wagner Christine, Janine Bodnar, Kailee Cummings und Vivian Leung. „Interfacility Spread of OXA-23–Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter—Connecticut, 2018–2019“. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (Oktober 2020): s304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.887.
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Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterium, can cause difficult-to-treat infections with mortality in approximately half of CRAB cases. CRAB can spread among healthcare facilities after transfer of an infected or colonized patient. Strategies to limit CRAB spread include adherence to contact precautions, environmental cleaning with bleach, and screening to identify colonized patients. During July–September 2018, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) worked with an acute-care hospital (hospital A) to contain an outbreak of OXA-23–producing CRAB (OXA-23 is an enzyme that confers resistance to carbapenems). During November 2018–March 2019, statewide CRAB surveillance identified additional cases of related OXA-23–producing CRAB at other healthcare facilities. DPH, Connecticut State Public Health Laboratory (SPHL), and the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network (ARLN) investigated to prevent additional cases. Methods: Since January 2017, CRAB isolates have been routinely sent to SPHL and ARLN for carbapenemase gene detection and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to determine isolate relatedness. During November 2018–March 2019, DPH collected patient healthcare history for patients with CRAB isolates to identify outbreaks and provide assistance in infection control and prevention to healthcare facilities reporting CRAB cases. Beginning May 2019, DPH and ARLN offered facilities screening to identify patients colonized with OXA-23–producing CRAB. Results: Of 10 OXA-23–producing CRAB isolates reported to DPH during November 2018–March 2019, 3 were closely related to the 9 isolates from hospital A’s outbreak by WGS (single-nucleotide polymorphism difference range, 1–16). One isolate was from a patient who had been admitted to hospital A during July 2018. All 3 patients with CRAB isolates shared a history of residence at long-term–care facility A (LTCF A). Two patients received a CRAB infection diagnosis upon admission to hospital B after transfer from LTCF A. Both LTCF A and hospital B performed environmental cleaning with bleach and placed CRAB-identified patients on contact precautions. LTCF A declined screening patients for CRAB, whereas hospitals B and C, which receive frequent transfers from LTCF A, screened all patients on admission from LTCF A. During May–September 2019, among 6 patients screened, 1 was colonized with OXA-23–producing CRAB and was placed on contact precautions. Conclusions: Transfer of patients who are infected or colonized with CRAB among hospitals and LTCFs can facilitate the regional spread of CRAB. Strategies for containing the spread of carbapenemase-producing organisms include adherence to contact precautions, colonization screening, interfacility communication, and collaboration with public health.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Nguyễn, Lan-Húóng, und Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation. „Pequot Warriors Combating Paper Genocide: How the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation Uses Education to Resist Cultural Erasure“. Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography 10, Nr. 1 (12.02.2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/jue.v10i1.9945.
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This paper analyzes the southeastern Connecticut Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation’s battle with cultural erasure and resistance through education. Indigenous education programs are gradual yet the most effective method of resisting Western cultural erasure from the United States government, because they peacefully invite both Natives and non-Natives to learn about Native American history outside of European colonizer textbooks. The Tribe battles the erasure that can result from external parties’ ability to grant state or federal titles recognizing tribal authority (known as recognition titles) to determine who receives the powerful stamp of Indigeneity and the right to self- govern. My case study focuses on the Eastern Pequots Archaeology Field School project in collaboration with University of Massachusetts, Boston. I evaluate how the Eastern Pequots use a collaborative archaeology education program with their Tribal members and non-Native individuals to resist erasure by decolonizing Western pedagogy. The Field School has gathered over 99,000 artifacts over 15 seasons that dismantle common misconceptions of how Native Americans lived during the beginning of the United States’ history and redefine modern beliefs about how Natives survived European colonization. The Field School contributes to expanding brief descriptions of Native history into a more complicated and dynamic story that elaborates on Native struggle, survival and resistance.
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Dubman, Edward. „Southeastern “frontier” of European Russia in the middle of the 17th – early of the 18th centuries“. Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, Nr. 182 (2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-182-151-159.
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We consider the colonization specifics of the Southeastern European Russia in the middle of the 17th – early of the 18th centuries. Based on the set of sources study we show the interaction between the state and various groups of Russian society in this process. The original statement is that in terms of its basic characteristics, the development of the southeastern and southern bor-ders of the country was a single process, but had its own specifics for individual regions. The fea-tures of the Southeast were: the complex ethnic and confessional composition of the indigenous population, the presence of historical memory of former statehood among some residents, as well as a number of other factors. We conclude that the use of traditional in Russian historiography colonization theory methods is not enough to study this problem. It is necessary to use new ap-proaches and, in particular, the frontier theory, adapted for the Russian reality of the period under consideration.
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Polak, Andrzej. „East or West? Conflict of (hostile) narratives in Petersburg by Andrei Bely“. Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 49, Nr. 1 (11.06.2024): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2024.49.1.12.
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In this article, Andrei Bely’s novel Petersburg is analyzed in terms of the clash of two hostile narratives – Eastern and Western – that have shaped Russian statehood from the rule of Tsar Peter I. The presence of solutions associated with the West, in the history of Russia, as well as in the social and political system of the Russian state, is considered to be the result of a kind of self-colonization and internal colonization. The author of the article, drawing on terminology developed in post-colonial research, highlights the tensions existing within Russian society at the beginning of the 20th century, which translate into internal divisions in the main characters of the work, in particular the senator Apollon Ableukhov and his son Nikolay. Although they both appear to belong to Western civilization and culture, they in fact pave the way for the victory of a chaos of Eastern provenance, which culminates in the Russian revolutions of the early 20th century.
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Jones, Elizabeth B. „Keeping Up with the Dutch“. International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 3, Nr. 2 (28.03.2015): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.482.
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Elizabeth B. Jones is Associate Professor of German and European history at Colorado State University. Her recent publications explore state-led initiatives to ‘improve’ the German countryside with special emphasis on peat bog reclamation and colonization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and how poor rural Germans embraced, adapted, or rejected these endeavors. Previous publications include Gender and Rural Modernity: Farm Women and the Politics of Labor in Germany, 1871–1933 (Ashgate, 2009) and articles on gender and generational conflicts and agrarian politics in Imperial and Weimar Germany. In 2010–2011, she was a Fellow at the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society in Munich and in 2015–2016, she will be on research leave in Berlin. E-mail: elizabeth.jones@colostate.edu
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Gutgold, Ian. „Black Destiny in the Minds of Philadelphia Sailmaker James Forten and Liberian Governor Jehudi Ashmun“. Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 89, Nr. 4 (2022): 580–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.89.4.0580.
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ABSTRACT This article examines the divergent responses of Philadelphia sailmaker James Forten (1766–1842) and Liberian governor Jehudi Ashmun (1794–1828) to the question of the destiny of African-descended people in the United States. Forten, a leader in the African American community, came to oppose the American Colonization Society’s plans to promote Black emigration to Liberia. Ashmun, a White teacher and editor from New York state, played a significant role in establishing the colony. Although the two men never met, they led intertwined lives and stood enmeshed in rival transatlantic communication networks transmitting information about conditions in the young settlement. Central to understanding their opposing positions on the possibility and desirability of a biracial society are their contrasting conceptions of the “degraded state” of African Americans.
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Kraich, Michael. „The Chilling Realities of the Telecommuting Tax: Adapting Twentieth Century Policies for Twenty-First Century Technologies“. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 15, Nr. 2 (21.08.2015): 224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2015.167.
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The U.S. Tax Code has become so confusing and complex that tax professionals have gone from being a luxury to a necessity. Compound this complexity with the added layer of intricacy found at the state level and this already complex system becomes a labyrinth. While society has favored technological advances, the tax system has not. In particular, telecommuters have found themselves in a sort of limbo – working from home while sometimes simultaneously “working” at their employer’s location. This Note focuses on how this hypothetical of the 1980’s is today a reality, and how the courts of select states have approached this new paradigm. Specifically, this Note elaborates on the positions taken by New York and New Jersey, both major commuting states who have issued relating decisions, as well as what these decisions mean for residents of neighboring states like Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Finally, this Note advocates for uniformity between states, praises existing state policies such as Pennsylvania and New Jersey's, among others, and hopes to revive proposed unifying legislation in light of recent cases.
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Drange, Live Danbolt. „What Does Decolonisation Mean in Bolivia in Relation to the Position of Religion in the Country’s New Legislation and the New Curriculum?“ Mission Studies 32, Nr. 1 (10.04.2015): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341382.
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The article discusses challenges and obstacles in creating intercultural dialogue and coexistence across religious and cultural boundaries in a society that is ethnically and culturally multi-dimensional. Bolivian society has always been multicultural and multi-ethnic with a majority of indigenous peoples. The Roman Catholic Church has since colonization officially been dominating religious life and political power while evangelical churches have been growing considerably during the last decades. The majority of indigenous peoples have historically been oppressed by an elite of Spanish descent. In the last few decades there has been an ethnic revitalizing and indigenous representatives have for the first time in history gained positions in the government. They have taken an active part in the rewriting of the Constitution and an education act intending to create a more just and equal society under the slogan “decolonize the state”. A new Constitution and Education Act are establishing that the state is secular and that it guarantees freedom of religion and belief at the same time as it is marked by Andean spirituality. This spirituality and the position of religion in society and in education have been topics of controversy in the process of constructing new legislation. In the discussion the Catholic Church, evangelical Christians and indigenous participants advocating traditional Andean spirituality have been participating. I will look in to possible consequences of this Andeanization especially concerning the children’s religious upbringing.
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Moten, Abdul Rashid. „MALAYSIA AS AN ISLAMIC STATE: A POLITICAL ANALYSIS“. TAFHIM: IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 1, Nr. 2 (30.09.2015): 1–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56389/tafhim.vol1no2.1.
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Is Malaysia an Islamic State? The legitimacy for this question is derived from the fact that Islam serves as a core element of Malay identity and culture and that traditionally in the Malays states, almost all aspects of government were rooted in Islamic sources and principles and were cloaked with an aura of religious sanctity. Islam was a source of legitimacy for sultans, who assumed the role of head of religion, defenders of faith, and the guardians of Islamic and customary law, education, and values. With colonization, the Shari' ah became subservient to British legal codes and enactments and the sultans were subjected to the control of British Residents and Advisers. The integral relationship of Islam to politics, law, and society was suppressed by the colonial government, which also restricted the juristic, political and philosophical discourse pertaining to an Islamic political order. With the departure of the British and the coming of independence in 1957, the question of the Islamic identity of Malaya and later the Malaysian state resurfaced. There emerged a good deal of discussion on the desirability of an Islamic political order which eventually culminated, especially among an increasing segment of the Malay-Muslim community, with the call for the establishment of an Islamic state in Malaya/Malaysia.
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Mankova, Irina L. „THE TOBOLSK BISHOP’S HOUSE AS THE ACTOR OF THE COLONIZATION OF SIBERIA IN THE 17TH CENTURY“. Ural Historical Journal 74, Nr. 1 (2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-1(74)-82-91.
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In the course of the development of Siberia the Russians created an authentic “living space” on the colonized lands, relying on their religious traditions and practices. The article shows the role of the Tobolsk bishop’s house in the formation of the socio-cultural environment in the territory under development in accordance with the norms of the Christian way of life. The “bishop’s house” is understood as a regional institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, which organized and controlled the spiritual sphere of the life of the local society. The Siberian diocese was created in 1620. The bishops used the centuries-old experience of the Russian Orthodox Church and, at the same time, responded to specific “challenges”. These “challenges” were associated with the huge scale of the controlled territory and its considerable remoteness from the center, the lack of priests and their doubtful moral appearance, peculiarities of the sex composition of the first Russian settlers, disagreements with secular administrations on the issue of power-sharing. The main concern of the 17th century Siberian bishops was the maintenance of the moral state of society, regularization of the church sphere, as well as anxiety about the population of Siberia, including the indigenous people. During the 17th century a system of the diocesan administration was created. The regional features of this system were expressed in the variety of principles for the division on the tithe districts and the replacement rates of secular decals by spiritual customers (representatives of the white and black priests). The church court of the law, organized by the Tobolsk bishop’s house, was an important tool for curbing “disorder” both among the clergy and in the secular community. The Orthodox landscape was formed on the territory under its jurisdiction to satisfy the spiritual needs of the local society. By the end of the 17th century, there were about 225 churches in the diocese, including monasteries. Most of them were located in Western Siberia, which was the most developed part of the diocese and closest to its center. The problem of providing parishes with priests was solved, and widely revered regional shrines appeared. The christianization of the indigenous population was carried out mainly by the forces of the monasteries. Using various forms of the influence on the society, the Tobolsk bishop’s house exerted a great influence on the religious and moral condition of the local society and became one of the leading actors in the colonization process.
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Anyanwu, Ogechi E. „Crime and Justice in Postcolonial Nigeria: The Justifications and Challenges of Islamic Law of Shari'ah“. Journal of Law and Religion 21, Nr. 2 (2006): 315–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400005646.
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Nowhere, in recent times, has the question of the Islamic Law of Shari’ah produced such a crescendo of concern, posed such a challenge to the prevailing justice system, as in Nigeria. In "modern" societies, the criminal justice system not only produces social solidarity by reaffirming the society's bond and its adherence to certain norms, but also serves to legitimize the political authority of the state. In the postcolonial pluralistic society of Nigeria, the criminal justice system has been fundamentally influenced by the ascendancy of Western penology. During the era of European colonization of Africa, existing systems of justice were suppressed; in Nigeria's case, by the British imperial power. Predictably, the British system of justice clashed with the indigenous systems. Nowhere is this historical conflict more manifest than in the ongoing challenge Shari’a has posed to the Nigerian state. Shari’ah was an incendiary issue during the colonial period (1900-60) in Nigeria, and has continued to challenge the classical view of the modern state ever since. This challenge has reshaped Nigeria's postcolonial criminal justice system. Here religion, politics, and society intersect, shedding light on the arrival, reactions, and crises of modernity, themes that run through the Shari’ah controversy like interwoven threads.
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McKee, Alannis, und Sean Arthur Hillier. „The Northwest Territories Residential Southern Placement Program: Dislocation and Colonization through ‘Care’“. International Journal of Indigenous Health 15, Nr. 1 (05.11.2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v15i1.33909.
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This research traces colonialism and neoliberalism as foundational architecture to health policy in Canada that seeks to erase Indigeneity and disability and secure the dominance of a White settler able-bodied state. This is accomplished through critical analysis of the Residential Southern Placement Program, a health policy from the Northwest Territories, Canada. Residential Southern Placements are contractual agreements made between the Northwest Territories Department of Health and Social Services and service agencies from southern provinces to provide ‘care’ to territorial residents with a disability whose needs—according to the Department of Health and Social Services—cannot be met within the territory. We explore how the ostensibly neutral health policy Residential Southern Placements becomes enacted as a violent intervention of erasure that specifically targets hundreds of Indigenous Peoples with cognitive disabilities-- as evidenced through data collected by a Freedom of Information Request-- through long-term and, at times, lifelong dislocation from families, communities, and land. In this analysis we position the Residential Southern Placement Program as an intervention that aims to uphold and safeguard a White settler able-bodied vision of Canadian society. This research highlights an ongoing colonial practice with important implications for disability studies and Indigenous health researchers.
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Trocha, Bogdan, und Wojciech Charchalis. „Contextos mitopéicos da prosa de Mia Couto nos romances Varanda do Frangipani, O Último Voo do Flamingo e Terra Sonâmbula“. Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 50, Nr. 2 (05.10.2023): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2023.50.2.6.
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This paper presents an analysis of mythopoeic elements in three novels by Mia Couto. Starting from Mircea Eliade’s definition of myth, we look for elements of the Living Cosmos with its axis mundi, centre and periphery, chaos and harmony and quest in the novels. Such structure of the analysis allows us to consider the cultural colonization and decolonization of contemporary Mozambique. We conclude that the analysis of the mythopoetic schema in Mia Couto’s novels demonstrates a crisis of cultural harmony in the contemporary Mozambican state and nation. On the other hand, however, the mythopoetic reveals a horizon of cultural and traditional models of persistence that save not only from chaos but above all from the dehumanization of society.
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Jaan, Muhammad Tahir. „Secularism and its Evolution in Muslim Society: A Research Study“. ĪQĀN 1, Nr. 02 (30.06.2019): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v1i02.54.
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The concept of Secularism came to the Muslim world after Renaissance. Historically, the initial thoughts on the subject are found in the teachings of Greek Philosophers like Epicurus and Zeno. It was at first a discussion regarding the separation of religion and the state, the scientific advancements and the regime system in Modern Europe. Religion was considered as an obstacle by the West in their progress on the basis of reason and inquiry. Adaptation of secular approach helped the western countries to flourish in material fields. In Islamic world, secularism was not seen as a threat for religion before the twentieth century. Under colonization of many Muslim countries and particularly after the demise of Ottoman Empire which paved way to abolish Caliphate, the Muslim states adopted various western secular laws. Moreover, the Muslim countries went under heavy debts taken from European countries. They relied on foreign advisors and western education system for progress. The concept regarding the authority of Caliph changed. During the twentieth century, Muslim countries suffered politically and their geographical frontiers were changed. It created a kind of revolution in Muslim states. Revival of religious authority in modern political Muslim states is visible in central eastern countries during the last fifty years.
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Vaupot, Sonia. „The Relationship between the State and the Church in Vietnam through the History of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris“. Bogoslovni vestnik 79, Nr. 3 (2019): 825–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34291/bv2019/03/vaupot.
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Religion and the Catholic Church have played an important role in Vietnamese history. The article examines the development of the Catholic Church in Vietnam, from the 17th Century to the 20th Century, based on reports published by the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris (M.E.P.) who contributed to the evangelization of many Asian countries. In this contribution, we will highlight the work and the development of the M.E.P through their reports. We will also focus on the relationship between the states who played a specific role in the history of the Catholic Church in Vietnam, from the creation of the M.E.P. until the period of post-colonization, with specific reference to the attitude of different states throughout the history of Vietnam. The survey of the activities of Catholics in Vietnam suggests that French missionaries were well organized and proactive throughout the centuries, and that the adoption of Christianity in Vietnam was achieved through cooperation between the M.E.P and the Vietnamese population.
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Wong, Kelvin. „Gareth Price, Language, society, and state: From colonization to globalization in Taiwan. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2018. Pp. 300. Hb. €100.“ Language in Society 49, Nr. 2 (April 2020): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004740451900112x.
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Soomro, Muhammad Akmal, und Mir Waheed Akhlaq. „British Indian Railways: The Economic Wheel of Colonization and Imperialism“. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, Nr. 3 (30.09.2023): 895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00282.
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The British Crown ruled in Sub-Continent for over two centuries, this was the era of darkness, slavery, the plundering of Indian resources, and ruthless economics & political policies. Indian land remained a consumer society and the producer of raw materials for the British Empire from the eighteen to the twentieth century, whereas, the vast and modern network of railways in India is considered to be Britain's greatest gift to the Indians. Undoubtedly, these railways have been an important means of transportation in India, but the British Colonizers did not build this system of railways in the public interest rather it was laid to serve the colonial interest. This research article identifies Britain’s strategic and economic interests in building railways in India. Construction of railways in India began in 1850 and European companies had been awarded contracts to build railway tracks, in return for the contracts, the companies were guaranteed five percent investment security. The companies were also given access to free land for 99 years and millions of pounds in fines were paid to the companies from the Indian exchequer for non-payment of guaranteed income. The main purpose of building the railway was to speed up the export of cotton, jute, iron, minerals, etc. from India to European countries, while from a strategic point of view, military equipment and supplies were also transferred by rail to military bases across India. This research paper explores how the railway track was built keeping in view the importance of military barracks. Under the British colonial policy, European companies invested heavily in the railways, but during 200 years of British rule, India's industrial growth rate fell from 3% to 10%. All the agreements made by the British colonizers with the railway companies were unilateral. The agreements provided financial benefits from the Indian treasury to companies. This research also reveals that India's railway network was built by the government through private companies, which included European capitalists and retired officers of the colonial army, who were having control over the London-based secretary of state of India. These companies were so powerful, that whenever the Government of India complained of a breach of contract and tried to end it, it was the Secretary of the state who rejected the decisions of the Governor-General of India. On the other hand, the expense for the construction of railways was £15000 more per mile than it was in the United States and Europe.
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Fadakinte, M. M. „The Struggle for Power in Post-Colonial Africa: Politics without Hegemony and the State.“ Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, Nr. 2 (28.02.2020): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.72.7765.
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Scholars have explained the implications of colonization on Africa, but none has explained the implications to include crisis of hegemony and crisis of state. That is the thrust of this paper, an explanation of how/why post-colonial Africa got enmeshed in violent struggle for power by factions of the dominant class soon after independence. In Africa, colonialism imposed capitalism and inverted the process of evolving a capitalist sate, which made the emerging dominant class, who were of different ethnic and tribal origins, to develop into factions. As a result, the dominant classes were made up of belligerent factions and therefore cannot institute hegemonic process which will be the way they will maintain a dominant culture through the use of social institutions to formalize power. Consequently, in post-colonial Africa, politics is without hegemony (leadership, domination and control) and a state (institution for order). And whenever people struggle for power without hegemony and the state, what emerges is chaos. Hence, post-colonial African countries boil each time there is competition for power. Thus, there is need to redefine state-society relations in post-colonial Africa, based on a new paradigm of state formation that will reflect their colonial experience.
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Brewster, Michele M. „A Californiana in Two Worlds“. Southern California Quarterly 102, Nr. 2 (2020): 101–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2020.102.2.101.
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Anita de la Guerra of Santa Barbara married Boston merchant Alfred Robinson in 1836. Taken to the East Coast the following year, she diligently pursued her education and she acculturated while retaining her own priorities, including a patriotic position on Mexican California opposed to her husband’s espousal of “American colonization.” She also facilitated East Coast educations for her children and several nephews that would enhance their opportunities in the new U.S. state of California. In 1852 she was finally able to reunite with her family and fit back into Californio society. The author bases this Californiana’s character and cultural agility on a cache of letters written by Anita de la Guerra, complemented by those written by Robinson and the de la Guerra family.
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Wai-Chung, Ho. „A Historical Review of Popular Music and Social Change in Taiwan“. Asian Journal of Social Science 34, Nr. 1 (2006): 120–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853106776150216.
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AbstractThis article considers the relationship between popular music and the power of the state through an analysis of the history of Taiwan and the settings within which popular music was constructed and transformed by contentious political and social groups in the twentieth century. The historical formation of Taiwanese society falls into three distinct stages: Japanese colonization between 1895 and 1945; the Kuomintang's (KMT) military rule between 1947 and 1987; and the period from the end of martial law in 1987 to the resurgence of Taiwanese consciousness in the early 2000s. The evolution of Taiwan's popular music has always been connected with the state's production of new ideologies in line with changing socio-political and economic conditions, and this music still embodies a functional social content.
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Lai, Tsz-him. „Christian Activism in the Hong Kong Pro-Democracy Movement: A History from 1984 to 2019“. Review of Religion and Chinese Society 10, Nr. 2 (11.06.2024): 228–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22143955-12340021.
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Abstract Churches in Hong Kong have served as contractors to the state since its British colonization. To secure their political and social privileges, these churches have often been fashioned into apologists for the state. This mentality was not widely challenged until the 1980s. Since the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, some Hong Kong church leaders, theologians, and laypeople have started to articulate a democratic vision for civil society. This paper employs the notion of “religious activism” as an analytical framework to examine the role of Hong Kong Christianity in the pro-democracy movement. The influential voices and actions of Christians in 1984, 1989, 2003, 2014, and 2019 are chronologically summarized. Each political event triggered divergent reflections on the political participation of Christians. This paper offers an analysis of genealogical narratives of Christian activism and offers a prediction on the future of this political participation, particularly under the imposition of the National Security Law.
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Sarsenbayeva, A., und I. Makarikhina. „Globalisation influence on higher education in Kazakhstan and Russia (on the example of Engineering University)“. E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 22010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021022010.
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Globalisation is a controversial issue in education in terms of its positive or negative impact. The given article presents the review of the existing literature with regard to the benefits that globalization brought to Kazakhstani and Russian higher education and some concerns arose. The authors of the article analyze such educational phenomena pluses as university autonomy, academic mobility, university rankings and English language proliferation. Substantial modernization of higher education content in accordance with the requirements of society and the state to the specialists’ education level, including foreign languages is necessary in the conditions of the economic, socio-political and social relations transformation. The revision of traditional paradigm in the general system of higher education is due to the objective need of society for an individual, aware and practically realizing his vocation and purpose in various types and international practice arising. Regarding the concerns that accompany the process of globalisation of higher education in Kazakhstan and Russia, the article considers and refutes the issues that come from the popularity of English language, the probability of colonization of Kazakhstani culture and brain drain.
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Pavlenko, Lyudmila. „Scientific Research on Czech Presence in Ukraine in the 1920s“. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 73, Nr. 1-2 (2022): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnph.2019.006.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse the scientific work on the study of Ukrainian Czechs in the 1920s. The body of work under analysis is found to highlight the reasons and premises for the growing interest in the state and society as driving issues of Czech colonization of Ukrainian lands. The research stems from the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, local scientists and historians, and public activists. The text deals with the Czech national-cultural revival in Ukraine in the 1920s, discussing the history, economic activity, culture, traditions, and lifestyle of Ukranian Czechs. A significant contribution to the work has been made by Volodymyr Kravchenko, Head of the Ethnographic Department of the Volhynia State Research Museum in Zhytomyr, and his assistant and postgraduate student Nykanor Dmytruk, as well as Kornii Cherviak, Director of the Korosten Museum, Antonín Vodseďálek, Head of the seminar for Czech teachers at the Zhytomyr Education Institute, Stefan Křižánek, writer and inventor from the village of Krošna Česká, and others. This work would not have been possible without the fundamental achievements of Yevhen Rykhlik, a prominent Ukrainian Slavic-scientist of Czech origin as well as a famous philologist, ethnologist, teacher and public figure. Rykhlik founded and directed the Cabinet of National Minorities of Ukraine, carried out a number of expeditions to Czech settlements, collected an archive of the Czech press, organised the collection of materials on Czech colonization of Ukrainian lands, and published scientific articles on the subject. He also contributed to the field with his monograph “Czechs of Volhynia”, which was destroyed in the early 1930s.
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Sussman, Gerald. „Systemic Propaganda as Ideology and Productive Exchange“. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 10, Nr. 2 (25.05.2012): 474–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v10i2.370.
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Abstract: Informed by the works of Marx and his progeny (Lukács, Gramsci, Althusser) as well as more recent marxian scholarship, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of ideology and propaganda in the production and circulation of commodities and in the informalization of the contemporary workplace, particularly in the context of the promotional economy, politics, and culture of the United States. The heightened functions of media and communication technologies mark the pinnacle expression of late capitalism—the production, reproduction and colonization of the sphere of consciousness as a necessary condition for the maintenance of the corporate state as it faces its most profound contradictions in production and governance. The central question is whether the present dialectic is leading to a more liberated commons or to a society of exploited prosumers in what Italian Autonomistas call the “social factory.”
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Antar, Guilherme Medeiros, Roberto Baptista Pereira Almeida, Marco Antonio Palomares Accardo-Filho und Rafael Gomes Barbosa-Silva. „Tracking Brazil’s Colonization Footprints: First record of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze – Theaceae) naturalized in the Atlantic Forest Hotspot“. Webbia 77, Nr. 1 (20.04.2022): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jopt-12854.
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The colonization of Brazil by Portugal left deep marks in Brazil’s current society and economy. The same applies to the country’s biodiversity, with several introduced plants persisting as naturalized or invasive species. Among these, the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, is a notable case. The species was first cultivated in Rio de Janeiro state during the 19th century, but the crops were later abandoned mostly due to the presence of parasite fungi in cultivations, so that the species’ cultivation continued in other states only. During recent fieldwork in the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, naturalized individuals of the tea plant were discovered. This finding, alongside ecological evidence, highlights a new threat to the biodiversity of an area of high species endemism. We provide historical information on the introduction of the species in Brazil and discuss the threats it imposes to the flora in a world hotspot. Our finding adds C. sinensis to the list of naturalized plants of Flora do Brasil 2020 and emphasizes the importance of monitoring the invasive potential of the species in the area, given its allelopathic potential on the germination of other species and competition with native plants.
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Dahiru Idriss, Ibrahim, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor, Adamu Abubakar Muhammad und Abubakar Idris Barde. „A Study on the Historical Development of Tsangaya System of Islamic Education in Nigeria: A Case Study of Yobe State“. UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies 9, Nr. 2 (28.06.2022): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/umran2022.9n2.553.
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This study aims to examine the concept of Islamic education and historical establishment of Tsangaya system of education in Nigeria and Yobe State in particular until present. Tsangaya refers to the informal school or place where teaching and learning of the glorious Qur’an and other Islamic sciences is taken place. The system otherwise called traditional Qur’anic school system, it has been in existence centuries prior to the British colonization as a source of moral guidance and educational training for the Muslim particularly in northern part of Nigeria. It has also contributed extremely to promoting Qur’anic education, inculcating self-discipline, spiritual growth of Muslim individuals and the communities respectively. The study employed a qualitative research approach that entails the techniques of documentation and interviews in collecting data while inductive approach to content analysis was utilized for data analysis. The outcome of this study reveals that Tsangaya system of education in northern Nigeria have developed rapidly since its establishment irrespective of some prevailing problems and they make a positive contribution on the society in terms of spiritual, moral and social wellbeing
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Purici, Ștefan. „Bucovina - metamorfozele unei provincii“. Analele Bucovinei 58, Nr. 2 (01.12.2022): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56308/ab/2022.2.01.
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"Central and Western European empiresʼ territorial expansions to the continentʼs south and east were accompanied by policies to modernize the economy and society of the annexed regions. Although locals bore the majority of the costs of the transition from the traditional to the liberal order, imperial authorities contributed to establishing adequate codes of law, creating a stimulating framework for social relations, and the improvement of relations between the state/monarchy and the subjects. The study reveals how placing a territory under multiple administrations causes changes not only in legal and economic terms but also in the ethno-demographic structure. In the situation of Bukovina, substantial colonization and immigration from within the empire, particularly from Galicia, had an impact on the province's ethnic composition. More significantly, the decrease in Romanians in the general population was the outcome of a policy of quantitative balancing of ethnic groups and the avoidance of such a situation in which one nationality numerically dominates the others and has political and electoral benefits. As a result, the picture of Bukovina society in 1918 was very different from that of 1775, and the twentieth-century extremism and world wars changed the character of Bukovina even more deeply. "
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Qutami, Mais. „Lalami’s Anomic World: (Dis)Engagement with Normlessness and Attempts at Recovery“. World Journal of English Language 14, Nr. 2 (28.12.2023): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n2p118.
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This article exposes the multi- faceted dimensions of anomie, Emile Durkheim’s highly controversial theory, and the way it applies to Laila Lalami’s novel Hope and Other Dangerous Pursuits (2005). This paper draws on Durkheim’s theory and aims at exploring the anomic world Lalami creates in her representation of Morocco during the postcolonial period and the impact of a state of normlessness on her characters’ experiences. Social norms have been blurred and common values and meanings have lost their significance and power to unite individuals due to economic difficulties, globalization, and colonization. The resulting instability and breakdown of ideals has left Lalami’s characters psychologically paralyzed and unsettled by emergent feelings of alienation, confusion, and an inability to deal with a period of cultural and social upheavals and a debilitated community. Eventually, they are forced to face a fractured society that lacks a sense of direction, a purpose in life, and the social cohesion that previously reinforced a collective conscience. The discussion mainly focuses on the disintegration of family and loss of a moral system that regulates society, and various attempts at recovery from such anomic conditions infiltrating Moroccan culture in Lalami’s novel.
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Chen, Yijing, und Yixuan Zou. „A Study of Donne's Poetry in Postcolonial Feminist Perspective: To His Mistress Going to Bed“. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 31 (27.04.2024): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajhrhb49.
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To His Mistress Going to Bed is a love poem by John Donne, a British metaphysical poet. The poem describes the process in which the male protagonist seduces the female protagonist. Most critics focus on the mystical metaphor of Donne as a poet, but lack attention to the underlying significance of this poem. This article analyzes the female subject in poetry based on the theory of postcolonial feminism, revealing that the female subject in the poem is in a state of being banned by mainstream Western society, suppressed by patriarchal society, and colonized. It studies the issue of identity loss and identity construction of female subjects; This article also explores the social background and cultural colonization of the Elizabethan and James I eras in which the poet lived, and the subtle influence of colonial consciousness on the poet and his poetry. Ultimately, it is concluded that John Donne constructed a textual world of "others" through the poetic text in the process of creating this poem. This paper provides a new perspective for the study of postcolonial feminism and helps to drive people to engage in new reflections.
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Bade, Zakarie Abdi. „Dialectics of Traditional Authority and Post-Colonial Modern State: The Case of Somaliland“. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(1).39.
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This article investigates the development of states within societies that have undergone colonization, with a specific focus on Somaliland and its clan-based structure. Our aim is to contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding the interplay between traditional clan affiliations and the pursuit of a nation-state, which is a critical issue with significant implications for political stability and international recognition in the region. To achieve this, we employ a methodology that includes reviewing relevant literature, synthesizing theoretical perspectives, and conducting in-depth sociological analyses, incorporating Weberian ideas of authority into our examination. This comprehensive approach enables us to gain a deeper understanding of Somaliland's unique socio-political landscape, which has been shaped by its colonial past and entrenched tribal dynamics. In our analysis, we critically assess the role of clan structures, such as the Guurti council, and their relationship with attempts to establish a rational state system. Our findings indicate that although clannism remains deeply ingrained in Somaliland's society, achieving harmony between these affiliations and modern state-building initiatives is crucial for the region's progress. In conclusion, we synthesize these insights to provide recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of strategies that recognize and address the dynamics of clan affiliations while promoting a strong state identity. Adopting such an approach is essential for fostering stability in Somaliland and supporting its aspirations for recognition.
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Rodd, Adrien. „Adapting postcolonial island societies: Fiji and the Solomon Islands in the Pacific“. Island Studies Journal 11, Nr. 2 (2016): 505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.364.
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Sovereign Pacific island states attract little attention from the great powers. They achieved independence peacefully, mostly from the United Kingdom, and have generally maintained functional democratic societies. Nonetheless, some Pacific states have struggled with the political, institutional and economic legacy of colonization. Tensions between indigenous norms and practices and the expectations of a transposed Western model of society have led to crises. This paper focuses on two Pacific Island states, Fiji and the Solomon Islands. The collapse of the state in the Solomons at the turn of this century, and repeated military coups in Fiji, are due in part to the failure of British-derived institutions to be fully accepted. In both these countries, indigenous people have proposed reforms of these inherited models. Nonetheless, as we shall see, the recent rewriting of these two countries’ constitutions has maintained the fundamentals of the Westminster system, and a government by Westernized indigenous élites.
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Conrad, Cynthia. „Measuring Costs of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Mathematic Model of Specific Cost Estimations“. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 29, Nr. 1 (März 2006): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937390602900102.
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Few empirical facts exist regarding the actual costs of child abuse in the United States. Consistent data is not available for national or even statewide analysis. Clearly there is a need for such accounting in order to fully understand the damage created by child abuse and neglect. Policy makers and social welfare planners should take child abuse costs into consideration when determining expenditures for prevention and intervention programs. The real savings may far outweigh the costs of such programs when both direct and indirect costs of child abuse and neglect enter into the analysis. This paper offers a model in which the actual costs of child abuse and neglect, based on direct, indirect, and opportunity costs associated with each case. Direct costs are those associated with the treatment of abused and neglected children as well as the costs of family intervention programs or foster care. Indirect costs are costs to society created by the negative effects of child abuse and neglect evinced by individuals who suffer such abuse and then as teens or adults engage in criminal behavior. Indirect costs also derive from the long term and ongoing health care needs required by victims of abuse, for both physical and mental health disorders. With the existence of this model, the author hopes to stimulate the discussion and desire for better data collection and analysis. In order to demonstrate the utility of the model, the author has included some cost estimates from the Connecticut State Department of Children and Families and the works of other scholars looking into the question of costs for child abuse and neglect. This data represents the best available at this time. As a result, the model appearing here is specific to Connecticut. Even so, once more valid data becomes available, the model's structure and theoretical framework should adapt to the needs of other states to facilitate better measurement of relevant costs and provide a clearer picture of the utility of investment in the prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect.