Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Colocasia spp“

Colocasia esculenta represents an alternative non-gluten ingredient due to its healthy properties. The objective of this study was to explore the breadmaking potential of Colocasia spp. cormel flour combined with hydrocolloids (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, xanthan gum, guar gum). A total of three formulations were tested. Breads were characterized by assessing their technological qualities: moisture, specific volume, volume, hardness and weight loss. The quality parameters were similar to other gluten-free breads. Overall, Colocasia spp. flour can be used to produce gluten-free breads with similar technological quality parameters than those previously reported with common gluten-free flours.

Ceratocystis fimbriata is a complex of many cryptic, host-specialized species that causes wilt and canker of woody species and rot diseases of storage roots and corms of many economically important plants worldwide. With the exception of the family Araceae, all confirmed hosts of C. fimbriata are dicotyledonous plants. We hypothesized that the isolates from members of the family Araceae would form a monophyletic lineage specialized to infect these unique hosts. Analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear rDNA indicate that isolates and herbarium specimens of C. fimbriata from the family Araceae represent three different groups: an Xanthosoma/Syngonium group on corms of Xanthosoma spp. from the Caribbean region and on ornamental S. podophyllum from greenhouses in Florida, Hawaii, Australia, and Brazil; an inhame group on corms of Colocasia esculenta in Brazil; and a distantly related taro group on Colocasia esculenta in Hawaii and China and on X. sagittifolium in Fiji. Inoculations of three species of Araceae (Caladium bicolor, S. podophyllum, and Colocasia esculenta) showed that isolates from all three groups are pathogenic to these three hosts. Brazilian isolates from Mangifera indica and Ficus carica were only weakly pathogenic to Caladium and Syngonium sp. and were not pathogenic to Colocasia sp. Syngonium plants appeared to be most susceptible to isolates of the Xanthosoma/Syngonium group, and Colocasia plants were least susceptible to isolates from Syngonium spp. Thus, it appears that adaptations to the family Araceae have evolved more than once in the C. fimbriata complex. It is hypothesized that the three groups of C. fimbriata on the family Araceae are native to the Caribbean, Brazil, and Asia, respectively, but they have been spread elsewhere by humans.

SummaryRoot and tuber crops make a major contribution to the food supply in many developing countries. Most of the relatively limited research effort on tropical root crops has focussed on improved production technologies, especially with regard to genetic improvement. Interest in post-harvest technologies and crop use has increased recently with the growing recognition of their importance in the marketing of these perishable crops. This paper reviews recent advances in storage research for three of the principal root crops: cassava (Manihot esculenta C), yam (Dioscorea spp.) and the edible aroids (Colocasia spp.).R. D. Cooke, J. E. Rickard y A. K. Thompson: El almacenamiento de tubérculos tropicales - mandioca, ôame y aráceas comestibles.

A new root-lesion nematode, particularly pathogenic to Musa spp. and causing important plantain losses in Ghana, is described and named Pratylenchus speijeri n. sp. The cryptic status of this species within the P. coffeae species complex has been assessed and confirmed in this study. An extensive comparison of the morphological and molecular characteristics of this new species with those of P. coffeae and other related amphimictic species did not result in an unambiguous separation of this species from P. coffeae because only a few morphological features of diagnostic value were found. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene, the ITS rRNA gene and a portion of the hsp90 gene of P. speijeri n. sp. and P. coffeae species complex populations from different sources generated majority consensus BI trees with three major clades: P. speijeri n. sp. from Musa spp. roots in Ghana; unidentified or putative new Pratylenchus sp. C1 from Colocasia esculenta roots in Japan and P. coffeae with non-homogeneous relationships from different hosts and distant geographical areas. These results confirmed the validity of P. speijeri n. sp. as a new taxon and indicated that P. coffeae populations from Colocasia in Japan also need to be considered as a new species. Sequence differences in the ITS were used to design group- and species-specific primers to detect P. speijeri n. sp. and other species of P. coffeae species complex. The use of these species-specific primers for the separation of P. speijeri n. sp., Pratylenchus sp. C1 and P. coffeae has important practical application in breeding programmes for agriculture in West Africa.

AbstractStudies were carried out to estimate and compare mortalities of larvae and pupae of Aedes (Stegomyia) simpsoni sensu lato breeding in axils of Colocasia esculenta, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (Araceae) and Musa spp. (Musaceae) in different locations in Uganda and also to ascertain whether there are any differences in their dynamics that could be used to separate the species. The probability of larvae surviving from one day to the next (40·5 – 99·8%), and the proportions dying in each instar (0·97 – 77·3%) and dying daily in all the four instars (3·9 – 46·3%) varied between seasons at each site and between sites and species of plants. Estimates of larval and pupal mortality were generally highest for fourth instar [52·4 ± 6·0% (mean ± SE)] and lowest for the second instar larvae (16·0 ± 2·6%). There was higher larval instar mortality in axils of X. sagittifolium (96·9%) and Musa spp. (82·2 – 96·5%) than in C. esculenta (47·1 – 88·4%).

Genotypes of the Latin American wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata have been moved around the world in vegetatively propagated material of various crop plants, including Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Colocasia esculenta (taro), and Eucalyptus spp. When compared to a worldwide collection of isolates of C. fimbriata, isolates from taro, Punica granatum (pomegranate), and Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) from Yunnan Province, China were found to have sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and mating type genes that were identical to isolates from Eucalyptus in Brazil. Analyses of 35 isolates with 14 microsatellite markers revealed that the Yunnan population was nearly uniform, consisting of only 19 alleles and seven closely related genotypes, suggesting that the population is not natural and is the result of an introduction. As in comparisons of sequences of ITS rDNA and mating type genes, the microsatellite alleles of the Yunnan isolates were most similar to those of Eucalyptus isolates from Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil, where C. fimbriata is native, soilborne, and commonly infects cuttings of Eucalyptus spp. used for rooting in nurseries. Thus, the Yunnan population, which is causing severe losses on pomegranate, may have been indirectly derived from introductions of C. fimbriata in contaminated Eucalyptus cuttings from Brazil.

[ES] El uso de Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott y Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott como materia prima en forma de almidón o harina es una alternativa sostenible y nutritiva al trigo y otros granos. Esta alternativa permite a los agricultores minimizar las pérdidas después de su cosecha y garantizar la seguridad alimentaria ya que sus propiedades nutricionales, digestivas y saludables son reconocidas por la comunidad científica. Sin embargo, la información existente sobre este rizoma dirigida a su aplicación es bastante limitada. Esta tesis expone la caracterización funcional y tecnológica de los almidones obtenidos a partir de cormos y cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. Asimismo, se evaluó tecnológicamente el efecto de la combinación de enzimas, hidrocoloides, almidón de patata, harina pregelatinizada sobre la harina de los cormelos de la Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott en el desarrollo de un pan sin gluten. Además, se evaluaron las propiedades tecnológicas y digestivas de una fórmula básica para puré desarrollada a partir de harina de cormelos de Xanthosoma spp. y Colocasia spp. Además, la revisión bibliográfica realizada permitió poner en contexto los efectos saludables demostrados clínicamente de esta materia prima y sus componentes. Se demostró que existen diferencias significativas entre el almidón de cormos y cormelos de la misma especie. Se concluyó que la harina de Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott es una buena opción para incrementar el valor nutricional de los panes sin gluten. Entre las estrategias probadas, el pan elaborado a partir de la mezcla con almidón de patata resultó la menos aconsejable. Además, todas las estrategias aplicadas originaron panes con menor índice glucémico que sus homólogos sin gluten reportados en otros estudios. Por primera vez, este trabajo recomienda el uso de harina de cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott y Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott y para desarrollar purés con un valor nutricional agregado. La revisión bibliográfica realizada permitió recopilar los efectos demostrados clínicamente, concretamente antihiperglucémicos, antihepatotóxicos, antihipertensivos, hipoglucemiantes, anticancerosos, hipolipidémicos y prebióticos, entre otros, de los compuestos bioactivos presentes en esta planta.
[CA] L'ús de Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott i Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott com a matèria primera en forma de midó o farina, és una alternativa per a minimitzar les perdues després de la seua collita i garantir la seguretat alimentària ja que les seues propietats nutricionals, digestives i saludables són reconegudes per la comunitat científica. Aquesta tesi exposa la caracterització funcional i tecnològica dels midons obtinguts a partir de corms i cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. D'una banda és va avaluar tecnològicament l'efecte de la combinació d'enzims, hidrocol·loides, midó de creïlla, farina pregelatinitzada sobre la farina dels cormelos de la Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott en el desenvolupament d'un pa sense gluten. D'altra banda, es van avaluar les propietats tecnològiques i digestives d'una fórmula bàsica per a puré desenvolupada a partir de farina de cormelos de Xanthosoma spp. i Colocasia spp. que es pot destinar a poblacions vulnerables amb afeccions gastrointestinals, diabètics, celíacs, entre altres. A més, es va realitzar una revisió on s'exposen els efectes saludables demostrats clínicament, dels seus components. Es va demostrar que existeixen diferències significatives entre el midó de corms i cormelos de la mateixa espècie. Per tant, es va concloure que la farina dels cormelos de la Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott és una bona opció per a incrementar el valor nutricional dels pans sense glútens i entre les estratègies provades, el pa elaborat a partir de la mescla amb midó de creïlla va resultar la menys aconsellable, però tots van mostrar menor índex glucèmic que els seus homòlegs sense glútens reportats en altres estudis. A més, per primera vegada es va recomanar l'ús de farina cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott i Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott per a desenvolupar purés amb un valor nutricional agregat. La revisió bibilogràfica realitza va permetre recopilar el efectes demostrats clínicament, en concret antihiperglucémic, antihepatotóxic, antihipertensiu, hipoglucemiant, anticancerós, hipolipidémic i prebiòtic, entre altres, dels compostos bioactius presents en aquest rizoma.
[EN] The use of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott as a raw material in form of starch or flour is a nutritious and sustainable alternative to wheat and other grains. This alternative allows farmers to minimize losses after harvest and guarantee food safety since its nutritional, digestive and healthy properties are recognized by the scientific community. Nevertheless, there is still scarce information about these rhizomes that limit their application. This thesis illuminates the functional and technological characterization of the starches obtained from corms and cormels of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. Likewise, the effect of the combination of enzymes, hydrocolloids, potato starch, pregelatinized flour on Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cormels flour toward the development of a gluten-free bread was technologically evaluated. Furthermore, the technological and digestive properties of a basic formula for pastes developed from cormels flour of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott and Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott was evaluated. In addition, a review was conducted and the health effects clinically demonstrated are exposed. It was shown that there are significant differences between the starch of corms and cormels of the same species. It was concluded that the flour from Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cormels is a good option to increase the nutritional value of gluten-free breads. Among the strategies tested, the bread made from mixtures with potato starch was the least desirable, but all strategies tested gave breads with lower glycemic index than gluten-free counterparts reported in other studies. For the first time, this works recommends the use of cormels flour from Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott and Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott was recommended to develop pastes to nutritional value to gluten-free products. In addition, the bibliographic review carried out allowed the compilation and analysis of the clinically demonstrated effects, especifically, antihyperglycemic, antihepatotoxic, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, hypolipidemic and prebiotic effects, among others, of the bioactive compounds present in these plants.
Authors acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-095919-B-C21), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-52928-C2-1-R), the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo 2017/189). Tropical Food Research Institute from Cuba provided the rhizomes.
Calle Domínguez, J. (2021). Properties of Malanga Flours and their Use in Pastes and Gluten Free Breads [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168396
TESIS

This study determined the concentrations of lead and cadmium in edible parts of Colocasia esculenta, Amaranthus spp.and Ipomoea batata cultivated on farms in industrially polluted sections of Nyabugogo Marsh in Kigali, Rwanda. The concentrations in all three crops exceeded European Union (EU) standards for metal concentration in food crops. C. esculenta roots (Taro) contained the highest concentration of lead (1.02 mg kg-1) and cadmium (0.56 mg kg-1), approximately ten and six times over the EU limits, respectively. Even though I. batata (sweet potato) contained the lowest concentrations of lead (0.75 mg kg-1), this is almost eight times the upper limit. The highest bioaccumulation factors (the ratio of plant metal concentration to that of the soil in which it is found growing) for both metals were observed in amaranth plants. The concentrations of lead and cadmium in the farm soils were all acceptable based on EU standards (300mg kg-1 for lead and 3mg kg-1 respectively. The average daily consumption by an adult in the community living around the Marsh and where some of the produce is sold is 50g of amaranth, 120g of taro and 180g of sweet potato. Based on the metal concentration and these rates of consumption, the daily dietary intake of lead by an adult in the community from amaranth, taro and sweet potato is 1 x 10-4, 3 x 10-4 and 4 x 10-4 mg kg-1 respectively. The daily intake of cadmium is 4 x 10-4, 1.7 x 10-4 and 1.2 x 10-4 mg kg-1 for amaranth, taro and sweet potato respectively. These metal intakes are well within the recommendations set forth by the World Health Organisation. The community also has access to multiple sources of dietary and non dietary zinc such as beans, milk and rain water collected from zinc coated roofing sheets, which serves to ameliorate the effects of cadmium. It is however worth noting that survey data may have yielded overestimates of these zinc sources, due to the conditions under which the surveys were conducted i.e. in the hearing of neighbors due to the cramped nature of housing, which may have prompted respondents to inflate consumption quantities of expensive food items. The calculated maximum recommended quantities for daily intake of the crops are very large and are unlikely to be consumed by the population i.e. >2kg of amaranth, >2 kg of taro and 3 kg of sweet potato per day for an adult. Additionally, because this is a poor community, access to such quantities of food on a daily basis is not likely. The community is therefore not exposed to health risks from consuming metal contaminated crops, largely because of the small quantities consumed. The local population is therefore at no immediate risk to exceeding metal consumption limits by consuming vegetables grown in the Nyabugogo Marsh, but the threats will likely increase if the pollution of the Marsh is not addressed.

Evaluation of sunblock activity is an important aspect nowadays, as exposure to sunlight is recognized as a major factorin the causeof the progressive unwanted changes in the skin appearance and physiology due to UV rays present in the sunlight.In thisstudy, sunblock activity of Colocasia esculenta (gabi) leaf extract was determined by absorption spectroscopy using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The in-vitro SPF of the formulations was determined according to the UV Spectrophotometric method. The Colocasiaesculenta (gabi) leaf extract under study produced high absorbance at 290-320nm wavelength range and obtained an averageSPF (Sun Protection Factor) of 7.39 in five trials. The study can positively conclude that Colocasia esculenta (gabi) leaf extract can considerably contribute in the preparation of sunblock product formulations which could prevent skin damaging effects ofultraviolet radiations.