Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Collectivization of agriculture – ukraine – history“
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1
Kurylchuk, Natalia. „COLLECTIVIZATION OF ZHYTOMYR REGION AGRICULTURE (A STUDY OF GOLISHI AND MAIDAN VILLAGES OF OLEVSK DISTRICT)“. Kyiv Historical Studies, Nr. 1 (2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2019.1.7.
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At the current stage of historical heritage realization the problems of political and economic transformations in Zhytomyr region during the late 1920s mid–1930s require systematic review. The significance of the study is determined by the scope of numerous problems as well as immensely vast study material available. Hundreds of thousands of cases in state repositories and archives are still not introduced into scientific circulation due to the lack of national, regional and local research directions. That is why a detailed analysis of implementation methods and collectivization consequences in Olevsk district villages is of major importance for a comprehensive study of the region history and the country as a whole. To conduct our investigation we have used general scientific and special historical methods such as comparative-historical and critical, generalization and systematization, problem-chronological, biographical, archive heuristics, statistical and analytical methods, and others. The study presents the documentary material from the State Archives of Zhytomyr region and Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. The article provides the analysis of some archival criminal investigations and focuses on the fates of some Olevsky district residents. Information capabilities of the specified number of documents for the study of collectivization, political repressions against the richest rural representatives and those who tried to resist the existing regime are highlighted.
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Tsyganenko, Lilia. „Трансформация этнического состава населения украинского Подунавья: к вопросу о переселении молдаван/румын на Дальний Восток (1947-1949 гг.) / Transformation of the Ethnic Combination of the Ukrainian Podunavia Population: on the Issue of the Resettlement of Moldavians/Romanian to the Far East (1947 – 1949)“. Supplement 9, Nr. 1 (24.07.2021): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v9i1s_6.
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Based on previously unpublished archive documents (Ismail, Ukraine), the organization and resettlement of parts of the residents from the lower Danube region to South Sakhalin in 1947-1949 are considered. First of all, the resettlement touched the representatives of the Moldovan/Romanian ethnic group living in Reni district. This relocation should be seen as an attempt from the part of the Soviet totalitarian regime to transform the ethnic composition of the region, having evicted the part of the local population to remote corners of the Soviet empire, which, without much enthusiasm, met the socialist changes of the second half of the 1940s and related to the collectivization of agriculture. The age, gender, and quantitative indicators are analyzed. Lists of immigrants to the South Sakhalin in 1947 and 1948 are given.
3
Margolin, Victor. „Stalin and Wheat: Collective Farms and Composite Portraits“. Gastronomica 3, Nr. 2 (2003): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2003.3.2.14.
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In late 1939, USSR in Construction, the Soviet propaganda magazine, published a special issue on the Stalin Collective Farm in the Ukraine. The inside front cover of the magazine contained an anonymous paean to socialist farming, attributing its success to the foresight and support of Joseph Stalin, the nation's leader. On the page flanking the euphoric opening text was a near full-page portrait of Comrade Stalin composed of multi-hued grains including millet, alfalfa, and poppy. Grain, or the absence thereof, was fundamental to the development of collective farms in the Soviet Union. By early 1929, government pressure to form large state-run farms had increased and Stalin declared war on the kulaks, or rich peasants. The kulaks responded by killing their livestock, destroying their crops, and demolishing their homesteads. Nonetheless, collectivization, backed by the Party apparatus, continued relentlessly. Needless to say, none of the resistance to collectivized agriculture was evident in USSR in Construction's depiction of life on the Stalin Collective Farm. At the end of the issue, the apparent happiness and prosperity of the workers were attributed to the virtues of socialism. In the later 1930s, with the inauguration of Stalin's "cult of personality," the nation was consistently equated with Stalin himself, hence the choice of his profile for the composite grain portrait. The seamlessness with which a multitude of grains could become a composite portrait of the nation's leader shows how successfully the Soviet government was able to rewrite the history of agricultural collectivization. The pain, loss, and resistance of the small landowners was successfully obliterated and replaced by a new narrative in which collective farm workers prospered and found happiness within a political system that was now synonymous with the beneficence of a single individual, Joseph Stalin.
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Kravchuk, Leonid Vasylovych, Taras Bohdanovych Kadobnyi und L. О. Kravchuk. „Formation of democratic values and competence among medical students at the ambushes of the interdisciplinary integration (Sovietization history of Ternopil region in the 1940s)“. Engineering and Educational Technologies 8, Nr. 4 (30.12.2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2307-9770.2020.08.04.03.
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The article reveals the inhumane nature of the communist system, the inefficiency of command-and-control Soviet methods of managing agriculture and industry. The activity of the Soviet power is analyzed, which from September 1939-1941 began to implement force management methods. This issue is especially relevant today, when Ukrainian society solves a set of political, economic and socio-cultural problems generated in the previous historical period by authoritarian forcible replacement of a democratic socialist state, market economy - administrative-planned, universal values - values of communist ideology. In the main part of the article the author, using the achievements of domestic and foreign historical science, the source base of national and foreign archives, applying the theoretical and methodological experience of the past and innovations of the present, managed to expand unbiased, comprehensive, multi-vector and diverse study of socio-political and socio-economic western Ukrainian lands at the initial stage of forceful accession to the USSR as part of the USSR. Modern analysis and coverage of socio-political and socio-economic transformations in Ternopil region in September 1939-1941 contributes to the establishment of narrative, de-Sovietization of consciousness of certain segments of modern society and awareness of the aggressive nature of totalitarianism. Secondly, the Sovietization of Ternopil took place simultaneously with the liquidation of Poland by destroying democratic European values, with the rigid imposition of Stalin's party-state policy aimed at establishing an authoritarian administrative-command system of government in the western Ukrainian region. The main features of Sovietization, the author identifies, are: the use of military force at the initial stage of its implementation; formation of administrative-command management system; authoritarian interference of party bodies in all spheres of life in the region; nationalization of industry and collectivization of agriculture, etc. State-owned enterprises, as well as enterprises of the socialized municipal economy, were formed on the basis of nationalized industrial, financial, trade and communal facilities. The practical significance of the results of LV Kravchuk's research is that its main provisions, theoretical generalizations and conclusions can be used in the process of further, more detailed study of such individual industries as industry, agriculture in the field of local lore and in preparing special courses in History. Ukraine of the twentieth century. The struggle against the communist system continued in the 1970s and 1980s, and the creation of the Ukrainian People's Movement and other political and public organizations accelerated the collapse of the Soviet empire in 1991. Therefore, in the proposed articles, the main scientific provisions are professionally justified, are of considerable scientific interest. The factual material is systematized and consistently presented, the conclusions are clear and understandable.
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Bestanchuk, Yana. „Historiography of relations between the soviet government and the local population in the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region in 1940-1947“. History Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Nr. 57 (30.06.2023): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2023.57.121-129.
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The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historiography of the topic of relations between Soviet authorities and local population, the instruction of Sovietization processes in the territory of Northern Bukovyna and Khotyn region during 1940-1947.The study of relationship between Soviet authorities and local population is quite unexplored and requires further scientific study. There was no comprehensive study. In the scientific literature, this issue is highlighted in the form of a diverse thematic spectrum and concerns current political, economic, household and educational and cultural issues. During the last decades, depending on socio-political conditions and the available base of historical sources, the approach to the coverage of the mentioned issues has changed.The conclusion emphasizes that modern Ukrainian historiography, relying on a much wider source base, examines in more depth certain aspects the life of population in the territory of Chernivtsi region.Soviet historiography in Ukraine was strongly influenced by communist ideology and censorship, which had a significant impact on the study of the history of Bukovyna. The problems and achievements of Soviet industrial construction, the collectivization of agriculture, and the development of industry and transport infrastructure were studied. Special attention was paid to Soviet land reform policies and national policy regarding Bukovyna national minorities.Researchers are forced to work within the approved historical concept and maintain a positive image of Soviet government. This approach significantly limited the possibility of conducting objective research and analysis of the history of Bukovyna in the specified period.Foreign historiography of the history of Bukovyna was aimed at a detailed study of the events and processes of that time, in particular in the context of national issues using available sources and archival materials.Ukrainian historiography of the history of Bukovyna sought to understand and analyze the complex events of that time, focusing on the political, socio-economic and cultural aspects of life in Bukovyna, as well as on the role of Ukrainian population in the struggle for freedom and national independence.Thus, during the half-century period of studying the problems of the entry of Northern Bukovyna territory into the USSR, the interaction of local population and the Soviet authorities, the literature is not sufficiently systematized and does not cover the problems as a whole, a lot of works have a limited source base, because access to information on this topic was provided only at the end of the 20th century.
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Suprun, Natalia. „Economic reasons and consequences of the Holodomor in Ukraine (to the 90th anniversary of the Holodomor in Ukraine and the 95th anniversary of Vsevolod Golubnychy)“. Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2023, Nr. 56 (04.12.2023): 225–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.225.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the economic causes and consequences of the Holodomor organized in Ukraine by the Soviet authorities in 1932–1933. The study was conducted on the basis of the conceptual approach of one of the first researchers of the Holodomor, Vsevolod Golubnychy (1928–1977). It is substantiated that the main cause of the famine in Ukraine in 1932–1933 was the Soviet economic policy, which was aimed at the total monopolization of economic power, one of the mechanisms of which was collectivization. Having become part of a total state monopoly and the object of merciless exploitation by economic and non-economic methods, agriculture ceased to fulfill its main function – providing the population with food and saturating the commodity market. This caused a deformation of the market structure and an imbalance in the ratio of product demand and supply. Taking into account the fact that the main tool of collectivization was disinvestment, i.e. the liquidation (including physical) of the most efficient agricultural producers, it was concluded that the priority of Soviet policy was not the creation of an effective system of farming in the countryside, but the overcoming of public opposition the most an organized and independent stratum of agrarians, with the subordination of the rest of the Ukrainian peasantry to Bolshevik rule. The ineffective policy of collectivization caused a drop in productivity and led to a large-scale Holodomor, the negative economic consequence of the Holodomor was the physical destruction of a huge part of the able-bodied and hard-working population. Collectivization and the Holodomor, which was caused by it, caused irreparable damage to the agriculture of Ukraine, effectively destroying the effective traditional system of management, led to a decrease in the efficiency of the Ukrainian agricultural economy, and in the long run became one of the leading factors in the decline of the Soviet economic system.
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McDonald, Tracy. „Peasants Under Siege: The Collectivization of Romanian Agriculture,1949–1962“. Social History 38, Nr. 1 (Februar 2013): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2013.758798.
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Muzrobjon, Abdullayev. „FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY OF "KULAK" FAMILIES EXILE IN UZBEKISTAN“. International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 3, Nr. 12 (01.12.2023): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/volume03issue12-13.
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The article analyzes the issues of organization of "kulak" farms exiled to remote areas of the republic and organization of labor activities in agriculture in the process of total collectivization of agriculture in Uzbekistan. In 1930-1931, information on the dislocation of 17 "ear settlements" established in the Uzbek SSR and the number of families, people, and labor activities of the deportees in them is summarized.
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Raymond, Chad. „"No Responsibility and No Rice": The Rise and Fall of Agricultural Collectivization in Vietnam“. Agricultural History 82, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-82.1.43.
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Abstract Communist leaders in Vietnam attempted to use agricultural collectivization to transform a poor, agrarian country into a modern, socialist nation with an industrialized economy. Collectivized agricultural production lacked sufficient economic incentives for Vietnamese farmers; they preferred to produce privately for household consumption or the free market. State-initiated reforms to collectivize agriculture failed to improve the performance of the agricultural sector, and eventually the Vietnamese Communist Party was forced to abandon collectivization altogether. Once farmers were freed from collective labor and could pursue private production for the free market, Vietnam’s agricultural output skyrocketed.
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Мордовченков, Н. В., В. М. Поляков und Г. А. Тихомиров. „«Sovietization» of the USSR and GDR agriculture: pluralism of economic assessments“. Экономика и предпринимательство, Nr. 2(115) (06.05.2020): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.115.2.118.
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Статья посвящена анализу проблем развития и экономических оценок сельского хозяйства в Российской империи, СССР и Российской Федерации, а также в ГДР. Рассматривается развитие сельского хозяйства в рамках аграрной реформы Столыпина, политики военного коммунизма, новой экономической политики. Особое внимание авторы уделяют анализу коллективизации сельского хозяйства в СССР и в ГДР («советизации» сельского хозяйства). Проводится сравнительный анализ точек зрения отечественных и зарубежных, в частности, немецких историков и экономистоваграриев на историю коллективизации сельского хозяйства. The article is devoted to the analysis of development problems and economic assessments of agriculture in the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation, as well as in the GDR. The development of agriculture is considered in the framework of the Stolypin agrarian reform, the policy of war communism, and the new economic policy. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the collectivization of agriculture in the USSR and in the GDR ("Sovietization" of agriculture). A comparative analysis of the points of view of domestic and foreign, in particular, German historians and economists, agrarians on the history of collectivization of agriculture.
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Kučerová, Lucie. „Collective farming in the memories of Czechoslovak agriculture workers“. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 71, Nr. 3-4 (2017): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnh-2017-0018.
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The present paper focuses on countryside life after the collectivization of agriculture and on the changes of the work processes there during the so-called normalization (1969–1987). It is based on narrative interviews with the then Czechoslovak agriculture workers conducted through the method of oral history. The research examines everyday life in the countryside through the memories of the interviewed. Their memories recorded through the method of oral history are treated here as an important historical resource for researchers in Modern History.
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Stan, Lavinia. „Peasants under Siege: The Collectivization of Romanian Agriculture, 1949–1962“. European Legacy 18, Nr. 6 (Oktober 2013): 802–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770.2013.816154.
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S.T., Nabiyev, Sadykov T.S. und Khasenova Zh.O. „Measures to collectivize agriculture in Kazakhstan: history and experience (20–30s of the 20th century)“. Bulletin of the Karaganda university History.Philosophy series 110, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023hph2/207-218.
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This scientific article outlines and provides a scientific assessment of the purpose, course and consequences of Stalin's totalitarian power of the 20-30s in the Soviet Union, including in Kazakhstan, the elimination of the large rich and medium rich people in Kazakh agriculture as a class, collectivization of the economy in accordance with the requirements of barracks socialism.
14
Gabbas, Marco. „Collectivization and National Question in Soviet Udmurtia“. Russian History 47, Nr. 4 (08.09.2021): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340015.
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Abstract The subject of this article is the collectivization of agriculture in Soviet Udmurtia at the turn of the 1930s. Situated in the Urals, Udmurtia was an autonomous region, largely agricultural, and with a developing industrial center, Izhevsk, as capital. The titular nationality of the region, the Udmurts, represented slightly more than 50% of the total inhabitants, while the rest was made up by Russians and other national minorities. Udmurts were mostly peasants and concentrated in the countryside, whereas city-dwellers and factory workers were mostly Russians. Due to these and other circumstances, collectivization in Udmurtia was carried out in a very specific way. The campaign began here in 1928, one year before than in the rest of the Union, and had possibly the highest pace in the country, with 76% of collectivized farms by 1933. The years 1928–1931 were the highest point of the campaign, when the most opposition and the most violence took place. The local Party Committee put before itself the special task to carry out a revolutionary collectivization campaign in the Udmurt countryside, which should have been a definitive solution to its “national” backwardness and to all its problems, from illiteracy to trachoma, from syphilis to the strip system (that is, each family worked on small “strips” of land far from each other). The Party Committee failed to exert much support from the peasant Udmurt masses, which stayed at best inert to collectivization propaganda, or opposed it openly. However, the back of the Udmurt peasantry was finally broken, and Udmurtia was totally collectivized by the end of the 1930s.
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Naumenko, Natalya. „The Political Economy of Famine: The Ukrainian Famine of 1933“. Journal of Economic History 81, Nr. 1 (März 2021): 156–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050720000625.
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The 1933 Ukrainian famine killed as many as 2.6 million people out of a population of 32 million. Historians offer three main explanations: weather, economic policies, genocide. This paper documents that (1) available data do not support weather as the main explanation: 1931 and 1932 weather predicts harvest roughly equal to the 1924–1929 average; weather explains up to 8.1 percent of excess deaths. (2) Policies (collectivization of agriculture and the lack of favored industries) significantly increased famine mortality; collectivization explains up to 52 percent of excess deaths. (3) There is some evidence that ethnic Ukrainians and Germans were discriminated against.
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Álvarez, José Maurício Saldanha. „Operation Barbarossa, the Dissolution of the USSR and the Russo-Ukrainian War: 1917-2023“. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, Nr. 10 (24.10.2023): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1010.15655.
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After World War One and the fractionation of the empires of central Europe, Ukraine, the nascent USSR, created the Soviet Republic of Ukraine, which became a political unit with a state apparatus for the first time. The USSR invested heavily in making Ukraine an industrial country producing minerals and electricity. The collectivization of agriculture resulted in great famine, and brutal repression marked the Ukrainian imagination. The German invasion of the USSR aimed to explore the East and colonize it with the Aryans. During Barbarossa, right-wing Ukrainian nationalist groups welcomed the Nazis, who repelled Ukrainian independence by narrowing collaborationism and practicing the Holocaust. After the defeat of the Third Reich, the USSR retook Ukraine, repressing Nazi collaborators and opponents and reintegrating the republic into the Soviet economy. With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Ukraine became independent and, under the Yushchenko government (2005–2010), government organizations supported by the diaspora built a new national identity, distancing itself from communism and Russian influence, rehabilitating heroes and nationalist-fascist organizations, The Ukrainian government allying itself with the West and NATO sees the fight against the invasion of the USSR in 2023 as a war of independence consolidating nationality.
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Hrynevych, Liudmyla, und Andrew Sorokowski (trans.). „Stalin’s Faminogenic Policies in Ukraine: The Imperial Discourse“. East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 8, Nr. 1 (28.04.2021): 99–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus641.
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Because Stalin’s policy of famine creation in the early 1930s has been viewed through the prism of communist theory and practices, scholars have paid less attention to the imperial/colonial discourse of the period. This essay attempts to show the suitability of applying theoretical models of dependence and imperialism to analyze the dynamics and consequences of the collectivization of agriculture and the Holodomor (the mass deaths through starvation in Ukraine). The pressure applied to all regions of the USSR, resulting from the “communist experiment,” was in Soviet Ukraine supplemented and intensified, and, at some points, determined by a system of centre-periphery relations, characterized by political domination, control, the subordination of regional political elites to the centre, and the exploitation of economic resources. The appropriation of sovereignty over the Ukrainian republic by the central government in Moscow included establishing full control over Ukraine’s food resources, such as determining grain harvesting and distribution. The ongoing exploitation of Ukrainian economic resources and the anti-Ukrainian terror caused the Ukrainian famine of 1928-29. These also became significant factors in the onset of the 1932-33 Holodomor.
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Маншеев, Д. М. „COLLECTIVIZATION IN BURYATIA: SEARCH FOR AN EFFECTIVE FORM“. SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF SAYANO-ALTAI, Nr. 4(40) (19.01.2024): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52782/kril.2023.4.40.003.
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В статье на основе известных и новых опубликованных архивных источников по истории коллективизации в Бурятии проведена попытка выявления компонентов процесса поиска эффективной модели организации сельского хозяйства в СССР. Исследование показало, что работающая модель коллективного хозяйства в виде сельскохозяйственных артелей была сформирована большевиками за короткий срок на практике путем проб и ошибок. Based on known and new published archival sources on the history of collectivization in Buryatia, the article made an attempt to identify the components of the process of searching for an effective model of organizing agriculture in the USSR. The study showed that the working model of collective farming in the form of agricultural artels was formed by the Bolsheviks within a short time in practice by trial and error.
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Ippolitov, Vladimir, und Anatoly Slezin. „The mechanism to involve Komsomol members in participation in the entire collectivization of agriculture“. OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2019, Nr. 09 (01.09.2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii201909statyi08.
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Ювко, Єгор. „INFORMATION ON THE REPRESSIVE POLICY OF THE USSR AGAINST GERMAN PEASANT COLONISTS DURING THE HOLODOMOR 1932-1933 (FROM THE MATERIALS OF SECRET OBSERVATIONS OF THE ODPU BY EMPLOYEES OF THE GERMAN CONSULATES)“. КОНСЕНСУС, Nr. 4 (2022): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2022-04/030-040.
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The article examines the repressive policy of the USSR in relation to national minorities during the Holodomor of 1932–1933, in particular the testimony about the consequences of collectivization and famine in German colonial villages, which ethnic Germans gave to employees of the German consulate in the USSR. The article analyzes archival materials, namely detailed notes of employees of the ODPU, who were engaged in secret surveillance of representatives of German consulates, as well as their own detailed notes of consulate workers. Considerable attention in the article is devoted to the establishment of the consequences of the policy of collectivization, which in the period of the late 1920s and early 1930s became one of the causes of the Holodomor, in particular, the state of agriculture of the colonist peasants in southern and central Ukraine was established precisely at the beginning of the famine and during its greatest spread. The article attempts to analyze archival sources that serve as documentary evidence of the genocide not only of the Ukrainian people, but also of national minorities living on the territory of the USSR. The article also attempts to determine the actions of the German consulate aimed at saving and easing the lives of ethnic Germans who suffered from collectivization and hunger. In particular, about the efforts of the consulates to organize the departure of colonist peasants to Germany. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that, for the first time, an attempt was made to summarize the materials of the archives regarding information on the situation of German colonies during the Holodomor of 1932–1933, which are an important source for the general study of the Holodomor as a policy that was directed not only against Ukrainians, but also against national minorities.
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Viazinkin, Aleksei Yu, und Kuzma A. Yakimov. „Peasant Pessimism in the Days of Collectivization (1920-1930s): Anti-Soviet Rhetoric of the “Revolutionary Turning Point” Generation“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 3 (2023): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-753-764.
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The Soviet policy of collectivization, which sought to forcibly bring the regime of agriculture functioning in accordance with general political course on total control and authorities dictate, could not but cause discontent among the peasant population leaning to balanced autonomy. The article examines the phenomenon of peasant anti-Soviet pessimism, expressed in anti-collectivist rhetoric of the agrarian class representatives. A number of studies on the problems of public sentiments of peasants in the days of collectivization have analyzed various aspects of this problem, however, its rhetorical aspect remains poorly studied, although it significantly complements fragmented socio-psychological portrait of the Soviet village during the collectivization. The study is to eliminate this gap in scientific knowledge. It is built on the principles of historicism and objectivity, uses historical-comparative, deductive and retrospective methods. Its object is peasants of the “revolutionary turning point” generation, born in late 19th century, who took an active part in social and political life in the 1905-1930s (following Yu. A. Levada’s classification). The study is based on a wide array of both published and newly introduced archival materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE), and the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tambov Region (GASPITO). It focuses on the analysis of letters and complaints of peasants of the “revolutionary turning point” generation and on the study of reports of the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) on the sentiments of the Soviet village during collectivization. The authors underscore the need to create a classification of rhetoric by its content, reflecting passive dissatisfaction of the peasants with the collectivization policy. Primarily, there was nostalgic rhetoric associated with patriarchal roots of the Russian peasantry, in whose historical memory paternalistic autocracy looked better than foreign and alienating Soviet power. Secondly, there was comparative rhetoric drawing parallels between the policy of collectivization and “war communism,” based on point-blank rejection of the actions of Soviet government and their comparison with banditry. Thirdly, there was rhetoric of doom in absence of any satisfactory historical prospect for peasant life, meaning its socio-economic autonomy, as well as survival. Fourthly, there were elements of introspection explaining the behavior of peasants forced to make concessions to the Soviet government contrary to their own interests. Analysis of sources suggests that rhetorically peasants’ protest against the collectivization was reduced to passive forms of resistance. Nothing remained to the exsanguinated peasantry, but nostalgic complaints; rare bold statements about leaving kolkhozes were drowned in humility, traditional for the Russian peasant culture, and bemoaning the growing sense of doom and defeatist recognition of the need to obey the authorities’ initiatives.
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Richter, James. „Famine, Memory, and Politics in the Post-Soviet Space: Contrasting Echoes of Collectivization in Ukraine and Kazakhstan“. Nationalities Papers 48, Nr. 3 (21.11.2019): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.17.
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AbstractStalin’s collectivization campaigns and the associated famine killed millions in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, yet the two countries commemorate the events quite differently. In Ukraine, the Holodomor (death by hunger) occupies a prominent place in the public sphere and is remembered most frequently as a genocidal policy against the Ukrainian nation. In Kazakhstan, the famine takes up little space in the public arena, and officials remain reluctant to call it a genocide. This article explores these differences using two models explaining variation in the politics of memory: one emphasizing the instrumental calculations of political elites and the other emphasizing the historical and cultural constraints that frame contemporary debates. These two models complement each other rather than compete. The contest over the famine in Ukraine was in part a consequence of eastern and western Ukraine’s differing histories, but it intensified when governing politicians deployed the memory of the famine instrumentally in the 2000s. In Kazakhstan, political calculations led the regime to emphasize unity and stability over divisive debates about the past, but historical factors made depoliticizing the famine feasible.
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Demianenko, Serhii. „Agricultural reform in Ukraine: the history and present“. Economic Analysis, Nr. 34(1) (2024): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2024.01.069.
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The purpose of the research is to reveal the process of implementing the agrarian reform in Ukraine as a natural stage of the development of the country's agriculture during the last 100 years. The existing problems in Ukrainian agriculture were considered and it was established that these problems have their roots in the past, in the 20s of the 20th century, when the natural development of agriculture was interrupted, Ukraine became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), private ownership of agricultural land and private farms were liquidated, collective and state agricultural enterprises were created instead. The paper analyzes the initial stage of agrarian reform in Ukraine at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries after gaining state independence, and it is concluded that agrarian transformations in the country took place quite completely, in comparison with the countries of Eastern Europe. One of the reasons for this state of affairs was the low efficiency of the management of this process on the part of the state authorities responsible for the reform, particularly land reform as a key factor in all agrarian transformations. Only after the beginning of the wide implementation of land reform and reforming of collective agricultural enterprises in the early 2000s, a rapid increase in the volume and efficiency of agricultural production began. The long-term moratorium on the sale and purchase of agricultural land (more than 30 years) was based on political, not economic, reasons. In the analysis of the prospects for the development of domestic agriculture in the period after the agrarian reform, modern comprehensive programs of strategic directions for increasing the efficiency of the industry and rural areas were used, in the development of which the author was involved. These state programs, namely the "Unified comprehensive strategy and action plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas in Ukraine for 2015-2020" and the "National Economic Strategy 2030" conclude with the main task of creating a competitive, export-oriented agriculture and the production of competitive food products in accordance with international safety and quality standards in the context of the European integration of Ukraine. The research methodology is based on the use of publications by Ukrainian and foreign researchers devoted to the analysis of economic transformation in Ukraine and other countries of the former socialist camp, as well as scientific developments by authors, in particular, as a member of teams of international experts and consultants on the development and implementation of agrarian reform in Ukraine. Further directions of research, which were covered in the article, should be aimed at the development of integration processes in the market structure of the European Union, adaptation of the national agrarian policy to the Common EU policy. This is to provide an opportunity to increase the welfare of agricultural workers, the efficiency and productivity of the domestic agrarian industry.
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Zhukova, Oksana. „“Forward to the bright future of socialism!”: the role of images and symbols in promoting collectivization in Soviet Ukraine“. SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 10003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196310003.
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In every country, state symbols such as the national flag, emblem, and national anthems represent the independence and sovereignty of the state. In the Soviet Union as well as in other autocratic states symbols also played an important role in propaganda, influencing peoples’ attitudes to the actions of the state at all levels. These symbols could also be found, together with powerful imagery in posters, on buildings, monuments and many other things visible and incorporated in the routine life the people. Ukraine has huge historical heritage of symbolism and propaganda from when the country was a major part of the USSR. After the creation of the USSR a political, socio-economic, cultural and spiritual experiment on the construction of a communist society, which in the case of Ukraine was unprecedented in scale and tragedy, began. The collectivization of the village is one of the most tragic pages in the history of Ukraine. As the most important grain-growing region of the country at the time its production was vital to feed the growing cities and industrialisation. The forced collectivisation led to starvation in the 1930s and millions of people died. In order to counter this most public information showed people another side of collectivization. Propaganda was used, such as posters and slogans, to persuade the peasants to join the collective farms and to promote the real or fictitious results of the workers, and, conversely, to attack people who did not want to believe in the “bright future” of the USSR and to denounce “kulaks” and “saboteurs”. Materials from archives and published sources show many examples of Ukrainian images and symbols of that time which shed a light on the way the collectivisation process was portrayed and promoted.
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Khiterer, Victoria. „The Holodomor and Jews in Kyiv and Ukraine: An Introduction and Observations on a Neglected Topic“. Nationalities Papers 48, Nr. 3 (24.10.2019): 460–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.79.
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AbstractThe Holodomor in Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 was a result of the collectivization policy of the Soviet government and took approximately 4 million lives. The Holodomor had a profound impact on the entire population of Ukraine. It badly affected the lives of Jews in Kyiv and Ukraine, and it damaged Jewish–gentile relations for many years. The famine occurred not only in rural areas, but also in the cities and towns of Ukraine. The Holodomor provoked a significant migration of Jews from shtetls to the large cities, particularly to Kyiv. Many desperate inhabitants of villages and towns fled to the large cities where they hoped to receive some aid. However, the overcrowded cities could not accommodate this flood of migrants. Anatolii Kuznetsov wrote in Babi Yar: A Document in the Form of a Novel that if not for the Holodomor in Ukraine and Stalin’s repressions of the 1930s, the attitude of the Kyiv gentile population toward the Holocaust would perhaps have been different. People had gotten so used to the suffering of others, victims of the famine and political repression, that they remained mainly passive, silent, and indifferent toward the mass execution of Jews in Babi Yar during the Holocaust.
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Andriewsky, Olga. „Towards a Decentred History: The Study of the Holodomor and Ukrainian Historiography“. East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 2, Nr. 1 (23.01.2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2301n.
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This article reviews research on the Holodomor by historians of Ukraine since the late 1980s. It examines the dominant trends in historiography, the major findings, and the current state of the field. The field itself, it argues, has grown considerably and there now exists a critical body of scholarship on the subject. For the past two decades, this scholarship has largely been dominated by the debate about whether the Holodomor constitutes genocide. Much of the focus has been on illuminating the policies, methods, and intentions of the Soviet leadership and there have been notable advances in these areas of research. Social history on this topic, on the other hand, remains largely underdeveloped. Some historians of Ukraine have begun to study the Holodomor “from below” and to explore the larger social and cultural consequences of de-kulakization, collectivization, and the Terror-Famine. This approach is crucial, the author suggests, to understanding the exceptional nature of the era. In terms of patterns of migration, family structure, religious practices, social identity, status and ranking, and attitudes towards power, authority, and political participation, the Holodomor Era fundamentally changed the way Ukrainians lived. In this respect, it represents a turning point, as momentous as perhaps any in Ukrainian history.
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Khristenko, Dmitrii Nikolaevich, und Yuliya Vladimirovna Krasovskaya. „Collectivization and public health system formation in rural Russia“. Samara Journal of Science 8, Nr. 4 (29.11.2019): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201984215.
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Collectivization in the USSR, without any doubt, became one of the most difficult and tragic pages in the history of our country. Not denying the devastating results of the socialization of agriculture in the 1930s, some positive consequences, nevertheless, should be noted, especially in the public health service. In this paper the authors analyze changes in the public health service for rural residents from the late 19th century to the end of the 1930s. They use various types of historical sources, such as statistical data, studies of Zemstvo leaders, government officials and memoirs of contemporaries. The state policy in the public health, the availability of medical care and the provision of medical personnel, the attitude of the population towards doctors and official medicine and the sanitary and hygienic living conditions of the rural residents are examined in detail. It is concluded that the depressing situation in the public health service for the rural population in pre-revolutionary Russia, aggravated by ignorance, numerous superstitions and distrust of doctors, changed dramatically only after the establishment of the Soviet government. In the process of collectivization in rural areas, an extensive network of hospitals, medical sites, maternity hospitals and pharmacies appeared. As a result, in spite of numerous problems in rural public health, it can be argued that it was in the 1930s that general medical care became an integral part of rural life.
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Borysenko, M. „HOME WORKERS IN SOVIET UKRAINE AT 20-30 YEARS OF XX CENTURY“. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, Nr. 133 (2017): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2017.133.2.01.
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The article is considered the home workers as separated social class in first in Ukrainian history. This research is based on the using of new archival documents and the results of census 1920-1930 years. The author argues that the number and condition of workers in Ukraine is depended on many factors, among of it’s the low level of development home appliances and urban infrastructure, economic instability, dwelling overcrowding and suppressed status of women in the USSR. In the article reveals the economic position of these social groups on the basis of archival documents. The author proves that the salary played a secondary role. The most important part of the income of the young maid was not cash – but housing, food and clothing. The numerous of this social group depended on opportunity employers provide favorable conditions. The main reason for reduce of home working market was economic crisis covered in the Soviet Ukraine which began in industrialization and collectivization.
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Anfertiev, Ivan A. „Stalin’s Liquidation of Kulaks as Class and Organization of the Process of the Soviet Peasantry Proletarianization“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 4 (2021): 1229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-4-1229-1244.
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The article examines various aspects of the recently revealed archival document of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on the plan of repressive policy against the Soviet peasantry “On measures to eliminate kulak farms in the areas of continuous collectivization.” The author notes that the process of liquidation of kulaks as class, or of depeasantrification, as it is often designated in the historical literature, has been well studied. The first and rather timid attempts to assess the problem in the terms of individual “deformations of socialism” date to the turn the 1990s. At present, the attention is mostly focused on the regional aspect, as over the past three decades there has been made available a complex of sources from local archives, which was previously in closed storage. The article analyzes preconditions of the protest sentiments in the course of mass collectivization undertaken by the party bodies in the center and in the regions, as well as harsh suppression of possible peasant uprisings by punitive bodies, identification and persecution of the instigators. Examination of official party documents on collectivization permits to identify the ideological, social, and economic criteria for ranking Soviet peasants among kulaks. It is concluded that liquidation of kulaks as class on the territory of the USSR was conducted in a very short time and in two stages. At the first stage, in January – March 1930, repressions were to be carried out in the economically developed regions: the Black Earth region, the Middle and Lower Volga region, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, North Caucasus, Dagestan, Ural, Siberia. The second stage spread them to other regions of Soviet Russia. The author notes an inconsistency in the thesis of positive economic consequences of the mass collectivization and elimination of kulaks as class for industrialization. Taking into account their consequences, the author proposes to consider these two complementary processes initiated by the leadership of the CPSU (B) as a preventive campaign to intimidate the rural population in order to return to the methods of surplus appropriation via formation of the collective farm system. It has been revealed that J.V. Stalin’s plans, in accordance with the Marxist-Leninist doctrine, included a rapid change in socio-economic status of peasants: from relatively free farmers, producers of agricultural products entitled to manage their crops (after paying the taxes) to hired workers, in other words, proletarians. According to the author, the large-scale famine of the first half of the 1930s was a direct consequence of the so-called “revolutionary transformations in agriculture,” the victims of which are still to be accurately calculated.
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Dědovský, Daniel. „The Continuity of the Traditional Livelihood of the Altai-Kizhi People in the Post-Soviet Period from the Perspective of Material Culture and Social Change“. HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE 14, Nr. 2 (15.11.2022): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2022.16.
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The livelihood of the Altai-Kizhi people saw two paradigm shifts during the 1900s: forcible collectivization at the turn of the 1930s, and its impromptu deconstruction in the 1990s. This paper observes the changes to the livelihood of the Altai-Kizhi following the collapse of the USSR with a particular focus on the area of material culture and social change. It investigates the issue of continuity of traditional culture patterns in modern society and their importance. Particular attention is paid to the form and function of farming buildings in the context of climatic conditions in the South Siberian Mountains, the veneration of the horse hitching post, the aspect of agriculture, and the relationship of the Altaians to their livestock.
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Chroust, David Zdeněk. „Keeping Soviet Russia in the Czech Diaspora?“ Canadian-American Slavic Studies 49, Nr. 4 (2015): 453–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04904006.
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The Hospodář was a twice-monthly magazine for Czech farmers in America, launched in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1891. In the 1920s it became more international as the United States shut out immigrants from Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union became a leading subject in its editorials, columns and especially the hundreds of reader letters published every year. Transnational families were a window into the Czech communities in Volhynia and Crimea. Social Democrats, Communists and others argued about the Soviet Union’s merits as a workers’ and peasants’ state. Agronomist Stanislav Kovář became a regular columnist in Vologda and then Novorossiisk on the NEP and then collectivization in Soviet agriculture. Tolerant, largely written by readers, without political or religious affiliation, and international, the Hospodář was a productive forum for experience, imagination and discourse in the international Czech diaspora on the early Soviet Union.
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Lion, Joel. „Israel–Ukraine: The Importance of History“. Diplomatic Ukraine, Nr. XX (2019): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2019-20.
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The interview deals with the impressions and experience of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the State of Israel to Ukraine as well as the most beneficial areas of bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and Israel. It is also mentioned that although Mr Ambassador officially presented his credentials to the President in November, he has been in Ukraine since the end of August, as staff turnover of Israeli diplomatic missions usually starts in summer. The article underscores that bilateral cooperation with Israel should, above all, be based on agricultural business because this sphere has a great potential to develop. It is desirable to find how states can intensively cooperate in the sphere of agriculture and agricultural technologies; how to develop real business and not just grow cereals. About 40,000 Ukrainian farmers, predominantly from Kherson and Odesa regions, have taken part in trainings on agricultural business for strengthening cooperation between the two states in this realm. Besides, Israel is becoming increasingly active in the area of physical rehabilitation. Mr Ambassador argues that a diplomat must have a sound knowledge of history. No less important is to understand the mindset of people of the receiving state. His Excellency has always wanted to serve his state, and there are only few means to do this. You may serve as a diplomat or military man or work at a non-governmental organisation or for people’s sake; however, in the sphere of diplomacy, Mr Ambassador is able to give his state a voice to speak with the world, which is the reason why he became a diplomat. It is stressed that stereotypes are the reason of many misfortunes in the world. People do not want to find the truth and discover new things and are thus mired in stereotypes, which is why Israel started to position itself as an open state, poised to show its true face. Israel is eager to display this unique combination of antique history, family values, innovations, spiritual traditions, etc. A diplomat should also try to combat stereotypes and present his country as it is. Key words: Israel, bilateral cooperation, agriculture, agricultural business, rights of women, features of a diplomat.
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Shakuova, R. A. „Press coverage of the consequences of famine in Kazakhstan and Ukraine: com- parative analysis“. Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. JOURNALISM Series 132, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7174-2020-132-3-40-45.
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One of the most tragic events in history was the artificial famine of 1929-1933 amongthe countries of the Soviet Union. As a result of the decision of the Communist Party to resettleKazakhs and forced collectivization, the country suffered from hunger and mass exhaustion.People, deprived of their property, food and water, experienced terrible events. The people ofUkraine did not escape such a fate either. The two countries that gained independence at thesame time reveal the secrets and truths of those dark years. In 2006, the Ukrainian parliamentdeclared the 1929-1933 famine «genocide», calling it a deliberate assassination attempt on thepeople. Scientists are looking for evidence of historical justice and damage to the people andproperty of the country. Kazakhstani historians and researchers also continue to work on therestoration of historical justice. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev instructed to create a specialstate commission to clarify the history of these years and establish historical justice. All this willhelp convey the true and reliable history of our sovereign country to the younger generation, paytribute to the innocent victims of the famine, as well as justify the names of the Kazakh intelligent’swho suffered from political repression. This article describes the tragic years in Kazakhstan andUkraine, which suffered the most from famine during the Soviet era.
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Alagozkyzy, G. „A policy of ‘dekulakization’ and deportations from the republic: on the example of special resettlers exiled from Kyrgyzstan to Ukraine (1930-1933)“. Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 140, Nr. 3 (2022): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-140-3-122-135.
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In this article, the author performs a study of kulaks exiled from the territory of Kyrgyzstan to the south of Ukraine in the 1930s. The study analyzes the evolution of the attitude of the Soviet regime towards the kulaks within the framework of the policy of collectivization. The author analyzed the goals of the repressive policy in the 30s of the twentieth century, the criteria, and the mechanism for selecting the repressed. The article also considers a number of the main problems of the history of mass repressions against the kulaks during the Great Terror in 1937-1938. The main attention is paid to identifying the specifics of repressive measures in relation to various target groups of order № 00447: former kulaks, participants in peasant uprisings, clergy, religious activists, and criminals. Based on the microhistorical approach, the focus of repressions on strengthening the collective farm system is determined. Documents gathered during the expedition searching for information about kulaks from the archives of Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, in which the author took part, was used as a source base for the article. Besides archival materials, oral histories gathered by the Esimde research platform from the families and descendants of kulaks deported to Ukraine, and open information published in the mass media were used.
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Stelnykovych, Sergiy, und Oleksandr Maksymov. „Stelnykovych S., Maksymov O. THE NAZI POLICY OF WORKFORCES MASS RELOCATION TO THE SOUTH OF THE REICH COMMISSARIAT «UKRAINE» IN 1942“. Intermarum history policy culture, Nr. 10 (30.06.2022): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112032.
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This paper aims to consider the Nazi policy of internal workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» in 1942. The methodology of the study incorporates general scientific and special historical methods alongside with the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have contributed to the complex representation of the history of the workforces relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat "Ukraine" in all its complexity and variety, in interconnection and interrelation with the events of that period. The principle of objectivity has facilitated the analysis of the discussed issue considering the objective historical regularities based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing specialized literature and sources. The principle of systematicity has allowed to obtain a holistic picture of the Nazi policy of the workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine». The scientific novelty of the paper is conditioned by the fact that it is the first research discussing the Nazi policy of internal workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» for using them in agriculture in 1942 on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. As the result, the authors conclude that the workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» in 1942 was initiated by the Nazi policy. They were used in agriculture there. Meanwhile, the occupational government began excessively sending the local people to work in Germany since spring 1942, which, in fact, jeopardized the campaign to relocate workforces to the south. As a result, the recruitment geography and their social composition were expanded. Consequently, the Nazi policy of sending the local people to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» in 1942 was not fully implemented. And this, in its turn, led to the total existing workforces exploitation.
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Ivantsov, Igor G. „Participation of the Regional Control Commissions of the AUCP (B) and Bodies of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspections of the Rabkrin in the Repressions of the Early 1930s: Archival Materials of the Kuban and Don“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 3 (2021): 904–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-3-904-915.
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The article has been written on the basis of archival materials of the early 1930s from the Documentation Center for the Contemporary History of the Krasnodar Krai. The article discusses the policies of the party bodies of the USSR, when conducting the policy of collectivization of agriculture and liquidation of kulaks as class. There has been no detailed study of the role of the regional party and state control in collectivization, dekulakization, and grain collections (khlebozagotovki), hence the novelty of the article. Direction of the repressions and control over them was largely carried out by the bodies of party-state control: Control Commissions of the AUCP (B) and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspections of the Rabkrin. Their activities were mostly closed-door. Collectivization management was mostly carried out by officials: communists, representatives of various party bodies and non-party organizations with prerequisite party cells and organizations. Their activity was directed and controlled by the local Control Commissions and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection in interaction with the OGPU, police, prosecutors, courts. They ordered to conduct collectivization and to destroy the kulaks (by means of arrest, confiscation, and deportation), while adhering to the appearance of legality, which engendered resistance and numerous violations of existing legislation. The duality of the party requirements resulted, on the one hand, in a drawn out period of repression. On the other hand, abuse that came to light was punished by means investigations, purges and checks, initiation of cases against the responsible parties, sometimes with their transfer to the prosecutor's office or court. Thus the most “zealous” were publicly punished or even repressed for their mismanagement of the party policy. Many local top men, feeling the duality and danger of their position, left their work and housing to hide away. At the same time, it turns out that the local Control Commissions and Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection understood their role in carrying out of the activities entrusted to them and believed that they had a right to facilitate them with most severe support of the state power and without any regard to legislation. Identification, study, and introduction to the scientific use of new documentary evidence of the era allows a deeper understanding of the dramatic essence of the mass repression processes occurring in the country.
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Ахметова, Р. Д., Г. А. Абенова und А. Ф. Даутова. „FROM THE HISTORY OF THE LIQUIDATION OF BAI FARMS IN THE SEMIPALATINSK IRTYSH REGION“. Вестник КазГЮИУ, Nr. 3(58) (10.10.2023): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.48501/9403.2023.82.77.010.
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Переустройство сельского хозяйства в Семипалатинском Прииртышье, как и в целом по всему Казахстану, проходило под лозунгом ликвидации кулачества и байства как класса. Цель представленной статьи - на основе анализа архивных источников и документов охарактеризовать аграрную политику Советского государства в казахской степи в 20-30-х годах ХХ века, рассмотреть особенности конфискации байских хозяйств как одного из ключевых моментов политики коллективизации. Известно, что сроки сплошной коллективизации были определены с учетом специфики экономического развития, форм хозяйствования оседло-земледельческих и кочевых, полукочевых (животноводческих) районов. Авторы отмечают, что реализация политики раскулачивания проводилась в Казахстане, в том числе и в Семипалатинском регионе, с нарушением закона, имели место «перегибы», допущенные при ликвидации кулацких и байских хозяйств, присвоение конфискованного имущества и т.д. Данные источников показывают, что политика советской власти была направлена на истребление зажиточных слоев кочевого общества, наиболее авторитетных людей, немалая часть которых пользовалась уважением в народе; их экономическое и общественное влияние в казахском ауле было огромным. Конфискация байских хозяйств имела тяжелые последствия для казахского общества, уничтожив в Казахстане традиционные хозяйственные отношения. В результате кампании по конфискации и дальнейшей насильственной коллективизации баев пострадала многовековая экономическая система казахского народа, духовные ценности, этническая социальная целостность казахского общества. The reorganization of agriculture in the Semipalatinsk Irtysh region, as well as throughout Kazakhstan, was carried out under the slogan of eliminating the kulaks and the bais as a class. The purpose of this article, based on the analysis of archival sources and documents, characterizes the agrarian policy of the Soviet state in the Kazakh steppe in the 1920s and 1930s, and examines the peculiarities of the confiscation of wealthy farms, such as bais, as one of the key moments of collectivization policy. It is known that the timing of the mass collectivization was determined taking into account the specifics of the economic development, the forms of sedentary-farming and nomadic, semi-nomadic (livestock-raising) areas. The authors note that the implementation of the dispossession policy was carried out in Kazakhstan, including in the Semipalatinsk region, in violation of the law, there were «excesses» committed during the liquidation of kulak and bais farms, appropriation of confiscated property, etc. The data from the sources show that the policy of the Soviet government was aimed at exterminating the prosperous layers of the nomadic society, including the most authoritative individuals, a significant number of whom enjoyed respect among the people, and their economic and social influence in the Kazakh village was enormous. The confiscation of wealthy farms had severe consequences for Kazakh society, destroying traditional economic relations in Kazakhstan. As a result of the campaign for the confiscation and further forced collectivization of the bais, the centuries-old economic system of the Kazakh people, spiritual values, and the ethnic social integrity of the Kazakh society suffered.
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Iakubovych, Igor. „Agrarian financial interventions as a legal model for the sale of grain: history and modernity“. Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, Nr. 4 (30.12.2020): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.61.
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The article outlines the features of the development of agricultural legislation of Ukraine aimed at regulation of agricultural financialinterventions with grain. Since 1995, there have been several legislative attempts in Ukraine to introduce state intervention procurementof agricultural products, primarily grain, but no effective mechanism for such operations has been introduced. The enshrinementin agrarian legislation of the model of agricultural interventions through the organized agricultural market, in particular the Agra -rian Exchange, deprived access to this form of state support and the method of selling grain to small and medium-sized producers. Stateagrarian interventions were not fully funded by the state. Significant defects are also inherent for the legal regulation of financial interventionswith grain. Proposals of agrarian law science to improve the legal regulation of agrarian interventions based on the internationalexperience were ignored by the legislator.The author argues that the exclusion in December 2020 from the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine»of the provisions, regulating such a form of state agricultural support as agricultural interventions, is unfounded and premature.The article conducts a comparative legal study of agricultural interventions in Ukraine and the EU, as a result of which the proposalsto restore the provisions of agrarian interventions in the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine» are substantiated.At the same time, legal regulation should be based on an updated model of agricultural interventions, which has to be basedon the EU regulations in this area, in particular: a) stabilization of the agricultural market in the mode of state intervention, primarilyoff-exchange trade; b) enshrining in the legislation of Ukraine a separate rule on the quality of products, offered for the interventionprocurement; c) the formation of minimum volumes of consignments of agricultural products, sold under state interventions.
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Camps Calvet, Marta, Santiago Gorostiza und David Saurí Pujol. „Cultivar bajo las bombas: La agricultura urbana y periurbana en Barcelona durante la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939“. Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, Nr. 84 (13.07.2021): 141–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.084e08c.
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Urban agriculture is key when food security is threatened, as in the cases of wars, which disrupt food production, conservation, transportation, and distribution systems. During the two World Wars of the 20th century, governments mobilized civilians to participate in food production and to increase morale by contributing to the war effort from the rearguard. Unlike these cases, food production in Spanish cities during the civil war of 1936-1939 has received little attention. Using documentation from different public and private archives, press clips, and personal testimonies, this article explores the socio-environmental history of agricultural production in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War. On the one hand, we analysed the collectivization of agriculture in the municipality of Barcelona, carried out by the Colectividad Agrícola de Barcelona y su Radio (CNT), involving at its peak some 3,500 workers managing 850 hectares of crops. On the other hand, this Collective coexisted with an expansion of home gardens for self-consumption in the city as food supplies became scarcer. Both initiatives contributed to maintaining a precarious food supply until the occupation of the city by Franco's troops in January 1939.
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Grechenko, V. A., und V. I. Moskovets. „Activity of militia on counteracting crime in Ukrainian SSR in the mid-1930s“. Law and Safety 68, Nr. 1 (09.11.2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2018.1.02.
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The subject matter of the study is the main aspects of the militia activity of Ukraine on combating crime in the mid-1930s. The novelty of the work is that this problem has not been researched in the historical and legal literature yet.
The authors of the research have used historical, statistical, formal and logical methods. The facts about different directions of militia activities have been generalized. It has been noted that the criminal situation in Ukraine in the 1930s intensified, which became the consequence of the processes of industrialization, solid collectivization, mass dispossession of the kulaks and the Holodomor. Robberies, thefts, bodily harm and murders were widespread in the Republic. The main damage to the state was caused not by the gangs that carried out robberies and attacks on trains, warehouses and shops, but “offenses at the place of work” – large theft of money and goods carried out by the administration, and petty thefts by ordinary workers. Therefore, the fight against crime remained the most important direction of the activities of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. The attitude towards juvenile delinquency and methods of combating it changed. Penalty policy has shifted from preventive and educational measures to repressive actions against juvenile offenders, who committed crimes. In order to improve the activities of militia, certain attention was paid to improving the work of investigators and district inspectors, covert intelligence and information work, public involvement into countering crime. As a result, it was possible to achieve a certain reduction in the overall level of crime. However, the number of cases of some types of crime (hooliganism) even increased, and new types of crimes (passport forgery) appeared. There was also a politicization of crime, which was a manifestation of the strengthening of the totalitarian regime in the Republic.
The materials of the article can be used for teaching the discipline “History of the State and Law of Ukraine” and the special course “History of Law Enforcement Agencies of Ukraine”.
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Hryhorieva, K. A. „The twentieth anniversary of the Law of Ukraine "On state support of the agriculture of Ukraine": is there a future?“ Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, Nr. 2 (11.05.2024): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.02.58.
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The article analyzes the twenty-year history of the existence of the special Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine". Adopted in 2004, this Law was the need of the hour - it became a key legislative act, which actually laid the foundation for the further qualitative development of agro-protection law. The twenty-year existence of this Law requires an analysis of its evolution and problematic issues, determination of development trends and real impact on social relations. Such a fundamental analysis will make it possible to answer the main question: is this Law able to effectively regulate agro-protection relations in today's complex conditions, taking into account the war and post-war challenges. The conducted research was structured according to three stages of the transformation of the Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine”: the stage of approbation of the primary model (2004-2008); the stage of anti-crisis modernization (20092019); stage of forced modernization (2020 - until today). In general, after analyzing the twenty- year history of the evolution of the Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine”, we can conclude that this Law does not fulfill the socially important tasks assigned to it. It had the most conceptual appearance in its initial edition; the least conceptual - today. A significant part of its norms throughout the period of its existence remained declarative, which in general had an extremely negative impact on the regulation of agricultural protection relations: declarative, nonworking norms created a distorted image of the current system of state support for agriculture. The current agricultural protection legislation does not provide for any "pillars”, i.e., key legal support mechanisms - instead, the Law now contains a scattered list of individual mechanisms with a greater or lesser degree of detail in their regulation. Even the state of war and the need for special support of agricultural producers in the period 2022-2024 did not push the lawmaker to conceptual reform of the current agricultural protection legislation, but the urgent need for its implementation is already obvious.
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Wolowyna, Oleh, Nataliia Levchuk und Alla Kovbasiuk. „Monthly Distribution of 1933 Famine Losses in Soviet Ukraine and the Russian Soviet Republic at the Regional Level“. Nationalities Papers 48, Nr. 3 (31.03.2020): 530–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.52.
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AbstractOne of the distinct characteristics of the 1932–1933 famine is that between 65 and 80 percent of all famine-related deaths (direct losses) in rural areas of Soviet Ukraine (UkrSSR) and its oblasts and some regions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) occurred during the first six or seven months of 1933, and that in all oblasts of UkrSSR and some regions of RSFSR the number of famine losses increased by a factor of six to 15 between January and June–July of 1933. The historical explanation of this sudden explosion of deaths is critically examined, and a more comprehensive explanation is proposed. We show that the regional variations in these increases in losses are correlated with four factors: extensive household searches for grain with all food taken away in many instances, closing of inter-republic borders and limitation of internal travel by peasants, resistance to collectivization and grain requisitions and repressions, and the “nationality factor.” Analysis of the monthly dynamics of rural losses during the first half of 1933 suggests a possible independent confirmation of the hypothesis that during the searches for “hidden” or “stolen” grain, all food was taken away in many households.
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Mashevskyi, O. „UKRAINE IN EUROPEAN HISTORICAL PROCESSES. REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT: Vidnianskyi, S. (Ed.). (2020). Ukraine in the History of Europe of the 19th – Early 21st Century: Historical Essays. A Monograph. Kyiv: Instite of History of Ukraine of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.“ Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, Nr. 145 (2020): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.145.15.
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The chronological boundaries of the collective monograph cover a long historical period, which extends to the era of European Modernism and continues to the modern (current) history of European Postmodernism. The key thesis of the team of authors of the monograph is the idea of systemic belonging of Ukraine to European civilization as its component, which interacts with other parts of the system. The first chapter of the peer-reviewed collective monograph "European receptions of Ukraine in the XIX century" shows the reflection of the Ukrainian problem in the German-language literature of the first half of the XIX century, taking into account new archival document, the development of Ukraine’s relations with other Slavic peoples is traced, and the peculiarities of Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations are considered as a separate case study. An interesting paragraph of the collective monograph devoted to cultural, educational and scientific cooperation of Dnieper Ukraine with European countries. This information illustrates well how the Industrial Revolution radically changed the face of the planet, brought new scientific experience that gave room for the development of the capitalist system, and with them, the Industrial Revolution brought social problems, environmental disasters that still cannot be solved. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) formulated the "iron law of wages", according to which workers can receive only a living wage. The second chapter of the collective monograph "The Ukrainian Question and Ukraine in the European History of the Twentieth Century" presents an integrated narrative of Ukrainian national history in the light of the European history of the two world wars and their consequences. The First World War, or the Great War, undoubtedly became a turning point in European history and, accordingly, in the national histories of European countries. The historical experience of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people for the right to European development is covered in the paragraph of the collective monograph "Ukrainian Diplomatic Service 1917-1924". The vicissitudes of Stalin's industrialization and collectivization and their impact on the Ukrainian SSR's relations with European states in the 1920s and 1930s are highlighted in terms of continuity of ties with Europe. A separate regional example of the situation is covered on the example of the history of Transcarpathia on the eve of World War II. The third chapter of the collective monograph "Independent Ukraine in the European integration space" highlights the features of Ukraine's current positioning in Europe. After the collapse of the USSR, ideological obstacles to the development of globalization were overcome. The American political scientist F.Fukuyama in his work "The End of History" concluded the final victory of liberal ideology. This section of the peer-reviewed collective monograph also highlights the position of the international community on the Crimean referendum in 2014, analyzes the policy of Western European countries on the Ukrainian-Russian armed conflict on the example of the policy of Germany, France and Austria. The research result is a separate model of reality, which is reproduced with the help of a certain perception and awareness of the historian. In this sense, the author's team of the monograph has achieved the goal of creating a meaningful narrative that highlights the place of Ukraine at different stages of modern and postmodern European history. From the point of view of the general perception of the narrative offered to the reader, the authors of the collective monograph managed to harmonize individual stylistic features in a conceptually unified text, the meanings of which will be interesting to both professional historians and students and the general readership.
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Gorbanyuk, V. O. „The cooperative movement in rural areas should be a priority in reforming of agriculture (opportunities, realities and economic efficiency of its approval)“. Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, Nr. 86 (27.02.2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8605.
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The history of rural cooperatives in Ukraine is quite deep. It includes both national characteristics and certain global trends. Today in Ukraine the cooperative movement in the agro-industrial complex is primarily connected with the implementation of a comprehensive, agrarian, incl. land reform. The legal and normative mechanisms of socio-economic relations in the village are regulated by the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Code of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Farmers», the Law of Ukraine «On Personal Peasant Economy», the Law of Ukraine «On State Support to Agriculture», the Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individuals-Enterprises and Public Formations», the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Advisory Activities», the Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation», the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation». These legislative acts determine that an agricultural cooperative is an important form of management, an integral part of a multi-faceted economy in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. However, it should be noted that at present the potential of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine remains poorly implemented, in particular, the establishment of multi-functional cooperatives, which in turn can form higher-level associations by sector or territory, act as founders of different types of enterprises, have their own competitive representations in the regions of Ukraine and abroad. Today should be answered rather effective is the prospect of introducing an integrated multi-profit agricultural service cooperatives built on profitable pricing under conditions of self-sufficient local communities combined with the experience and practices of the developed countries of Europe and the world. Does farmers need a real serving non-profit agricultural cooperative. The answer to this should be given by the conducted research, and the analysis of the existing experience. The history of Ukraine, including Galicia, had a positive experience in the functioning of rural cooperation. And in the world the particular importance are agricultural cooperatives which unite the efforts of rural producers in solving not only economic and social problems in the rural areas.
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Huang (黄宗智), Philip C. C. „“Whither Chinese Agriculture?”: An Introduction (“中国农业往哪里去？”——导论)“. Rural China 14, Nr. 2 (20.09.2017): 197–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01402001.
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This article attempts to provide a broad overview response to the question: Whence and whither Chinese agriculture? The point of departure is a summary and discussion of the ten articles of this symposium, five empirical and theoretical discussions from economic historians, two from scholars doing solid and illuminating research on the “new agriculture,” and finally three that explore the issue of what road Chinese agriculture should adopt for the future. The article places the agricultural and rural history of the People’s Republic into the broad perspective of changes since the eighteenth century. It distinguishes between cooperativization, collectivization, and the people’s communes, and between the open-field “old” grain agriculture and the high-value-added “new agriculture.” It examines the differences between the New World’s “lots of land and few people” and the East Asian “lots of people and little land” agricultures, and the former’s land-and-capital-dual-intensifying and the latter’s labor-and-capital-dual-intensifying paths of modern change. From that perspective, it examines the successes and failures of the people’s communes vs. cooperativization–collectivization, of dragon-head enterprises vs. small peasants, and of the American specialty co-ops vs. the East Asian integrated co-ops.本文试图对中国的农业从哪里来、到哪里去的问题做一个总体性的讨论。文章从对本专辑的十篇论文的总结和讨论出发。首先是五篇经验和理论探索的经济史论文，而后是两篇扎实和充满阐释性的关于近三十多年来兴起的“新农业”的研究，最后是三篇关于当前的农业与农村发展道路的探索。文章从18世纪以来的社会经济史视角来检视人民共和国农业发展的历史，区别合作化、集体化、人民公社化，以及“旧”大田（谷物）农业与高附加值“新农业”。文章论述地多人少的“新大陆”农业与人多地少的东亚农业，区别前者的土地与资本双密集化和后者的劳动与资本双密集化的不同现代演变道路,据此来检视人民公社VS. 合作化-集体化，“龙头企业”VS.小农经济，以及美国“专业合作社”VS. 东亚综合农协模式的得失。 (This article is in English.)
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Burliai, Alina, Oleksandr Burliai, Yulia Nesterchuk und Alla Revutska. „Features of Organic Agricultural Products Functioning in EU and Ukraine“. Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 8, Nr. 2 (01.11.2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2019-0012.
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Abstract Organic agriculture ensures a balanced state of the ecosystem, which is the key to sustainable development of the economic and social spheres of society. European countries are in the process of historical development reached an understanding on the need for its further ecological progress. That is why the world market for organic products has formed. Studies show that the development of organic production began in the 20‘s of the twentieth century. Since then, markets for organic products began to grow rapidly in many countries. Among the world‘s regions, the largest areas of organic land are located in Oceania and Europe. The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in the development of ecological agriculture. The variety of names of ecological systems of management in the countries of the world and the principles which are included in the concept “ecological agriculture“ are studied. The history of the emergence of organic agriculture has been explored. The analysis of the development of organic agricultural production at the world level, the countries of Europe and the European Union (EU) and individual countries has been analyzed. A grouping of organic farms in Europe has been organized in terms of size. Ukraine, with its significant natural and economic potential in the future may also be one of the important subjects that will form a proposal in this market. The environmental policy of the country has an important influence on the efficiency of organic farms.
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Ilyinykh, Vladimir A. „PERSONAL HOUSEHOLD PLOTS OF WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIA IN THE 1930S: DYNAMICS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS“. Ural Historical Journal 76, Nr. 3 (2022): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-144-152.
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Formation of a new model of agrarian system was the result of mass collectivization in the USSR. Collective farms were its organizational and production basis. The second largest sector of agriculture in terms of production potential consisted of personal household plots. They were main producers of potatoes, vegetables and milk, and a significant part of meat products. Soviet and Russian historiography has paid main attention to the study of the personal plots of collective farmers, overlooking the dynamics of personal plots of workers and employees. The author of the article reconstructs factors and trends of development of personal household plots of workers and employees in Siberia in the 1930s. It was found that in the early 1930s the size of personal plots of this category of population was minimal. State farm workers were prohibited from personal farming, and personal household plots of other categories of workers and employees were taxed at the rates of individual farmers. After the 1932–1933 mass famine, several restrictions on the development of personal household plots were canceled. Level of its taxation was decreased. Liberalization of state policy and an increasing part of workers and employees in population of the region led to a rapid growth in production potential of their personal plots. Development rate of workers and employees’ personal plots was higher than that of collective farmers. In the late 1930s a campaign took place to limit the size of personal household plots. Taxation was increased. This led to decline in the personal sector of agricultural economy.
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LOGOSHA, Roman, und Olha KHAIETSKA. „STATE LAND BANK: HISTORY OF CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD“. 3, Nr. 3(57) (28.09.2021): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2021-3-3.
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The article presents retrospective analysis of the creation and development of the State Land Bank in Ukraine. It is substantiated that for the effective functioning of the land market, among other components, the functioning of proper infrastructure and system of state control is necessary, when the State Land Bank or other specialized state institution plays an important role and performs the functions of the market regulator and land manager. Study of the peculiarities of the functioning of mortgage lending systems at foreign countries and the possibility of applying foreign experience for the development of mortgage relations in agriculture of Ukraine are conducted. The perfect infrastructure of the mortgage and credit market ensures high efficiency of mortgage relations. It is identified that important elements of the infrastructure of the mortgage market in many countries are: land cadastre and centralized credit bureau with access of banks to their information in real time, centralized real estate database; stock exchanges, clearing centers and the clearing system of the central bank, specialized banks and structures (corporations, funds, management), state trust guarantee funds. In today's conditions, when Ukrainian agricultural producers use land on lease, the expediency of creating the appropriate state institutions, including the establishment of the State Land (Mortgage) Bank, is growing. Its functioning will promote to: the development of mortgages on agricultural land; improve the conditions of medium- and long-term lending secured by land to meet the needs of agricultural producers and the population living in rural areas; expand the possibilities of agricultural production; provide regulation of the pricing process for land plots; ensure the effective operation of the land redistribution mechanism; will help attract investment in agriculture and additional investments in land to maintain its fertility, etc.
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CHYHRYNETS, Serhii. „The concept of financial ensuring the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises in the context of the recovery plan of Ukraine “New Agrarian Policy”“. Naukovi pratsi NDFI 2023, Nr. 1 (10.09.2023): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/npndfi2023.01.071.
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The article examines the economic essence and features of financial support for the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of martial law and provides recommendations for improving their development in the conditions of post-war recovery. The author carried out a SWOT analysis (analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. The key challenges, opportunities and limitations for agricultural enterprises in the context of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine “New Agrarian Policy” were systematized and researched. The article analyzes financial support in the context of attracting international and state aid by agricultural enterprises in 2022-2023. The concept of financial support for the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises in the context of the recovery plan of Ukraine “New Agrarian Policy” is studied, its purpose, principles, tasks, stages of implementation are presented as well as information base, methods and forms of financial support for agricultural enterprises, sources of financial support for agricultural enterprises, etc. The author emphasized the need to adopt a number of draft laws regarding the improvement of financial support for the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises in the context of the recovery plan of Ukraine “New Agrarian Policy”, in particular such as the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On State Support of Agriculture in Ukraine”; Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On State Portfolio Guarantees”; Draft Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving the Efficiency of Use of Agricultural Land by Subjects of the State Sector of the Economy”, etc.
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Shevchenko, Alіsa. „Determіnants of Economіc Development of Agrіculture in Ukraіne“. Modern Economics 38, Nr. 1 (20.04.2023): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v38(2023)-28.
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Abstract. Introduction. The agricultural sector is an important component of the economy of Ukraine and has a decisive influence on the socio-economic development of the regions and the general standard of living of the population. Ukraine is one of the leading producers of agricultural products in the world, but at the same time, the country's agriculture has significant problems, such as low production efficiency, backwardness of technologies, insufficient financing, underdeveloped infrastructure, and others. The study of the determinants of the economic development of agriculture in Ukraine will help determine the key factors that influence the development of this industry and develop effective measures to improve its condition. Such factors include the political situation, human resources, legal support, the level of technological equipment, the level of state support, the degree of competition in the market, and others. Purpose. The purpose of the artіcle іs to reveal the іnfluence of the maіn determіnants on the economіc development of agrіculture іn Ukraіne. Results. According to the results of the conducted research, the priority factors of the economic development of agriculture in Ukraine are outlined: balanced state regulation; creation of incentives for the development of small and mediumsized enterprises engaged in agricultural production products by encouraging them to invest in startups, as well as in innovative modern technologies; unification of farmers into production and service agricultural cooperatives; increase in the specific weight of livestock products in the structure of Ukraine's GDP; transition to resource-saving and energy-saving production technologies products; increasing the production of ecologically safe products; compliance with the principles of circular economy. Conclusіons. The economic development of agriculture is formed and ensured by determinants that have a tendency to change, influence in a specific period of time or in a specific situation. The principles of agricultural development in the field of production organization are the balance of its development according to economic, technological, social and ecological determinants. In modern conditions, the political and legal determinant is gaining increasing importance. This proves the need for constant monitoring of such changes.