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1
Fitzgerald, Scott. „Cooperative Collective Action: Framing Faith-Based Community Development“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 14, Nr. 2 (01.06.2009): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.14.2.2vq3x29k57l842q3.
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Drawing from social movement and organization theories, data from an in-depth comparative analysis of three faith-based community development organizations (FBCDOs) in the United States are examined as a form of cooperative collective action. The diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational frames produced by each organization, and the role these frames play in developing and maintaining relationships with the state, are detailed. These collective action frames (1) link sectarian religious values to broad community development goals, and (2) do not fundamentally challenge the prevailing economic and political systems. Empirically, the findings clarify important issues and dynamics related to emerging movements, the modern welfare state, and church-state relations by specifying how values, beliefs, and structural location shape the actions of FBCDOs engaged in state-sponsored religious social service provision. Theoretically, it demonstrates the utility of more precise analytical distinctions between types of collective action and suggests new directions for research on movements for change.
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Matsueda, Ross L. „Differential social organization, collective action, and crime“. Crime, Law and Social Change 46, Nr. 1-2 (14.12.2006): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9045-1.
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Gloor, Peter, Kai Fischbach, Julia Gluesing, Ken Riopelle und Detlef Schoder. „Creating the collective mind through virtual mirroring based learning“. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 32, Nr. 3 (08.05.2018): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-10-2017-0081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that virtual mirroring-based learning allows members of an organization to see how they communicate with others in a visual way, by applying principles of “social quantum physics” (empathy, entanglement, reflect, reboot), to become better communicators and build a shared “DNA” within their organization. Design/methodology/approach E-mail based social network analysis creates virtual maps of communication – social landscapes – of organizations, similar to Google Maps, which creates geographical maps of a person’s surroundings. Findings Applying virtual mirroring-based learning at various mulitnational firms has significantly increased their organizational efficiency and performance, for instance increasing customer satisfaction by 18 per cent in a large services organization, increasing retention, making sales forecasts, and improving call center employee satisfaction. Research limitations/implications To address concerns of individual privacy, the guiding principle is to give individual information to the individual and provide aggregated anonymized information to management. Originality/value Virtual mirroring-based learning offers a unique way of creating collective awareness within an organization by empowering the individual to take corrective action aligned with collective action, and improves their own communication behavior through analyzing and visualizing their e-mail archive in novel ways, while giving strategic insight to management and improving organizational culture.
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Kahn-chae, Na. „Collective Action and Organization in the Gwangju Uprising*“. New Political Science 25, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393140307196.
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Simpson, Brent, Robb Willer und Cecilia L. Ridgeway. „Status Hierarchies and the Organization of Collective Action“. Sociological Theory 30, Nr. 3 (September 2012): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735275112457912.
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Wilhoit, Elizabeth D., und Lorraine G. Kisselburgh. „Collective Action Without Organization: The Material Constitution of Bike Commuters as Collective“. Organization Studies 36, Nr. 5 (18.02.2015): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840614556916.
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Sokolov, Alexander V. „Features of collective action in modern Russia: dynamics, digitalization and results“. Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 6, Nr. 1 (15.03.2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2020-1-30-45.
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The article deal with the analysis of the phenomenon of collective action. A review of modern ideas about the features of collective action, mass action in politics is made. The great importance of collective identity in the process of organizing and implementing of collective actions is indicated. The network nature of modern collective actions and the significant influence of information and communication technologies in the process of their organization are noted. To illustrate the features of collective action in Russia, the article presents the results of a longitudinal study of collective action conducted since 2014 by interviewing experts from various regions of the Russian Federation (annual sample of at least 14 Russian regions and at least 155 experts). The study allows us to identify the dynamics of the activity of collective actions, the features of their organization, the trends of cooperation, the intensity of protest actions. The conclusion is made about the slowdown in the growth of civic activism and collective action. Relative growth is observed only in their manifestation on the Internet. There is a gradual decrease in the politicization of collective action and youth involvement in mass action. At the same time, the role of Internet tools in organizing politicized collective actions is increasing. The article analyzes the actors of collective action. It is concluded that the development of the Internet is a factor contributing to the formation of wider coalitions in the process of organizing and carrying out of collective actions and the increasing activity of unregistered public associations. It is indicated that there is a tendency for the development of network characteristics of collective actions in modern Russia.
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Khneisser, Mona. „The marketing of protest and antinomies of collective organization in Lebanon“. Critical Sociology 45, Nr. 7-8 (10.09.2018): 1111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920518792069.
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With the onset of the garbage crisis in Lebanon in July 2015, the unbearable odors and mounting heaps of waste presented the tipping point for people’s growing anger and resentment against self-serving political elites, debilitating public services, and deteriorating socio-economic conditions. In response, the socio-political scene witnessed significant developments following the eruption of popular discontent, with the multiplication of media-savvy protest groups, followed by the rise of “independent” municipal electoral campaigns and, most recently, the emergence of a “non-traditional” “political party experiment.” Running under the elusive banner of “civil society,” emerging collective actions have all been attempting to advance “alternative” forms of organization and political participation. Examining three contentious and intriguing developments that have captured public attention, namely Al-Hirak, Beirut Madinati, and Sabaa, this article explores the antinomies of collective organization and action in the building of political “alternatives.” The research makes use of a thorough content analysis of Facebook campaigning posts and interview data and engages with literature on “new” social movements, digital activism, and collective organization to explore collective actors’ contending relations to “the political” at the organizational level. The research concludes that rather than reconcile individuals with political participation through lasting organizational frameworks and coherent political “alternatives,” novel forms of collective organization increasingly conform to a global neoliberal logic of action that is increasingly fragmentary, individualizing and commercializing, and a fleeting logic of organization that is mostly unaccountable and unrepresentative.
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Katz, Harry C., Rosemary Batt und Jeffrey H. Keefe. „The Revitalization of the CWA: Integrating Collective Bargaining, Political Action, and Organizing“. ILR Review 56, Nr. 4 (Juli 2003): 573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390305600402.
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This case study of the Communications Workers of America (CWA) demonstrates the value of resource dependence and contingency organizational theories—two branches of organization theory, which has most commonly been used to interpret firm behavior—for analyzing union revitalization. Consistent with predictions of those theories, the CWA responded to a changed environment by abandoning strategies that no longer achieved organizational objectives, but retaining and bolstering strategies that continued to be effective. Furthermore, like the organizations analyzed in Jeffrey Pfeffer and Gerald Salancik's classic exposition of resource dependency theory, in the face of heightened environmental complexity and uncertainty the CWA used political action, growth strategies, and inter-organizational linkages to gain advantage. The CWA conformed to another prediction of contingency theory by using an integration strategy—specifically, by making simultaneous and interactive use of activities in collective bargaining, politics, and organizing—to spur innovation and respond to environmental complexity and uncertainty.
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Kosygina, K. E. „ACTIVITIES OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF COLLECTIVE ACTION“. Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Sociology. Pedagogy. Psychology 7 (73), Nr. 1 (2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1709-2021-7-1-18-34.
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The article analyzes the activities of non-profit organizations in terms of the theory of collective action. The results of the study are presented from the general issues of the creation and characteristics of the activities of non-profit sector organizations to private practices that reflect the results of their work in the context of organizing joint activities of citizens. The theoretical part of the study is devoted to the theory of collective action and the concepts of the origin of non-profit organizations. It is revealed that the theory of collective action proposed by M. Olson may be the starting point in considering the emergence and functioning of nonprofit organizations. Further, based on an analysis of the characteristics of the organizational and legal forms of non-profit organizations by the method of team formation, it is proved that non-profit organizations are an organized form of voluntary collective action. Using official statistics (the sample survey – Comprehensive observation of the living conditions of the population) it was found that the level of population involvement in social practices is still at a fairly low level, but has growth potential, since a tendency to increase civil participation in three years is revealed the activities of the institutions in question. On the example of two cases (Moscow and Perm Territory), the effectiveness of the work of public organizations as organizers of collective actions is proved. The conclusion talks about the development prospects of the non-profit sector. In the face of a difficult economic situation, the issue of maintaining a positive direction of collective action in partnership with large business that is interested in maintaining civil consent and with stable state support is on the agenda. A promising area of research may be the study of the form of collective action through the organization of initiative groups that work without state registration and the formation of a legal entity, this form is mainly prevalent in small towns, especially in rural areas.
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Doidge, Craig, Alexander Dyck, Hamed Mahmudi und Aazam Virani. „Collective Action and Governance Activism*“. Review of Finance 23, Nr. 5 (17.05.2019): 893–933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfz008.
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Abstract We examine how an investor collective action organization (ICAO) enhances activism by institutional investors. The ICAO initiated a new form of engagement—private meetings with independent directors to discuss governance proposals. Compared with a single investor acting alone, the ICAO has stronger incentives to engage in activism. Its dollar holdings and voting power are six times larger and predict direct access to the board and the firms it engages. Firms engaged by the ICAO are at least 58% more likely than non-engaged firms to adopt the ICAO’s governance proposals that include adoption of majority voting, say-on-pay, and specific compensation policies. Engaged firms also increase CEO incentive pay. An event study around the announcement of the ICAO’s formation shows a positive impact on value that increases in both dollar holdings and voting power. We conclude that institutional investors improve governance outcomes through collective action.
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Belkhamza, Zakariya, und Syed Azizi Wafa. „Validating the organizational context measure for collective learning: a managerial action perspective“. Learning Organization 21, Nr. 4 (06.05.2014): 222–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-02-2012-0012.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to validate an instrument for the Ghoshal and Bartlett model and operationalize its four attributes into a multidimensionality instrument questionnaire. This study operationalizes the four attributes, namely, discipline, support, trust and stretch, into a multidimensionality instrument questionnaire and tests this instrument's validation using data from 317 Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor-status companies. Design/methodology/approach – This paper follows the procedures of building a scale measure. This was carried out in three main stages. The first stage is the generation of scale items. The purpose of this stage is to identify and analyze items based on intensive literature review. The second stage is the assessment of face validity to ensure the correspondence between the individual items and the constructs intended to measure. The final stage is the statistical validation, which includes the assessment of validity and reliability of the introduced instrument. Findings – The paper introduces 23 multidimensional questionnaire items, which contribute to organizational context dimensions. The statistical analysis that followed the conceptual development shows that the presented instrument has good psychometric properties. The validity and reliability of the scale were presented and discussed. Research limitations/implications – This paper suggests that these organizational context dimensions can be investigated with a high degree of confidence, especially when applied to organizations with different climate. To improve the robustness of the model, additional testing in different contexts and cultures may be necessary. Future research may also test the validity of the instrument using larger sample data. Practical implications – The measure offers researchers a comprehensive and flexible approach to the assessment of organizational context and collective learning from a managerial action perspective. This measure may be useful for a broad range of research interests, enabling researchers to investigate some theoretical propositions related to managerial action, such as the relationship between organizational climate and organizational performance. The measure also helps to establish the relationship between organizational context and collective learning in the organization. Originality/value – This study helps to fill the gap in the development of the organizational climate through both conceptual and empirical work. There is therefore a need for a measured, testable instrument to facilitate the empirical evaluation by the modern organization. This measure also contributes toward a better understanding of the managerial role. This managerial role has an imperative role in crafting the behavior of the organization’s members, developing collective learning through distributed initiatives and mutual cooperation.
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Hellin, Jon, Mark Lundy und Madelon Meijer. „Farmer organization, collective action and market access in Meso-America“. Food Policy 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 2009): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.003.
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Skogan, Wesley G. „Communities, Crime, and Neighborhood Organization“. Crime & Delinquency 35, Nr. 3 (Juli 1989): 437–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035003008.
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It is widely believed that voluntary action by neighborhood residents can play an important role in maintaining order. However, the ability of individuals to act in defense of their community is constrained by the opportunities for action that are available to them. Participation in collective efforts against crime is confined to places where the existence of local organizations makes that possible. The distribution of group activity across the metropolitan landscape thus defines the “opportunity structure” for local collective action. This article examines the impact of serious crime, the economic and social resources residents have to draw upon to deal with neighborhood problems, and their characteristic relationships with the police, upon those opportunities to participate in organized efforts to combat crime.
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Sheng, Zhiming. „Organizational mobilization, action strategy and opportunity structure: Factors affecting the results of homeowners’ collective actions“. Chinese Journal of Sociology 3, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2017): 548–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x17721851.
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Based on perspectives of organizational mobilization, action strategy and political opportunity structure, this study systematically examines the effects of five factors – type of dispute, number of participants, rights-defending method, homeowners’ organization, and government response – on the results of homeowners’ collective actions by analyzing data collected from 191 cases of homeowners’ rights protection activities that took place in China between 1999 and 2012. Findings include the following: (1) in administrative disputes and mixed disputes which involve government departments, homeowners are less likely to successfully protect their interests than in other types of disputes; (2) mobilizing a certain number of participants is conducive to homeowners achieving a satisfactory result, but this does not mean that the more participants are mobilized, the more likely they are to succeed in a collective protest; (3) different kinds of rights protection methods and their combinations influence the results of homeowners’ rights-defending activities; (4) non-institutionalized radical actions do not help homeowners to realize their claims; (5) a well-functioning homeowners’ organization which truly represents the interests of homeowners can significantly increase the success rate of a homeowners’ collective action; and (6) government maladministration (improper intervention or administrative nonfeasance) severely hinders homeowners from successfully defending their legitimate rights and interests. These findings confirm the reality of a strong state and weak society in contemporary China.
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Coşkan, Canan, Yasemin Gülsüm Acar und Aydın Bayad. „Revealing the manifestations of neoliberalism in academia: Academic collective action in Turkey“. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 9, Nr. 2 (07.09.2021): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.7077.
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Academic Collective Action (ACA) stands as a small-scale collective action for social change toward liberation, independence and equity in academia. Academic collectives in Turkey, as an example of ACA, prefigure building academia outside the university by emphasizing the extent to which neoliberal academia has already prepared the groundwork for more recent waves of oppression. In this research, we aim to reveal the manifestations of neoliberalism in ACA as captured with prominent social/political psychological concepts of collective action. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 dismissed academics to understand the social and political psychological processes in academic collectives. The narrations of ACA were accompanied by manifestations of neoliberalism as experienced by dismissed academics. We found that, as follows from the existing conceptual tools of collective action, neoliberalism serves as an embedded contextual factor in the process of ACA. This becomes mostly visible for grievances but also for collective identifications, politicization, motivations, finding/allocating resources and sustaining academic collectives. We provide a preliminary basis to understand the role of neoliberalism in organization, mobilization and empowerment dynamics of collective action.
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Naidu, Suresh, und Adam Reich. „Collective Action and Customer Service in Retail“. ILR Review 71, Nr. 4 (14.12.2017): 986–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917748601.
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This article examines the relationship between workplace collective action at a large retail employer and customers’ perceptions of service. The authors show that increases in workplace collective action, as measured by signed labor organization membership cards, are associated with lower customer ratings of service, as measured by Yelp reviews. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 80 workers, the authors discuss several possible explanations for the negative association between worker organizing and customer service, arguing that this correlation poses an underappreciated obstacle for labor organizing in the service sector.
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Socha, R. „THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING HIERARCHIZED FORMATIONS“. Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 20 (23.01.2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.20.2019.04.
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Summary: The key element in the command problem is the term action. From the point of view of the degree of organization of the action, we can distinguish: individual actions, collective actions and team actions. We talk about indi-vidual action if one person performs certain activities in conditions that do not require the cooperation of other people. In turn, we are dealing with collective actions when, at the same time and place, different people perform separate actions leading to the achievement of the intended goal, and these are independent actions, which do not require division of work. Team activities, on the other hand, are activities during which a group of people performs specific activities to collectively achieve a set goal. The study presents the main issues related to commanding in hierarchical formations, i.e. the army, police or fire brigade. The work was divided into several parts, referring respectively to the general characteristics of hier-archical organizations, relations between management and management and command in these organizations, as well as the rules of command. The study assumes that the concept is associated with command, i.e. action, which is a fundamental praxeological concept. An action understood as any behavior aimed at a specific purpose. The thesis was also accepted that this action was: the will realized, transformed into action; pursuit of a specific goal; intended subject's reaction to external stimuli and circumstances. However, the goal of action is the state of affairs, which being valuable in some respects for the actor, sets the direction and structure of his conduct. The scientific problem was brought back from the question: are we dealing in hierarchical formations with leadership, management or command.
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Struben, Jeroen, Brandon H. Lee und Christopher B. Bingham. „Collective Action Problems and Resource Allocation During Market Formation“. Strategy Science 5, Nr. 3 (September 2020): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2020.0105.
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Collective action is critical for successful market formation. However, relatively little is known about how and under what conditions actors overcome collective action problems to successfully form new markets. Using the benefits of simulation methods, we uncover how collective action problems result from actor resource allocation decisions interacting with each other and how the severity of these problems depends on central market- and actor-related characteristics. Specifically, we show that collective action problems occur when actors undervalue the benefits of market-oriented resource allocation and when actors contribute resources that are imperfectly substitutable. Furthermore, we show that collective action problems occur when actors are embedded in networks with others sharing a similar role in market formation. Collectively, our findings contribute new insights to organization theory regarding collective action and market formation and to strategy on value creation and strategic decision making regarding resource allocation.
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Lee, Se-In. „Consumer Collective Redress in Korea - focused on consumer organization action and consumer collective dispute mediation -“. KANGWON LAW REVIEW 58 (31.10.2019): 615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18215/kwlr.2019.58..615.
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Petrovic, Jelisaveta, und Dalibor Petrovic. „Connective action as the new pattern of protest activism“. Sociologija 59, Nr. 4 (2017): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1704405p.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the organizational background of the protests ?Against dictatorship? that took place in several Serbian towns, in the spring of 2017. The absence of the official organizers and the role social networking sites played in terms of communication, organization and coordination of the protest events, raises the following question: Could the protest ?Against dictatorship? be considered as an example of a digitally enabled ?connective? action? According to the ?connective action? approach (Bennett & Segerberg, 2012, 2013), in the information society a new ?connective? form of collective action is emerging as a result of personalization of political action that occurs within new sociotechnological environment. Connective action is enabled by innovative technological opportunities for individual participation in collective ventures and supported by the role that ICTs play as ?stitching? and organizing agents of collective action. In such circumstances, conventional social movement organizations and solid collective identities seem to become far less necessary. The analysis of the data collected in the field (N = 175) and in the online survey of the experiences and attitudes towards the protest (N=225), leads to the conclusion that the organizational background of the protest ?Against dictatorship? is closest to the ideal-type of ?self-organized network?, as one of the two basic models of connective action. In the concluding part of this paper, the authors argue that the ?connective action? model is adequate for the interpretation of the emergence of the digitally mediated protests. However, with the transformation of protests into more solid and stable forms of collective action, this model loses its explanatory power.
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Stoecker, Randy. „COMMUNITY, MOVEMENT, ORGANIZATION:. The Problem Of Identity Convergence In Collective Action“. Sociological Quarterly 36, Nr. 1 (Dezember 1994): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb01977.x.
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Stoecker, Randy. „Community, Movement, Organization: The Problem Of Identity Convergence In Collective Action“. Sociological Quarterly 36, Nr. 1 (01.01.1995): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1995.tb02323.x.
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Berkowitz, Heloise, Larry B. Crowder und Cassandra M. Brooks. „Organizational perspectives on sustainable ocean governance: A multi-stakeholder, meta-organization model of collective action“. Marine Policy 118 (August 2020): 104026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104026.
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Nelson, Laura K., und Brayden G. King. „THE MEANING OF ACTION: LINKING GOAL ORIENTATIONS, TACTICS, AND STRATEGIES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 25, Nr. 3 (02.09.2020): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-25-3-315.
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Social movement scholars cite the importance of strategy as a critical component of collective action. But what is a movement strategy, and what role does it play in facilitating movement processes? We conceptualize strategy as both the reason for engaging in collective action as well as the tools used in the course of action. More than a rational means-ends calculation, strategy is inherently a meaning-making process, providing the movement and its participants a sense of purpose. Using the U.S. environmental movement as a case study, and employing a data-driven and inductive strategy that combines both computational and qualitative methods, we find that strategy emerges as organizations link their actions to their goal orientation: what level of society the organization views as the locus of change. We conclude by illustrating changes over time in attention to different movement strategies, highlighting strategic differences between organizations working together in the same social movement.
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Yan, Zhou. „A Framework for Civil Volunteer Organization Collective Action: A Review of The Power of Action“. China Nonprofit Review 2, Nr. 1 (2010): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187650910x12605098379210.
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Rich, Richard C. „A Cooperative Approach to the Logic of Collective Action: Voluntary Organizations and the Prisoners' Dilemma“. Journal of Voluntary Action Research 17, Nr. 3-4 (Juli 1988): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764088017003-402.
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A reexamination of certain tenets of Olson's logic of collective action suggests that it fails to explain some types of behavior found in voluntary organizations, especially mutual assistance groups. Specifically, Olson fails to account for non-coercive and non-individualistic factors and gives insufficient attention to the social context of voluntary organization life. A fresh applications of the prisoners' dilemma and the introduction of the concept of community expand our understanding of behaviors heretofore unexplained. Implications are discussed for the design and management of voluntary organizations under certain conditions.
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Rich, Richard C. „A Cooperative Approach to the Logic of Collective Action: Voluntary Organizations and the Prisoners’ Dilemma“. Journal of Voluntary Action Research 17, Nr. 3-4 (Juli 1988): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089976408801700302.
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A reexamination of certain tenets of Olson's logic of collective action suggests that it fails to explain some types of behavior found in voluntary organizations, especially mutual assistance groups. Specifically, Olson fails to account for non-coercive and non-individualistic factors and gives insufficient attention to the social context of voluntary organization life. A fresh applications of the prisoners’ dilemma and the introduction of the concept of community expand our understanding of behaviors heretofore unexplained. Implications are discussed for the design and management of voluntary organizations under certain conditions.
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Amenta, Edwin, Thomas Alan Elliott, Nicole Shortt, Amber C. Tierney, Didem Türkoğlu und Burrel Vann. „MAKING GOOD NEWS: WHAT EXPLAINS THE QUALITY OF COVERAGE OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT*“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 24, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-24-1-19.
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When social movement organizations receive extensive newspaper coverage, why is it sometimes substantive and sometimes not? By “substantive,” we mean coverage that reflects serious treatment of the movement's issues, demands, or policy claims. Scholars agree that the news media are key to movement organizations' influence, helping them alter public discourse and effect political change, but often find that protests are covered nonsubstantively. Employing insights from literatures on historical institutionalism, the social organization of the news, and the consequences of movements, we elaborate an “institutional mediation” model that identifies the interactive effects on coverage of news institutions' operating procedures, movement organizations' characteristics and action, and political contexts. Although movement actors suffer compound legitimacy deficits with journalists, the institutional mediation model identifies the openings news institutions provide, the movement organizational characteristics, the forms of collective action likely to induce substantive news treatment, and the political contexts that will amplify or dampen these effects. We derive four interactive hypotheses from this model, addressing the effects of organizational identities, collective action, and political contexts on news outcomes. We appraise the hypotheses with comparative and qualitative comparative analyses of more than 1000 individually coded articles discussing the five most-covered organizations of the 1960s U.S. civil rights movement across four national newspapers. We find support for each hypothesis and discuss the implications for other movement organizations and the current media context.
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Skarzhinskaya, E. M., und V. I. Tzurikov. „THEORY OF COLLECTIVE ACTION: RULES TRANSFORMATION“. Economics of Contemporary Russia 86, Nr. 3 (02.10.2019): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2019-3(86)-29-51.
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The authors examine the mathematical modeling of methods for the coordination of collective action in the self-organization and self-governance mode. It is assumed that members of the collective create aggregate income whose value grows, as each member invests more effort. The goal pursued by each member of the collective is to maximize personal gains. As we established in the first part of the study, the lack of universal interpersonal trust prevents members of a uniform (unstructured) collective from overcoming a non-effective, Nash equilibrium outcome. Alternative options for structuring the collective were considered, such as creating small groups (coalitions) of agents sharing mutual trust within each group. The strategy of such coalition, aimed at maximizing coalitional gains rather than personal, leads to greater investment of effort by each coalition member, which in turn produces greater aggregate gains for the entire collective. We have shown that in order to secure stability of a coalition structure, first, stimuli for each coalition member are needed such that imply redistribution of quasi-rent to their benefit, and second, control must be exercised on the efforts of the agents. As models demonstrate, members of the collective left outside coalitions or forming small coalitions with a low share taken together (in aggregate) gains, have weaker stimuli for investment. The potential of increasing such stimuli and thereby increasing aggregate gains may be furnished by another, stronger hierarchic-shaped structure – provided transactional costs are sufficiently low. In order to realize this potential, entitlements to residual income must be concentrated in the hands of a single largest coalition or a number of largest coalitions, while banning all other members of the collective from receiving such income. The income of each agent is defined by the terms of the stimulating contract. We have proposed a general design of such a stimulating contract, creating all prerequisites for achieving equilibrium outcome, with Pareto-dominates equilibrium outcomes for other collective structuring options.
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Schneider, Christina J., und Branislav L. Slantchev. „Abiding by the Vote: Between-Groups Conflict in International Collective Action“. International Organization 67, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2013): 759–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818313000301.
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AbstractWe analyze institutional solutions to international cooperation when actors have heterogeneous preferences over the desirability of the action and split into supporters and opponents, all of whom can spend resources toward their preferred outcome. We study how actors can communicate their preferences through voting when they are not bound either by their own vote or the outcome of the collective vote. We identify two organizational types with endogenous coercive enforcement and find that neither is unambiguously preferable. Like the solutions to the traditional Prisoners' Dilemma these forms require long shadows of the future to sustain. We then show that cooperation can be sustained through a noncoercive organization where actors delegate execution to an agent. Even though this institution is costlier, it does not require any expertise by the agent and is independent of the shadow of the future, and thus is implementable when the others are not.
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Doan, Mai Anh, und Margalit Toledano. „Beyond organization-centred public relations: Collective action through a civic crowdfunding campaign“. Public Relations Review 44, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.10.001.
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Snow, David A., und Dana M. Moss. „Protest on the Fly“. American Sociological Review 79, Nr. 6 (24.10.2014): 1122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414554081.
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This article reexamines spontaneity as an important, albeit neglected, mechanism in collective action dynamics, and elaborates on its operation and effects in protest events and social movements. We do not presume that spontaneity is routinely at play in all collective actions. Rather, based on our grounded analysis of historical and ethnographic data, we contend that spontaneity is triggered by certain conditions: nonhierarchical organization; uncertain/ambiguous moments and events; behavioral/emotional priming; and certain ecological/spatial factors. We conclude by elaborating why the activation of spontaneous actions matters in shaping the course and character of protest events and movements, and we suggest that spontaneity be resuscitated in the study of collective action and everyday life more generally.
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García, Rocío R. „LATINX FEMINIST POLITICMAKING: ON THE NECESSITY OF MESSINESS IN COLLECTIVE ACTION*“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 25, Nr. 4 (01.12.2020): 441–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-25-4-441.
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There is an ongoing debate in the sociology of collective action on the function of difference—often measured as group diversity—in mobilization. While some scholarship suggests that difference is often an impediment to collective action, other research finds that activisms attuned to difference can produce more flexible mobilization capable of tackling converging oppressions. To understand the meanings and negotiations of difference in collective action, this article examines how Latinx feminists do intersectionality in the movement for reproductive justice (RJ). Drawing on three years of ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews with a Latina/x reproductive justice organization in California, I argue that staff of the organization engage in contextual, relational, and cultural shift practices that together create a fluid sensibility, what I term “politicmaking,” focused on negotiating difference as a necessarily fraught and messy endeavor. The “politicmaking” of movement actors suggests the need to reexamine the role of difference in collective action.
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Cerny, Philip G. „Globalization and the changing logic of collective action“. International Organization 49, Nr. 4 (1995): 595–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300028459.
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Globalization transforms collective action in domestic and international politics. As the scale of markets widens and as economic organization becomes more complex, the institutional scale of political structures can become insufficient for the provision of an appropriate range of public goods. A process of this sort occurred prior to the emergence of the modern nation-state, which itself constituted a paradigmatic response to this predicament. Today, however, a complex process of globalization of goods and assets is undermining the effectiveness of state-based collective action. Overlapping “playing fields” are developing, made up of increasingly heterogeneous—transnational, local, and intermediate—arenas. The residual state retains great cultural force, and innovative projects for reinventing government are being tried. Nevertheless, the state's effectiveness as a civil association has eroded significantly, and this may lead to a crisis of legitimacy.
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Nikayin, Fatemeh, und Mark De Reuver. „What motivates small businesses for collective action in smart living industry?“ Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 22, Nr. 2 (18.05.2015): 320–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-07-2012-0081.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study what motivates small businesses to engage in collective action, especially in high-tech industry. Design/methodology/approach – Application domain is smart living industry, in which installation companies offer ICT-enabled solutions for smart home services. A survey was conducted among 140 small/medium installation companies in smart living industry which are members of a major Dutch branch organization. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to model and analyse data from the survey. Findings – The paper found that different types of motivations do not significantly increase the collective orientation of small businesses. Moreover, the current involvement of small companies in smart living projects is not directly related to their collective orientation. Research limitations/implications – The lack of collaboration is resulting in market fragmentation and lack of technological interoperability. The paper advise policy makers to provide selective incentives to stimulate collaboration and to facilitate knowledge sharing on best practices and collective business cases. Originality/value – The motivational factors for collective action between small businesses in high-tech sectors have rarely been studied. Although many studies addresses collective action issues on an individual level, the literature lacks an integration of existing theories into a set of testable hypotheses that aim at motivators and inhibitors of inter-organizational collective action.
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Bosi, Lorenzo, und Lorenzo Zamponi. „Paths toward the Same Form of Collective Action: Direct Social Action in Times of Crisis in Italy1,2“. Social Forces 99, Nr. 2 (07.01.2020): 847–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz160.
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Abstract Heterogeneous collective actors often select the same form of action, but there is no academic investigation into how and when this happens. This article does so focusing on direct social action, that is, a form of collective action that does not primarily focus upon claiming something from the state but instead focuses upon directly transforming some specific aspects of society. Building on conceptual categories developed by social movements’ scholars (context, organization, and identity) and relying on rich qualitative and quantitative data from collective actors in Italy in a time of crisis, this article identifies four paths toward direct social actions (DSA): the social path, the political-social path, the social-political path, and the political path. In doing so, our analysis shifts from the search for causal factors to the reconstruction of the dynamic, patterned sequences of events by which collective actors progress in adopting a certain form of action. The implications of these findings extend beyond studies of DSA in times of crisis in Italy, to an analysis of collective action in general. Capturing these multiple paths also has important implications for understanding how the same form of action is differently implemented and received when it is adopted by different actors.
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Oberschall, Anthony, und Hyojoung Kim. „Identity and Action“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 1, Nr. 1 (01.03.1996): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.1.1.02845r073686838u.
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With the pursuit of ethnic idenitity as an example, we deduce some testable propositions on ethnic mobilization and polarization from a graphic analysis of a purposive action model. The method allows incorporation of identity in collective action models. In a village of two ethnic groups, people pursue two idenitities, their own ethnicity and a shared villager identity. Pursuit of their identities is constrained by the inter- and intra-ethnic organization of the village. We show that under fragile" inter-ethnic village organization, small changes in ethnocentrism can precipitate much change in the ethnic relations, whereas when inter-ethnic organization is "robust, " inter-ethnic relations change little, even when ethnocentrism changes a great deal. The effects of ethnic mobilization are studied, as when ethnic moderates close ranks with extremists to create polarization. The pursuit of political identity (dissidents, pragmatists) in repressive regimes can be similarly modeled and studied for predicting opposition to the regime.
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Yu, Peter K. „Access to Medicines, BRICS Alliances, and Collective Action“. American Journal of Law & Medicine 34, Nr. 2-3 (Juni 2008): 345–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880803400210.
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On December 6, 2005, shortly before the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) Ministerial Conference in Hong Kong, WTO member states agreed to accept a protocol of amendment to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPs Agreement”). This amendment sought to provide a permanent solution to implement paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (“Doha Declaration”). If ratified, the new article 31bis of the TRIPs Agreement will allow countries with insufficient or no manufacturing capacity to import generic versions of on-patent pharmaceuticals.To facilitate the supply of essential medicines to countries with insufficient or no manufacturing capacity, article 31bis(3) creates a special arrangement not only for the affected countries, but also for those belonging to a regional trade agreement. Such an arrangement allows less developed countries to aggregate their markets to generate the purchasing power needed to make the development of an indigenous pharmaceutical industry attractive.
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Tadesse, Getaw, und Girma Tesfahun Kassie. „Measuring trust and commitment in collective actions“. International Journal of Social Economics 44, Nr. 7 (10.07.2017): 980–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2015-0253.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the theoretical and empirical possibility of measuring trust and commitment in collective actions. Design/methodology/approach The study employs choice experiments to estimate trust implicitly as opposed to the common practice of measuring trust explicitly. Several experiments were conducted to assess members’ level of trust and commitment to marketing cooperatives in rural Ethiopia. Findings The results of the study indicate that significant number of farmers do not yet have trust in their organization and fellow members in both absolute and relative terms. The probability of trust increases when members actively participate in cooperative governance, are less diverse, stay longer in the cooperative, and when cooperatives are older. The authors also learnt that both trust and commitment have indeed improved the performance of farmers’ market organizations. Trust in cooperative is asymmetrically sensitive to incentives and disincentives. Research limitations/implications The study implied that research efforts attempting to estimate trust in collective action shall use an implicit measurement and consider the sensitivity of trust to relativeness, incentives and types of transactions. Practical implications The findings of this study showed that rural organizations that are established with external help, such as agricultural cooperatives in Africa, seem to struggle to earn the trust of their current and potential members. This implies that given the effectiveness and persistence of informal rural organizations emerged through mutual trust, cooperatives must be organized either through informal ways as trust-based organizations or based on cooperative business principles of voluntarism and independence. Originality/value This paper employs the behaviorally appealing choice experiment approach to capture the different aspects of trust such as relativism, sensitivity of trust to incentive and types of transactions in smallholder producers’ organizations.
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Kolaj, Rezear, Edmira Ozuni, Dubravka Skunca und Dorjana Zahoalia. „The Challenges of Collective Action for Olive Growers in Albania“. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, Nr. 1 (21.01.2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.93-98.
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Despite a considerable increase of surfaces with new olive cultivars during last two decades in Albania, the yields have not followed the expected trend. Participation of farmers in common activities would have benefits for costs cutting and efficiency as well as for the commons in a broader economic and social aspect. An opportunity for reducing costs and increasing farmers' income is the organization of farmer’s production by the principles of collective action. The research objective is to find factors affecting the olive growers (farmers) participation in collective actions in Berat area, the second largest olive production area in Albania. A questionnaire was designed in order to measure several variables. Interviewing took place from October 2015 to February 2016. Education, access to markets, income and leadership have statistical significance and influence olive producer’s participation in activities based on collective action. The research results can be useful to policymakers, public bodies and researchers. The fact that with farm size increase, decrease the possibility of farmer’s participation in collective action activities is important finding that helps in understanding the critical financing limits and optimization of the public funds used in creation of public policies.
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Kolaj, Rezear, Edmira Ozuni, Dubravka Skunca und Dorjana Zahoalia. „The Challenges of Collective Action for Olive Growers in Albania“. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, Nr. 1 (21.01.2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.p93-98.
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Despite a considerable increase of surfaces with new olive cultivars during last two decades in Albania, the yields have not followed the expected trend. Participation of farmers in common activities would have benefits for costs cutting and efficiency as well as for the commons in a broader economic and social aspect. An opportunity for reducing costs and increasing farmers' income is the organization of farmer’s production by the principles of collective action. The research objective is to find factors affecting the olive growers (farmers) participation in collective actions in Berat area, the second largest olive production area in Albania. A questionnaire was designed in order to measure several variables. Interviewing took place from October 2015 to February 2016. Education, access to markets, income and leadership have statistical significance and influence olive producer’s participation in activities based on collective action. The research results can be useful to policymakers, public bodies and researchers. The fact that with farm size increase, decrease the possibility of farmer’s participation in collective action activities is important finding that helps in understanding the critical financing limits and optimization of the public funds used in creation of public policies.
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Kolaj, Rezear, Edmira Ozuni, Dubravka Skunca und Dorjana Zahoalia. „The Challenges of Collective Action for Olive Growers in Albania“. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, Nr. 1 (21.01.2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v7i1.p93-98.
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Despite a considerable increase of surfaces with new olive cultivars during last two decades in Albania, the yields have not followed the expected trend. Participation of farmers in common activities would have benefits for costs cutting and efficiency as well as for the commons in a broader economic and social aspect. An opportunity for reducing costs and increasing farmers' income is the organization of farmer’s production by the principles of collective action. The research objective is to find factors affecting the olive growers (farmers) participation in collective actions in Berat area, the second largest olive production area in Albania. A questionnaire was designed in order to measure several variables. Interviewing took place from October 2015 to February 2016. Education, access to markets, income and leadership have statistical significance and influence olive producer’s participation in activities based on collective action. The research results can be useful to policymakers, public bodies and researchers. The fact that with farm size increase, decrease the possibility of farmer’s participation in collective action activities is important finding that helps in understanding the critical financing limits and optimization of the public funds used in creation of public policies.
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AL, Dursun. „Collective Action in Terms of International Labor Organization (ILO) Norms and International Conventions“. Econder International Academic Journal 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2018): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35342/econder.415383.
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Thomas, G. Dale. „The Isle of Ted Simulation: Teaching Collective Action in International Relations and Organization“. Political Science & Politics 35, Nr. 03 (September 2002): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096502000835.
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Markussen, T., L. Putterman und J. R. Tyran. „Self-Organization for Collective Action: An Experimental Study of Voting on Sanction Regimes“. Review of Economic Studies 81, Nr. 1 (17.09.2013): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdt022.
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Jelinek, Mariann, und Joseph A. Litterer. „Toward Entrepreneurial Organizations: Meeting Ambiguity with Engagement“. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 19, Nr. 3 (April 1995): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879501900309.
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Entrepreneurial activities fit poorly with traditional organizational approaches–-the rules, procedures and structure to delimit members’ response that seek to constrain behavior to a predetermined program. Nevertheless, in response to increasing competition, organizations have emerged to support broad entrepreneurial activity. Three interrelated elements appear necessary to support organizational entrepreneurship: pervasive sharing of managerial tasks and responsibilities, mindful alertness to anomalies, and ambiguity absorption by means of mutual support and information sharing. These elements render organizations more flexible, but also increase ambiguity, requiring further action incompatible with traditional organizational approaches. Entrepreneurship is not only inconsistent with traditional organizations, but with traditional organization theory. To effectively analyze entrepreneurial organizations requires a shift from the static, deterministic paradigm of traditional organization and theory to a cognitive paradigm which focuses on individual sensemaking and collective decision processes, and on the organizational context that shapes and influences them. This article outlines basic elements of an emerging cognitive paradigm to describe organizational entrepreneurship in theoretical and pragmatic terms, contrasting with traditional theory and practice. Benefits and hazards of entrepreneurial approaches are discussed. The Implications for research and management practice are also suggested.
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WITT, ULRICH. „Emergence and functionality of organizational routines: an individualistic approach“. Journal of Institutional Economics 7, Nr. 2 (21.06.2010): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137410000226.
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Abstract:Organizational routines coordinate the interactions and use of knowledge within firms. Efficient routines can imply a competitive advantage for a firm, deficient ones a disadvantage. This depends not only on how smoothly the intra-organizational interactions are in fact orchestrated, but also on what goals this orchestration serves: the organizational objectives or the convenience, effort minimization, or other idiosyncratic goals of involved organization members. Since organizational routines represent a case of collective action, the conditions under which organizational routines emerge cannot be neglected. They hinge on cognitive and motivational attitudes of the organization members suggesting an individualistic perspective on organizational routines.
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Schmidhauser, Albin. „Kollektiv handeln im klein parzellierten Luzerner Wald: ein Erfahrungsbericht | Collective action in small-scale forestry in Lucerne: a progress report“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, Nr. 12 (01.12.2008): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0441.
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An important matter of concern in the Lucerne forest policy is how to overcome the structural hindrances caused by the small size of private forest property. For this reason, since 2006, the project “Creation of regional organizations for forest management cooperation” has been followed. A regional organization is an association of forest owners for the purpose of managing their forests together under the direction of a forestry expert. By the middle of 2008, 28% of all private forest owners belonged to such a regional organization. These are now to be found almost everywhere in the canton and already represent 39% of all private forest parcels and 60% of the total surface area in private hands. The present success of the regional organizations is largely to be attributed to the project's introduction from the bottom up, to its clear and simple structure, to the efforts at open communication and to the initial financial aid given by the canton. For most of the forest owners, joining a regional organization means a break with tradition. Therefore, in the course of the reflections and discussions conducted, a central part is occupied by the themes: giving up long-standing relationships with customers; introducing new and scarcely known forms of sales procedures; and the middle- and long-term financing of the regional organizations from the forest proceeds.
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Rucht, Dieter. „Linking Organization and Mobilization: Michels'S Iron Law of Oligarchy Reconsidered“. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 4, Nr. 2 (01.09.1999): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.4.2.l2680365q32h6616.
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Robert Michels's iron law of oligarchy has rarely been submitted to rigorous empirical investigation. This article specifies the key assumptions of Michels's theory and tests them by the use of two data sets that focus on collective protest and the evolution of organizational features of German new social movement groups. With some significant exceptions, the data support Michels's theory. Movements tend to become more centralized-bureaucratic and more moderate in their actions over time. There was also a negative correlation between bureaucratization and radicalization. The findings suggest that informal groups are more radical than formal organizations. Also, new social movements that are less formalized and centralized tend to be more radical in their protest actions than "old movements." Within the new social movements themselves, those which are less formalized and centralized tend to be more radical. However, both theoretical reasoning and close inspection of the data lead us to conclude that there is no such thing as an "iron law" at work. Informal groups can be moderate in their activities and formal groups can tend towards radical action. Also, some of the national environmental organizations investigated became more moderate over time while others did not. Groups do not necessarily become more orderly with age. Organizational features influence but do not determine the forms of action.