Dissertationen zum Thema „Collectif agricole“
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Sanselme, Franck. „La construction sociale d'une identité institutionnelle ou l'ordre symbolique d'un collectif scolaire : le cas d'un enseignement agricole, les Maisons Familiales Rurales“. Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe “maisons familiales” can be understood like a school institution among others, indeed like a mere institution - an institution which works on the building of its identity and on the recognition of its internal order, integrating otherness in a well-thought-out way, or objective social worlds which are not exclusively agricultural. Then it is to understand the different mechanisms and principles of recognition which take part in the building of its identity. This school institution has first set up a true conceptual system, explicit even in its name “maisons familiales rurales d'éducation et d'orientation”, literally “rural family houses of education and guidance”. As any concept is able to discriminate, the elements of this system can symbolically and sociologically integrate the educative otherness (pupils and parents) of the “maisons familiales” in an institutional division which has been recognized in its educational functions and abilities. But it is first and foremost from their ideological substratums that these concepts take their power of educational recognition. The world of ideologies thus appears like a second objective universe dialectically constituent of the identity of the “maisons familiales”. Besides, and also from a historical point of view, these ideologies partake of this symbolical mediation between the school institution and its state and roman catholic rivals seen as a negative otherness. They direct the “maisons familiales” towards criticizing their opponents, whose symbolical elimination is the very first principle of a recognition through the negative. Finally, the school market, last universe being linked to the “maisons familiales”, brings about for these ones the problematic change from “community” to “society”. As the latter limits the scope of the former, the “maisons familiales” have a certain work of compensation to do, a work which aims at restoring the primary subjective reality of a community, still playing the game of the market
Capitaine, Mathieu. „Organisation des territoires des exploitations agricoles : impact du recours à des collectifs d'action : la conduite de chantiers de récolte en CUMA“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CAPITAINE_M.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe farm is studied as an entity interacting with the context it finds itself in. Specifically, it is included in other organisations like farmers groups, cooperatives, etc. To meet their own running of activities, those organisations require coordination. Wich have an influence on land use allocations in farms. In order to assess whether these situations create or suppress farmers'ability to manoeuvre, it has been decided to select farming groups: the CUMA (Cooperatives for a common use of farm implements). This work is focused on the study of six CUMAs involved in mixed crop-livestock farming systems within the French Vosges area. Results were derived from data collection based on surveys and harvests processes monitoring. The harvest process is perceived as a collective decision arena, anchored in times (workforce and workload management) and space (the farms territories). The CUMAs' impacts on cropping patterns localisations within the farms' territory are different whether they are related to grass ensilage, maize ensilage or harvest. The use of CUMA does not initiate a substantial modification of the land use patterns described in previously used conceptual models. Maize ensilage does not fully comply with existing models as it does not undergo the building to field distance constraint. CUMAs allow to minimize the importance of spatial constraints by providing usage flexibility and territorial competency. On top of the harvesting process using CUMAs' context, this work is likely to find applicability in the land use coordination sector that is necessary to the implementation of contract-based cropping and to the management of environmental concerns
Tallec, Fabien. „Rôle de l'action collective dans la construction de la qualité dans une filière agro-alimentaire : analyse des différentes formes de coordination des commerçants de la filière des céréales sèches au Mali“. Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS025S.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImproving the quality has become one of the stakes in agro-commodity chains. In developing countries, this process has sped up in the last twenty-two years because of the liberalization of the agricultural sector and the market segmentation. In these countries, improvement of the quality is subdued to specific constraints. First of all, states have neither the ability nor the credibility to support official norms of quality. Secondly, variability of the agro-climatic conditions leads to a large heterogeneity of the quality of the agricultural production. This thesis focuses on the coordination of economic agents of these commodity chains for the improvement and validation of their quality, including these different constraints. The framework is along the line of a neo-institutional economic way of thinking and uses the theory of transaction cost and the theory of collective action. In this case, the quality is as an endogenous variable and depends on the governance of agricultural chains. The analysis of the non-irrigated cereal chains in Mali shows a symbiotic relationship between the vertical coordination (linked with the traditional networks) and the horizontal coordination (using the collective action between the bosses of the networks) in improving the quality. The study case of three traders’ groups displays their efficiency when they are located in the pivotal role of commodity chains. The approach by the collective action in the three different devices underlines the determining factors to improve the quality
Rollet, Anne. „Le couple produit-territoire : régulation agro-antagoniste entre projet individuel et projet collectf /“. Antony : Cemagref éd, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37633576b.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGermier, Christian. „Développement et changement : le développement professionnel collectif des enseignants face aux réformes dans les lycées agricoles publics“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the collective dimension of teaching constitutes an important issue of the educative reforms. This ethnographic study deals with the links between development and change. We consider the teachers’ collective work as a result of interactions between professional development and institutional change. Referring to the hypothesis of the emergence of teachers’ collectives as new actors in the educative systems, we attribute to them the capacity to develop themselves professionally through the contact with reforms. Leaning on the research works about professional development on one hand, and about the teachers’ collective work, on the other hand, we build a complex model of collective professional development (CPD) that we submit to the fieldwork in the framework of the implementation of individualization devices in the French public agricultural colleges. The results of this work show that the process of CPD depends on the nature of the change (form, level, intensity), on the professional, organizational and institutional situation and on the characteristics (knowledge and identity) of the members of the collective. Indeed, an especially unclear text prescribing new forms of intervention to the pupils (accompanying versus teaching, individual versus group) requires the construction of strategies for a local and adapted implementation. These strategies are built on the basis of experiential and new knowledge and must be “admissible” at the professional identity. Thus, the four groups we studied had different reactions faced with the change, amending thereby the model which is proposed
Ren, Yi. „La coopérative en participation : une nouvelle forme de l'économie collective en Chine rurale“. Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom the economic and sociological point of view, we analyze the Country Land Joint-stock Cooperative by taking the concrete example of Shanglin village, a rural community in the south of Jiangsu Province in China. The term of "cooperative" is used to refer to the new economic institutions that arise in rural are as in China since 1978 and which have comparable characteristics to those of cooperatives. Voluntarily formed and collectively owned by farmers within a same village/community, the Country Land Joint-stock Cooperative is a new mutual¬ benefit organization allows meeting farmers' economic, social and cultural needs through a company from the sector of "collective ownership" in which power is exercised democratically. As being a member of the cooperative, farmers convert their land-use rights into shares and receive annual dividend. AIso, the cooperative has regrouped formerly separated lands to lease to the public for modern agriculture projects. This form of economic organization balances the demand and supply of land, and contributes to the welfare. However, the mixing of roles of the independent village committee, the branch of Communist Party and the cooperative, the impossibility of transfert and inheritance of shares, the ambiguity of the concept of collective ownership and the absence of regulations and laws, impose severe constraints on the development of the cooperative. Aim of this present thesis is to explain appearance of this form of cooperative, its mechanism, its institutional characteristics, as well as to describe and understand the behavior of village leaders and villagers in the development of the cooperative
Corrales, Mariana. „Analyse d’un réseau territorial pour soutenir la durabilité des exploitations agricoles : rôle de processus collectifs d'innovation“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20109/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChanging agricultural paradigm reveals local actors initiatives with regard to sustainable development. Based on the organics farmers union GABB32 experience around organic and conventional farmers agro-ecological techniques transfer and dissemination, this thesis proposes to analyze the role of collective dynamics in agro-ecological farms transition. In order to study innovations and its processes, we have developed a comprehensive methodology that combines the use of data collection such as interviews, participative and non-participative observation, and documentary analysis, which allowed following 30 farms belonging from the organic farmers union GABB32 cover crops group. In total, we realized 55 semi-structured interviews conducted with the main local actors: farmers, agricultural professional bodies, institutions, associations, and citizens. Results were articulated with farm management, group knowledge exchange and participatory approach, and territorial network dynamics. We reveal several individual and collective parameters in transitions. At the individual level, farmer strategies and values have an impact on the intensity of innovation. At the collective level, dynamics contribute to the advancement of innovation processes. From there, it is possible for farms to obtain a sustainable positive evolution. Creating spaces for knowledge exchange between farmers and changing practices toward sustainability opens network interactions and multi-actors cooperation’s. Collective action results show that they encourage organic farming development
Jourdain, Damien. „Impact des politiques visant à réduire la consommation brute en eau des systèmes irrigués : le cas des puits gérés par des collectifs de producteurs au Mexique“. Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaughrea, Sophie. „Émergence et viabilité des collectifs de producteurs en circuits de proximité“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25391.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhile proximity supply chains (PSC) can be rewarding for producers, they are often difficult to access. Collective organizing is often considered as a solution to improve accessibility to PSC. The aim of this thesis is to identify some of the conditions allowing farmers’ organizations to help their members overcome the obstacles they encounter in accessing PSC in Quebec. A multiple case study was carried out through interviews with five farmers’ organizations across the province. A comparative analysis demonstrated that collective organizing can be a privileged path of access to PSC, particularly when it enables the pooling of resources and the consolidation of volumes. However, considerable challenges remain to ensure their sustainability: the lack of knowledge and experience of the collectives in relation to PSC, collective action and the integration of new craftsmanship (processing, distribution, etc.) seem to underlie several of the challenges faced by farmers’ organizations, both economically and socially. Keywords : short supply chain, proximity supply chain, commercialization, proximity, collective action, collective organization, farmers’ organization, cooperative, Quebec.
Akollor, Atialo Sassou. „Des formes d'action collective dans l'agriculture de l'Afrique subsaharienne“. Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePurseigle, François. „L'engagement des jeunes agriculteurs dans les organisations professionnelles agricoles : contribution à l'étude des processus d'entree dans l'action collective“. Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT014A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDramé, Hassane. „Organisations paysannes et autopromotion rurale : les stratégies d'action collective pour le développement local et communautaire en Casamance (Sénégal)“. Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40058.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBou, Saba Mario. „L'implantation d'un outil d'intelligence collective. Un essai d'observation et d'interprétation. L'outil COOPERFIC pour les coopératives agricoles du Languedoc-Roussillon“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20223/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis makes part of the CIFRE contract in partnership with the Regional Agricultural Cooperation Federation of Languedoc-Roussillon (FRCA LR). It deals with the ambiguity around the link between the organizational performance and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (TIC). More precisely, the procedure consisted of an essay of observation and interactions interpretation namely an online indicators system between a collective intelligence tool and the agricultural cooperatives network of Languedoc-Roussillon. The teachings of this research-action have led to overpass the classical theoretical approaches falling under the acceptation and the appropriation. Therefore, the Actor Network Theory has been mobilized. It has shown that the use of the translation operation has induced interactions that overpass the intentional objectives formulated initially by the FRCA LR. Here comes a surprise effect since the tool appears as a collective intelligence support in the sense of revealing four facets: inductor tool, symbol tool, reference tool and pretext tool. Hence, the thesis shows that the use of TIC could promote the organizational performance in the measure of allowing a refocus on the Human and on the Information understood in its full subjectivity
Mossi, Maïga Illiassou. „Gestion collective des aménagements hydro-agricoles au Niger : gouvernance locale et mobilisation des ressources pour une mise en valeur viable“. Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIrrigation represents a major issue for Niger, a country which is frequently food non sufficient due to rainfall deficits. Since the 1960s, the focus has been put on the realization of large irrigation networks, essentially in the valley of the Niger river. From the beginning until the 1980s, governmental agencies have played an important role in the management of the irrigation systems. During the ten following years, the management responsibility was progressively transferred to agricultural cooperatives. This period reflects the transition from a hierarchical State governance to a local governance. Since, peasant organizations have been elaborating practical rules, often distinct from the prescribed rules, in order to alleviate financial, technical and organizational constraints. Observations show that these local arrangements were designed following a short term logic to solve concrete and local problems encountered by members of the irrigation networks. Using a theoretical framework based on the concept of governance, this thesis analyzes the emergence and the evolution of the rules, and confronts the prescribed rules to those effectively applied. It shows that practical rules tend to underscore social viability rather than economic and technical efficiency criteria. However, peasant organizations have difficulties to ensure the sustainable working of the irrigated systems, especially because they do not take into account the problem of the equipment replacement
Allain, Sandrine. „Vers une gestion structurelle de l'eau dans un territoire agricole en tension Une démarche d'évaluation multicritère multi-acteur utilisant des simulations informatiques“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20978/1/ALLAIN_Sandrine.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabant, Pierre. „Le dispositif spatial agroforestier à la croisée des champs : une approche pluridisciplinaire du développement de l'agroforesterie en France“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis is part of a multidisciplinary approach in environmental social sciences, combining geographical, political and economic sciences, to try to understand how agroforestry, as a spatial device, can bring together four social fields in the same space, two or two of which are sometimes considered antagonistic: agricultural and forestry, economic and environmental fields. This work is supported by the hypothesis that the French agroforestry system conveys models of spatial organisation which, contrary to the discourses promoting agroforestry aimed at bringing together social fields, confine agroforestry to the agro-environmental field and exclude it from the forest economic field. The answer to our problem lies in the construction of a theoretical spatial device aimed at bringing together the four social fields. We call this theoretical model "Agro-Forestry Collective Networks" (AFCN). The theoretical construction is based on the analysis of policy instruments aimed at the development of agroforestry, as well as on the analysis of economic knowledge legitimizing planting schemes and management methods. Finally, we confronted the AFCN model from the point of view of grain farmers in south-western France to discuss the economic and social problems raised
Mennis, Abdelali. „La terre et l'eau dans la politique agricole du Maroc : le devenir des terres collectives dans les grands périmètres irrigués“. Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe great hydraulic developed by Morocco during the sixties has mobilized a remarkable public investissement. Huge capitals has been devoted to different social and economic developmental plannings adopted by the country. Taking into consideration the greats efforts made by morocco to encourage the irrigation sector, it was extremely important for the governement that the investissements used be beneficial and that the objectives of agricultural policy concerning the practice and intensification of cultures be respected. To attein these objectives, the governement has expressly established the "code des investissements agricoles" an agricultural planning which determines a new juridical basis and an organaizational framework for agricultural production in the irrigated sector. The model that the governement has set up to insure financial benefit of invested capitals and to modernize irrigated agriculture drives towards a "capitalist" rationalization of production through a substitution of "modern" forms of traditionel agricultural institution and structures : remplacement of the old water organisation by a new hydraulic systems, regrouping and registration of properties, renewing of structures and modes of exploitation, andodisappearence of collective lands
Kirsch, Alessandra. „Politique agricole commune, aides directes de l'agriculture et environnement : analyse en France, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCG001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoes the CAP direct payment distribution benefit to the most environmentally friendly farms? Following an environmental assessment state of the art, a set of environmental indicators has been created to rank farms on their potential environmental impacts using FADN datas. Then, these classes have been connected with the amounts of direct payments received. Results are processed on three types of farm (specialized in cereals and oilseeds, meat cows and milk cows). Associated with a comprehensive study of the reforms of the CAP since 1992, this empirical study allows to stand back on the consequences of the political decisions. It seems that if the 2nd pillar direct payments are directed in favour of the more environmental friendly farms, their weight remains too low compared with the aids of the 1st pillar, which are higher in the less virtuous farms. This is largely connected to the weight of the DPU in the direct payments, and to the French choice to base their calculation with regard to the history of the farm. That is why the simulations of the redistribution of the subsidies of the 1st pillar on horizon 2019 show that the rebalancing of these payments between the farms by a national harmonization will contribute to level the gap of 1st pillar direct payments by hectare between french farms. The comparison with the United Kingdom and Germany shows the effects of the subsidiarity, in particular during the decoupling: the harmonization of the decoupled payments allows the most environmental friendly farms to get higher direct payments per hectare
Aumand, Anthony. „Quelle politique de multifonctionnalité économiquement efficace pour l'Union européenne ?“ Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDella, Rossa Pauline. „Conception collective d'organisations territoriales innovantes pour une évolution coordonnée de systèmes de production agricoles. Cas d’une réduction de la pollution herbicide d’une rivière en Martinique“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASA005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the West Indies, the climate is favorable for the growth of weeds and monocultures need chemical inputs, which increases the pesticide pressure. In Martinique, pollution by chemical molecules, via spatialized transfer mechanisms at the watershed scale, degrades the quality of river water. In this context, the thesis proposes an original collective design method to design innovative territorial organizations that coordinate changes in agricultural production systems, which reduce the concentration of herbicide in rivers.The approach is applied to a watershed polluted by herbicides and combines: a socio-technical system diagnosis, a phase of innovative design workshops inspired by the CK theory and a phase of evaluation of innovative concepts by simulation in a role-playing game. Innovations involve a spatial distribution of innovative techniques on the territory of the watershed and devices, facilities, organizations to ensure their success and sustainability. The thesis is in the fields of Landscape Agronomy and Innovative Design Agronomy
Roullaud, Élise. „La Confédération paysanne à l’épreuve de la Politique agricole commune (1987-2007) : Transformations des pratiques de représentation et du travail militant“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFocusing on the Confédération paysanne, this research studies the changes in forms and modes of farmers’ interests representation under the effect of European integration. Drawing upon an extensive, multi-method fieldwork (archives, interviews, observations and questionnaire), the thesis intertwines a study of the Europeanization process, sociology of interest groups in the European Union and sociology of farmers’ unions as well as social movements. Not only emphasizing on organizational and configurational logics but also on social dispositions, this work reports two dimensions. The first throws light on the reconfiguration of farmers’ unions actions by analyzing the field of European farmers’ representation and the way unionists integrate the European political space. The second stresses on how the Common Agricultural Policy influences and affects both the internal and external balance of power, the union’s guidelines production and the repertoire of collective actions. Thereby, this study accurately reveals that the Europeanization dynamics rest on the socialization and politicization processes
Kleftodimos, Georgios. „Economic valuation of bees’ pollination services in arable crop farms : the role of Public Policy regulations towards the provision of pollination services“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe principal objective of the realized study is to evaluate the economic importance of the behavioral interactions which emerge from managed and wild bees, called bees’ complementarity in arable crop farms. A particular emphasis was placed on examining how the economic importance of bees’ complementarity should affect the public policy regulation in order to safeguard the provision of pollination services. The first Chapter of this Ph.D. thesis provides the theoretical framework on which this economic valuation is based. Chapter 2, provides an ecological-economic model displaying farmer’s decisions between two agricultural inputs, pollination services and pesticides, and two sources of pollination with different characteristics; managed bees, which can be replaced at a cost, and wild bees, which rely on a population being sustained within the farmland. Moreover, we take as a given that the services of wild and managed bees are in a complementary relationship. The third Chapter of this thesis, integrates the findings of Chapter 2 in a Mathematical-Programming territorial ecological-economic modeling in order to explore the potential impacts of policy changes on the provision of pollination services and on farmers’ incomes for different rates of farmers’ cooperation. Finally, Chapter 4, evaluates the effectiveness of French policy measures towards the provision of pollination services and it discusses how the results of our analyses may contribute towards the amelioration of the effectiveness of these measures. The major result of our research is twofold. Firstly, the knowledge of bees’ complementarity may offer to farmers an alternative optimum management strategy. Secondly, the inclusion of this knowledge in the implemented policy measures may facilitate farmers’ adoption process towards low-input practices and, consequently, increase their effectiveness towards the sustainability of pollination services for the agricultural and food systems
Marty, Pauline. „Les appropriations urbaines de la question agricole. Le cas de Brive, de 1945 à 2012“. Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999857.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRouamba, Toussaint. „Optimal use of routinely collected data among pregnant women to improve malaria surveillance in Burkina Faso: Contribution of Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314119.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContexte :La lutte contre le paludisme pendant la grossesse reste un grand défi au Burkina Faso, malgré l'adoption de mesures de contrôle dont l'efficacité est reconnue. Les programmes dont l'efficacité est reconnue comprennent des mesures individuelles, telles que le traitement préventif intermittent pendant la grossesse, l'utilisation de moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticide de longue durée et la supplémentation quotidienne en sulfate ferreux (200 mg) ainsi qu'en acide folique. Outre ces mesures, des programmes de santé visant à accroître le bien-être de la population et à améliorer la santé maternelle et infantile ont vu le jour, notamment le financement basé sur les résultats (en 2014), le projet de promotion de la santé dans 130 communes (mis en œuvre en 2015) et la gratuité des soins de santé (mise en œuvre en 2016). Cette thèse tente d'évaluer les effets des programmes de santé sur les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles du paludisme (morbidité et mortalité) par le biais de données de routine collectées pendant la grossesse et d'explorer les différentes approches de prévision pour relever les défis de la rapportage systématique des données de santé. Méthodes :Nous avons utilisé un large éventail de données et appliqué des approches quantitatives avancées tout en tenant compte de la distribution spécifique des données. Notre thèse est basée sur la valorisation (analyses) des données de surveillance du paludisme (agrégées par unités spatiales et temporelles) enregistrées dans le système d'information sanitaire du Burkina Faso entre 2011 et 2019. Ces analyses intègrent également des données de télédétection environnementale, des données issues d'enquêtes périodiques et des données provenant d'autres sources. Ces données ont été couplées pour constituer une base de données. Après avoir effectué des analyses descriptives appropriées en tenant compte de la complexité de la conception des données, nous avons procédé à une modélisation bayésienne spatio-temporelle pour déterminer les zones à haut risque et évaluer l'effet des programmes de santé sur les tendances spatio-temporelles de l'incidence du paludisme chez les femmes enceintes au niveau communautaire ;pour explorer une approche permettant d'estimer la capacité opérationnelle des établissements de santé à partir de données d'enquête conçues pour être représentatives au niveau régional (et ensuite quantifier l'effet de cette capacité opérationnelle sur les cas de paludisme grave et la mortalité) ;et pour explorer les approches de prévision utilisées pour relever les défis relatifs au rapportaga systématique des données de santé, pouvant aussi servir à un système d'alerte précoce du paludisme. Résultats :Nos résultats montrent une hétérogénéité spatiale et temporelle et indiquent que l'incidence annuelle du paludisme a augmenté entre 2013 et 2018, tandis que le taux de mortalité a diminué de manière significative. Certaines communes où la charge du paludisme est élevée ont connu une réduction de leur risque grâce au déploiement des programmes de santé mentionnés ci-dessus. Le risque qu'une femme enceinte meure d'un paludisme grave était 2,5 fois plus élevé dans les districts ayant une faible capacité opérationnelle. Enfin, notre thèse a proposé une approche pour répondre aux situations de crise qui affecterait la collecte de données et pourrait être utilisée pour fixer l'objectif ou fournir des alertes précoces pour les épidémies ou autres notifications. Conclusion :Notre thèse fournit des outils utiles pour la surveillance des maladies dans les pays en développement afin de contribuer à optimiser les ressources limitées dans les zones à forte incidence de paludisme. Les résultats de notre thèse pourraient être utilisés par le ministère de la santé pour renforcer la capacité des outils de surveillance existants et pour développer des stratégies rationnelles et/ou de nouveaux outils de surveillance des cas de paludisme et des décès associés dans les communautés.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bavec, Simon. „Plateformes collectives d’approvisionnement de produits locaux – performance organisationnelle et implication des agriculteurs“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbstract: Agrofood systems are confronted with numerous socio-economic challenges. In this context, public policies support a transition to more sustainable systems. These public policies stimulate an increase in the volume of local products in public catering. This demand of institutional catering and other professional clients faces several obstacles (e.g. volumes, diversity, and consistency of quality) that cannot be overcome by individual farmers. Recent initiatives such as collective platforms aim to coordinate local food supply chains. To investigate their governance therefore becomes central to support a transition to more sustainable supply chains. The goal of this thesis is to explore the modes of governance of collective platforms through the analysis of 6 case studies in the former Midi-Pyrénées region. Building on the theoretical proposals of transaction costs economics and on the analysis of organizations strategic positioning, the thesis proposes a new appreciation of organizational performance. Beyond explaining the organizational diversity of the platforms, the analysis shows that an alignment of governance structure and strategic positioning generates an organizational performance of collective platforms. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the collective platforms offer weak economic incentives to farmers which are members. In this context, the second part of the thesis looks at the determinants of their involvement and shows that these determinants are mainly socio-economic and subjective. Finally, this study offers recommendations for improving the organizational performance of collective platforms and provides food for thought for public policies that subsidize collective platforms
Befort, Nicolas. „Pour une mésoéconomie de l'émergence de la bioéconomie : représentations, patrimoines productifs collectifs et stratégies d'acteurs dans la régulation d'une chimie doublement verte“. Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIME001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyses the emergence of a new economic space from a mesoeconomic regulationist and evolutionist approach. This space has been called "bioeconomy" by the actors after divergent and conflictual interpretations of this concept. This economic space differs from the traditional ways of representing the division of labour into sectors (chemistry, agriculture, energy). The actors involved in seeking to define this space are reconstructing these sectors into an original and specific field, which is built on the use of biobased plant, animal and algal renewable resources. These actors consider themselves to be becoming the "industry of industries". Thus, instead of providing end products, they produce intermediates for agro- or chemical industries, materials or energy. The field does not cover photovoltaic electricity. Therefore, bioeconomy is a recomposition of the relationships between agriculture and chemistry in which the former becomes the supplier for the latter. We use the concept of the regimes of production of knowledge and of economic activity to describe the diversity of the technological promises made by the actors involved. We show, therefore, that bioeconomy cannot be reduced to the biotechnological revolution. Three broad views of bioeconomy emerge. At a deeper level, we present here three case studies to illustrate this diversity. The actors are weighed down by an "economy of promises" based on their own productive heritages that they are trying to reproduce and project into the future. This leads them to problematize the bioeconomy space in order to determine their resource allocations
Gaillard, David. „Gestion concertée du ruissellement-érosif dans les espaces agricoles des plateaux de grande culture : analyse spatiale, approche socio-économique et mise en place d'une dynamique collective d'aménagement : exemple de la Seine-Maritime“. Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL490.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeaty slide inundation in the Pays de Caux became a priority for regional development. The run-off is the most important factor that can explain the fact and frequency of this type of inundation. A space ans systemic approach at the scale of the elementary water-shed allows co-ordinated actions to appear, that have been decided and approved on a collective basis, which is a guaranty of effectiveness and efficiency. In addition to selective post corrective measures located right below vulnerable areas, efforts and reflections are made about the manner to reconsidering upper-water-shed practices. Mixing both significant scales ( elementary water-shed and farm), space analysis and modelling allow to suggest measures to fight run-off and erosion. Tese measures are individuals but with collective imperatives, which guatantees the homogenisation of devices on the area at risk, and implies a mediation and a dialogue aiming at reorganising the space of the farms. The socio-economic approach allows to adapt the erosive run-off limitation requirements to the financial and structural constraints of the agricultural company
Angélidou, Aliki. „Transformations sociales et recompositions de l'identité locale en Europe du sud-est : le cas de Vrabevo, un village bulgare post-socialiste“. Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur research explores socio-economic and political changes as well as the construction of collective identities in a bulgarian village in the post-socialist era. This work reats the specific articulation of two defferent systems of practices and representations, a"capitalist" and a "socialist" one, into new complex "hybrid" products, of which the most representative is the new village cooperative farm. Trying to understand the actual ambivalence of bulgarian villagers we analyse in the longue durée the different socio-economic, political and identity processes, in their dynamic as a hole. The first part inscribes social transformations in a historical perspective since the creation of the village at the end 19th century. The second part treats the contemporary situation, while the last part deals with the question of the reconstruction of the local identuty as a "communist" one
Abrami, Géraldine. „Niveaux d'organisation dans la modélisation multi-agent pour la gestion de ressources renouvelables. Application à la mise en œuvre de règles collectives de gestion de l'eau agricole dans la basse-vallée de la Drôme“. Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000904.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaignan, Marion. „La construction d'un prix juste au sein d'un système agro-alimentaire alternatif : le cas de la société coopérative d'intérêt collectif alter-Conso“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe industrial model of food production, consumption and distribution has been criticised since the seventies in reference to its environmental, social and economical impacts. These critics led to the emergence of a diversity of socio-economic initiatives, engaged in the promotion of a model of agriculture that is more respectful of the planet and its inhabitants, based on new organizational forms and oriented towards fair economic exchange. These alternative food systems refer to a diversity of production methods, including responsible and organic farming, agroecology, permaculture. Alternative food systems generally rely on organisations engaged in a social or solidarity economy : Community supported agriculture, short food supply channels, cooperatives, local fair trade. They reconsider the purpose and terms of economic activity and are driven by a desire to engage in an alternative economy. The question of fairness in exchange, embodied by the will to define a fair price, is of central matter for these initiatives.In this context, this thesis aims at analysing the construction of a fair price within an alternative food system. This system is engaged in a dynamic of local fair trade, and is based on an innovative organizational form. An empirical study has been conducted during three years within the cooperative Alter-Conso. This social cooperative proposes a weekly distribution of local and organic food products, in 14 delivery points in and around the city of Lyon. It puts forward the values and principle of a social and solidarity economy, and brings together into cooperation four categories of members : employees, producers, consumers, supporters. In this sense, economic activity aims primarily at achieving a social and political goal, oriented towards a transformation of agricultural practices and questioning the dominant management practices of economic life. The thesis aims at analysing how the members of the cooperative construct a fair price, considering its social project and its organizational form.The thesis shows that the construction of a fair price articulates three forms of justice : distributive , commutative, and procedural. It shows how the cooperative defines a price definition process that is an alternative to the market price. Indeed, the price construction takes into account the values and social goals of the cooperative, both in the criteria that define a fair price and in the price fixation process. The price construction is based on a discussion among the cooperative’s stakeholders, regardless of the variations of supply and demand. It is constructed on the basis of a lasting, comprehensive and tripartite relationship between the producers, the consumers, and the cooperative employees. The relationship is based on reciprocity and on the recognition of the needs of all the people affected by the exchange
Toniazzo, Fernando. „Caracterização e otimização de um sistema de aquecimento de água utilizando coletor solar com concentrador cônico“. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/808.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFundação Araucária
This work aims to optimize a solar water heating system for use on small farms. The solar heating system to be optimized is based on a collector with conical concentrator. The principle of concentration of light in a solar funnel collector comes down in abstraction and reflection of solar radiation to central hub with a tapered inner faces reflective. The solar energy concentration area is occupied by a receiver with high thermal conductivity material, suitably isolated by transparent surfaces for forming the greenhouse, where thermal energy is transferred to a working fluid. The characterization of the system shall take place with test runs the field to relate the proposed changes as a function of system efficiency. The method is summarized in data sampling in different scenarios, which vary according to the heating system (passive and active) and solar tracking (manual and stationary). Preliminary results show the optimization of the absorber geometry and the interaction of light in a conical concentrator. The results demonstrate that the scenarios with solar tracker have higher efficiency than with fixed orientation and solar heating systems operated actively are more efficient than passive systems
Este trabalho teve por objetivo otimizar um sistema de aquecimento solar de água para uso em pequenas propriedades rurais. O sistema de aquecimento solar otimizado é baseado em um coletor com concentrador cônico. O princípio de concentração de luz em um coletor solar com concentrador cônico resume-se na captação e reflexão da radiação solar ao centro de um concentrador afunilado com faces internas refletivas. A área de concentração de energia solar é ocupada por um receptor com material de alta condutibilidade térmica, devidamente isolado por superfícies transparentes para formação do efeito estufa, onde a energia térmica é transferida para um fluido de trabalho. A caracterização do sistema se efetuou com execuções de testes a campo para relacionar as mudanças propostas em função da eficiência do sistema. A metodologia constituiu-se de amostragens de dados em diferentes cenários, os quais variaram de acordo com o sistema de aquecimento (passivo e ativo) e rastreamento solar (manual e estacionário). Os resultados demonstraram que os cenários com seguidor solar apresentaram maior eficiência do que os com orientação fixa e os sistemas de aquecimento solar operados de forma ativa foram mais eficientes do que os sistemas passivos.
Noel, Aurélie. „La gestion collective de l'eau dans les périmètres irrigués du Nordeste brésilien, vallée de São Francisco“. Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis studies the changes occured in the management of the irrigated perimeters of Brazilian Nordeste following the central disengagement of the state. It analyzes the problems arising from the passage of a mode of management centralized and bureaucratic to a form of decentralized management, implemented by the users themselves. From the observation of two irrigated perimeters, the study is interested in the processes of creation of new bodies of management (the districts of irrigation), in the stakes and the conflicts that arouse the elaboration of new rules of the game and new reports of power among the users, in the influence of the technical characteristics of the networks of irrigation and the impact of the coexistence of small developers and agricultural companies in the same irrigated perimeter. A privileged place is given to the questions put by the elaboration of a system of fixing of a price scale for the water and by the behavior of the users as regards the payment of the fees. The resolution of these two problems constitutes a fundamental condition of the stabilization of the new organizations of management
Badan, Xavier. „l'élevage montagnard face au paysage patrimonial : organisation et réseaux d'acteurs autour de la construction d'une nouvelle représentation collective : l’exemple des sites « Causses et Cévennes » et « Chaîne des Puys – Faille De Limagne »“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhat is a landscape heritage? It is a new look by actors on a landscape wichi, according to Levy & Lussault (2003) “is supposed to deserve a transfer from past to find a value in present”. It is “a collection of attributes, representations, practices fixed on a non-contemporary object […] whose present importance is declared collectively, intrinsic (how this objet is representative of history of society’s objects) and extrinsic (how this object contains the values of a collective memory), which requires its conservation and its transmission.In order to define the heritage properties of landscape, people organize themselves into groups and try to communicate with each other’s. Each constructs a representation of the landscape around specific attributes that are of interest to the group. All these representations are different and yet they concern a single landscape. When it comes to carrying out an action that will have an effect on this common space, the groups interact with each other within a “collective network”. The action may be the subject of negotiations, tensions, conflicts, agreement or abandonment depending on the position of each person. However, whether the action was carried out or abandoned, the actors have exchanged their views on the landscape throughout the collective network. Therefore, as actions are progressively carried out on patrimonial landscape, groups of people construct a common view of this landscape: it is the “collective representation of the landscape”.Unlike a material object, the landscape is difficult to quantify. The acquisition for the latter of a heritage value therefore requires a complex process called “patrimonialization process”. For the groups of people present in the landscape, this process is not insignificant. It disrupts the collective representation of the landscape that has been built in the collective network. In the resulting social disorder, the groups will struggle to assert their representation of the landscape in a new collective representation. In this context, our thesis poses the following problem: Considering a territory undergoing a transformation of the look towards a heritage context, to what extent do agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders build a new collective representation focused on keeping livestock, use of space and landscape management?To address this problem, we have mobilized the networks of agricultural and non-agricultural actors existing at two sites in the Massif Central that are registered or in search of inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage (“Les Causses et les Cévennes” and “La Chaîne des Puys - faille de Limagne”). After a brief description of the two sites, we have explained our positioning as regards the collective rather than the individual aspect in the construction of a representation of the landscape and around the organization and management of the landscape. We have then constructed a methodology that is inspired by this theoretical contribution. Thanks to it, we managed to conduct a hundred interviews which enabled us to identify and analyze on the sites the two networks in which the collective actors are organizing to integrate this new heritage stake in their representation of the landscape. This network organization materializes around a series of actions aimed to the management of the heritage, as well as support for livestock rising and the enhancement of agricultural production. Thus, we note that the process of patrimonialization contributes indirectly, by influencing the collective representation of agricultural space, to the evolution of agricultural practices which are themselves responsible for the construction of space
Alhassoumi, Hadizatou. „Innovations, dynamiques et mutations sociales : les femmes productrices de sésame de la Sirba (Ouest du Niger) et leurs initiatives collectives“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study is based on innovations in agricultural activities, notably the valorization of sesame cultivation which is considered as women’s activity in Western Niger. To understand the current dynamisms, this study proceeds by analyzing gender relationship through social and cultural practices within the study region. The analyses of the emergence of women’s collective initiatives permitted us to bring to light their social positions and their capacity to act has greatly favored their institutional recognition. The groupings involved in horticultural activities and those valorizing sesame offer a favorable learning framework for the construction of collective identity. The implementation of technical innovations and the necessary interactions as a result let women acquire the competence that contributes to the emergence of their socioprofessional identity
Solano, Solis Jaime hernán. „Etude d'une collection de pommes de terre (Solanum tuberosum spp tuberosum L.) native de Chiloé (Chili) : Conservation in situ, Diversité morphologique et génétique, Comportement vis-à-vis de Phytophtora infestans“. Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00910688.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKuhfuss, Laure. „Contrats agro-environnementaux : évaluation et dispositifs innovants en France“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTerritorialized agri-environmental measures (MAEt) were introduced in France for the 2007-2013 Common Agricultural Policy program. The forthcoming CAP reform is an opportunity to improve the design of existing agri-environmental schemes. The first part of this thesis assesses this scheme (MAEt), with special attention paid to water pollution issues. In the first chapter we analyse theadvantages and limits of the partial decentralization of decision-making in the setting-up of agrienvironmentalprojects and of improved targeting through the identification of eligible priority areas.This analysis is illustrated by the results of a national survey conducted with eligible farmers andagents in charge of the implementation of the scheme and by two case studies conducted in Eure etLoir and Languedoc-Roussillon. These surveys help us to identify the reasons for the too low adoptionrates of pesticides reduction measures by farmers. In the second chapter, we estimate the impact ofherbicide reduction measures adopted by winegrowers in the Languedoc-Roussillon region using atreatment effects approach. The second part of the thesis proposes two innovative designs aiming atincreasing the acceptability of agri-environmental measures by farmers. In chapter 3 we study theintroduction of a collective dimension in the contracts. This collective dimension relies on a monetary‘bonus’ paid to each farmer who has signed a contract, provided that the proportion of landcollectively enrolled in the agri-environmental scheme reaches a predefined threshold. We finallyanalyse in chapter 4 the possible use of reverse auctions for the allocation of agri-environmentalcontracts, on the basis of the pilot experiment implemented by the Water Agency in Artois-Picardie.This mechanism enables farmers to adapt the practices they commit to and the payment that they receive to their own willingness to accept
Gisclard, Marie. „Le développement rural en Argentine : transformations de l'action publique et recompositions territoriales“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00574455.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLos espacios rurales argentinos enfrentan transformaciones profundas vinculadas a la consolidación del modelo de agricultura empresarial y exportadora. En las regiones extra-pampeanas, sus consecuencias son objeto de controversia, y suelen describirse en términos de deterritorialización y “fragmentación”. En ese contexto, interrogamos los nuevos principios de acción pública de desarrollo rural que conducen a la “territorialización” de la acción pública y al “refuerzo institucional”, con el objetivo de consolidar las capacidades de acción y participación de los actores locales. A partir de experiencias en el Chaco argentino, la tesis se centra en la configuración del campo del desarrollo rural y la articulación entre acción pública y acción colectiva alrededor de innovaciones territoriales e institucionales. Las cuales se interpretan como traducciones locales de los principios de acción pública globalizados en los que participan nuevos actores: técnicos y organizaciones de pequeños productores. La territorialización de la acción pública permite postular la emergencia de un nuevo pacto territorial, entendido como una relación Estado-territorio. La tesis demuestra que ese pacto integra las contradicciones socio-espaciales entre diferentes formas de territorialización de la actividad agropecuaria y conduce a la fragmentación del sector agropecuario en dos referenciales: un referencial de desarrollo rural, basado en la agricultura familiar, y un referencial productivista, basado en la agricultura empresarial
Argentine rural spaces are going through deep changes related to the consolidation of a model based on an exports driven and industrial agriculture. In extra-pampas regions, the consequences of this model are controversial, and are often described as (territorial) disembedding and fragmenting. In this context, we investigate new principles of public action directed towards rural development. These principles lead to the “territorialisation” of public action and “institutional reinforcement”, aiming to consolidate local stakeholders’ participation and capacities. Analyzing experiences in the Argentine Chaco, this PhD dissertation focuses on rural development field and its configuration, and how public actions are connected to collective actions to foster territorial and institutional innovations. These innovations are interpreted as local transpositions of internationally diffused public action principles, involving new actors such as development agents and peasant organizations. “Territorialisation” of public action brings forward the question of the emergence of a new territorial pact, understood as a State-territory relation. This PhD dissertation demonstrates that this new pact takes into account the socio-spatial contradictions between different types of agricultural activities’ territorialisation and leads to the fragmentation of agricultural sector into two systems of reference: a frame for rural development, focusing on family farms, and a productivist frame, focusing on agribusiness
Ebela, Amélie Philomène. „Le vivrier marchand dans la lutte contre la pauvreté des ménages en milieu rural : le cas du département de la Mvila dans le sud du Cameroun“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30013/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research examines the role of food-producing trade in fighting against poverty in the rural households of Mvila division in Cameroon. Subsistence agriculture appears to be the principal production activity in the target villages 80% of the active population interviewed is involved in such activities. For a long time, self-consumption has been the main orientation of crop production. However, food-producing trade has gained a lot of economic importance these last years. By so doing farmers find alternative income source after cocoa price has dropped while the urban population, not involved in agriculture, has significantly increased. Regardless of the motivations behind the choice of farmers, food-producing trade leads to income diversification and financial power aiming at improving the living conditions of rural people. Since 1960, the central government of Cameroon has been trying to change believes that restrict food crop production to self-consumption in the households. The crucial economic crisis associated with agricultural export products led to Food-producing trade intensification. This objective has been accompanied by Common Group Initiative (CGI) encouragement and other financing subsidy bodies in the rural areas. It is however worthy noticing that, the villages of Mvila division are far to emerge in income generating activities as many households are still timid in adopting food-producing trade. Therefore, the contribution of such activities to poverty reduction is still insufficient. This kind of contradiction can be justified by several factors, including farmer dependence on cocoa farming or farmer fatigue on agriculture and marketing in general. This situation is also sustained by the lack of modernization of the productive and commercial food crop equipments. That global environment leads to decrease of agricultural production volumes and economic return while the risks increase in rural areas. Although some farmer organizations obtain good results, the scale of the current challenges greatly restricts the feasibility of rural households' poverty alleviation initiatives
Comer, Clémentine. „En quête d'égalité(s). La cause des agricultrices en Bretagne entre statu quo conjugal et ajustement catégoriel“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research looks into the conditions for the structuring and continuation of a separate female activism within Breton organisations and farmers mobilisations. Mainly made up of professionals living in couples and situated at the intersection between gender equality advocacy groups, professional networks and support groups, farming self-help groups are a case in point to question not only the intertwining of professional and marital identities within activism but also the lability of rhetorical uses of equality and feminism within women-only professional spaces. The analysis of their position within the farmers’ representation spaces makes it compelling to question the degree of autonomy of the claims made in the name of women farmers, their influence upon the setting of professional agendas and their impact on the development of activist careers.Evidence was collected through an apparatus which consisted in the addition of a four-year-long observation of female groups’ formal and informal activities, an analysis of their professional literature, an inventory of their opinion columns inside the farm press, to which can be added semi-structured interviews with women farmers engaged in this activism and the setting up of statistical data about female mandates within Breton farm organisations since the 1990s. Drawing on an analysis which mixes gender studies, sociology of militancy and studies of farming professional representation, this PhD aims to demonstrate that women farmers groups and mobilisations shape the features of a farming “women cause” although it is subordinated to corporatist interests and seen through the lenses of the normative ideal of complementarity between the sexes. Being a repository of interlinked professional, organisational and matrimonial standpoints, female activism spaces lead to the ambivalent politicisation of plural belongings. These multiple affiliations can be a catalyst for protest as well as a way to reproduce sexual hierarchies and social and political order
Terral, Pierre-Marie. „Le Larzac, de la lutte paysanne à l'altermondialisme. Entre histoire et mémoire (1971-2010)“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 1971, the plateau of Larzac, up to then unknown, reaches an unexpected renown when the extension of the military camp located in its heart is announced. The local farmers enter into a protest, which during one decade (1971-1981), mobilizes around them a wide and disparate movement, instigated by the Larzac committees having spread in all France. The victory of 1981 does not mean the end of the activism of this renewed population. On the contrary, during the three following decades, the activist Larzac begins the improvement of land of its territory, but also the agricultural trade unionism and networks of international solidarity which lead to the altermondialism. With the emergence of the figure of José Bové, bridging the gap between the two periods, Larzac returns in the lime light. Its spectacular actions are in a certain continuity of the initial fight, whose actors perpetuate the memory. The memory of this past continues its legendary advance, well beyond the limits of the plateau…
Congretel, Mélanie. „Une plante, des fils et des clones. Histoires amazoniennes de guaraná(s) dans un monde globalisé“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCan we account for the identity and territorial struggles the globalization of markets and resources reveals, by describing how a plant cultivated for several centuries in the Brazilian Amazon, turns into a « wild » plant or, conversely, into a « technology »? In a context of ecological transition and criticism of the modernist agricultural paradigm, the thesis explores the local expressions and stakes of this socio-environmental shift, focusing on the relationships that form between men and an emblematic plant of the region, guaraná (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis). Considering four distinct projects which promote this energetic plant, it also questions the way Amazonian populations seize this changing context, and innovate in order to negotiate their relationship to modernity, at the crossroads of globalized value chains and of a territory, the Lower Amazonas, where the plant is historically rooted. In the wake of the environmental humanities interdisciplinary stream, our work contemplates guaraná as an actor of the projects studied. We combine ethnobotanical surveys with a socio-anthropological approach inspired by science studies, to portray local experiences of the plant and the multiple forms innovation can take in a region long shelved from the dynamics of development. By approaching the plant through the concept of ontology, we show that that several guaranas coexist today in the Lower Amazonas, defined by several ingredients: biological resources, practices, techniques, knowledge, representations, valuation projects and rules. Far from representing different points of view on the same plant, these "guaranás" are distinct plants. They embody the frictions between different worlds whose more or less extensive networks intersect and seek to anchor themselves in the territory, in order to impose themselves on others, to resist them, or to invent new representations of territorial development
Francois, Anne. „Exploiter terres et populations conquises au nom du national-socialisme : l'Ostland dans les Ardennes pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC030/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn May 1940, the population of the Ardennes fled from the arrival of the German troops. The economic and agricultural ressources of the department, which yet had been subject to evacuation plans since the thirties, were given up to the occupying forces. A few weeks later, a large area of the North-East of France including the Ardennes was declared « forbidden zone ». The cultivable land was confiscated from its owners and taken over for the benefit of the Reich by a company named Ostland, which had already orchestrated a similar spoliation movement in Poland since its invasion. One of its local subsidiaries, WOL III , set up in the Ardennes a vast project to implement the National Socialist agricultural methods which required an abundant workforce. Some German farmers, called crop managers, were sent out there to run large farms on which several thousands of French and colonial prisoners as well as 5000 Ardennes farmers were working under duress. Jewish labourers were also recruited and thousands of Poles, expelled from their villages, were deported to work on these farms with intensive agriculture. This situation caused social tensions that were particuliarly evident during the Liberation and during the « purification » trials involving some WOL employees. French authorities tried to manage the liquidation of the German company and the organisation of the repatriation of the Poles, two difficult operations that took many months to complete. Recognition of Ostland victims was uneven and late since it occurred only from the 1990s onwards. Distinct memories specific to the different groups of workers also emerged at that time and were expressed during commemorations
Turcotte, Mario. „Étude de cas : une négociation collective à dominante intégrative : le cas de l'Union des Producteurs Agricoles (UPA)“. Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1653.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle„Dynamiques agraires, irrigation et institutions dans le delta du Fleuve Rouge (Viêt-nam) : une analyse multi-scalaire de la gestion agricole de l'eau“. Université catholique de Louvain, 2004. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-07122004-104405/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDehaibi, Laura. „L'évolution de la protection de la liberté d'association des travailleurs agricoles salariés en droit international et en droit canadien“. Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8346.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study analyses the difficulties faced by agricultural workers exercising their rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining. These workers often find themselves excluded from national legislation providing for the protection of union rights, and when these rights are provided to them, their ability to exercise them is limited. Being amongst the poorest human beings on earth, agricultural workers would instead require stronger protection. What are the historical causes of this discriminatory treatment (part one) ? How has international labour law helped to correct this situation (part two) ? In what way did international labour law influence canadian domestic law in regard of the protection of wage earning agricultural workers (part three) ? The reasons for the singular treatment of this class of workers go back to agriculture’s very roots. Conscious of the particular characteristics of this activity, the International Labour Organisation asserted, at the very beginning of the 20th century, that no justification stood to limit the rights of agricultural workers to unionize. It later insisted on the fundamental value of union rights in front of diverse UN forums and favoured their promotion for agricultural workers through the elaboration of labour standards as well as extensive use of soft law tools, considered more suited to the globalised world. International labour law also contributed to the interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom by Canadian courts in their analysis of the constitutionality of total or partial exclusion of agricultural workers from legislation protecting union rights.
Urbisaglia, Gianluca. „Relazioni sindacali e rapporti di lavoro nel contesto economico-produttivo del settore agricolo“. Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/981995.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study explores and discusses the specific national framework of Labour Law and Labour relations system in the agricultural sector. The study reveals that the country has a quite exhaustive structure of labour legislation and collective bargaining but practically the labour laws and contractual protections are inappropriate in terms of effective tutelage of workers' needs and does not reflects the evolution of the agricultural sector and its heterogenity of products and markets. The CAP and particular Italian agro-industrial legislation have contributed to all this