Dissertationen zum Thema „Collaborative mobile robot“
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Rasheed, Tahir. „Collaborative Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robots“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a novel concept of Mobile Cable - Driven Parallel Robots (MCDPRs) as a new robotic system. MCDPR is composed of a classical C able - D riven P a rallel R obot (CDPR) mounted on multiple mobile bases. MCDPRs combines the autonomy of mobile robots with the advantages of CDPRs, namely, large workspace, high payload - to - weight ratio, low end - effector inertia, deployability and reconfigurability. Moreover , MCDPRs presents a new technical innovation that could help to bring more flexibility and versatility with respect to existing industrial robotic solutions. Two MCDPRs prototypes named FASTKIT and MoPICK have been developed during the course of this the sis. FASTKIT is composed of two mobile bases carrying a six degrees - of - freedom moving - platform, pulled by eight cables , with a goal to provide a low cost and versatile robotic solution for logistics. MoPICK is composed of a three degrees - of - freedom movi ng - platform pulled by four cables mounted on four mobile bases. The targeted applications of MoPICK are mobile tasks in a constrained environment, for example, a workshop or logistic operations in a warehouse. The contributions of this thesis are as follow s. Firstly, all the necessary conditions are studied that required to achieve the static equilibrium of a MCDPR . These conditions are used to develop a Tension Distribution Algorithm for the real time control of the MCDRP cables. The equilibrium conditions are also used to investigate the Wrench - Feasible - Workspace of MCDPRs. Afterwards, the kinematic performance and twist capabilities of the MCDPRs are investigated. Finally, the last part of the thesis presents multiple path planning strategies for MCDPRs i n order to reconfigure the CDPR’s geometric architecture for performing the desired task
Adámek, Tomáš. „Konstrukce dopravníkové nástavby mobilního robotu MiR“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442861.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDa, Silva Filho José Grimaldo. „Towards natural human-robot collaboration during collision avoidance“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleClassical approaches for robot navigation among people have focused on guaranteed collision-free motion with the assumption that people are either static or moving obstacles. However, people are not ordinary obstacles. People react to the presence and the motion of a robot. In this context, a robot that behaves in human-like manner has been shown to reduce overall cognitive effort for nearby people as they do not have to actively think about a robot's intentions while moving on its proximity.Our work is focused on replicating a characteristic of human-human interaction during collision avoidance that is the mutual sharing of effort to avoid a collision. Based on hundreds of situations where two people have crossing trajectories, we determined how total effort is shared between agents depending on several factors of the interaction such as crossing angle and time to collision. As a proof of concept our generated model is integrated into gls{rvo}. For validation, the trajectories generated by our approach are compared to the standard gls{rvo} and to our dataset of people with crossing trajectories.Collaboration during collision avoidance is not without its potential negative consequences. For effective collaboration both agents have to pass each other on the same side. However, whenever the decision of which side collision should be avoided from is not consistent for people, the robot should also account for the risk that both agents will attempt to incorrectly cross each other on different sides. Our work first determines the uncertainty around this decision for people. Based on this, a collision avoidance approach is proposed so that, even if agents initially choose to incorrectly attempt to cross each other on different sides, the robot and the person would be able to perceive the side from which collision should be avoided in their following collision avoidance action. To validate our approach, several distinct scenarios where the crossing side decision is ambiguous are presented alongside collision avoidance trajectories generated by our approach in such scenarios
Brind'Amour, Francois. „Navigation sensor for collaborative mobile robots“. Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26860.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBiddlestone, Scott Richard. „Collaborative Motion for Mobile Platforms“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357227236.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChebab, Zine Elabidine. „Conception et commande collaborative de manipulateurs mobiles modulaires (C3M3)“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, the concept of Industry 4.0 has led to new possibilities of use for mobile manipulators (MMs) that are generally made of a manipulator arm mounted on a mobile base. The current Ph.D. is focused on the synthesis and control of new cooperative MMs by defining three challenges. The first challenge concerns the widening of the fields of application of robots. Therefore, we define a modular robotic system based on the use of multiple MMs (mono robots or m-bots) that can be used as a global system (poly-robot or p-bot) for collaborative tasks. The second challenge concerns the definition of the kinematic structure of the MMs. We propose a new generic method of structural synthesis that allows to obtain multiple kinematic architectures for m-bots that respect the constraints imposed by the task and the workspace. This method is based on structural analysis of MMs by the evaluation of the structural parameters (connectivity, mobility, redundancy and overconstraint). The last challenge concerns the modelling and control of the new architectures for the new fields of application. Two control laws (PID control and hybrid force-position control) are proposed in order to realise the considered task. Their validation is done with advanced simulations
Hichri, Bassem. „Design and control of collaborative, cross and carry mobile robots : C3Bots“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22601/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur goal in the proposed work is to design and control a group of similar mobile robots with a simple architecture, called m-bot. Several m-bots can grip a payload, in order to co-manipulate and transport it, whatever its shape and mass. The resulting robot is called a p-bot andis capable to solve the so-called "removal-man task" to transport a payload. Reconfiguring the p-bot by adjusting the number of m-bots allows to manipulate heavy objects and to manage objects with anyshape, particularly if they are larger than a single m-bot. Obstacle avoidance is addressed and mechanical stability of the p-bot and its payload is permanently guaranteed. A proposed kinematic architecture for a manipulation mechanism is studied. This mechanism allows to lift a payload and put it on them-bot body in order to be transported. The mobile platform has a free steering motion allowing the system maneuver in any direction. An optimal positioning of the m-bots around the payload ensures a successful task achievement without loss of stability for the overall system. The positioning algorithm respects the Force Closure Grasping (FCG) criterion which ensures the payload stability during the manipulation phase. It respects also the Static Stability Margin (SSM) criterion which guarantees the payload stability during the transport. Finally, it considers also the Restricted Areas (RA) that could not be reached by the robots to grab the payload. A predefined control law is then used to ensure the Target Reaching (TR) phase of each m-bot to its desired position around the payload and to track a Virtual Structure (VS), during the transportation phase, in which each elementary robot has to keep the desired position relative to the payload. Simulation results for an object of any shape, described by aparametric curve, are presented. Additional 3D simulation results with a multi-body dynamic software and experiments by manufactured prototypes validate our proposal
Alves, Silas Franco dos Reis. „Plataforma de software para técnicas de navegação e colaboração de robôs móveis autônomos“. [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: A navegação e a colaboração são aspectos importantes da robótica móvel. A navegação confere aos robôs móveis as habilidades básicas de interação com o ambiente, os obstáculos e agentes nele situado. Já a colaboração permite que os robôs coordenem sua navegação e interação com o ambiente de forma que os permita realizar tarefas complexas de forma rápida e eficiente. Neste trabalho de pesquisa foi desenvolvida uma plataforma de software que oferece suporte a algumas técnicas tradicionais de navegação e colaboração de robôs móveis. Com esta plataforma, é possível programar diferentes robôs com os mesmos componentes de software, o que reduz o tempo de desenvolvimento do aplicativo ao incentivar o reuso de software. Além disso, as técnicas de navegação e colaboração fornecidas pela plataforma amenizam o esforço em desenvolver o software de controle para robôs móveis colaborativos, pois a plataforma permite que o usuário concentre seus esforços na solução dos problemas pertinentes a aplicação do robô, uma vez que as técnicas de navegação e colaboração são fornecidas pela plataforma
Abstract: The navigation and collaboration are important aspects of mobile robotics. The navigation provides to mobile robots the basic skills of interaction with the environment, and the obstacles and agents located therein. The collaboration allows the robots to coordinate their navigation and interaction with the environment in a way that enables them to per-form complex tasks quickly and efficiently. This research project developed a software plat-form that supports some traditional navigation techniques and collaboration of mobile robots. With this platform, different robots can be programmed with the same software components, reducing the application's development time by encourage software reuse. Furthermore, the techniques of navigation and collaboration provided by the platform alleviate the effort to develop the control software for collaborative mobile robots, because the plat-form allows the user to focus their efforts on solving the problems relevant to the robot's application, since the navigation techniques and collaboration are provided by the platform
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Dumont, Emmanuel. „Collaboration entre un humain, un robot et un système ambiant pour l’évaluation de comportements“. Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2484/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo evaluate a human behavior is equivalent to evaluate all the markers translating this behavior (gestures, lyrics interactions, etc.). The observation by a human of certain markers such as facial expressions, prosody or linguistics, requires specialized training. To facilitate the assessment of behavior, scales indicating the observations to be made and the conclusions to be made are used. Thus, automating the evaluation of the behavior amounts to automate the analysis of an environment by means of several sensors, then analyzing the signals obtained in order to extract the markers allowing the deduction of the observed behavior. Due to the variability of human observations in overly specific analyzes, more and more studies are using thes automatic observation and behavioral evaluation systems. The objective is to assist human analysis and evaluation by exploiting automatic systems capable of extracting information that is difficult to observe for humans. As a result, the collaboration between the human and the computer systems makes it possible to analyze more elements of the behavior in a reliable and objective way. This thesis proposes an approach of behavior analysis based on the collaboration between humans and an automatic system. We set up an electronic and computer platform consisting of a mobile robot and an ambient system to evaluate human behavior. This platform is defined as: — Modular to the addition or removal of sensors: The addition and removal of sensors is feasible without a system is impacted otherwise than its performance to accurately recognize behaviors; — Accessible to Reading Recorded Data: The use of ontologies, as a semantic and logical database, makes the platform usable and accessible to people unfamiliar With complex computer systems; — Robust to ambiguities: every platform system (ambient or robot) is independent and has its own representation of the environment. However, they collaborate With each Other to respond to inconsistencies or lack of information during the performance of a task
Baalbaki, Hassan. „Logistique hospitalière à l’aide de robots mobiles reconfigurables“. Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0618/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to the expansion of the life duration and the shortage of medical personal in hospitals the EU funded IWARD project as part of the IFP6 program. The aims of this project were to assist the medical personnel in logistic and non medical tasks (transport, cleaning, environmental monitoring, guidance and tele-monitoring) through the usage of mobile, reconfigurable, rechargeable robots, thus letting the Medical staff to concentrate on medical aspects of their work.This thesis was part of this project, and our work consisted on developing a decision making framework for the team of robots.In the first part of the thesis, we address the strategic decisions essentially the: (i) the robots’ home station location problem, (ii) Robot‘s reconfiguration problems and (iii) Robots recharging scheduling. We formulate those problems as a linear problems and we propose to solve them using Mixed Integer Programming (MIP). We also present a formulation using a column generation approach to solve those problems.In the later part we address the tactical problems, mainly the mission assignment, the mission scheduling and rescheduling. We present two different approaches; a centralized decision finder implemented using genetic algorithms. And a decentralized approach using auction like and market based algorithms in order to provided collaborative decision making framework.Finally we compare those two approaches using a custom made discrete event simulation (DES)
Abou-Samah, Michel. „A kinematically compatible framework for collaboration of multiple non-holonomic wheeled mobile robots /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33952.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe composite multi-degree-of-freedom vehicle, formed by placing a common object on the end-effector of two such mobile manipulator systems, possesses the ability to change its relative configuration as well as accommodate relative positioning errors of the mobile bases. However, closed kinematic loops are also formed constraining the relative motions of the overall system and requiring a careful treatment.
Two variants of the control schemes developed for mobile manipulators are adapted for the control of the overall collaborating system of two mobile manipulators carrying a common object along a desired trajectory. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Contreras, Samamé Luis Federico. „SLAM collaboratif dans des environnements extérieurs“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes large-scale mapping model of urban and rural environments using 3D data acquired by several robots. The work contributes in two main ways to the research field of mapping. The first contribution is the creation of a new framework, CoMapping, which allows to generate 3D maps in a cooperative way. This framework applies to outdoor environments with a decentralized approach. The CoMapping's functionality includes the following elements: First of all, each robot builds a map of its environment in point cloud format.To do this, the mapping system was set up on computers dedicated to each vehicle, processing distance measurements from a 3D LiDAR moving in six degrees of freedom (6-DOF). Then, the robots share their local maps and merge the point clouds individually to improve their local map estimation. The second key contribution is the group of metrics that allow to analyze the merging and card sharing processes between robots. We present experimental results to validate the CoMapping framework with their respective metrics. All tests were carried out in urban outdoor environments on the surrounding campus of the École Centrale de Nantes as well as in rural areas
Baalbaki, Hassan. „Logistique hospitalière à l'aide de robots mobiles reconfigurables“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783995.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBusson, David. „Gestion de robots mobiles et redondants et collaboratifs en environnement contraint et dynamique“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndustrial applications involving collaborative robots are regarded with a growing interest. These power-limited systems are embedded with additional sensing capabilities, which allow them to safely work around humans and conquer new industrial grounds. The subject of managing redundant, collaborative and mobile systems, for assembly operations within a human-populated aircraft production environment, is addressed in this thesis. From a process perspective, the use of these smaller and less stiff counterparts of the non-collaborative robots comes with new challenges. Their high mechanical flexibility and weak actuation can cause shortcomings in positioning accuracy or for interaction force sustainment. The ever-changing nature of human-populated environments also requires highly autonomous solutions. In this thesis, a formulation of positional redundancy is presented. It aims at simplifying the exploitation of the freedom redundant manipulators have on static-task-fulfilling postures. The associated formalism is then exploited to characterise and improve the deformational behaviour and the force capacity of redundant serial systems. Finally, the subject of planning motions within cluttered and dynamic environments is addressed. An adaptation of the well-known Probabilistic RoadMaps method is presented – to which obstacles trajectories anticipation has been included. This solution allows to plan safe, efficient and non-intrusive motions to a given destination
Gil, Pinto Arturo. „Vers une architecture de commande pour des robots mobiles coopérants non holonomes“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193835.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSouroulla, Timotheos. „Distributed Intelligence for Multi-Robot Environment : Model Compression for Mobile Devices with Constrained Computing Resources“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302151.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMänniska och robot samarbete (förkortat HRC från engelskans Human-Robot Collaboration), där både människor och robotar arbetar samtidigt i samma miljö, är ett växande forskningsområde och har ökat dramatiskt över de senaste decenniet. För att detta samarbetet ska vara möjligt och säkert behöver robotarna genomgå en ordentlig säkerhetsanalys så att farliga situationer kan undvikas. Denna säkerhetsanalys inkluderar komplexa Computer Vision uppgifter som kräver mycket processorkraft. Därför kan inte robotar med begränsad processorkraft utföra dessa beräkningar utan fördröjning, utan måste istället förlita sig på utomstående infrastruktur för att exekvera dem. Vid vissa tillfällen kan dock denna utomstående infrastruktur inte finnas på plats eller vara svår att koppla upp sig till. Även vid dessa tillfällen måste robotar fortfarande kunna navigera sig själva genom en lokal, och samtidigt upprätthålla hög grad av säkerhet. Detta projekt fokuserar på att reducera komplexiteten och det totala antalet parametrar av för-tränade Computer Vision-modeller genom att använda modellkompressionstekniker så som: Beskärning och kunskapsdestilering. Dessa modellkompressionstekniker har starka teoretiska grunder och praktiska belägg, men mängden arbeten kring deras kombinerade effekt är begränsad, därför är just det undersökt i detta arbetet. Resultaten av det här projektet visar att up till 90% av det totala antalet parametrar hos en Computer Vision-modell kan tas bort utan någon noterbar försämring av modellens säkerhet.
Adorno, Bruno Vilhena. „Contribution à la manipulation à deux bras : des manipulateurs à la collaboration homme-robot“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641678.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDaass, Bilal. „Approches informationnelles pour une navigation autonome collaborative de robots d'exploration de zones à risques“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the recent years, there was a growing interest to provide an accurate estimate of the state of a dynamic system for a wide range of applications. In this work, we target systems built up with several collaborative subsystems integrating various heterogeneous sensors. We introduce a filter concept that combines the advantages of both Kalman and informational filters to achieve low computational load. To consider any system whose measurement covariances are incomplete or unknown, a multi-sensor fusion based on the covariance intersection is analyzed in terms of calculation burden. Three multi-sensor fusion architectures are then considered. A fine analysis of the calculation load distribution of the filter and the covariance intersection algorithm is performed on the different components of these architectures. To make the system fault tolerant, informational statistical methods are developed. They are applicable to any method based on the generalized likelihood ratio. They lead to an adaptive threshold of this ratio. The technique has been implemented considering two types of control charts for the fast detection of sensor failures. Our theoretical approaches are validated through a system of collaborative mobile robots. We integrate a diagnosis and fault detection phase, which is based on the integration of these informational statistical methods into the fusion and estimation process, the latter being composed of a Bayesian filter and the covariance intersection. The main objective is to ensure that this system provides safe, accurate and fault-tolerant autonomous navigation. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept method for nondestructive and evaluation of materials in close proximity of the robot environment. In particular, we introduce a microwave sensor to characterize the electromagnetic wave to material under test interaction. This technique, known under the name radar, had a growing interest in academic laboratories and for usual applications related to speed measurements. Nevertheless, its adaptation to collaborative mobile robots remains a challenging task to address contactless characterization of materials, especially in harsh environments. This latter consists to determine the material characteristics from embedded microwave sensors
Ma, Yingchong. „Planification de trajectoire et commande pour les robots mobiles non-holonomes“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979604.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuerra, Matteo. „Le déploiement et l'évitement d'obstacles en temps fini pour robots mobiles à roues“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation work addresses the obstacle avoidance for wheeled mobile robots. The supervisory control framework coupled with the output regulation technique allowed to solve the obstacle avoidance problem and to formally prove the existence of an effective solution: two outputs for two objectives, reaching the goal and avoiding the obstacles. To have fast, reliable and robust results the designed control laws are finite-time, a particular class very appropriate to the purpose. The novelty of the approach lies in the easiness of the geometric approach to avoid the obstacle and on the formal proof provided under some assumptions. The solution have been thus extended to control a leader follower formation which, sustained from the previous result, uses two outputs but three controls to nail the problem. The Leader role is redesigned to be the reference of the group and not just the most advanced agent, moreover it has a active role slowing down the formation in case of collision avoidance manoeuvre for some robots. The proposed method, formally proven, makes the group move together and allow each agent to avoid obstacles or collision in a decentralized way. In addition, a further contribution of this dissertation, it is represented by a modification of the well known potential field method to avoid one of the common drawback of the method: the appearance of local minima. Control theory tools helps again to propose a solution that can be formally proven: the application of the definition of Input-to-State Stability (ISS) for decomposable sets allows to treat separate obstacles adding a perturbation which is able to move the trajectory away from a critic point
Li, Zhongmou. „Theoretical developments and experimental evaluation of a novel collaborative multi-drones grasping and manipulation system Zof large objects“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes a new concept of aerial manipulation robot named Flying Gripper that is intended to perform grasping, manipulating, and transporting of large objects autonomously. The Flying Gripper robot is composed of four quadrotors, four self-adaptive fingers and a body structure. The main contributions of these works are: (1) an original mechanical concept using multiple quadrotors to obtain full manipulability in SE(3) and taking advantage of their yaw rotations to actuate a self-adaptive and intrinsically safe grasping mechanism; (2) a wrench capability analysis method taking into account the equality and inequality constraints imposed by actuation limits, mechanical stops and equilibrium relations; (3) a model predictive controller to deal with unknown mass, inertia and center of mass due to the grasped object; (4) a Dynamic Control Allocation algorithm to distribute the control output in a way that guarantees the continuity of actuator's velocity, improves the energy efficiency and satisfies the robot mechanical limits.Numerical simulations and experimental tests have been carried out to validate the controller performances
Al, Hage Joelle. „Fusion de données tolérante aux défaillances : application à la surveillance de l’intégrité d’un système de localisation“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10074/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe interest of research in the multi-sensor data fusion field is growing because of its various applications sectors. Particularly, in the field of robotics and localization, the use of different sensors informations is a vital step to ensure a reliable position estimation. In this context of multi-sensor data fusion, we consider the diagnosis, leading to the identification of the cause of a failure, and the sensors faults tolerance aspect, discussed in limited work in the literature. We chose to develop an approach based on a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand and tools of the information theory on the other. Residuals based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are developed. These residuals allow to detect and to exclude the faulty sensors through optimized thresholding methods. This theory is tested in two applications. The first application is the fault tolerant collaborative localization of a multi-robot system. The second application is the localization in outdoor environments using a tightly coupled GNSS/odometer with a fault tolerant aspect
Lopes, Ana Cristina Barata Pires. „Mobile robot assisted navigation based on collaborative control“. Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/22775.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes an Assisted Navigation System (ANS) for a Robotic Wheelchair (RW) relying on a sparse and discrete Human-Machine Interface (HMI), more precisely a P300-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), or, in alternative, a switch/multi-switch with a scanner interface that allows a selection of commands to steer a RW. The proposed ANS is primarily intended for people with severe motor disabilities who are not able to operate most of the commercial HMIs. The ANS is based on a two-layer collaborative control approach that takes into account both human and machine information. The proposed collaborative controller complies with four essential design requirements: dialogue, awareness, self-reliance, and adaptiveness. The P300-based BCI, allowing a communication channel completely independent of any motor control requirement, appeared as a good choice for motor impaired users. However, due to the P300-based BCI system's low transfer rates, the user is only able to issue sparse and discrete commands over time. In this sense, to e ectively use such HMI, we are proposing an ANS able to predict and execute user navigation intents with minimum information. This relates directly to two design requirements: awareness and self-reliance, meaning that the RW must be able to clearly identify situations where aid is required, and ask for help in these situations. Moreover, since users are only able to issue sparse information over time, the robot must be self-reliant and able to cope with dynamic changes in the environment without requiring any aid or, if it is really needed, it must be able to deal with unreliable and delayed information. Our ANS includes a localization system, an obstacle detection module, and a local planner that were designed to deal with changes in the environment, providing some degree of self-reliance to the RW. We propose a planning strategy that can deal with low cluttered semi-structured environments. It comprises a global planner that provides a global path to reach a pre-de ned goal, and a local planner that intervenes when changes in the environment are detected. We propose a modi ed VFH that is carried out in three stages: steering, path-planning and blending. Unlike the approaches proposed by [Borenstein 1991, Ulrich 2000], our proposal builds a polar histogram directly from laser scan information. Additionally, our approach is also able to blend global and local paths. A Markov localization approach is also proposed. It was designed to fuse odometry with a new polar scan matching algorithm, composed by three main stages: scan preprocessing, virtual scan, and matching. The proposed matching algorithm uses the sample Pearson correlation coe cient to evaluate the similarities between current and virtual scans. The correlation factor is determined on polar coordinate space, leading to a reduction of computational complexity of this algorithm. We also propose an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to fuse the odometric data with the data from magnetic markers that are detected with a 3D algorithm. The latter is based on the Least Squares Fitting (LSF) of the measurement data with the 3D model of the vertical magnetic eld. The collaborative controller is also adaptive to the user's skillfulness in steering the assisted RW. To perform user characterization, we propose an Assistive Navigation training Framework (ANTF) that is able to characterize users, by sorting them into three di erent steering levels: beginner, average, and advanced. The ANTF is also intended for training users with disabilities to steer the RW. Experimental results using RobChair, the RW platform developed at ISR-UC [Pires 2002, Lopes 2007] are here presented, showing the e ectiveness of the proposed methodologies. The prototype was validated with ten able-bodied participants, and one disabled participant, in two di erent scenarios: a structured known environment, and a structured unknown environment with moving objects. Overall results have shown that all participants were able to successfully operate the device, showing a high level of robustness of both the BCI system and the navigation system.
Esta tese apresenta um sistema de navega c~ao assistida (ANS) para uma cadeira de rodas robotizada (RW) que se suporta numa interface homem-m aquina (HMI) que providencia comandos esparsos e discretos, mais precisamente um interface c erebro-computador (BCI) baseado em P300, ou, em alternativa, um sistema interruptor/ multi-interruptores com uma interface de varrimento que permite a sele c~ao de comandos para navegar uma RW. A ANS proposta destina-se a pessoas com de ci^encias motoras graves que n~ao s~ao capazes de operar a maioria das HMIs comerciais. A ANS e baseada numa abordagem de controlo colaborativo de duas camadas que considera as informa c~oes provenientes do homem e da m aquina. O controlador colaborativo proposto est a em conformidade com quatro requisitos de conce c~ao essenciais: di alogo, consci^encia, auto-su ci^encia, e capacidade de adapta c~ao. A escolha da BCI baseada em P300, a qual nos oferece um canal de comunica c~ao que e completamente independente de qualquer exig^encia de controlo motor, apresenta-se como uma boa escolha para utilizadores com de ci^encias motoras graves. No entanto, devido as baixas taxas de transfer^ encia do sistema BCI baseado em P300, o utilizador s o e capaz de emitir comandos esparsos e discretos ao longo do tempo. Neste sentido, para efetivamente usar tal HMI, prop~oe-se um ANS capaz de prever e executar as inten c~oes do utilizador, tendo por base informa c~oes m nimas. Esta quest~ao est a diretamente relacionada com dois requisitos de conce c~ao: consci^encia e auto-su ci^encia, o que signi ca que a RW deve ser capaz de identi car claramente as situa c~oes onde a ajuda e necess aria, e pedi-la nesses casos. Al em disso, uma vez que os utilizadores s o s~ao capazes de emitir informa c~os esparsas ao longo do tempo, o rob^o deve ser auto-su ciente e capaz de lidar com mudan cas din^amicas no ambiente, sem necessidade de qualquer ajuda, ou caso esta seja necess aria, ser capaz de lidar com informa c~oes n~ao con aveis e com atrasos. O ANS inclui um sistema de localiza c~ao, um m odulo de detec c~ao de obst aculos, e um planeador local, que foram projetados para lidar com as mudan cas do ambiente, e providenciam um certo grau de auto-su ci^encia a RW. N os propomos uma estrat egia de planeamento que e capaz de lidar com ambientes semi-estruturados pouco congestionados. A abordagem de planeamento e composta por um planeador local, que fornece um caminho global para atingir uma meta pr e-de nida, e num planeador local que interv em sempre que se detetam mudan cas no ambiente. Como planeador local propusemos um VFH modi cado que e realizado em tr^es etapas: dire c~ao, planeador de caminho e fus~ao. Ao contr ario das abordagens propostas por [Borenstein 1991, Ulrich 2000], a nossa abordagem constr oi um histograma polar diretamente do varrimento do laser. Adicionalmente, a abordagem proposta tamb em e capaz de fundir caminhos globais e locais. Como abordagem de localiza c~ao prop~oe-se um algoritmo de Markov que se baseia na fus~ao da odometria com os dados provenientes de um novo algoritmo de correspond^encia de varrimentos em coordenadas polares. Este ultimo e realizado em tr^es fases: pr eprocessamento, varrimento virtual e correspond^encia. O algoritmo de correspond^encia proposto utiliza o coe ciente de correla c~ao de Pearson amostrado para avaliar as semelhan cas entre os varrimentos atuais e virtuais. O factor de correla c~ao e determinado no espa co de coordenadas polares, conduzindo a uma redu c~ao na complexidade computacional. Prop~oe-se ainda um ltro de Kalman extendido (EKF) para fundir os dados de odometria com os dados de marcadores magn eticos, os quais s~ao detetados com um algoritmo 3D. Este ultimo e baseado no m etodo de ajuste dos m nimos quadrados (LSF) dos dados de medi c~ao, com o modelo 3D do campo magn etico vertical. O controlador colaborativo e adapt avel a capacidade do utilizador em conduzir a RW. Para realizar a caracteriza c~ao do utilizador propomos uma plataforma de forma c~ao em navega c~ao assistida (ANTF), que e capaz de caracterizar os utilizadores, e classi c a-los em tr^es n veis de navega c~ao diferentes: principiante, m edio e avan cado. A ANTF tamb em e destinada ao treino de navega c~ao da RW de utilizadores com de ci^encia motora. Os resultados experimentais com a RobChair, a plataforma RW desenvolvida no ISRUC [Pires 2002, Lopes 2007] s~ao apresentados, demonstrando a e c acia das metodologias propostas. O prot otipo foi validado com 10 participantes sem de ci^encia, e um participante com de ci^encia motora grave, em dois cen arios distintos: um ambiente estruturado conhecido, e um ambiente estruturado desconhecido com obst aculos em movimento. O resultado global mostra que todos os participantes foram capazes de operar com ^exito o sistema, mostrando um elevado n vel de robustez do sistema BCI e do sistema de navega c~ao.
Souza, Floyd Wayne Bernard d'. „Development of a solution that allows integration of a collaborative robot onto an industrial AGV – AGV and GUI related aspects“. Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93504.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA Indústria 4.0 trouxe os sistemas inteligentes e autónomos, criando possíveis maneiras de automatizar processos que seriam pouco práticos ou monótonos para um ser humano. Esta dissertação tem como foco os robôs autónomos e a internet das coisas, os pilares principais desta ideia que se tornou numa realidade neste século. Os objetivos deste trabalho são criar uma interface ao robô colaborativo, estabelecer uma ligação com o AGV e criar um software de comandos. A razão para a realização deste trabalho é simples: ajudar trabalhadores no seu quotidiano, já que os trabalhos monótonos ou repetitivos podem causar lesões graves e gerar erros que podem prejudicar uma empresa na sua totalidade.Com a utilização de vários softwares como o Microsoft Visual Studio 2019, o Arduino IDE e o software utilizado para controlar o robô colaborativo, a solução era mais que possível e a interface elétrica tornou-se mais acessível, em que um Arduino mkr1000 foi o cérebro da operação, o robô colaborativo o braço e o AGV as pernas. A interface do robô manipulador e a ligação com o AGV foram realizadas através de um microcontrolador Arduino mkr1000 e com o software Arduino IDE. O motivo por se utilizar tal microcontrolador é devido à funcionalidade Wi-Fi que permite controlo remoto via internet. O software de comandos foi desenvolvido a partir do Microsoft Visual Studio 2019. O AGV é um ActiveOne da Active Space Automation e o robô colaborativo é um KR810 da Kassow Robots. Este trabalho gerou uma aplicação e uma possível solução para a automatização da operação de carga e descarga para ajudar indústrias a integrarem com maior facilidade a Fábrica do Futuro, graças a um simples microcontrolador.Apesar dos objetivos terem sido cumpridos e é possível ter um robô manipulador móvel, é muito provável existirem futuros trabalhos que ajudem a melhorar esta solução, de maneira a que esta seja mais interativa com os humanos e aprender a reconhecer objetos com um sistema de visão instalado.
The Industry 4.0 brought the smart and autonomous systems, creating possible ways to automate processes that would otherwise be unpractical or tedious for any human being. This dissertation will focus on autonomous robots and the internet of things, which are two of the main pillars of this idea that has become a reality in this century. The goals set for this work are to create an interface with the collaborative robot, guarantee the connection with the automated guided vehicle and create a graphical user interface. The reason for this project is simple: to aid workers on their day-to-day, since performing tedious tasks, like repetitive motions, can cause injuries and mistakes that can cost a company.With the aid of various software like the Microsoft Visual Studio 2019, the Arduino IDE and the software involved with the collaborative robot, the solution was more than possible and made easier to build the electronic part of the interface, where the Arduino mkr1000 served as the brain of the operation, the cobot as the arm and the automated guided vehicle the legs. The collaborative robot interface and the connection with the AGV were established with the mkr1000 microcontroller and the Arduino IDE. The motive for the utilization of the mkr1000 is due to the Wi-Fi compatibility, allowing for remote control via the internet. The graphical user interface was developed with the Microsoft Visual Studio 2019. The AGV is an ActiveOne from Active Space Automation and the cobot is the KR810 from Kassow Robots. This work created one application and a possible solution to the automated pick-and-place operation to help many industries easily integrate into the Factory of the Future with the utilization of a simple microcontroller.Although the work has performed on all tasks and it is possible to have a mobile manipulator, there can be possible improvements that can help make the solution more human friendly and learn to recognize objects with an incorporated vision system.
Perdigão, Jorge da Silva. „Collaborative-control-based Navigation of Mobile Human-Centered Robots“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40415.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleO envelhecimento da população nos países ocidentais tem pressionado a indústria de cuidados e de assistência a idosos a apresentar soluções e cientes para responder à crescente procura aos seus serviços. Isto leva a crer que a robótica será uma das soluções mais procuradas, ao aliviar a necessidade de apoio humano constante. Responder a esta procura é uma tarefa que deve começar a ser tida em conta agora. Esta dissertação é um trabalho na área da Robótica de assistência. Tem como principais objetivos a análise e a implementação prática de um sistema de navegação de assistência para a RobChair, uma cadeira de rodas inteligente desenvolvida no ISR-UC. É um estudo nas áreas de Navegação Autónoma, SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) e de Controlo Colaborativo. De ne como objetivo criar um sistema inteligente capaz de melhorar a mobilidade de doentes com graves disfunções motoras, melhorando a sua qualidade de vida. Começa por analisar o conceito de controlo colaborativo e o estado da arte em interação Humano-Robô. Analisa também soluções de SLAM sem odometria, mais concretamente o Hector SLAM, e de navegação autónoma. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de um Sistema de Navegação Assistiva (ANS), e particularmente um desenho para um Controlador Colaborativo. Esse sistema é implementado em ROS (Robot Operating System) e os seus módulos são explanados. São também apresentadas alterações no hardware da RobChair tendo em vista facilitar o seu uso enquanto robô experimental. O sistema foi testado experimentalmente, validando o funcionamento de alguns dos seus componentes. Estes resultados representam os primeiros passos na implementação do ANS completo na parte de navegação e perceção.
Population aging in western countries has been pressing the industry of elderly care and assistance to present more e cient solutions in order to meet the growing demand for its services. This suggests that robotics shall be one of the most sought solutions, relieving the constant necessary human support. Responding to this demand is a task that must be taken into consideration as soon as possible. This dissertation is a work on the eld of Assistive Robotics, whose main goals are the analysis and implementation of an assistive navigation system for RobChair, an intelligent wheelchair developed at ISR-UC. It is a study on the elds of Autonomous Navigation, SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and Collaborative Control. It de nes the objective of creating an intelligent system able to improve the mobility of patients with severe motor dysfunctions, improving their quality of living. It starts by analyzing the concept of Collaborative Control and the state of the art in Human-Robot interaction. It also analyzes the SLAM solutions without odometry, more speci cally, the Hector SLAM, and autonomous navigation. To attain the proposed objectives, this work presents an architecture for the Assistive Navigation System (ANS) and particularly a scheme for the Collaborative Controller. Such system is implemented in ROS and its modules explained in detail. It is also presented the modi cations performed in the RobChair hardware in order to facilitate its use as an experimental robot. The system was tested experimentally, validating the operation of some of its components. The results achieved represent the rst steps in implementing the complete ANS, considering the navigation and perception modules.
Ng, Luke. „Reinforcement Learning of Dynamic Collaborative Driving“. Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3716.
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