Zeitschriftenartikel: „Cognitive limitation“

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Houy, Nicolas. „Exclusion by cognitive limitation“. Economics Letters 90, Nr. 3 (März 2006): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.08.022.

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Leahy, Robert L. „Strategic Self-Limitation“. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 13, Nr. 4 (Januar 1999): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.13.4.275.

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Traditionally, cognitive therapy has viewed psychopathology as a consequence of dysfunctional information processing and maladaptive assumptions or imperatives. However, one may also view dysfunctional behavior and cognition as purposive and as setting desired limits on individual change. Change always implies some risk and uncertainty and individuals may manage this risk and uncertainty by creating barriers to change or to self-evaluation. The resistant patient is viewed as invested in avoiding evaluation of the self under “optimal” conditions by obscuring attributional processes regarding the self. Self-handicapping strategies of resistance include noncompliance with homework, personal attacks on the therapist, distancing and volatility in emotions, waiting for readiness to change, and insistence on hopelessness. Therapeutic interventions include direct identification of self-handicapping as a strategy, examining the negative implications of achieving goals, investment in self-idealization rather than self-acceptance, and experimentation with success.

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Stieger, Stefan, und Ulf-Dietrich Reips. „A limitation of the Cognitive Reflection Test: familiarity“. PeerJ 4 (06.09.2016): e2395. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2395.

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The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT; Frederick, 2005) is a frequently used measure of cognitive vs. intuitive reflection. It is also a frequently found entertaining ‘test’ on the Internet. In a large age-stratified community-based sample (N= 2,272), we analyzed the impact of having already performed the CRT or any similar task in the past. Indeed, we found that 44% of participants had experiences with these tasks, which was reflected in higher CRT scores (Cohen’sd= 0.41). Furthermore, experienced participants were different from naïve participants in regard to their socio-demographics (younger, higher educated, fewer siblings, more likely single or in a relationship than married, having no children). The best predictors of a high CRT score were the highest educational qualification (4.62% explained variance) followed by the experience with the task (3.06%). Therefore, we suggest using more recent multi-item CRTs with newer items and a more elaborated test construction.

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Diallo, Abdoulaye, Shawn P. Saladin, Darlene A. G. Groomes, Jerome Fischer und Sandra Hansmann. „Conceptualizing the Use of Cognitive Interventions Among Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Who Experience Depression“. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 44, Nr. 4 (01.12.2013): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.44.4.3.

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Depression can affect the lives of all persons and can have especially profound implications on those with cognitive limitations; however, depression need not be an insurmountable roadblock to employment for persons with intellectual disabilities. Cognitive interventions - such as life story approach, socio-cognitive, and rational emotive behavior therapy-can be effective for litigating problems with depression among those with cognitive limitation including employment-related barriers due to depression. This article reviews how counselors can use cognitive interventions' behavioral and cognitive components to assist those with intellectual disabilities with depression

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Cheng, Andy S. K., Lauren O. C. Lau, Yvonne N. H. Ma, Rain H. Ngai und Sanne S. L. Fong. „Impact of Cognitive and Psychological Symptoms on Work Productivity and Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors in Hong Kong“. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 28, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2016): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.11.002.

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Objective/Background Employed breast cancer survivors (BCS) may experience residual symptoms that can impact their work productivity and quality of life (QoL), but it is unclear whether such associations exist among BCS in Hong Kong. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the symptom burden (cognitive limitation and psychological distress) of employed BCS in HK, and to investigate whether such factors are related to work productivity and QoL. Methods A cross-sectional study including employed BCS (n = 30), women with musculoskeletal conditions (n = 30), and healthy women (n = 30) was conducted. Participants completed a questionnaire covering their sociodemographics, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cognitive Symptom Checklist, Work Limitation Questionnaire, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30. Results The self-perceived cognitive limitations at work of BCS were significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (5.33 vs. 2.60; p < .05). The cognitive limitations in BCS were significantly associated with their QoL (β = —0.320; p = .032). A negative relationship between depression and QoL in BCS was also observed in this study. Conclusion This exploratory study provides local evidence that BCS experience greater work-task related cognitive limitations and that is related to QoL. Similar to findings in other countries, this provides insight for the consideration of early identification of cognitive problems in this particular patient group. Further studies may be needed to further substantiate such findings and to examine the effectiveness of potential cognitive interventions.

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Fouts, Avery. „Divine Self-Limitation in Swinburne's Doctrine of Omniscience“. Religious Studies 29, Nr. 1 (März 1993): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500022010.

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In his book, The Coherence of Theism, Richard Swinburne seeks to construct a coherent doctrine of God. As a part of this endeavour he examines the idea of omniscience in chapter 10. One of Swinburne's conclusions is that God as an omniscient being must engage in cognitive self-limitation in order to preserve the freedom of both divine and human future actions. In this paper, I want to look at his argument as it is presented in this chapter. I will conclude that Swinburne's position on divine cognitive self-limitation results in an internal contradiction.

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Heath, Richard A., und Brett K. Hayes. „Why is capacity limited? Missing dynamics and developmental controversies“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1998): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98311760.

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The discovery of a quaternary complexity limitation to mature cognitive operations raises important theoretical issues. We propose that cognitive limitations arise naturally in a complex dynamic information processing system, and consider problems such as the distinction between parallel and serial processes and the representativeness of the empirical data base used by Halford et al. to support their relational complexity scheme.

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Zheng, Jiakun, Junyi Liu und Ruopeng An. „Functional limitation and cognitive impairment among 80+ year old Chinese“. Australasian Journal on Ageing 35, Nr. 4 (19.06.2016): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12341.

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Kuo, Wei-Yu, Tse-Chun Lin und Jing Zhao. „Cognitive Limitation and Investment Performance: Evidence from Limit Order Clustering“. Review of Financial Studies 28, Nr. 3 (06.09.2014): 838–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhu044.

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Santos-Álvarez, Valle, und Teresa García Merino. „The Export Decision and the Cognitive Limitation of the Managers“. Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 07, Nr. 02 (Juni 2008): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021964920800197x.

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The object of this research is to present a theoretical model about the process of management perception of the factors which intervene in the export decision (strategic interest and accessibility to overseas markets). With that aim, the phases which constitute the perception process are identified — the selection of stimuli and interpretation — and the associated bias. Specifically, we identify two: bias by omission and bias by imprecise meaning. The use of different sources of information as well as the influence of the network of relations of the management allows us to investigate thoroughly the filters through which the informative stimuli pass which converge in the decision to export.

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Switzky, Harvey N. „The Plight of Adults With Mild Cognitive Limitation: Still Forgotten?“ Contemporary Psychology 48, Nr. 3 (Juni 2003): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000821.

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Grüter, Christoph, und Francis L. W. Ratnieks. „Flower constancy in insect pollinators: Adaptive foraging behaviour or cognitive limitation?“ Communicative & Integrative Biology 4, Nr. 6 (November 2011): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cib.16972.

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Patel, Aaqib, Mohammed Zafar Ali Khan, S. N. Merchant, U. B. Desai und Lajos Hanzo. „Achievable Rates of Underlay-Based Cognitive Radio Operating Under Rate Limitation“. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65, Nr. 9 (September 2016): 7149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2496277.

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Hazuda, Helen P., Robert C. Wood, Michael J. Lichtenstein und David V. Espino. „Sociocultural Status, Psychosocial Factors, and Cognitive Functional Limitation in Elderly Mexican Americans“. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 30, Nr. 1-2 (30.12.1998): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j083v30n01_07.

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Lee, Yunhwan, Jin Hee Kim, Kyung Jong Lee, Geunshik Han und Jeong Lim Kim. „Association of cognitive status with functional limitation and disability in older adults“. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 17, Nr. 1 (Februar 2005): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03337716.

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Jin, Xurui, Wanying He, Yan Zhang, Enying Gong, Zhangming Niu, John Ji, Yaxi Li, Yi Zeng und Lijing L. Yan. „Association of APOE ε4 genotype and lifestyle with cognitive function among Chinese adults aged 80 years and older: A cross-sectional study“. PLOS Medicine 18, Nr. 6 (01.06.2021): e1003597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003597.

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Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is the single most important genetic risk factor for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease (AD), while lifestyle factors such as smoking, drinking, diet, and physical activity also have impact on cognition. The goal of the study is to investigate whether the association between lifestyle and cognition varies by APOE genotype among the oldest old. Methods and findings We used the cross-sectional data including 6,160 oldest old (aged 80 years old or older) from the genetic substudy of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) which is a national wide cohort study that began in 1998 with follow-up surveys every 2–3 years. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score less than 18. Healthy lifestyle profile was classified into 3 groups by a composite measure including smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary pattern, physical activity, and body weight. APOE genotype was categorized as APOE ε4 carriers versus noncarriers. We examined the associations of cognitive impairment with lifestyle profile and APOE genotype using multivariable logistic regressions, controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, residence, disability, and numbers of chronic conditions. The mean age of our study sample was 90.1 (standard deviation [SD], 7.2) years (range 80–113); 57.6% were women, and 17.5% were APOE ε4 carriers. The mean MMSE score was 21.4 (SD: 9.2), and 25.0% had cognitive impairment. Compared with those with an unhealthy lifestyle, participants with intermediate and healthy lifestyle profiles were associated with 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16%–38%, P < 0.001) and 55% (95% CI: 44%–64%, P < 0.001) lower adjusted odds of cognitive impairment. Carrying the APOE ε4 allele was associated with 17% higher odds (95% CI: 1%–31%, P = 0.042) of being cognitively impaired in the adjusted model. The association between lifestyle profiles and cognitive function did not vary significantly by APOE ε4 genotype (noncarriers: 0.47 [0.37–0.60] healthy versus unhealthy; carriers: 0.33 [0.18–0.58], P for interaction = 0.30). The main limitation was the lifestyle measurements were self-reported and were nonspecific. Generalizability of the findings is another limitation because the study sample was from the oldest old in China, with unique characteristics such as low body weight compared to populations in high-income countries. Conclusions In this study, we observed that healthier lifestyle was associated with better cognitive function among the oldest old regardless of APOE genotype. Our findings may inform the cognitive outlook for those oldest old with high genetic risk of cognitive impairment.

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Tepper, Robert J., und Steven A. Yourstone. „Beyond ACT & GPA: self-efficacy as a non-cognitive predictor of academic success“. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 26, Nr. 1 (05.03.2018): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-05-2017-0060.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify significant non-cognitive variables as predictors of student success in an introductory accounting class. Design/methodology/approach Non-cognitive characteristics of the students were obtained by surveying two sections of an introductory accounting class. Survey results were combined with student performance in the class. Regression analysis was applied to determine the significant predictors of academic success. Findings Findings show that students with similar ACT scores and GPA may outperform others owing to the effect of certain non-cognitive variables pertaining to self-efficacy. These included the individual’s perceived skill level, tendency to become discouraged and expected performance relative to others. Research limitations/implications One research limitation is the lack of a pre- and post-test to measure any interventions. No interventions are part of this research study, but this limitation provides a strong suggestion for future research. Also, larger sample sizes might lead to different results. Practical implications Cognitive ability is the intellectual capability that enables one to acquire, memorize, recall, combine, compare and use information and conceptual skills in new frameworks (Cronbach, 1984; Jensen, 1998). Standardized tests measure cognitive variables (Sedlacek, 2011). Research demonstrates that cognitive ability alone will not provide the best predictive model of performance (Hall et al., 2006). This study of certain non-cognitive variables improves instructor understanding of student success, increases predictive ability and informs teaching methods and interventions. Originality/value This study differs from previous research by adding to and enhancing the currently small and limited body of literature. While other studies have identified largely cognitive factors that relate to success in the introductory accounting course (Phillips, 2015), this study identifies significant non-cognitive variables relating to self-efficacy that can help accounting educators better understand student performance in introductory undergraduate financial accounting courses.

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Parra, Mario Alfredo. „Overcoming barriers in cognitive assessment of Alzheimer's disease“. Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 2014): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn82000002.

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ABSTRACT Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires a reliable neuropsychological assessment, but major barriers are still encountered when such tests are used across cultures and during the lifespan. This is particularly problematic in developing countries where most of the available assessment tools have been adapted from developed countries. This represents a major limitation as these tests, although properly translated, may not embody the wealth of challenges that a particular culture poses on cognition. This paper centers on two shortcomings of available cognitive tests for AD, namely, their sensitivity to the educational background and to the age of the individual assessed.

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Iveson, Matthew H., Chris Dibben und Ian J. Deary. „Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life“. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies 11, Nr. 2 (01.04.2020): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175795919x15762565000695.

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Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

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Koski, Lisa, Haiqun Xie und Susanna Konsztowicz. „Improving precision in the quantification of cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination“. International Psychogeriatrics 23, Nr. 7 (01.02.2011): 1107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210002450.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) can be used to quantify cognitive ability in older persons undergoing screening for cognitive impairment. Although highly sensitive in detecting mild cognitive impairment, its measurement precision is weakest among persons with milder forms of impairment. We sought to overcome this limitation by integrating information from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) into the calculation of cognitive ability.Methods: Data from 185 geriatric outpatients screened for cognitive impairment with the MoCA and the MMSE were Rasch analyzed to evaluate the extent to which the MMSE items improved measurement precision in the upper ability ranges of the population.Results: Adding information from the MMSE resulted in a 13.8% (13.3–14.3%) reduction in measurement error, with significant improvements in all quartiles of patient ability. The addition of three-word repetition and recall, copy pentagons, repeat sentence, and write sentence improved measurement of cognition in the upper levels of ability.Conclusions: The algorithm presented here maximizes the yield of available clinical data while improving measurement of cognitive ability, which is particularly important for tracking changes over time in patients with milder levels of impairment.

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Brennan, Timothy J. „The Rise of Behavioral Economics in Regulatory Policy: Rational Choice or Cognitive Limitation?“ International Journal of the Economics of Business 25, Nr. 1 (02.01.2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2017.1390833.

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Park, Hyun-Kyung, und Hyunjong Song. „Limitation of IADL and cognitive function decline in old people living in community“. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion 34, Nr. 5 (31.12.2017): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14367/kjhep.2017.34.5.61.

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Green, Michael W., Nicola A. Elliman und Peter J. Rogers. „Impaired cognitive processing in dieters: Failure of attention focus or resource capacity limitation?“ British Journal of Health Psychology 2, Nr. 3 (September 1997): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.1997.tb00540.x.

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Hills, Peter J., und Michael B. Lewis. „Temporal Limitation of Navon Effect on Face Recognition“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, Nr. 2 (April 2007): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.2.501-509.

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Chen, Zhong, und Tingting Yao. „The Cognitive Paradigm of Jingshen“. Chinese Semiotic Studies 16, Nr. 4 (25.11.2020): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2020-0029.

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AbstractAt present, semiotic studies at home and abroad generally attach importance to the interpretation of symbols themselves, while the efforts in researching on the cognitive subject of symbols needs to be intensified and more attention should be paid to the process of symbolic activities. Cultural semiotics of jingshen attempts to construct a brand-new cognitive paradigm, not only to interpret the meaning of symbols, but also to develop the study of the relationship between the subject and the object in symbolic activities. In fact, the process of symbolic activities has been constantly emphasized in traditional Chinese culture. Although for an individual “the known” is infinite and “the knowable” is finite, the limitation of “the knowable” can be overcome through “self-cultivation.” The Chinese sages raised the concept of the “unity of three-tiered self-cultivation,” namely “unity of the mind and the body,” “unity of the mind and the objective world,” and “unity of apriorism and empiricism.” From the perspective of the cognitive paradigm, this concept gives due attention to the process of symbolic activities by emphasizing the effect of the cultivation of the cognitive subject on symbolic cognition and interpretation. The unity of the “three-tiered self-cultivation” of the cognitive subject can promote the development of a cultural semiotics of jingshen to construct an ideal cognitive paradigm in pursuing jingshen freedom and liberating symbolic meaning.

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Shaddock, Justin B. „Kant’s Transcendental Idealism and his Transcendental Deduction“. Kantian Review 20, Nr. 2 (30.06.2015): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415415000047.

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AbstractI argue for a novel, non-subjectivist interpretation of Kant’s transcendental idealism. Kant’s idealism is often interpreted as specifying how we must experience objects or how objects must appear to us. I argue to the contrary by appealing to Kant’s Transcendental Deduction. Kant’s Deduction is the proof that the categories are not merely subjectively necessary conditions we need for our cognition, but objectively valid conditions necessary for objects to be appearances. My interpretation centres on two claims. First, Kant’s method of self-knowledge consists in his determining what makes our cognitive faculty finite in contrast to God’s infinite cognitive faculty. Second, Kant’s limitation of our knowledge to appearances consists in his developing an account according to which appearances and our finite cognitive faculty are conceived of in terms of each other and in contrast to noumena in the positive sense and God’s infinite cognitive faculty.

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Daller, Michael, und Zehra Ongun. „The Threshold Hypothesis revisited: Bilingual lexical knowledge and non-verbal IQ development“. International Journal of Bilingualism 22, Nr. 6 (17.02.2017): 675–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917690835.

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Aims and objectives: The threshold hypothesis is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks on the relation between bilingualism and cognition. This hypothesis suggests a bilingual cognitive disadvantage at a low proficiency level and a cognitive advantage at a high proficiency level in both languages. The aim of our study is to contribute to the operationalisation of the threshold hypothesis by analysing parental support for L1 and its influence on the cognitive development of bilingual children. Data and analysis: We analyse data from 100 Turkish–English successive bilingual children and from their parents, and investigate the relation between bilingualism and cognition. The data from the children are scores on receptive and productive vocabulary tests and a non-verbal intelligence test (Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices). In addition, the parents filled in a questionnaire on language use at home and a questionnaire on language dominance. Findings and conclusions: Our study shows a bilingual advantage for those children whose parents use more L1 at home and have higher dominance scores for L1. These children outperform the monolingual control groups in our study in terms of non-verbal intelligence scores. Originality: The originality of the present study resides in the fact that, to our knowledge, for the first time parental support for L1 and dominance in L1 is linked to the cognitive development of the children. Significance and implications: In this way, we can operationalise the threshold hypothesis and get further insights in the relation between bilingualism and cognition. This will allow informed decisions on the use and support for L1 in bilingual families. Limitations: One limitation of the present study is the fact that our sample is only from middle-class families, and conclusions about other bilingual settings are therefore limited.

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Chen, Zhong, und Tingting Yao. „Chuang Tzu’s selflessness: mind-state and the cultural semiotics of jingshen“. Chinese Semiotic Studies 17, Nr. 3 (01.08.2021): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2021-2004.

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Abstract The cognitive paradigm of symbols in ancient Chinese philosophy is quite distinct from that of Western semiotic circles. Chuang Tzu, one of the most influential ancient Chinese philosophers, concentrates his study on exploring the state of the subject’s selflessness and establishes his own cognitive paradigm of jingshen. This paper uses his statements of “I lost myself” and “The Perfect Man uses his mind like a mirror” in The adjustment of controversies of The Chuang Tzu, to investigate the ideal selfless mind-state and selflessness. It attempts to transfer the relationship between subject and object in symbolic cognition into the connection of intersubjectivity to construct jingshen’s cognitive paradigm of releasing symbolic meaning. The task of this research is to overcome the limitation created by the subject–object relation and finally to be “the Perfect Man” who can know the Dao.

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Fogel, Barry S. „The High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen“. International Psychogeriatrics 3, Nr. 2 (Dezember 1991): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610291000728.

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Ceiling effects limit the utility of many established brief cognitive screening tests for detecting and measuring mild delirious states and prodromal disorders. The High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen (HSCS) (Faust & Fogel, 1989), a bedside test taking approximately 25 minutes to administer, may overcome this limitation. The test consists of a selection of moderately difficult items testing six major domains of neuropsychological performance: memory, language, attention/concentration, visual/motor, spatial, and self-regulation and planning. Reliability is adequate, and two separate concurrent validity studies show accuracy rates of 93% and 87% in classifying the overall result of comprehensive neuropsychological testing. HSCS performance is highly correlated with EEG results in medical psychiatric inpatients, and with functional status in HIV-infected community-dwelling subjects. The brevity and convenience of the HSCS and related instruments make them particularly useful in studies of elderly and chronically ill subjects.

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Watanabe, Kei, und Shintaro Funahashi. „Neural mechanisms of dual-task interference and cognitive capacity limitation in the prefrontal cortex“. Nature Neuroscience 17, Nr. 4 (02.03.2014): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.3667.

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Lee, Yura, Youngjoo Cho und Hyunkyoung Oh. „MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS AND RISK OF DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1156.

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Abstract This study explores the relationship between the presence of multiple chronic condition and risk of dementia and cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) among older Americans. The study sample included 617 participants aged 70 years and older from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS). An expert consensus panel of the ADAMS data provided each participant a cognitive diagnosis into 1) no cognitive impairment, 2) CIND, or 3) dementia. The presence of multiple chronic condition was defined as having three or more chronic conditions in this study (e.g., heart attack, stroke, respiratory problems, cancer, hypertension, diabetes). Functional limitation, depression, cognitive activity engagement, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and sociodemographic characteristics were included as covariates. A multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who have multiple chronic conditions have increased odds of being diagnosed with CIND versus no cognitive impairment controlling for other covariates. However, multiple chronic condition was not associated with increased risk of being diagnosed with dementia versus no cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The finding suggests that the presence of multiple chronic conditions may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in later life. However, further investigation using a longitudinal design is needed to better understand the relationship between cognition and multiple chronic conditions.

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Aguiar, Elizabeth Souza Silva de, Maria Júlia Guimarães Oliveira Soares, Maria Helena Larcher Caliri, Marta Mirian Lopes Costa und Simone Helena dos Santos Oliveira. „Assessment of functional capacity of the elderly associated with the risk for pressure ulcer“. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 25, spe1 (2012): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002012000800015.

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OBJECTIVE: To characterize the elderly with physical limitations; to assess functional capacity as it relates to physical mobility, cognitive status and level of functional independence in activities of daily living, and to relate functional capacity to the risk for pressure ulcers. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional approach, conducted in households in the city of João Pessoa (PB) with seniors who presented physical limitation. Fifty-one elderly were investigated in a two-stage cluster sampling design. RESULTS: There was evidence of impairments in functional capacity of the elderly aged 80 years or more, with more severe physical limitations, cognitive impairment and a higher level of dependency for activities. Significant differences were observed between the level of functional independence in performing activities of daily living and the risk of pressure ulcers. CONCLUSION: This study allowed for the identification of the elderly in functional decline and at risk for developing pressure ulcers, supporting the implementation of preventive actions at the household level.

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Coleman, Jaumeiko J., Tobi Frymark, Nicole M. Franceschini und Deborah G. Theodoros. „Assessment and Treatment of Cognition and Communication Skills in Adults With Acquired Brain Injury via Telepractice: A Systematic Review“. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 24, Nr. 2 (Mai 2015): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0028.

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PurposeThis is a systematic review of assessment and treatment of cognitive and communicative abilities of individuals with acquired brain injury via telepractice versus in person. The a priori clinical questions were informed by previous research that highlights the importance of considering any functional implications of outcomes, determining disorder- and setting-specific concerns, and measuring the potential impact of diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy data on interpretation of findings.MethodA literature search of multiple databases (e.g., PubMed) was conducted using key words and study inclusion criteria associated with the clinical questions.ResultsTen group studies were accepted that addressed assessment of motor speech, language, and cognitive impairments; assessment of motor speech and language activity limitations/participation restrictions; and treatment of cognitive impairments and activity limitations/participation restrictions. In most cases, equivalence of outcomes was noted across service delivery methods.ConclusionsLimited findings, lack of diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy data, and heterogeneity of assessments and interventions precluded robust evaluation of clinical implications for telepractice equivalence and the broader area of telepractice efficacy. Future research is needed that will build upon current knowledge through replication. In addition, further evaluation at the impairment and activity limitation/participation restriction levels is needed.

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Polyakov, Maxim, Igor Khanin, Gennadiy Shevchenko und Vladimir Bilozubenko. „Data mining as a cognitive tool: Capabilities and limits“. Knowledge and Performance Management 5, Nr. 1 (08.07.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/kpm.05(1).2021.01.

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Due to the large volumes of empirical digitized data, a critical challenge is to identify their hidden and unobvious patterns, enabling to gain new knowledge. To make efficient use of data mining (DM) methods, it is required to know its capabilities and limits of application as a cognitive tool. The paper aims to specify the capabilities and limits of DM methods within the methodology of scientific cognition. This will enhance the efficiency of these DM methods for experts in this field as well as for professionals in other fields who analyze empirical data. It was proposed to supplement the existing classification of cognitive levels by the level of empirical regularity (ER) or provisional hypothesis. If ER is generated using DM software algorithm, it can be called the man-machine hypothesis. Thereby, the place of DM in the classification of the levels of empirical cognition was determined. The paper drawn up the scheme illustrating the relationship between the cognitive levels, which supplements the well-known schemes of their classification, demonstrates maximum capabilities of DM methods, and also shows the possibility of a transition from practice to the scientific method through the generation of ER, and further from ER to hypotheses, and from hypotheses to the scientific method. In terms of the methodology of scientific cognition, the most critical fact was established – the limitation of any DM methods is the level of ER. As a result of applying any software developed based on DM methods, the level of cognition achieved represents the ER level.

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Huang, Weidong, Peter Eades und Seok-Hee Hong. „Measuring Effectiveness of Graph Visualizations: A Cognitive Load Perspective“. Information Visualization 8, Nr. 3 (25.01.2009): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ivs.2009.10.

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Graph visualizations are typically evaluated by comparing their differences in effectiveness, measured by task performance such as response time and accuracy. Such performance-based measures have proved to be useful in their own right. There are some situations, however, where the performance measures alone may not be sensitive enough to detect differences. This limitation can be seen from the fact that the graph viewer may achieve the same level of performance by devoting different amounts of cognitive effort. In addition, it is not often that individual performance measures are consistently in favor of a particular visualization. This makes design and evaluation difficult in choosing one visualization over another. In an attempt to overcome the above-mentioned limitations, we measure the effectiveness of graph visualizations from a cognitive load perspective. Human memory as an information processing system and recent results from cognitive load research are reviewed first. The construct of cognitive load in the context of graph visualization is proposed and discussed. A model of user task performance, mental effort and cognitive load is proposed thereafter to further reveal the interacting relations between these three concepts. A cognitive load measure called mental effort is introduced and this measure is further combined with traditional performance measures into a single multi-dimensional measure called visualization efficiency. The proposed model and measurements are tested in a user study for validity. Implications of the cognitive load considerations in graph visualization are discussed.

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Blackwell, Arshavir, und Elizabeth Bates. „Inducing Agrammatic Profiles in Normals: Evidence for the Selective Vulnerability of Morphology under Cognitive Resource Limitation“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, Nr. 2 (April 1995): 228–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.228.

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The selective vulnerability of morphology in agrammatic aphasia is often interpreted as evidence that closedclass items reside in a particular part of the brain (i.e., Broca's area); thus, damage to a part of the language processor maps onto behavior in a transparent fashion. We propose that the selective vulnerability of grammatical morphemes in receptive processing may be the result of decrements in overall processing capacity, and not the result of a selective lesion. We demonstrate agrammatic profiles in healthy adults who have their processing capacity diminished by engaging in a secondary task during testing. Our results suggest that this selective profile does not necessarily indicate the existence of a distinct subsystem specialized for the implicated aspects of syntax, but rather may be due to the vulnerability of these forms in the face of global resource diminution, at least in grammaticality judgment.

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Frith, Emily, und Paul D. Loprinzi. „15-Year Secular Trends in Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in the United States“. Psychological Reports 122, Nr. 3 (22.03.2018): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118765227.

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Cognitive impairment is associated with various chronic diseases, including mobility limitation and early mortality. Thus, evaluating changes in cognition is of paramount public health interest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate secular trends in cognitive function among a representative sample of the U.S. older adult population. Data from the 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2011–2012, and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized to identify an aggregate sample of adults 60+ years of age. The sample size across the four respective cycles was 1417, 1558, 1422, and 1592. Three cognitive assessments were employed, including the CERAD Word Learning subset (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease), the Animal Fluency test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). For the entire sample and several subpopulations, DSST scores increased from 1999 to 2012 and then decreased in the 2013 to 2014 cycle. For all CERAD trials, there was evidence of increased CERAD performance from 2011–2012 to 2013–2014. No secular trends were observed for the Animal Fluency task across these cycles. Select cognitive parameters appear to be improving among U.S. older adults. Future work is needed to further explore secular trends in cognitive sustainability, and, as evidenced by our present study, cognitive enrichment over time.

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Comer-HaGans, DeLawnia, Shamly Austin, Zo Ramamonjiarivelo und Alicia K. Matthews. „Diabetes Standard of Care Among Individuals Who Have Diabetes With and Without Cognitive Limitation Disabilities“. Diabetes Educator 46, Nr. 1 (24.12.2019): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721719896262.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine diabetes standard of care among individuals who have diabetes with and without cognitive limitation disabilities (CLDs). Individuals with CLDs are more likely to develop diabetes and less likely to participate in diabetes standard of care services compared to those without CLDs. Methods We used pooled cross-sectional data (2011-2016) from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (HC-MEPS). Dependent variables were utilization of dilated eye exams, foot checks, A1C blood tests, and engagement in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week. Our independent variable was diabetes with CLDs vs diabetes without CLDs. We controlled for predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Results Findings suggest that individuals with diabetes and CLDs were less likely to engage in moderate or vigorous physical exercise 5 times per week compared to individuals without CLDs. For other diabetes care services, individuals with CLDs are as likely to participate in health services utilization as those without CLDs. Conclusions Our study supports research that indicates individuals with diabetes and CLDs were less likely to participate in physical exercise compared to individuals without CLDs. Conversely, individuals with diabetes and CLDs were just as likely to receive a dilated eye exam, have their feet checked, and have their A1C checked as individuals without CLDs, which is a very encouraging finding.

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Barata, Paula Irina, Monica Steluta Marc, Emanuela Tudorache, Mirela Frandes, Alexandru Florian Crisan, Dana Cristina Olar und Cristian Oancea. „Self‐reported sleep disturbance and mild cognitive impairment in COPD patients with severe airflow limitation“. Clinical Respiratory Journal 15, Nr. 7 (25.03.2021): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/crj.13366.

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Kulkosky, Paul J. „Brain-gut neuropeptides and the limitation of ethanol consumption“. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 9, Nr. 2 (1985): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-7634(85)90044-2.

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Liao, Hsiao-Wen, Yochai Z. Shavit und Laura L. Carstensen. „SELECTIVE NARROWING OF PERIPHERAL SOCIAL NETWORKS PREDICTS POOR LONG-TERM COGNITION IN OLD AGE“. Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S174—S175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.621.

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Abstract Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that emotionally meaningful goals such as spending precious time with close family and friends are prioritized in late life as a function of limited future time horizons. Research documents that older individuals include a smaller proportion of peripheral social partners than younger individuals in their social networks, and that this selectivity is associated with better daily emotional experience (English & Carstensen, 2014). Such limitation of social partners, however, might adversely affect cognitive function in the long run, since exposure to novel and cognitively stimulating environments has been tied to better cognitive functioning (Park et al., 2014). The current study examined the long-term association between proportions of peripheral social partners in older adults’ social networks and cognitive performance. Sixty-one older participants (Mage = 71.53) reported the size of their inner, middle, and outer social circles using the Social Convoy Questionnaire (Kahn & Antonucci, 1980) and completed Digit Span Backward, Digit Span Forward, and Digit Symbol tasks at baseline and five years later. Results of multiple regression analysis show that participants who had a smaller proportion of social partners in their outer social circle at baseline performed poorer on the Backward Span task assessed five years later than those with a larger outer circle proportion. Results hold controlling baseline cognition, physical health, age, SES, education, and trait openness. We discuss the findings in terms of potential tradeoffs between the age-related social selection and working memory in the long run.

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Kaszuba-Chęcińska, Anna, Radosław Chęciński, Piotr Gajewski und Jerzy Łopatka. „Cognitive Radio MANET Waveform Design and Evaluation“. Sensors 21, Nr. 4 (04.02.2021): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041052.

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The problem of waveform construction for mobile ad hoc networks with cognitive radio (MANET-CR) is discussed. This is the main limitation to widely use this very attractive technique, which does not need the deployment of expensive communication infrastructure. Two main questions correspond to MANET-CR effectiveness: spectrum sensing and spectrum sharing. The paper presents the structure of CR nodes that enables Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing. Procedures for advanced Dynamic Spectrum Management together with the concept of policy-based radio and a sensing method are presented. In the proposed system, the basic policy is to avoid interference generated by other users or jammers. The experiments were performed in a real environment, using the elaborated testbed. The results show that the use of sensing and cognitive management mechanisms enable more efficient use of the spectrum while maintaining reasonable overhead values related to the management procedures.

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Kobayashi, Lindsay, Meagan Farrell, Kenneth Langa, Nomsa Mahlahela, Ryan Wagner und Lisa Berkman. „Incident Cognitive Impairment During Aging in Rural South Africa: Evidence From the HAALSI Cohort, 2014 to 2019“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.511.

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Abstract We estimated the incidence of cognitive impairment and its key sociodemographic, social, and health-related predictors at the first longitudinal follow-up of the population-representative “Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa” (HAALSI) cohort of adults aged ≥40 in rural Agincourt, South Africa. Cognitive impairment was defined as scoring ≥1.5 SD below the baseline mean composite time orientation and episodic memory score, or requiring a proxy interview with “fair” or “poor” proxy-reported memory. Activity of daily living (ADL) limitations were compared according to incident cognitive impairment status. Incidence rates (IRs) and rate ratios (IRRs) for cognitive impairment according to sociodemographic, social, and health-related predictors were estimated using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, and weighted to account for mortality. Over a 3.7-year mean follow-up, 309/3,861 at-risk participants newly developed cognitive impairment (IR=24.0/1000 person-years (PY); 95% CI: 21.6-26.8). Incidence increased from IR=9.1/1000 PY (95% CI: 5.5-16.1) among those aged 40-44 at baseline to IR=76.5/1000 PY (95% CI: 63.2-93.4) among those aged 80+. At least one ADL limitation was prevalent in 39% of those with incident cognitive impairment, compared to 7% of non-impaired participants. Incident cognitive impairment did not vary by sex/gender, HIV status, or cardiovascular factors, but was strongly graded according to education, literacy, household assets, employment, marital status, and frequency of alcohol consumption. This study presents one of the first incidence rate estimates for cognitive impairment in sub-Saharan Africa. Social disparities in cognitive impairment were apparent in patterns similar to many high-income countries.

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Mpofu, Elias, Kenneth R. Thomas und Fong Chan. „Cognitive-behavioural Therapies: Research and Applications in Counselling People with Physical Disabilities“. Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 2, Nr. 2 (1996): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132389220000171x.

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The main principles and practices of cognitive-behavioural therapies are briefly outlined and discussed in terms of their relevance to counselling individuals with physical disabilities. The cognitive-behavioural therapies of Beck, Ellis, and Nezu to counselling persons with physical disabilities are specifically presented. A case study involving the application of cognitive-behavioural therapies to counselling a person with severe facial and hand burn injuries is also presented. The view is advanced that although cognitive-behavioural therapies have considerable potential in counselling of persons with physical disabilities, lack of conceptual clarity of some central constructs in cognitive-behavioral therapy is a limitation to practice in rehabilitation settings. The paucity of controlled research studies in this area of study is noted, and suggestions are offered for further research.

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Seol, Inshik, Joseph Sarkis und Zhihong (Rita) Wang. „A cross-cultural comparative study of internal auditor skills: UK vs Korea“. Journal of Applied Accounting Research 18, Nr. 3 (11.09.2017): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-09-2014-0100.

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Purpose Based on the theoretical development by House et al. (2004), the purpose of this paper is to investigate the cross-cultural differences of internal auditors’ perceptions on the importance of internal auditor skills. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a survey based on the competency framework for internal auditing and collected data from the UK (Anglo cultural cluster) and Korea (Confucian cultural cluster). In total, 231 internal auditors participated in the study. Findings The results showed that UK auditors perceived behavioral skills as more important than cognitive skills, while Korean auditors had an opposite perception. Not surprisingly, UK auditors rated each sub-category of behavioral skills higher than Korean auditors; Korean auditors gave higher scores than UK auditors for each sub-category of cognitive skills. Research limitations/implications One limitation of the study is that two different data collection methods were used for the study: online for the UK and paper-based for Korean auditors. Another limitation of the study is that the authors did not analyze the possible impact of each participating auditor’s background knowledge. Practical implications The findings of the study contributes to professional practice by providing culturally adaptive criteria for regulators’ policy-making, organizations’ employee hiring and training, and educators’ curriculum design across various cultural environments. Originality/value The findings of the study can provide some insights on cultural impacts to help academic researchers develop models regarding the internal auditor selection and training in different nations.

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S, Park, Giles A, Liberatore M, Morgan K, Debruhl C, Cramer C, Strowd R et al. „A-094 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Status and Cognition in Glioma Patients“. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, Nr. 6 (28.08.2020): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.094.

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Abstract Objective In gliomas, isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype (IDH-wt) is associated with poorer prognosis and is correlated with lower brain connectivity, implicating cognitive impairment. Little is known about the impact of IDH-wt on cognition. This study aimed to explore the relationship between IDH-wt and cognition. Method Thirty-eight patients (Age M = 48.73 ± 14.98; 50% female) diagnosed with a glioma (29% grade II, 16% grade III, 21% grade IV; Karnofsky Performance Status score (KPS) M = 88.75 ± 14.24) were selected from a retrospective data cohort. 34.2% of patients had left hemisphere tumors, 34.2% of tumors were in the frontal lobes, and 15.8% were temporal lobe tumors. Patients were assessed via abbreviated neuropsychological battery following surgical resection prior to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Results The overall cognitive composite was not statistically significant via independent samples t-test (IDH-wt+: M = 42.37; IDH-wt-: M = 39.29; p = 0.897). Subdomains for attention/executive functioning (p = 0.625), memory (p = 0.923), and language (p = 0.501) were not significantly different. Logistic regression was conducted to investigate how IDH status predicts cognitive status. The coefficient has a Wald statistic equal to 0.042 which is not significant (critical value of 0.837) [df = 1]. Of those with IDH-wt+, 57% were impaired and 43% remained intact. Conclusion We did not find a significant association between IDH status and cognition though sample size is a significant limitation of the present study. More investigations are needed given it is possible that cognitive performance is related to IDH status and knowledge in this area could improve patient care/patient education.

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Alqithami, Saad, Musaad Alzahrani, Abdulkareem Alzahrani und Ahmed Mustafa. „AR-Therapist: Design and Simulation of an AR-Game Environment as a CBT for Patients with ADHD“. Healthcare 7, Nr. 4 (15.11.2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040146.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in which patients have difficulties related to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Those patients are in need of a psychological therapy use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the way they think and behave. This type of therapy is mostly common in treating patients with anxiety and depression but also is useful in treating autism, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. A major limitation of traditional CBT is that therapists may face difficulty in optimizing patients’ neuropsychological stimulus following a specified treatment plan. Other limitations include availability, accessibility and level-of-experience of the therapists. Hence, this paper aims to design and simulate a generic cognitive model that can be used as an appropriate alternative treatment to traditional CBT, we term as “AR-Therapist.” This model takes advantage of the current developments of augmented reality to engage patients in both real and virtual game-based environments.

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Edjolo, Arlette, Karine Pérès, Maëlenn Guerchet, Sophie Pilleron, Bébène Ndamba-Bandzouzi, Pascal Mbelesso, Jean-Pierre Clément, Jean-François Dartigues und Pierre-Marie Preux. „Development of the Central Africa Daily Functioning Interference Scale for Dementia Diagnosis in Older Adults: The EPIDEMCA Study“. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 47, Nr. 1-2 (2019): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492782.

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Background: There are a few validated tools capable of assessing the dimensions essential for the diagnosis of dementia and cognitive disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: Our aim was to develop an adapted tool, the Central African – Daily Functioning Interference (DFI) scale. Methods: An initial 16-item scale of activity limitations and participation restrictions was completed by 301 participants with low cognitive performances to assess their level of DFI. A psychometric evaluation was performed using Item Response Theory. Results: A unidimensional 10-item scale emerged with a reasonable coverage of DFI (thresholds range: –1.067 to 1.587) with good item discrimination properties (1.397–4.076) and a high reliability (Cronbach’s al pha = 0.92). The cutoff for detecting 96% of those with dementia was with a latent score ≥0.035 that corresponds to the LAUNDRY limitation. Conclusions: These results provide valuable support for the reliability and internal validity of an operational 10-item scale for DFI assessment used in Central Africa for the diagnosis of dementia in the elderly.

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Prinzi, Giulia, Alessia Santoro, Palma Lamonaca, Vittorio Cardaci, Massimo Fini und Patrizia Russo. „Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Possible Utility of Marine Bioactive Compounds“. Marine Drugs 16, Nr. 9 (04.09.2018): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090313.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by long-term airflow limitation. Early-onset COPD in non-smoker subjects is ≥60 years and in the elderly is often associated with different comorbidities. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common feature in patients with COPD, and is associated with COPD severity and comorbidities. Cognitive impairment in COPD enhances the assistance requirement in different aspects of daily living, treatment adherence, and effectual self-management.This review describes various bioactive compounds of natural marine sources that modulate different targets shared by both COPD and cognitive impairment and hypothesizes a possible link between these two syndromes.

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Kurotori, Isaku, Takaaki Abe, Rika Kato, Shizukiyo Ishikawa und Shiro Suda. „Dropout from cognitive behavioral approach with behavioral limitation in adolescents with severe anorexia nervosa in Japan“. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 73, Nr. 11 (Oktober 2019): 717–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12930.

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Cognitive limitation“

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