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1
Green, E. J. „The Perception-Cognition Border: A Case for Architectural Division“. Philosophical Review 129, Nr. 3 (01.07.2020): 323–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8311221.
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A venerable view holds that a border between perception and cognition is built into our cognitive architecture and that this imposes limits on the way information can flow between them. While the deliverances of perception are freely available for use in reasoning and inference, there are strict constraints on information flow in the opposite direction. Despite its plausibility, this approach to the perception-cognition border has faced criticism in recent years. This article develops an updated version of the architectural approach, which I call the dimension restriction hypothesis (DRH). According to DRH, perceptual processes are constrained to compute over a bounded range of dimensions, while cognitive processes are not. This view allows that perception is cognitively penetrable, but places strict limits on the varieties of penetration that can occur. The article argues that DRH enjoys both theoretical and empirical support, and also defends the view against several objections.
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Phillips, Ben. „The Shifting Border Between Perception and Cognition“. Noûs 53, Nr. 2 (17.08.2017): 316–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nous.12218.
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Zhou, Bin. „A Study on Biden Administration’s Cognition on China: From the Perspective of Cognitive Discourse Analysis“. International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 9, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2023): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.5.439.
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By using “levels of categorization” in categorization theory in cognitive linguistics, this article studies Biden Administration’s cognition on China. After analyzing the categories it uses to recognize China in “Strategic Competition Act of 2021,” this article discovers that its categorizing model mainly consists of 5 modules: (1) dividing a category into semantically non-overlapping subcategories, (2) juxtaposing a subcategory and its elements, (3) ignoring the subcategory and upgrading its elements, (4) concealing the subcategory and its elements in the logical suppositions within the relevant discourses, and (5) putting some elements on the border of two subcategories.
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Mo Young, Lee. „Border between Art and Cognition: Focusing on Cognitive Function of Image“. Journal of Aesthetics & Science of Art 43 (28.02.2015): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17527/jasa.43.0.02.
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Benchak, O. F. „The issue of borders and cross-border processes in socio-humanitarian sciences“. Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, Nr. 11 (09.01.2019): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1718153.
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The essence of social knowledge of borders and cross-border processes in the socio-humanitarian sciences in general and in sociology in particular has been analyzed in the article. The three stages of formation of knowledge about these phenomena and processes have been distinguished on this basis. Particular attention has been paid to the characteristics of the third stage, when interdisciplinary researches become dominant in social cognition due to the leading role of sociology. The special role of the sociology in the cognitive process, its possibilities in conducting theoretic, methodological and empirical studies has been determined. The necessity of constituting a separate direction - «sociology of borders and cross-border processes» as a medium-level sociological theory has been emphasized. Cross-border processes exist since there are boundaries. They may be limited by one or another part of states’ territories, but also they may cover all their depth. The purpose of boundaries’ establishing is to protect the state’s resource potential (human and natural). The purpose of their violation is to capture this potential. The large-scale violation of the border is the war of one country, which is accompanied by various human losses. The conducted analysis shows that the boundaries are a historical product that appeared at that stage of society’s development, when it became necessary to regulate the spatial existence of private property institutions and the existence of the state. Together with changes in these institutions’ development needs, the relevant cross-border processes are taking place in the space. That’s why, there are no unchanged borders. The exceptional significance of the sociological version of the system methodology being the methodological platform for interdisciplinary studies of cross-boundary processes and phenomena has been grounded.
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Gross, Steven. „Language and the Border between Perception and Cognition“. Analysis 83, Nr. 3 (01.07.2023): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/anac057.
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Baidyuk, І. І. „Genesis of the Institute of Interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with Other Law Enforcement Agencies“. Law and Safety 75, Nr. 4 (20.12.2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2019.4.04.
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The article is focused on the research of historical aspects of interaction between the State Border Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, which is conditioned by the importance of the tasks assigned to the State Border Service of Ukraine on the security and protection of the state borders, especially in the current conditions of integration of the state into the European space, by reforming a number of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, the creation of new law enforcement structures and, accordingly, the need to improve existing or establish new cooperation mechanisms of interaction between the above entities. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition made possible to achieveg the set goal and objectives of the study. The central method of the research was the historical and legal method, which allowed to reveal both the historical aspects and the legal basis of interaction of the State Border Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement agencies at different stages. The peculiarities of the interaction of the state border protection agencies with other state entities have been clarified since the V century, when the need for the protection of state borders was first realized and the relevant agencies were created. The author has determined law enforcement agencies that interact with the State Border Service of Ukraine nowadays and the legal basis of such interaction. Particular attention has been paid to the specifics of carrying out interaction of the State Border Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement agencies within the framework of the special border operation “Border”, as well as on the territory of the operation of the joint forces.
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Lemoine, Sylvain R. T., Liran Samuni, Catherine Crockford und Roman M. Wittig. „Chimpanzees make tactical use of high elevation in territorial contexts“. PLOS Biology 21, Nr. 11 (02.11.2023): e3002350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002350.
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Tactical warfare is considered a driver of the evolution of human cognition. One such tactic, considered unique to humans, is collective use of high elevation in territorial conflicts. This enables early detection of rivals and low-risk maneuvers, based on information gathered. Whether other animals use such tactics is unknown. With a unique dataset of 3 years of simultaneous behavioral and ranging data on 2 neighboring groups of western chimpanzees, from the Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire, we tested whether chimpanzees make decisions consistent with tactical use of topography to gain an advantage over rivals. We show that chimpanzees are more likely to use high hills when traveling to, rather than away from, the border where conflict typically takes place. Once on border hills, chimpanzees favor activities that facilitate information gathering about rivals. Upon leaving hills, movement decisions conformed with lowest risk engagement, indicating that higher elevation facilitates the detection of rivals presence or absence. Our results support the idea that elevation use facilitated rival information gathering and appropriate tactical maneuvers. Landscape use during territorial maneuvers in natural contexts suggests chimpanzees seek otherwise inaccessible information to adjust their behavior and points to the use of sophisticated cognitive abilities, commensurate with selection for cognition in species where individuals gain benefits from coordinated territorial defense. We advocate territorial contexts as a key paradigm for unpicking complex animal cognition.
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Bezzubova, Elena, und Gordon Globus. „Underconstraint and overconstraint in psychiatry“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2004): 788–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04230187.
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Hallucination lies at an intriguing border between psychiatry and philosophy. Although Behrendt & Young (B&Y) tie their proposal to Kantian transcendental idealism, other philosophical positions are equally consistent. Cognition is underconstrained by reality not only in hallucination but also in autism and dreaming. Sensory underconstraint is insufficient to encompass schizophrenia. There is also a breakdown in integrative capacity on the cognitive side. From a wider clinical perspective than schizophrenia, there can be underconstraint or overconstraint in sensory and cognitive functionalities.
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Terenteva, L. V. „Jurisdiction in Cross-Border Defamation Disputes“. Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), Nr. 9 (21.12.2023): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.109.9.086-097.
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The possibility of a harmful effect from information in cyberspace creates «libel tourism», when plaintiff looks for favorable jurisdiction in the absence of close connection between the alleged defamation and forum. In order to correctly interpret the close connection in asserting jurisdiction over defamation disputes it is proposed to use a combination of objective factors and subjective factors. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific methods of cognition. The main importance in the research are special legal methods: the method of formal legal analysis, the comparative that let to identify the key features of judicial jurisdiction to resolve cross-border defamation disputes based on flexible criteria in cyberspace.
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Juncal Ruiz, M., O. Porta Olivares, L. Blanco Sánchez, R. Landera Rodríguez, M. Gómez Revuelta, G. Pardo de Santayana Jenaro, N. I. Núñez Morales, R. Martín Gutiérrez, A. B. Pérez Santos und B. Fernández-Abascal Puente. „Cognitive Symptoms: The Border Between Dementia and Depression, a Report of One Case“. European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S654—S655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1098.
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IntroductionTwenty percent of people aged over 80 have a serious dementia. Cognition disturbances are present both in depressive disorder and dementia. Vortioxetine is a new antidepressant with a multi-modal mechanism of action, being one of the antidepressant with more procholinergic action.Aimsto know the efficacy of vortioxetine in elder people with cognitive disturbances due to both pathologies: depression and dementia.MethodsIt is described the result of using vortioxetine in one elder woman with dementia and affective symptoms with no clinical improvement after using two classical antidepressants.ResultsWoman aged 82 without psychiatric history came to our consultation in April 2016. She had been diagnosed with dementia last year by a neurologist and she had started treatment with Donepezile 10 mg/d. Six months after this diagnosis she complained of depressive mood and faster deterioration of her previous cognition disturbances in terms of functionality level and autonomy, so her neurologist prescribed escitalopram until 10 mg/d and mirtazapine until 30 mg/d without clinical improvement. After first exploration, we decided starting treatment with vortioxetine 10 mg/d and withdraw previous antidepressants. Next week she complained of nausea and vomiting so we reduced the dose to 5 mg/d with good tolerance after that moment. Six months later her depressive mood had improved and her family remarked she had a little more autonomy and more desire to do things.ConclusionsVortioixetine might be an effective and safe option in elder people who have cognitive disturbances due to mood disorder and/or dementia, probably because of its procholinergic action.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Yan, Qi. „Appearance Design of Public Buildings Based on the Perspective of Cognitive Psychology“. Learning & Education 10, Nr. 7 (07.06.2022): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i7.2982.
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In today’s era, with the rapid development of science and technology, people’s thinking has become more and more
imaginative. The phenomenon of cross-border integration and mutual exchange and reference of various disciplines is booming,
and the appearance of public buildings has also appeared in many different forms. Important elements of the city. This paper takes
cognitive psychology as the starting point, after in-depth understanding of the current conditions of public building exterior design
and its influencing factors, from building exterior cognition to various stages of psychological processing, and then analyzes the
methodology of public building design.
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Jenkin, Zoe. „The Epistemic Role of Core Cognition“. Philosophical Review 129, Nr. 2 (01.04.2020): 251–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8012850.
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According to a traditional picture, perception and belief have starkly different epistemic roles. Beliefs have epistemic statuses as justified or unjustified, depending on how they are formed and maintained. In contrast, perceptions are “unjustified justifiers.” Core cognition is a set of mental systems that stand at the border of perception and belief, and has been extensively studied in developmental psychology. Core cognition's borderline states do not fit neatly into the traditional epistemic picture. What is the epistemic role of these states? Focusing on the core object system, the author argues that core object representations have epistemic statuses like beliefs do, despite their many prototypically perceptual features. First, the author argues that it is a sufficient condition on a mental state's having an epistemic status as justified or unjustified that the state is based on reasons. Then the author argues that core object representations are based on reasons, through an examination of both experimental results and key markers of the basing relation. The scope of mental states that are subject to epistemic evaluation as justified or unjustified is not restricted to beliefs.
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Zhu, Wenlong, Jian Mou und Jason F. Cohen. „A Cross-Continent Analysis of the Invariance of Product Information in Cross-Border Electronic Commerce“. Journal of Global Information Management 29, Nr. 6 (November 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.289654.
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Cross-border electronic-commerce (CBEC) is growing. However, due to differences in culture, habits, history and language among other factors, consumers in different regions may have different perception towards the same product information on CBEC platforms, which may lead to differences in their cognition of the product with implications for purchase intentions. Presently, little research has attempted to understand whether there are such differences between global consumers through the examination of measurement invariance (MI) in CBEC environments. By using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), this study explored the invariance of two product information cognitions on CBEC platforms, namely product description and product awareness, among consumers in North America, Europe, Latin America and Oceania. Data was collected from users of a popular CBEC platform in China. We find no significant differences in understandings and levels of awareness of product information across the four groups of consumers.
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Yu, Bin, Huimin Liu, Huifang Cheng und Peng Gao. „The impact of cross-border knowledge management on internationalizing Renminbi: lessons from the belt and road initiative“. Journal of Knowledge Management 26, Nr. 1 (28.07.2021): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-01-2021-0062.
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Purpose In the process of Renminbi (RMB) internationalization, the heterogeneity and complexity in knowledge under the multicultural contexts have been considered as important factors that can have profound impacts on the cross-border flow of the RMB currency. Moreover, COVID-19, an exogenous shock, also triggers more in-depth reflection on the relationship between cross-border knowledge management and the financial risk governance. In addition, the needs to effectively respond to global risks and crises prompt the necessity in systematically establishing an effective cross-border knowledge management mechanism and innovatively solidifying the knowledge bases needed for the further internationalization of the RMB. Design/methodology/approach Based on the analysis on the current status of the RMB internationalization, this paper qualitatively explores some major challenges and difficulties encountered in the process of RMB internationalization from the perspectives of knowledge management and cross-cultural theories. To effectively mitigate these challenges and difficulties, discussions and recommendations centered on three main aspects: cross-cultural management; cognition; and innovation for the further development of the RMB internationalization are also presented in this paper. Findings Based on the analysis on the cross-border knowledge management and cross-cultural perspectives, this paper identifies three major challenges and difficulties that the RMB internationalization is encountering, including: cultural heterogeneity and its adverse impacts on the communication amongst economic entities; the existence of knowledge iceberg; and the difficulty it presents to cognition and financial innovation. Meanwhile, the authors also present recommendations on the development of the cross-border knowledge management mechanism for furthering the progress of internationalizing the RMB currency. Research limitations/implications From the perspective of cross-border knowledge management, this study not only elaborates on the recommendations aimed at further promoting the RMB internationalization but also provides reference and guidance for the state, central banks and commercial banks to play better roles in furthering the RMB internationalization. Originality/value This paper creatively integrates the micro knowledge management into the macro process of RMB internationalization, thoroughly discusses two main challenges and difficulties encountered in the process of RMB internationalization from the unique perspective of cross-border knowledge management under the multicultural contexts and provides relevant recommendations for RMB’s further internationalization. This study also enriches the exploration of knowledge management outcome variables and further expands the research field of knowledge management.
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Airoldi, Giorgio. „The extended mind hypothesis: an anti-metaphysical vaccine“. Sofia 8, Nr. 1 (05.09.2019): 10–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47456/sofia.v8i1.23751.
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Discussions about the extended mind have ‘extended’ in various directions in the last decades. While applied to other aspects of human cognition and even consciousness, the extended-mind hypothesis has also been criticized, as it questions fundamental ideas such as the image of a dual world, divided between an external and an internal domain by the border of ‘skin and skull’, the idea of a localized and constant decision center, and the role of internal representations. We suggest that the main virtue of the hypothesis is not as a theory per se, but as a vaccine against persistent metaphysical prejudices about the mind’s structure, functions and borders. Being an hypothesis about the most efficient ways to combine resources and problems, and not a theory about the mind’s a-priori constitution, the extended mind view moves the focus from ontology to pragmatics and helps purify philosophy of mind from metaphysical remainders.
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Jimenez, Tyler, Jamie Arndt und Mark J. Landau. „Walls block waves: Using an inundation metaphor of immigration predicts support for a border wall“. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 9, Nr. 1 (20.04.2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.6383.
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From early 20th century headlines to presidential tweets, immigration is described frequently in terms of waves, floods, and tides. Although usage of this inundation metaphor has been widely documented, its potential influence on immigration attitudes has not been assessed empirically. Building from conceptual metaphor theory’s claim that abstract ideas can be grounded in simpler, concrete concepts, we hypothesized that using the inundation metaphor to understand immigration contributes to support for a U.S.—Mexico border wall as a figurative means to block immigrants. Accordingly, social media posts supporting a border wall contained more inundation-metaphoric expressions than messages opposing a wall and messages opposing immigration without reference to a wall (Study 1; N = 4,067). Converging experimental tests show, when controlling for political attitudes, exposure to the inundation metaphor increases support for a border wall (Studies 2a and 2b; N = 737). These findings add to the growing body of evidence that political cognition and policy attitudes are partly motivated by metaphoric comparisons to concrete ideas that are irrelevant in a literal sense.
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Yang, Xu, und Li Zhang. „Research on the Influence of Time-honored Cross-border Product Market Matching Degree on Purchase Intention“. Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 7, Nr. 1 (26.12.2022): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v7i1.3967.
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With the development of society, the old brand face more consumer diversification demand and fierce market competition leads to the trend of product homogeneity, in order to ensure their products or service advantage, bring new added value, then began the "crossover" mode, use this way to bring consumers three-dimensional experience and demand, to enhance consumer brand awareness. This paper mainly uses the way of combining theory with empirical evidence to conduct analysis and research. The sorting and induction of cross-border products, market matching degree, brand recognition and purchase intention of old brands are made, the model research structure is determined, and the relationship between the cross-border market matching degree of time-honored brands and the purchase intention of the cross-border product is constructed. The intermediary variable introduces brand cognition and proposes assumptions. Then, a reasonable scale was developed based on other literature and the characteristics of the research object, and a questionnaire survey was used for data collection. Finally, the study used SPSS22.0, AMOS and other software to verify the proposed hypotheses, draw conclusions, and make relevant suggestions.
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Garcia Gomar, M. L., A. J. Negrete Cortes, R. Chavez Mendez, N. Castillo Martinez, A. Morlett Paredes und M. J. Marquine. „Neurocognitive Function in Persons with HIV and Healthy Controls from Tijuana, a Border Region in Mexico“. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, Nr. 7 (30.08.2019): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz029.20.
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Abstract Objective To examine neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in vulnerable HIV infected (HIV+) adults in Mexico. Participants and Method Twenty-eight adults (15 HIV+ and 13 HIV-) living in Tijuana (Mexico) participated in the study (Age: M = 40.5, SD = 11.1; 54% female; Education: M = 8.6, SD = 4.7). Participants with HIV were recruited from the board-and-care home “Las Memorias” (100% AIDS; 93% on ART; Years since HIV diagnosis: Median = 11, IQR = 5,16). Healthy controls, matched in age and education to HIV+ participants, were recruited from the same city. Participants completed a neuropsychological test battery which was comprised of the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, letter and animal fluency, Trail Making Test Parts A and B, Stroop Color-Word Test, and Symbol-Digit Test. Raw scores garnered from these tests were transformed to percentiles using norms for a Mexican population, and averaged to calculate scores on global cognition and on three cognitive domains (verbal fluency, processing speed and executive function). Wilcoxon rank sum tests were conducted to investigate group differences. NCI was defined as global percentile scores < 16. Results HIV+ participants showed significantly lower scores in global cognition (p = .04, Cohen’s d = 0.86), as well as the domains of processing speed (p = .03, Cohen’s d = 0.87) and executive function (p = .04, Cohen’s d = 0.84), with no significant differences (but medium effect sizes) on verbal fluency (p = .10, Cohen’s d = 0.60). NCI was evident in 53% of HIV+ persons and 15% of healthy controls. Conclusions Approximately half of the persons living with HIV showed notable NCI, which is consistent with findings of prior studies of Latinos in the US with HIV. This pattern of neurocognitive function was also similar to those of prior studies in HIV. Future studies might examine key predictors of HIV-associated NCI in this vulnerable Mexican population, including biological and culturally relevant factors: such as deportation, and discrimination for sexual preference or HIV status.
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Firestone, Chaz, und Ian Phillips. „Seeing fast and thinking slow The Border Between Seeing and Thinking Ned Block Oxford University Press, 2023. 560 pp.“ Science 379, Nr. 6638 (24.03.2023): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adg8153.
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Lee, Darrin J., Luka Milosevic, Robert Gramer, Sanskriti Sasikumar, Tameem M. Al-Ozzi, Philippe De Vloo, Robert F. Dallapiazza et al. „Nucleus basalis of Meynert neuronal activity in Parkinson’s disease“. Journal of Neurosurgery 132, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.11.jns182386.
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OBJECTIVENeuronal loss within the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) correlates with cognitive decline in dementing disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In nonhuman primates, the nbM firing pattern (5–40 Hz) has also been correlated with working memory and sustained attention. In this study, authors performed microelectrode recordings of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) and the nbM immediately prior to the implantation of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in PD patients to treat motor symptoms and cognitive impairment, respectively. Here, the authors evaluate the electrophysiological properties of the nbM in patients with PD.METHODSFive patients (4 male, mean age 66 ± 4 years) with PD and mild cognitive impairment underwent bilateral GPi and nbM DBS lead implantation. Microelectrode recordings were performed through the GPi and nbM along a single trajectory. Firing rates and burst indices were characterized for each neuronal population with the patient at rest and performing a sustained-attention auditory oddball task. Action potential (AP) depolarization and repolarization widths were measured for each neuronal population at rest.RESULTSIn PD patients off medication, the authors identified neuronal discharge rates that were specific to each area populated by GPi cells (92.6 ± 46.1 Hz), border cells (34 ± 21 Hz), and nbM cells (13 ± 10 Hz). During the oddball task, firing rates of nbM cells decreased (2.9 ± 0.9 to 2.0 ± 1.1 Hz, p < 0.05). During baseline recordings, the burst index for nbM cells (1.7 ± 0.6) was significantly greater than those for GPi cells (1.2 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) and border cells (1.1 ± 0.1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the nbM burst index during the oddball task relative to baseline (3.4 ± 1.7, p = 0.20). With the patient at rest, the width of the depolarization phase of APs did not differ among the GPi cells, border cells, and nbM cells (p = 0.60); however, during the repolarization phase, the nbM spikes were significantly longer than those for GPi high-frequency discharge cells (p < 0.05) but not the border cells (p = 0.20).CONCLUSIONSNeurons along the trajectory through the GPi and nbM have distinct firing patterns. The profile of nbM activity is similar to that observed in nonhuman primates and is altered during a cognitive task associated with cholinergic activation. These findings will serve to identify these targets intraoperatively and form the basis for further research to characterize the role of the nbM in cognition.
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Ivanova, L. N., und E. N. Badmaeva. „Cross-border Approach to Economic Cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan in the Sphere of Turnover of Precious Metals and Stones“. Financial Journal 15, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2023): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2023-6-110-122.
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In the conditions of expanding interaction between friendly countries, the cross-border approach to economic cooperation in strategically important areas is becoming increasingly important. The methodological basis of this study was the dialectical method of cognition, which allows analyzing and synthesizing economic phenomena, dissecting them into separate elements. The methods of logical, economic and situational analysis were also used. The authors give a bibliographic review of economic cooperation between Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan using a cross-border approach to the analysis of the precious metals and stones market; show the role of the Republic of Kazakhstan at historical stages in the formation of integration processes in the Eurasian space; characterize the structure of the market of precious metals and stones and products made of them. The market of precious metals, gemstones and products made of them is a promising direction of Kazakhstan's economic development. The Republic of Kazakhstan is successfully improving the state regulation of the precious metals and gemstones industry, taking into account global trends and best practices in this area. Cross-border cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia will contribute to their further economic development.
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Karpińska-Musiał, Beata, und Izabela Orchowska. „MIĘDZYKULTUROWOŚĆ JAKO PRZESTRZEŃ DLA TRANSDYSCYPLINARNEJ METAANALIZY W GLOTTODYDAKTYCE I PEDAGOGICE MIĘDZYKULTUROWEJ – POLA WSPÓŁ-/ NIEZALEŻNOŚCI POJĘĆ, PARADYGMATÓW I CELÓW KSZTAŁCENIA“. Neofilolog, Nr. 52/2 (30.06.2019): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2019.52.2.12.
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The paper presents a critical reflection on the issue of transdisciplinarity in defining interculturality as an object of scientific cognition on glottodidac-tics and intercultural pedagogy. Specifically, the authors propose a compar-ative meta-analysis of conceptualization of terms and paradigms, as well as teaching aims connected with interculturality in these two disciplines. They pose the question whether the transdisciplinary orientation is appropriate for scientific modeling and for defining teaching objectives on the border-line between interculturality in glottodidactics and intercultural pedagogy.
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Ye, Hailin. „Perception of Identity, Perception of Relationship and Strategic Interaction — An Analysis on China–Indian Border Disputes from the Perspective of Game Theories“. East Asian Affairs 01, Nr. 01 (Juni 2021): 2150003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2737557921500030.
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Based on the continuous observation of the ongoing China–India border conflict in recent years, the author intends to answer why China has not yielded prospective policy returns from the Indian side, even if it has been pursuing a cooperative strategy toward India after the Doklam standoff. Inspired by several doctrines of game theory under the dynamic game scenario and the application of relevant gaming tactics, this essay argues that after the Doklam standoff, China has been consistently pursuing an India policy that is risk-averse in nature, represented by its fundamental goal of persevering stability in the secondary direction of China–India border area. As a supporter of this argumentation, a diachronic investigation in terms of the evolution of China–India Relations between 2017 and 2020 was conducted, in which both countries were presumed as state actors involving in repeated gaming process with observable actions and asymmetric information sources. The investigation covers the respective actions adopted by both China and India since the Doklam standoff in 2017, along with the strategic interactions between the two sides from 2018 to 2019, till the most recent standoff in the Galwan Valley and the standoff along the Panggong Tso in 2020. The major finding of this essay is that there exists a causal-effect relationship between the expected payment structures of both sides in a gaming process and the outcome of the implementation of a certain cooperative strategy. Besides, as opponents in a gaming process, either side’s self-cognition and its evaluation on the bilateral relations will pose critical impact on its policy-making. Therefore, in the specific case of China–India border conflict, it is highly advised that China should make practical efforts to avert cognition risks of all kinds while managing its relation with India; otherwise, negative consequences may occur due to the mismatch of its strategic goals and its policy devices.
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Harpaz, Yossi. „Conspicuous Mobility: The Status Dimensions of the Global Passport Hierarchy“. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 697, Nr. 1 (September 2021): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162211052859.
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The world’s passports are not equal. Travelers from rich countries enjoy extensive travel freedom across the globe, whereas citizens of less developed nations are subject to stringent visa controls. This article examines this global hierarchy from a social cognition perspective, highlighting the status competition around international travel. It analyzes interviews with ninety-eight persons in Serbia and Israel who have acquired a second passport from a European Union country. The interviews illustrate how a social cognition perspective can shed new light on international mobility and global inequality: the analysis suggests that passengers continuously monitored how they and others were treated by border control authorities, perceiving different treatment as indicative of status. Respondents experienced shame when the treatment they received fell short of their expected standards and felt pleasure and pride when treated better than comparable others. Respondents tended to compare their travel freedom to that enjoyed by citizens of nations that they perceived as culturally similar.
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Menicocci, Stefano, Viviana Lupo, Silvia Ferrara, Andrea Giorgi, Eleonora Serra, Fabio Babiloni und Gianluca Borghini. „Fake-News Attitude Evaluation in Terms of Visual Attention and Personality Traits: A Preliminary Study for Mitigating the Cognitive Warfare“. Behavioral Sciences 14, Nr. 11 (01.11.2024): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14111026.
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Although the Internet grants access to a large amount of information, it is crucial to verify its reliability before relying on it. False information is a dangerous medium that poses a considerable threat, as it impacts individuals’ perceptions and information processing, eventually shaping people’s behaviors. Misinformation can be weaponized, especially in cross-border conflicts, where it can be used as a means to erode social cohesion by manipulating public opinion and exacerbate tensions between nations. Cognitive Warfare targets human cognition shaping to be a realm of warfare. It entails the synergy of activities designed to alter perceptions of reality, along with other Instruments of Power, to affect attitudes and behaviors by influencing, protecting, or disrupting cognition on an individual, group, or population level to gain an advantage over an opponent. The objective of our study was to identify behavioral patterns and profile personality traits most likely to accept fake news as true, aiming to mitigate the phenomenon and impact of misinformation and disinformation, as well as addressing the concerning effects of Cognitive Warfare. Based on the Big Five Theory model, we investigated the variation in visual attention and level of Conscientiousness, Open-Mindedness, and Emotional Stability in regard to the capability to detect fake news. In this study, we measured Implicit reaction time (IRT) and visual behavior (Eye Tracker) while participants were shown both fake and real news. The results indicated that subjects who were able to differentiate between fake news and real news tended to exhibit lower levels of Open-Mindedness and focused heavily on the visual elements of the posts.
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Shakhanov, Vyacheslav V. „The “Level-Based” System of Cognition of Law As an Epistemological Matrix of Jurisprudence“. Journal of Russian Law 28, Nr. 3 (2024): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.61205/s160565900028387-9.
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The direction of theoretical thinking was previously outlined by dialectical materialism (the philosophy and methodology of Marxism), which established general principles of knowledge, including in the field of studying legal reality. After downplaying the importance of this scientific cognitive system, a situation of methodological chaos arose. Legal ideas (concepts, theories, doctrines) began to be formulated in isolation from each other, without any obvious common guidelines. Sometimes this led to positive results and the emergence of new original approaches, but it did not become a general rule. People began to talk more and more often about the crisis of domestic jurisprudence. Despite the bias of such statements, it is necessary to recognize the presence of certain problems: “endless interpretations” and “reinterpretations”. To achieve new results, it is necessary to improve cognitive tools and discover new facets of seemingly already familiar phenomena. In this capacity, it is proposed to pay attention to the underestimated epistemological potential of the “level” system of cognition. In a truncated form, it existed “in the shadow” of the previously mentioned scientific cognitive system, in some aspects it was part of it, but its instrumental capabilities in the field of jurisprudence were used very limitedly. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the epistemological potential of the “level-based” system of cognition of law in relation to the needs of legal science. Research methods: at the stage of collecting empirical information: abstraction, induction, empirical analysis; at the stage of theoretical understanding: idealization, constructive introduction of theoretical objects, logical reduction; at the metatheoretical level: general scientific and philosophical justification. As a result of the study: the logical structure of the “level-based” system of cognition of law was clarified in terms of: a) identifying its two sublevels: legal metaphenomena of the theoretical level and legal metaphenomena of the philosophical level; b) establishing a “border of meaning” that unites bordering levels of knowledge; it was proposed to introduce the term “legal metaphenomena” into scientific circulation; the cognitive potential of the “level” approach has been explored in the following issues: systematization of legal categories through the study of categorical relationships, interdisciplinary interaction, transdisciplinary approach, formation of an epistemological agenda.
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Cabellos, Beatriz, und Juan-Ignacio Pozo. „Can Video Games Promote Moral Cognition? Supporting Epistemic Play in Papers, Please through Dialogue“. Education Sciences 13, Nr. 9 (12.09.2023): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13090929.
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Research shows an increasing interest in video game use for educational purposes. However, their use does not always give rise to positive learning, particularly when moral learning is analysed. This result can be explained since video games promote pragmatic goals aimed at success. Therefore, we believe that to facilitate moral learning, it is necessary to promote a moral cognition focus on epistemic goals oriented towards reflection on the actions and events that take place in the game. To identify if epistemic goals can promote moral cognition with a video game, we used Papers, Please. In this game, players take on the role of a customs officer who should face moral dilemmas related to allowing immigrants to cross the border into their country. We analysed the dialogues and decisions made by 12 pairs of students through a category system. The dialogue between players facilitated greater moral activation compared to studies that analysed spontaneous play. In addition, we identified that the game mechanics that promoted moral conflicts between players fostered more moral dialogue. Likewise, when the players empathised with the immigrants, the moral dialogue was more frequent. Therefore, we believe that these characteristics should be considered when designing educational practices using video games to promote moral cognition.
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Duo, Xu, Faridah Ibrahim und Mohd Nashriq Nizam. „The Influence of Social Media on the Cognition of Chinese Students in Malaysia“. World Journal of Social Science Research 11, Nr. 1 (21.12.2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v11n1p1.
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Malaysia is currently one of the most popular study destinations for overseas Chinese students. At the same time, due to global educational status and better media technology facilities, including social media, more Chinese students tend to live or study abroad. However, the different patterns of social media at home and abroad have created a cognitive gap among overseas Chinese students in Malaysia. Qualitative in-depth interviews and Focus group discussions with more than a dozen overseas Chinese students studying in Malaysia showed that social media use has multiple impacts and aids in structuring learning, lifestyle influences, and the relationship between social media use and cognitive formation. The findings suggest that China’s local social media has been identified as a widespread use by overseas Chinese students for cross-border daily interpersonal communication. It not only helps to construct the lifestyle of overseas Chinese students, but also helps maintain their social perception as “Chinese” by generating the image of home.
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Лавринов, В. В. „Problems of determining movement across the border as a sign of smuggling“. Расследование преступлений: проблемы и пути их решения, Nr. 3(41) (16.10.2023): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2411-1627.2023.41.3.006.
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При квалификации различных видов контрабанды правоприменители сталкиваются с проблемами, связанными с установлением и определением признаков объективной стороны, в первую очередь – перемещения через таможенную либо государственную границу, определение которого в уголовном законодательстве отсутствует, что требует обращения к таможенному законодательству. Цель настоящей статьи – рассмотреть вопросы, связанные с определением качественных характеристик такого признака объективной стороны контрабанды, как перемещение через государственную либо таможенную границу, необходимых для надлежащей квалификации деяния. Методы исследования: в основу исследования положены диалектический метод научного познания, формально-юридический метод, а также методы сравнительного анализа, синтеза, индукции и дедукции. По результатам исследования предлагается под контрабандой понимать не пересечение государственной либо таможенной границы незаконным путем, а именно перемещение в форме ввоза либо вывоза соответствующих предметов. Также предлагается внести изменения в редакцию норм, предусматривающих ответственность за контрабанду, соответствующие как таможенному законодательству, так и современным геополитическим реалиям, связанные с указанием на таможенную границу Евразийского экономического союза и на государственную границу со странами – членами Евразийского экономического союза. When qualifying various types of contraband, law enforcement officers face problems related to the establishment and determination of the signs of an objective party, first of all – movement across the customs or state border, which is not defined in criminal legislation, which requires recourse to customs legislation. The purpose of this article is to consider issues related to determining the qualitative characteristics of movement across the state or customs border necessary for the proper qualification of the act. Research methods: dialectical method of scientific cognition, formal legal method, and methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. According to the results of the research, the author suggests understanding smuggling not as crossing the state or customs border illegally, but as movement in the form of import or export of relevant items. The article also proposes to amend the wording of the norms providing for responsibility for smuggling, corresponding to both customs legislation and modern geopolitical realities, related to the indication of the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union and the state border with the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Zhang, Han, und Wing Chung Ho. „The Long-Term Effect of Famine Exposure on Cognitive Performance: Evidence from the 1959–1961 Chinese Famine“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 24 (15.12.2022): 16882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416882.
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We examined the long-term impact of the 1959–1961 Chinese Famine on the survivors’ cognitive performance in this study. Using data from the 2010 China Family Panel Study, our cohort comparison analysis showed that people who experienced the famine in early childhood (aged 1–3) had a lower score on a vocabulary test and that those who were exposed to the famine in utero did not differ from those born after the famine, probably due to positive selection for the in utero survivors. To deal with the problem of the lack of a comparable control group, we further applied a migrant–stayer comparison approach, with data from the 2016 China Family Panel Study and the 2017 Hong Kong Panel Study of Social Dynamics, to examine the effects of famine exposure at different life stages on adult cognition. We compared the people who stayed in Guangdong with the people who crossed the border to Hong Kong before the famine. The results showed that Guangdong stayers who experienced the famine when they were aged 1–18 had worse performance in immediate word recall. The findings suggested that exposure to malnutrition during childhood has long-term adverse effects on cognitive performance.
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Kwiatkowski, Bartosz. „Legal Act as the Subject of Mythologization: Remarks on the Reception of the JUST Act of 2017 in Poland“. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.1.167-179.
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<p>The article presents a legal act as a potential subject of mythologization. The tools derived from the studies on political myth were used to describe a phenomenon that strictly belongs to the political and legal reality – the American JUST Act of 2017, which in recent years has caused many controversies in Polish public debate. While using the theoretical methods of the most notable researchers of the political myth, such as R. Barthes or E. Cassirer, it has been shown that legal acts, as well as their reception and interpretation, are not always<strong> </strong>based on rational forms of cognition. They can also be affected by a political myth and a mythical form of cognition, which is depicted in this study by means of methodology implemented from the studies on political myth. The article formulates interesting comments that may be useful for a better understanding of the phenomena on the border of Polish jurisprudence, political science and mythology.</p>
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Sytdyhov Begench. „The Influence of Cultural Difference Cognition on the Entrepreneurship Process of International Students in China“. International Journal of Education and Humanities 14, Nr. 2 (30.05.2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/3f6g3c67.
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This study focuses on the entrepreneurial activities of Chinese students studying abroad, and explores in depth the impact of cultural differences on the entrepreneurial process of international students. Through literature review and theoretical analysis, a theoretical model was constructed to investigate the impact of cultural differences among international students on the entrepreneurial process. This reveals the significant impact of cultural differences on the entrepreneurial process of international students, providing useful insights for them to overcome cultural differences and smoothly carry out entrepreneurial activities. International students can enhance their awareness of cultural differences, explore unique business perspectives and innovative inspirations in the market, and utilize economic and social differences to seek opportunities for cross-border entrepreneurship. At the same time, universities and all sectors of society should also pay attention to entrepreneurship education for international students, provide necessary support and guidance, and promote the healthy development of entrepreneurial activities for international students.
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Korolchuk, L. „DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN UKRAINE IN TIMES OF WAR“. Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 7, Nr. 2 (01.11.2023): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2023.02.018.
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Today, Ukrainians are fighting fiercely for the right to be Ukrainians, to be a free, independent European, developed state. The time of reconstruction is not far off, so it is very important to be prepared in a timely manner for effective actions to restore and qualitatively transform the Ukrainian economy into the best examples of an innovative competitive economy that the world’s leading civilized countries are trying to follow. This type of economy is, of course, a green economy, circular or closed within the framework of the concept of sustainable development, as a general concept, which was declared at the UN Summit on Sustainable Development in September 2015. Since tourism is one of the most profitable sectors of the global economy and the most extensive, it can be an excellent tool for promoting the principles of sustainable development and effectively ensuring its economic, social and environmental dimensions. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the attainability of sustainable tourism objectives in Ukraine in the context of war; to identify effective types of sustainable tourism in the current conditions. Design/methodology/approach. In the article, the authors used hypothetical method; comparative analysis in the course of studying scientific sources on this issue; empirical analysis of the achievability of sustainable tourism tasks in our country in the conditions of war, as well as the experience of the functioning of Euroregions in Ukraine and the current state of political and economic conditions in the process of identifying opportunities provided by the development of cross-border sustainable tourism; logical method of cognition in the course of comparing the tasks of sustainable tourism with the opportunities that cross-border sustainable tourism can provide under relevant circumstances. Finding. The hypothesis on the possibility of sustainable tourism development in Ukraine in the context of war is proven. We define cross-border sustainable tourism as a viable type of tourism in times of war for objective reasons, the main advantage of which is the acceleration of Ukraine’s integration into the EU by ensuring the convergence of standards in the field of sustainable tourism, among other things. Practical implications. The results of this research are in the field of interest of scientists, government authorities, territorial communities, and business representatives who are willing to put the idea of developing cross-border sustainable tourism into practice and improve the functioning of existing forms of cross-border cooperation in the field of sustainable tourism. The subject of further research on this issue is the forms and mechanisms for intensifying cross-border cooperation in the field of sustainable tourism through the use of the possibility of accelerating Ukraine’s integration into the European and North Atlantic Unions. Originality/value. This study highlights cross-border sustainable tourism as a promising sector of Ukraine’s economy that can develop in wartime, as it involves the use of border areas remote from the combat zone, is able to realize all the objectives of sustainable tourism, and helps accelerate Ukraine’s integration into the EU.
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Colebrook, Claire. „Derrida, Deleuze and Haptic Aesthetics“. Derrida Today 2, Nr. 1 (Mai 2009): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1754850009000360.
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In On Touching Derrida locates Jean-Luc Nancy (and, briefly, Gilles Deleuze) within a tradition of haptic ethics and aesthetics that runs from Aristotle to the present. In his early work on Husserl, Derrida had already claimed that phenomenology's commitment to the genesis of sense and the sensible is at one and the same time a commitment to pure and rigorous philosophy at the same time as it threatens to over-turn the primacy of conceptuality and cognition.Whereas Nancy (and those other figures whom Derrida cites, such as Merleau-Ponty) express a faith in a return to the sensibility of flesh, Derrida presents his own work as manifestly more cognisant of the necessary distance between flesh and sense. Another ‘approach’ to the haptic is suggested by Gilles Deleuze, whose work Derrida locates within phenomenological presence, despite Deleuze and Guattari's trenchant rejection of ‘the lived’ and the human organism that inevitably subtends any discussion of the relation between sensibility and sense. Rather than decide for or against this border between flesh and cognition, between post-deconstruction and deconstructive rigour, this essay examines this curious border of touch between philosophy and sensibility, and does so by referring to William Blake's problem of returning the signs of sense to the sensibility of the hand.
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Лавринов, В. В. „Problematic issues of qualification of smuggling committed outside the State border of the Russian Federation“. Вестник Московской академии Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, Nr. 3(37) (02.10.2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2588-0136.2023.37.3.008.
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В связи с тем, что уголовное законодательство предусматривает ответственность за совершение контрабанды при перемещении не только через государственную границу, но и через таможенную, возникает проблема, связанная с квалификацией действий лиц, совершивших контрабанду при ввозе либо вывозе с территории Евразийского экономического союза, членом которого является Россия, но за пределами Российской Федерации. Цель исследования – рассмотреть вопросы, связанные с возможностью квалификации действий лиц, совершивших контрабанду не только на территории Российской Федерации, но и на территории Евразийского экономического союза. Методы и объекты исследования: в основу исследования положены диалектический метод научного познания, формально-юридический метод, а также методы сравнительного анализа, синтеза, индукции и дедукции. Объектом исследования выступают общественные отношения, возникающие в связи с уголовной ответственностью за совершение контрабанды. По результатам исследования автор приходит к выводу, что, с учетом действующей редакции норм, устанавливающих уголовную ответственность за контрабанду, описания признаков объективной стороны как незаконного перемещения через таможенную границу, при последовательном пересечении таможенной и государственной границы следует квалифицировать такие действия по совокупности преступлений. Due to the fact that criminal legislation provides for liability for the commission of smuggling when moving not only across the state border, but also through the customs, there is a problem associated with the qualification of the actions of persons who have committed smuggling when importing or exporting from the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, of which Russia is a member, but outside the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to consider issues related to the possibility of qualifying the actions of persons who have committed smuggling not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also on the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union. Methods and objects of research: the research is based on the dialectical method of scientific cognition, the formal legal method, as well as methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The object of the study is social relations arising in connection with criminal liability for the commission of smuggling. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that, taking into account the current version of the norms establishing criminal liability for smuggling, describing the signs of the objective side as illegal movement across the customs border, when consistently crossing the customs and state borders, such actions should be qualified by the totality of crimes.
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Messina, Marcello, Francisco Bento da Silva, Letícia Porto Ribeiro und Jairo de Araújo Souza. „Towards Amazon-centred memory studies: Borders, dispossessions and massacres“. Memory Studies 16, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2023): 1407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980231207598.
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In this article, we take Erll’s important categorisation about the three different generations of memory studies scholars as a starting point in order to propose a chronotopical dislocation that envisages Amazonia as the epistemic spatiotemporal centre of our memory studies. In doing so, we account for a pluriverse of social and ethnic conflicts, border tensions, plurilingualisms, intersections of the human with the non-human – both in terms of nature as a sentient, self-determined being and in terms of the violent dehumanisation of racialised individuals and peoples – that point not only to heterogeneous spatial conceptions, but also to hardly conciliable (and yet commonly coexistent) temporalities. Considering both Erll’s mapping of a third generation of ‘transcultural’ memory scholars and Craps’ claims about a new wave of memory studies that goes ‘beyond anthropocentric modes of cognition and representation’, we argue that Amazon-centred memory studies intersect and embrace both these tendencies. After presenting a series of case studies revolving around the complex politics of memory regarding state massacres, contentious border narratives and forceful dispossessions in the region, we try to demonstrate that Amazon-centred memory studies are not exclusively applicable to a local, circumscribed reality – on the contrary, they constitute a model that may help us make sense of other geographical realities (e.g. the Mediterranean or Australia) or function as theoretical tools applicable to different disciplines.
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Kharmaev, Yuriy V., und Zhanna A. Vasilyeva. „Issues of victim behavior of citizens as an object of researches conducted by scientific collectives of border states“. Yugra State University Bulletin 16, Nr. 2 (09.10.2020): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20202107-111.
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In this article, the authors of the study determine the current problems of victimization of citizens of border states (Russia and Mongolia). This problem is relevant due to the fact that since 2014 a visa regime was lifted between two neighboring states, which predetermined an increased flow of tourists in both directions. In order to determine the factors of victimization of foreign citizens in the host country, the author used both general scientific and special methods of cognition, including comparative legal, statistical, systemic, documentary, etc. As a result of a study of special literature, statistical data of law enforcement agencies, materials of criminal cases, certain conclusions were drawn, the main directions of criminal attacks against foreign citizens were established, and preventive measures were identified on the nature of preventing or reducing such cases and minimizing criminal consequences in relation to foreign citizens in the territory of the Russian Federation.
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Soroka, Andrzej, und Julia Wojciechowska-Solis. „Consumer Awareness of the Regional Food Market: The Case of Eastern European Border Regions“. Foods 8, Nr. 10 (10.10.2019): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8100467.
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The aim of this paper is to determine the awareness measures of consumers from Eastern Poland and Western Ukraine towards regional food products, including consumer knowledge on regional products available in the media and their availability on the food market. The effort was made to compare consumers’ opinions on the reasons for purchasing regional food and ways of distinguishing it from conventional products, as well as on the availability of regional products. Consumer awareness—that is, making informed choices based on the knowledge we have—is a measure of attitudes and cognition, and sometimes can be directed towards the brand, which is the product’s regional designation. Therefore, it is necessary to comment that attitudes towards regionality can generate a behavioral intent. A diagnostic survey with an author’s questionnaire was used in the study, which helped to survey 1128 respondents from Eastern Poland—that is, from the Podlaskie, Lublin, and Subcarpathia regions—and 1072 from Western Ukraine, including the Volyn, Lviv, and Transcarpathia regions. Discriminant function analysis was used in statistical analysis. Both residents of Eastern Poland and Western Ukraine obtained information on regional food products from their friends or family and from television (TV), internet, and regional fairs. Consumers from both countries pointed at too many possibilities of purchasing regional products; at the same time, they paid attention to a limited number of points of sale. TV and Internet have a great promotional potential to educate young consumers focused on the purchase of regional food products.
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Maslova, Anastasia V. „The Role of Intuition in the Middle Age“. Voprosy Filosofii, Nr. 10 (2021): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-10-197-207.
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The article is devoted to follow to the essential characteristics of intuition thinking. Intuition thinking is the way of understanding and extract of meanings. In this issue are analyzed such notions as sense, understanding and symbol. In this issue a symbol is a key figure in the way of thinking of the Middle age. Ancient Greek’s way of thinking and Middle age’s way of thinking are compered. The border of epochs is a main location of the turn from sensation to feeling and from revealed to hidden. In this article the evolution of notion of intuition, its semantic metamorphosis and its changing cognitive status are shown. According Socrates intuition has a form of daimonion, impersonal force helping him become a person and make decisions according to ethical standards. The figure of Augustine impersonates the metanoia on two levels, subjective and level of epoch. The notion of “Self” ceases to be an entity autonomous from the nature of God, because only in the process of cognition, merge with God a person emerges. This is the fundamental difference in the way of being acient Greek and medieval cultures. Therefore, two epistemological paradigms, determining the cognitive status of intuition, are faced. On the base of mystics’ experience in the Middle age and Neoplatonism intuition is defined. For medieval mystics, contemplation, the direct vision of the truth in God, played an important role. From this phenomenon then comes the Cartesian clarity and distinctness of truth. Well known the intuition is the highest cognitive ability for rationalists
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Clemons,, Randy S., Mark K. McBeth, Rolfe Daus Peterson und Carl L. Palmer. „The Narrative Policy Framework and Sticky Beliefs: An Experiment Studying Islamophobia“. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 27, Nr. 3 (03.08.2020): 472–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02702002.
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Our study focuses on Islamophobia and the power of facts versus the power of a narrative in shaping individual opinion toward Muslims. We utilise an experimental design to explore three research questions: (1) Is Islamophobia and anti-Muslim sentiment lowered in narrative or factual treatments?; (2) What are the differential effects of the treatments by ideological orientation?; and (3) Is Islamophobia a predictor of policy stances? We find that neither the narrative or factual treatments lowered Islamophobia or anti-Muslim sentiment. However, moderates were significantly influenced by the Facts Treatment, expressing lower levels of anti-Muslim sentiment. Finally, the treatments significantly influenced policy positions for individuals in the Facts Treatment group, who were less likely to support funding increases for border security than subjects in the narrative treatment. Our findings have implications for understanding persuasion, identity protection cognition, and the persistence of Islamophobia within the context of the power of narrative.
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Galofaro, Francesco. „Beneath Thy Protection: Portrait of the Holy Virgin as a semantic operator“. Sign Systems Studies 51, Nr. 2 (04.09.2023): 376–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2023.51.2.09.
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Starting from the third century, many songs, prayers, and icons testify to the way the Virgin Mary – Mother of God – has been attributed the role of protecting the community. Examples include the Akhathist hymn traditionally dated to the siege of Constantinople (626), the Polish anthem “Bogurodzica”, associated with the battle of Grunwald (1410), the icon of Częstochowa that protected Poland from the Swedish invasion (1655), and numerous others. The role of menace is embodied by different enemies: infidels, heretics, or atheists. The Virgin watches over the frontier between two cultural spaces: the inside and the outside of the semiosphere. A case study will provide insight into the function played by the Madonna at the border: the Madonna of the Rocciamelone, the highest sanctuary in Europe, founded by the crusader knight Rotharius (1358). A bronze statue of the Virgin was placed in the sanctuary in 1899. A small corpus of pastoral letters written by blessed Edoardo Rosaz, bishop of Susa (Piedmont), expresses the hope that the Virgin will protect Catholics from liberal heresy. Plastic oppositions such as top/bottom, resulting from the relationship between the Virgin and the landscape, are used to manifest abstract oppositions such as reason/passion, order/disorder, and Church/revolution. This homologation helps us understand how the Virgin, placed in upper space, embodies knowledge and cognition: she becomes a lookout, allowing a transfer of values from the semantic field of war to the religious one. The Virgin guards the border of the semiosphere, the border dividing the self from the other. Her function is the semiotization of incoming materials, transforming external non-communication into information and meaning. This article thus considers the Virgin as a semantic operator inverting the values of liberal discourse into information stored in Catholic cultural space. A mathematical model of the function played by the Virgin will be presented in the terms of quantum computing.
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Nielsen, Charlotte Holme, Yan Hui, Duc Ninh Nguyen, Agnethe May Ahnfeldt, Douglas G. Burrin, Bolette Hartmann, Anne Birgitte Heckmann, Per Torp Sangild, Thomas Thymann und Stine Brandt Bering. „Alpha-Lactalbumin Enriched Whey Protein Concentrate to Improve Gut, Immunity and Brain Development in Preterm Pigs“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 1 (17.01.2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010245.
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Human milk is rich in nutritional factors, such as alpha-lactalbumin (α-Lac), and important for neonatal development, but nutrient supplementation may be required for optimal growth. Using a pig model, we hypothesized that α-Lac-enriched whey protein concentrate (WPC) supplementation improves neonatal development. Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs were fed either dilute bovine milk (REF) or REF milk supplemented with WPC with normal (STANDARD-ALPHA) or high (HIGH-ALPHA) α-Lac. Clinical, gut, immune and cognitive endpoints (open field, T-maze) were assessed and tissues collected at Day 19. The growth of STANDARD-ALPHA and HIGH-ALPHA were higher than REF (31 vs. 19 g/kg/d). Most organ weights, gut, immunity and brain variables were similar between WPC groups. HIGH-ALPHA had a higher bone mineral content, colon microbial diversity and an abundance of specific bacteria and microbial metabolites, and tended to show a faster food transit time (p = 0.07). Relative to REF, WPC pigs showed higher relative organ weights, blood amino acids, blood neutrophil function, and microbial metabolites, but lower brush-border enzyme activities and plasma cortisol. Cognition outcomes did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, WPC supplementation of milk improved some growth, gut and immunity parameters in preterm pigs. However, increasing the α-Lac content beyond human milk levels had limited effects on the immature gut and developing brain.
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Stankovic, Sanja. „Saznanje i primena stranog prava u međunarodnom privatnom pravu Republike Srbije“. Forum 1, Nr. 1-2 (Dezember 2019): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/forum19.109s.
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Today, as a consequence of cross‐border movement of people, goods, capital and delivering of services exists more and more cases with international element. Authority of state before which the process is started, firstly by establishes the existences of international jurisdiction. If the authority establishes its competence, by conflict rule it determines ex officio the law of state which law should be applied. When the law of foreign state has to be applied, competent authority is obliged ex officio to deterime and apply it.The methods of cognition of foreign law content are regulated by law regulating private international law, bilateral agreements regulating international legal assistance, multilateral agreements sedes materiae, i.e. European Convention on information about foreign law and multilateral agreements lex specialis.The purpose of this paper is to present the concepts encompased in legal sources of the Republic of Serbia, and to compare them mutually as well as to present the provisions of comparative practice, i.e. states in the region.
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Stengers, Isabelle. „Epistemology and the Physicist“. Science in Context 2, Nr. 2 (1988): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000612.
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The ArgumentIn this answer to “Evolutionism as a Modern Form of Mechanicism”(SiC 2(2): 287–306) I discuss the strange double use the authors make of their reference to Kant in order to deny the relevance of far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics, and more generally, of the physical irreversibility question in the problem of evolution.On the one hand, the authors quite legitimately use a materialist version of Kantian apriorism in the guise of “means of cognition” presupposed by any physical theory. But on the other hand, they accept a theoretical interpretation of physical irreversibility (as introduced in physics via statistical supplementary conditions) whose precise historical function was to occult the intrinsic difference between the cognitive means of dynamics and those of thermodynamics in order to promote a mechanistic unification of physics.I thus argue that at stake is not the case of such or such a physicist transgressing the border between philosophy and natural science as defended by von Borzeszkowski and Wahsner, but rather the very interpretation of irreversibility accepted by most physicists (including von Borzeszkowski and Wahsner) since Boltzmann. In contrast, Prigogine's enterprise could be understood as an attempt to take the notion of cognitive means seriously, by approaching the problem of evolution (and not by proposing a theory of evolution) via the problem of the relevance of these means.I conclude with comments on the strategic role Kant is still made to play today by physicists who wish to transform dissents in physical theory into philosophical ones and by philosophers who wish to judge scientists instead of trying to understand them.
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Remole, Arnulf, Albert S. Y. Ng, Linda L. Bathe, Paul D. Padfield, Marlee M. Spafford und Mary A. Szymkiw. „Flicker Haloes Observed with Subjective Borders“. Perception 14, Nr. 1 (Februar 1985): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p140031.
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Subjective borders are known to behave quite similarly to real borders when the stimulus presents fragments of visually meaningful forms. There is less information on whether this also applies to unfamiliar stimulus elements. Thus, if a dark/bright stimulus border is presented intermittently at certain frequencies below flicker fusion, the bright border enhancement band increases greatly in width and takes on a textured appearance, resembling a halo streaming from the border. The percept is spontaneous and unlike anything experienced in real life. Preliminary observations showed that the effect occurs also at subjective borders. The extent of the halo from the border was measured for various flicker frequencies and compared with similar measurements obtained with real borders. It was found that the extent varies with frequency in an identical manner for real and virtual borders. Also, the halo was judged equal in qualitative appearance for both kinds of border. The striking similarity between virtual and real effects in this respect is best explained in terms of physiological border perception processes, possibly instigated by a cognitive mechanism.
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Shao, Yunyan, Jiaojiao Guo und Dan Luo. „Investigation on the Sex Education Status of Children in Minority’ Areas—Take Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture as an Example“. Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 2, Nr. 2 (28.04.2020): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v2n2p21.
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In order to grasp the actual situation of sex education of ethnic minority children in the border areas, this study takes children as the main object to understand the situation of sex education. 140 children aged 9-12 years in Dehong Prefecture were investigated by questionnaire. Through investigation and research, it is found that ethnic minority children have a low level of cognition of sexual knowledge, and lack of knowledge of sexual morality and sexual psychology. From the perspective of ethnic distribution, Lisu and De’ang children are most concerned about sexual related physiological knowledge, while Dai children are less concerned about it. Ethnic minority children’s access to sexual education is mainly through media, family education and learning School education comes next. And boys are more willing to learn some sexual knowledge through their friends and classmates than girls. In family life, parents talk about sexual topics with their parents and children less frequently, but most children believe that parents can give them useful help in sex, and children are more inclined to consult their parents when facing sexual questions.
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Herrmann, Richard K., und Vaughn P. Shannon. „Defending International Norms: The Role of Obligation, Material Interest, and Perception in Decision Making“. International Organization 55, Nr. 3 (2001): 621–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00208180152507579.
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States defend norms in some cases but not in others. Understanding this variation sheds light on both U.S. foreign policy and the role of normative reasoning. We report the results of four experiments embedded in a survey of U.S. elites. The experiments identified the effects of felt normative obligation (that is, the logic of what is appropriate) and concern for U.S. economic and security interests (that is, the logic of utilitarian consequence) as well as the role played by individual perceptions. We find that perceptions of another actor's motivation, of conflicts as civil or cross-border wars, and of the democratic nature of victims affect decisions to defend a prescriptive norm. This finding means that theories of international relations that feature norms as structural concepts need to consider actor-level cognition when examining the operation of norms. Moreover, we find that when U.S. economic and security interests are at stake there is a much greater inclination to defend norms than when simply normative obligation is present. Most U.S. elites appear to treat the presence or absence of U.S. material interests as a legitimate criterion for deciding whether or not to defend an international prescriptive norm.
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Müller, Karel B. „Active Borders and Transnationalization of the Public Sphere in Europe: Examining Territorial and Symbolic Borders as a Source of Democratic Integration, Positive Identity, and Civic Learning“. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 43, Nr. 3 (August 2018): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375418822894.
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This article suggests that both territorial and symbolic borders ought to be treated as specific cultural forms enabling the exercise and practice of cross-border communication. The notion of active border is introduced as a nexus of the transnationalization of public spheres and identities in Europe. Active border is interpreted as a border that supports and produces both public criticism and social integration without generating antagonism toward those from “over borders.” Contrary to active border, passive border entrenches stereotypical negative identities and cognitive foreclosures and is a significant hindrance in positive identities formation. The concept of active border contributes to the broad sociological context of Europeanization and transnational public spheres and identities formations in which questions about cultural change and plurality should be discussed. It tries to offer a novel interpretative perspective on processes of transnationalization in Europe and beyond. This article draws inspiration mainly from Edward Shils’s typology of collective identities, Erik Erikson’s concept of identity formation, and Gerard Delanty’s typology of cultural encounters.
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Galindo, G., J. Galarza, L. García, A. Padilla, A. Negrete und R. López. „Normative Data for Executive Function and Emotion Interaction Assessment in Adolescents from Rural Areas“. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, Nr. 7 (30.08.2019): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz029.19.
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Abstract Objective The present work is part of the ongoing project of examining the validation and standardization of the Executive Functions and Emotion Assessment for Adolescents with Risk Behaviors (EFEAA) test in the rural areas of Northwest Mexico. The objectives of the present study were (1) to examine the effects of age and risk behavior on emotionally interfered working memory ability, measured as performance on the Emotionally Interfered Working Memory Task (EIWMT) section of the EFEAA in a group of healthy adolescents from rural areas; and (2) to use these results to construct normative data that can be used in clinical practice. Participants and Method A total of 275 adolescents, 14.1 years old, geographically distributed among northwest Mexico were included in the sample. They were individually assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Risk Behavior Questionnaire, including: sexual risk behavior, impulsiveness, drug, alcohol, and tobacco consumption, unhealthy food intake, and physical inactivity; for measuring emotion-cognition interaction we used the EIWMT. Results Results of this study present a database supported by factors of risk behavior and working memory, which includes: predictors for conduct disorders, drug use, and delinquency, in addition to correlations between the performance of emotionally interfered working memory and risk behaviors associated to health. Percentile and normal distribution tables were generated, demonstrating that there is a high prevalence of risk behavior in rural areas. Conclusions This study demonstrates data related to rural areas in northwest Mexico, a region where adolescents are frequently involved in risk behaviors. Additionally, protective factors are understudied in Mexico-US border cities. Further analyses are needed to find reward delay skills on the studied sample as well as urban area comparisons.