Dissertationen zum Thema „Coefficient de température de puissance“
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Torres, aguilar Moira. „Development of photovoltaic module outdoor performance indicators based on experimental platforms“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA crucial factor in accelerating the energy transition towards solar photovoltaic (PV) is the improvement of accuracy in power estimations from solar installations, the main motivation of this PhD thesis. The rating of a module is done under Standard Test Conditions (STC) (irradiance of 1000 W/m², module temperature (Tmod) of 25 °C, Air Mass of 1.5) not usually found outdoors, making it necessary to study the behavior of a PV module operating under real-life conditions.This work starts by providing a case-study of the impact of environmental factors such as irradiance (G), Tmod, snow, wind, shading, and soiling on the power output of a PV outdoor testbench and a grid-connected rooftop PV power plant, both located on the campus of École Polytechnique near Paris. Based on this analysis, different filters are proposed to clean the dataset for performance evaluation. The testbench is comprised of modules of five different technologies (a-Si/µc-Si, c-Si, CIS, HIT, CdTe). The rooftop installation has a capacity of 16.3 kWp with 52 panels of 6 different models (white and black backsheet, PERC full and half-cells, Q.ANTUM half-cells, bifacial), all based on monocrystalline silicon.Then, the performance characterization of said installations is carried out, for a 4-year period for the outdoor testbench and a 3.5-year period for the rooftop installation. This is done by utilizing performance indicators like reference yield, module yield, and performance ratio (PR), along with their temperature-corrected counterparts. Monthly PR values show diverse seasonal variation depending on the module type, some of them showing a strong degradation over time.On average, there is a 5% PR loss due to temperature effect for the c-Si-based modules and about half for the thin-film modules in the testbench. The average PR during winter, considering the temperature effect, is between 89-93 % for c-Si and HIT and between 77-90 % for thin-films. During this time, losses in PR due to shading of 10 % for the black backsheet, 15 % for the white backsheet, less than 5 % for the half-cells, and 7% for the bifacial module were observed in the rooftop installation.The PR loss for the modules in the testbench led to an estimated degradation rate in %/year of -0.12, -0.30, -0.8, -0.46, -1.88 for a-Si/µc-Si, c-Si, CIS, HIT, CdTe respectively and of 1%/year for the rooftop installation.The final analysis is the experimental retrieval of the power temperature coefficient (γ), commonly used to perform temperature corrections on PV power estimations and assumed to be constant, its STC value (γSTC) is usually taken from the module’s datasheet. Thus, this work studies its dependence on G (γG) and analyzes the possibility of using γG in a PV power estimation model to improve its accuracy. This is done for different data sources of G (pyranometer, photodiode, retrieved from short-circuit current measurements, modelled from global-direct-diffuse irradiance) and Tmod (measured, retrieved from open-circuit voltage measurements). The results showed a dependence of γ on the level of G, the irradiance sensor providing the measurements utilized for its computation, and the filters used to clean the data. Using a γG calculated with pyranometer or modelled irradiances and a measured Tmod yielded no improvement on the power estimation for the testbench modules whereas one using photodiode measurements reduced the relative mean absolute error (rMAE) by up to 2.9 %, proving more adequate for c-Si technologies. Furthermore, computing γG using a G and Tmod estimated from the module’s I-V curve measurements resulted in a decrease of rMAE of up to 3.6%, a method proving to be adequate for c-Si technologies and useful in compensating for degradation in thin-film modules. However, the improvements were modest, a 1% betterment of the total power estimation for the testbench
Viverge, Pierre-Jean. „Convertisseur de faible puissance pour environnement haute température“. Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis complete study covers the analysis from 20°C to l85°C of the realisation bases and behaviour of a low power AC/DC converter. After the choice of he power supply structure, we propose rules, remarks and cautions for such type of converter for low and high temperature electronic as well. The study shows the evolution of t he convert er components and elements versus temperature. The devices are tested alone and inside their environment. In particular, we analyse the bidirectional switch behaviour versus temperature because it can induce problems if we don't apply specific rules of choice about its components. We study the 185°C running of the complete converter (using hundred components ) and we show that it is possible to use a low power converter during 400 hours at l85°C then 100 hours at 200°C
Drevin-Bazin, Alexia. „Module de puissance à base SiC fonctionnant à haute température“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2251/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of power electronic devices operating under high temperature environments is a great challenge for microelectronic industry. The objective of this thesis, supported by the HCM society (SERMA Group) is to propose a complete assemblage able to operate under high temperature. The first part of this study presents the different die attach techniques: eutectic solder alloys, sintered nanosilver and the TLPB method. The implementation for techniques was optimized via the variation of various experimental parameters by using a Fisher-Taguchi method. The as-proposed protocol corresponds to values of maximal shear stress. Moreover, an alternative solution to the substrate metallization was proposed to suppress any diffusion between the different elements deposited on the ceramic substrate.In the second part the mechanical behavior of joints under various levels of thermal and mechanical stress was studied. Creep experiments were carried out on the eutectic solders to describe the thermo-mechanical behavior of the complete module. The parameters characteristic of creep were experimentally determined. Finally, in the last part of this study the growth of Ti3SiC2 MAX phases were studied onto α-SiC substrates differently oriented by thermal annealing of TiAl layers deposited by magnetron sputtering. The Ti3SiC2 phase of low contact resistivity is proposed as new ohmic contact materials in dual n and p-type SiC-based devices. A step flow mechanism was proposed to explain that Ti3SiC2 grow, preferentially along the SiC basal planes, from a heterogeneous surface nucleation
Liu, Qiang. „Etude du comportement électrique de transistor de puissance pour l'automobile en haute température“. Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe knowledge of power semiconductor device electrical behaviour at about 200°C case temperature represents a great interest for future automotive electrical application. In this thesis, our work deals with two aspects : a study of functionality at high temperature for three types of power transistors (Darlington, MOSFET and IGBT) used by automobile (in particular for the application of transistorized injection and ignition) and a study of reliability for the "ignition" fonction at high temperature. The average junction temperature concerned by this study ranges from 30°C to 220°C. The study of functionality gives the electrical performance depending on junction temperature up to 220°C for different types of devices, Darlington, MOSFET and IGBTs, commercially available. The characteristics are affected by great changes in physical parameters of silicon with the increase in junction temperature. At off-state, the obvious increase in leakage current with ternperature is the same for the three devices. At on-state, their electrical behaviours are different for small votage bias and for current not greater than the nominal current. The measurement of drifts of electrical characteristics due to storage at high temperature, thermal cycle and thermal shock, can not demonstrate the systematic incompatibility between good functionalicy and presence of a 200°C ambient temperature. Finally, the study of the behaviour of Darlington, MOSFET and IGBT power devices, working in the ignition circuit, at 220°C of average junction temperature, has shown for each three technologies, that a characteristic may be critical for the reliability of the "ignition" function at high temperature
Blanchart, Philippe. „Thermistances BaTi03 à coefficient de température positif microstructure et propriétés électriques“. Limoges, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIMO0083.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLocatelli, Marie-Laure. „Etude du comportement électrique du transistor bipolaire de puissance en haute température“. Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe high temperature power device field concerns both the high ambient temperature applications an the systems opera ting at usual ambient temperature for which an increase in the power-to-weigh ratio is needed. In this frame, we particularly examined the electrical behaviour of the bipolar power transistor in the [30°C, 260°C] temperature range. We studied and analysed from a physical point view the on- and off-state characteristics, as also the switching characteristics under resistive and inductive load. An evaluation of the device dissipation versus junction temperature was made for each Phase of its switching operation Having left away all ageing and reliability problems, this study showed that the bipolar power transistor functionality is maintained in all the temperature range, though a perceptible performance diminution. The increase in power dissipation when the temperature is augmented leads to a limitation of the advantage of a high temperature operation of the component. Silicon, which is the sole semiconductor used for existing power devices, is personally involved especially because of its intrinsic carrier concentration and carrier mobility dependences on temperature. The analysis of the high temperature bipolar power transistor electrical characteristics, and the knowledge of the silicon carbide physical properties let us deduce the theoretical advantages of such a new semiconductor with regard to improvement of the bipolar power transistor performance at high temperature
Hamieh, Youness. „Caractérisation et modélisation du transistor JFET en SiC à haute température“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665817.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYoussef, Toni. „Modélisation multiphysique d'un assemblage de puissance haute température destiné à l'environnement aéronautique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0167/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday’s main challenge for aeronautical equipment manufacturers is to respond to the more electrical aircraft regulations. Moreover, there are many applications in aircraft area where high temperature technologies are needed. Nowadays, the replacement of hydraulic systems for electric ones leads to place the power inverters in a harsh environment, for example in the engine nacelle. The equipment is under high constraints such as high and low temperatures, wide temperature cycling, high humidity and low pressure. Combined to these environmental constraints, the new aircraft system is submitted to weight and operating cost reduction. As a consequence, efforts shall be done to reduce weight and volume of the power converter without losing its performance. To reach such a goal, the design of the converter must enable a high level of integration, efficiency and reliability. In particular, fatigue damage has a significant influence on such modules electrical power performance. And fatigue-related performance testing remains a costly endeavor for aeronautical equipment. A finite number of destructive tests can be carried out in specific facilities for a fairly low number of configurations. The purpose of these destructive tests is to investigate the failure modes appearing regarding this accelerated ageing. Therefore numerical simulations have been envisaged since non-destructive, easily evolving and usable for a high number of configurations, though needing data from experimental assays. In this study, we propose a method dealing with the main constraints for such equipment, i.e. electrical, thermal and mechanical simulation. Those three physical problems have different characteristic time and are strongly coupled with a non-trivial behavior. To optimize the resources usage and have a relevant representation of the problem, a 1D electrical / 3D thermal / 3D mechanical coupled method has been implemented over a co-simulation bus. Different time steps, different abstraction levels and different skills are used to provide predictions of the multiphysical fatigue behavior of power modules
Baazaoui, Ahlem. „Optimisation thermomécanique du packaging haute température d’un composant diamant pour l’électronique de puissance“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14490/1/baazaoui.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlanson, Dominique. „Contribution a l’étude de composants de puissance haute température en carbure de silicium“. Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe potentialities of silicon carbide are studied as a semiconductor material in order to obtain a power device able to operate in the range (1500 V - 1A). The nowadays knowledge of the material properties allows to design SiC components with the help of computer aided design, in order to meet the trade-off material/device/technology. The electrical characteristics of three types of transistors (bipolar, MOSFET and JFET) are studied with bidimensional electrical simulations (PISCES software). A power device periphery termination is needed to prevent the avalanche breakdown under high voltage condition. Two classical terminations used in silicon device (field-rings and mesa structure) are studied regarding the SiC related constraints. Finally, the etching of SiC appears to be a crucial process step in power device manuf acturing. Experimental results are presented about plasma etching in a DECR (Distributed Electron Cyclotron Resonance) etching system
Gamal, Salah. „Etude et modélisation du comportement électrique des diodes de puissance en haute température“. Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn order to evaluate the real limitations to increase the maximum junction temperature of power diodes, the electrical behaviour of silicon power diodes at high temperature has been studied and analysed theoretically and experimentally. A new method for measuring the high level carrier lifetime in the base of PIN power diodes has been introduced. Finally, a comparison between similar diodes fabricated in silicon and silicon carbide, as well as a theoretical estimation of the potentialities of silicon carbide are introduced
Msolli, Sabeur. „Modélisation thermomécanique de l'assemblage d'un composant diamant pour l'électronique de puissance haute température“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0088/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUse of diamond as constitutive component in power electronics devices is an interesting prospect for the high temperature and high power applications. The main challenge of this research work included in the Diamonix program is the study and the elaboration of a single-crystal diamond substrate with electronic quality and its associated packaging. The designed packaging has to resist to temperatures varying between -50°C and 300°C. We contributed to the choice of the connection materials intended to be used in the final test vehicle and which can handle such temperature gaps. In the first part, we present a state-of-the-art of the various materials solutions for extreme temperatures. Following this study, we propose a set of materials which considered as potential candidates for high temperature packaging. Special focus is given for the most critical elements in power electronic assemblies which are metallizations and solders. Once the materials choice carried out, thin substrate metallizations, solders and DBC coatings are studied using nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests. Mechanical tests were also carried out on solders to study their elastoviscoplastic and damage behavior. The experimental results are used as database for the identification of the parameters of the viscoplastic model coupled with a porous damage law, worked out for the case of solders. The behavior model is implemented as a user subroutine UMAT in a FE code to predict the degradation of a 2D power electronic assembly and various materials configuration for a 3D test vehicle
Mousa, Rami. „Caractérisation, modélisation et intégration de JFET de puissance en carbure de silicium dans des convertisseurs haute température et haute tension“. Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0043/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilicon Carbide (SiC) is considered as the wide band gap semiconductor material that can advantageously complete with silicon (Si) material for power switching devices. The different works across the world show a promising future for SiC in the next generation of power devices. SiC-JFET is the switch most advanced in its technological development because it is at the stage of pre-commercialization. Compact circuit simulation models for SiC devices are of extreme importance for designing and analysing converter circuit, in particular, in comparisons with Si devices should be performed. In this theses, different kinds of Silicon Carbide JFET samples were characterized at temperatures up to 225 C. The characterizations are based on the DC (Current - Voltage) characteristic measurements using a curve tracer and on the AC (Capacitance - Voltage) measurements using an impedance analyzer and on the switching characteristics using unclamped inductive load. The purpose is to establish an analytical model that is based on the physical and behavioural analysis of the SiC-JFET, taking into account the two physical channels and the influence of temperature. The model is developed in VHDL-AMS language, and validated with both steady-state and transient characteristics using SIMPLORER 7. 0 simulator. Validation of the model shows excellent agreement with measured data. The model is validated with both steady-state and transient characteristics. Validation of the model shows excellent agreement with measured data
El, Ghazouani Mohamed. „Conception d'une plate-forme flexible de vieillessement haute température pour modules IGBT sous contraintes“. Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVierron, Emilie. „Impact de l'effet centre sur la puissance“. Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066525.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSoisson, Arnaud. „Développement de polymères hydrophobes résistants à haute température pour l’encapsulation de module de puissance“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to develop new hydrophobicpolymeric materials for the protection of semi-conductorcomponents. These materials must withstand high temperature,strong electric fields and aggressive atmospheres such asmoisture. In this context, addition polyimides emerged as themost suitable polymers for the intended application. Thesynthesis of the encapsulant being made directly in the powermodules, it must be solvent free. Thus, we have developed newsolvent free synthesis routes of poly(aminobismaleimide)s andpoly(bismaleimide)s.First of all, different aliphatic diamines were used as a reactivesolvent in the synthesis of poly(aminobismaleimide)s to atemperature well below the melting point of the usedbismaleimide (m.p. > 300 °C). A first series of 3 newpoly(aminobismaleimide)s, crosslinked from 70 to 95 %, hasthus been made. From these first syntheses, 10 newpoly(aminobismaleimide)s have been developed. For 9 of them,aromatic diamines were used and, for the latter, a siloxanediamine. These results demonstrate that this process can begeneralized.Secondly, poly(bismaleimide)s were synthesized, still withoutany solvent. In order to do so, the syntheses of four newbismaleimides, liquid at room temperature, have beendeveloped. These compounds have an aliphatic or siloxanestructure in which a pyromellitic pattern has been or notintroduced. Their polymerization initiated with the suitable radicalinitiator leads to the formation of materials without the use of anysolvent.Depending on the choice of reagents, thermosetting materials orelastomers are obtained. These latter seem more suitable for thedesired application because, on one hand, the low viscosity ofthe reaction mixtures enables their application in a powermodule without any difficulty and, on the other hand, theirhydrophobic behaviour is stronger. One of them has aparticularly attractive thermal stability at 250 ° C and amechanical relaxation temperature almost out of the workingtemperature range. Therefore, this material may be used asencapsulant
Riva, Raphaël. „Solution d'interconnexions pour la haute température“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0064/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilicon has reached its usage limit in many areas such as aeronautics. One of the challenges is the design of power components operable in high temperature and/or high voltage. The use of wide bandgap materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) provides in part a solution to meet these requirements. The packaging must be adapted to these new types of components and new operating environnement. However, it appears that the planar integration (2D), consisting of wire-bonding and soldered components-attach, can not meet these expectations. This thesis aims to develop a three dimensional power module for the high temperature aeronautics applications. A new original 3D structure made of two silicon carbide dies, silver-sintered die-attaches and an encapsulation by parylene HT has been developed. Its various constituting elements, the reason for their choice, and the pratical realization of the structure are presented in this manuscript. Then, we focus on a failure mode specific to silver-sintered attaches : The silver migration. An experimental study allows to define the triggering conditions of this failure. It is extended and analyzed by numerical simulations
Bechara, Keyrouz Mireille. „Etude des matériaux isolants d'encapsulation pour la montée en température des modules de puissance haute tension“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRobutel, Rémi. „Etude des composants passifs pour l'électronique de puissance à "haute température" : application au filtre CEM d'entrée“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665819.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBechara, Keyrouz Mireille. „Étude des matériaux isolants d'encapsulation pour la montée en température des modules de puissance haute tension“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3552/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents a selection and characterization of electrically insulating materials able to assure the encapsulation for high voltage components and modules operating at high junction temperatures. This work makes a survey of the solid insulating materials that are commercially available. The initial review outlines that a compromise needs to be achieved between the material physical limits at high temperature and its hardness. So a first objective of the present study is to identify and characterize a flexible material for volume encapsulation of high voltage devices with a minimum operating temperature of 250°C. A second objective is to identify and characterize another material for surface encapsulation suitable for lower voltage appliqtions (<1,2 kV) with a higher operating temperature between 300 and 350°C. Two silicone-based elastomers with SiO2 dispersed particules, and a semi-crystalline polymer (fluorinated parylene, PA-F), are both retained for this study. The analysis of the high temperature dielectric properties, are performed for the first time on these materials. A correlation between the electrical properties and the physico-chemical and structural evolution of these materials is realized. For the study on silicone-based e1astomers with SiO2 dispersed particules, the thermal characterizations allow to determine their temperature working range from -60°C to 250°C in air. The dielectric properties have a similar behavior for both elastomers and the various phase transitions at low temperatures are identified (-150°C to 25°C). At high temperatures (25°C to 300°C) and at low frequencies, a relaxation around 120°C appears, that is related to the absorption of humidity, thus sensitive to the preconditioning of the material. It was possible to evacuate the absorbed water through a suitable annealing at temperatures above 120°C. The DC conductivity at 300°C is in the range of 10-13 omega-1. Cm-1. These low values show the interest of these silicone-based elastomers for electrical insulation at high temperatures. As regards to the PA-F, the thermal characterizations confirm that this material is stable for temperatures up to 350 °C in air. The electrical measurements allow to determine the values of DC conductivity up to 350 °C. The DC conductivity value is lower than 10-12 omega-1 cm-1, meaning that PA-F is an insulating material even at such high temperatures. Moreover the PA-F exhibits dielectric breakdown strength between 2 and 4 MV. Cm-1 up to 350°C Besides, when increasing the film thickness up to 50 um, the PA-F shows an improvement of the dielectric properties at low fields. This effect is attributed to an increase of the volume fraction of the crystalline phase driven by the film thickness. The decreases in the DC conductivity as well as an increase in the die1ectric breakdown strength are correlated to the crystallization kinetics during a high temperature annealing. This phenomenon appears beneficial for the electrical insulation properties. So the PA-F exhibits exceptional initial dielectric properties up to 350°C, offering a possible solution for surface encapsulation. Further works should confirm this with a long term properties stability study at high temperature
Camus, Julien. „Couches minces de nitrure d’aluminium à basse température pour la gestion thermique des composants de puissance“. Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ec53194b-ada6-4b9a-9152-29570f014d232.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work thesis is dedicated to the growth of Aluminum nitride thin films by PVD techniques at low temperature (<250°C) in order to ensure thermal management of power electronic devices. Physico-chemical (XRD, Raman, TEM,. . . ) and mechanical characterizations show that AIN deposited on silicon substrate at optimized conditions exhibit dense and columnar structure. AIN films are (002) oriented with a Rocking curve (FWHM) as low as 1. 8° for 2 μm thick film. Moreover, thermal measurements performed by the « Hot Strip method » demonstrate thermal conductivity of 240 W/K. M. These values are relatively high for an insulating thin film as they are two orders of magnitude higher than thermal conductivity of BCB and Si02. Such AIN films have been integrated as thermal heat sinks in HEMT transistors and Quantum Cascade Laser and significantly improve the thermal performance of these power devices. AIN thin films have also been optimized as buffer layers for GaN growth on silicon substrate. Nevertheless as AIN PVD/Si heteroepitaxy is still not reached at low temperature, defaults appear in the active GaN layer and deteriorate HEMT GaN transistor performances. Thanks to very thin (1 to 3 nm) AIN buffer layer deposited at high temperature (MBE) one has demonstrate low temperature (<250°C) epitaxial AIN growth on silicon substrate. Such AIN(PVD)/AIN(MBE)/Si composite substrates exhibit very good FWHM and a tensile stress of few GPa. GaN HEMT transistors fabricated using such composite substrate exhibit electrical performances at the State of Art and improved thermal performances
Khazaka, Rabih. „Étude du vieillissement de polymères isolants utilisés dans le packaging des modules de puissance haute température“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1454/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe trend for integration and/or high ambient temperature operation of power electronics modules induces higher electrical and thermal stresses on their components. Based on a bibliographic study that allows evaluating different structures of packaging able to operate at high temperatures, thin dielectric layers are needed in order to insulate the different parts of the module. Therefore, the aim of this work was to define the potentiality of two dielectric polymers to operate at high temperatures (the first one is a polyimide BPDA-PDA and the second one is a fluorinated parylene PA-HT), and to be used as passivation layer for silicon carbide semiconductors or as dielectric layer between and on the metal frames. In order to reach the objective, characterizations of the dielectric properties up to 400 °C at the initial time (noted as t0) were performed. Then, the properties evolution (especially electrical ones) during the thermo-oxidative aging for temperature higher than 250 °C and long periods (several thousands of hours) were controlled periodically. At t0, the films show a good dielectric strength and the breakdown field remain higher than 2 MV/cm for the thicker tested films (8 µm). The DC conductivity show semi-resistive values for the BPDA-PDA between 300 °C and 400 °C and the values vary between resistive and semi-resistive ones for the PA-HT in the same temperature range. During the aging under N2, no degradation is observed up to 360 °C for BPDA-PDA polyimide. At 300 °C in air, stability of the breakdown voltage is observed when the BPDA-PDA is aged on Si substrate, while a slow degradation depending on the initial thicknesses is observed for films deposited on stainless steel substrate (S. S. ). This degradation, related to the oxygen presence in air, affect the surface layer and is thermally activated. The degradation appears also for BPDA-PDA on Si substrate at 360 °C in air. The PA-HT films were deposited on S. S. Substrates and aged in air at 300 °C, 340 °C and 360 °C. Results show the potentiality of the material for 300 °C application, with the occurring of cold crystallization that improves the low field dielectric properties. For the higher tested temperatures, thin films (5 µm) seem to be unsuitable for long periods applications and cannot pass 1000 hours at 360 °C. Hence, based on the initial dielectric properties and their evolution during the aging, the two polymers seems to be suitable for 300 °C applications. However, for higher temperatures (360 °C), the stability in air of the two materials, especially on the S. S. Substrate is not insured. Otherwise, solutions against the thermo-oxydative aging seem promising, and thermal treatments allowing the improvement of the electrical resistivity at the initial time are proposed
Ghannam, Ayad. „Conception et intégration "above IC" d'inductances à fort coefficient de surtension pour applications de puissance RF“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621125.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleValot, Emeryc. „Contribution à l'étude des milieux aléatoires macroscopiques : composites conducteurs de l'électricité à coefficient de température positif“. Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10608.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSandid, Mohamed Habib. „Contribution à l'étude des aéroréfrigérants : comportement des tubes à ailettes à haute température“. Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/25a3d1c4-6ca4-4edb-b0f4-1e509e6f0c38.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAzerou, Boussad. „Conception, réalisation et mise en œuvre de fluxmètres thermiques passif et dynamique à base de couches minces“. Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=446c55ae-b122-4c56-bb72-917575e91ebc.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeat flux sensors are very useful for the measurement of thermal properties and interfacial or superficial parameters (thermal contact resistance, heat transfer coefficient …. ). The objective of this work is to design, realize and test two new types of heat flux sensor based on thin film resistance temperature detector. The benefits sought are lower heat flux biases and a much lower manufacturing time. As a first step we have investigated the effect of processing conditions on the electrical resistivity and temperature coefficient of metallic thin films. Then, two types of heat flux sensors were considered : passive and dynamic. In the first case, the classical heat flux sensors with normal or tangential gradient figure out to be intrusive as they are located on surfaces perpendiculary to the main heat flux direction. Heat flux sensor with wire microthermocouples implemented within the wall offers much lower thermal disturbances, however their fabrication is time consuming and there is some uncertainty on the thermocouple locations. In our work, new heat flux sensors were realized using thin film thermoresistances deposited on polyimide substrate ant it appeared that they could offer less bias than classical heat flux sensor. The second type of heat flux sensor (dynamic) is a device composed of a micro heater and a temperature sensor. The interest is the measurement of several parameters such as the heat transfer coefficient and the equivalent temperature, one application being the characterization of microclimatic variations on the wall radiative-convective heat transfer in buildings. Such heat flux sensor was realized using thin films thermoresistances and tested with success using a wind tunnel
Patel, Youssouf. „Etude d'associations MOS-Thyristors intégrées : caractérisation du Thyristor MOS et de l'Opto Thyristor MOS : Etude de la protection en température“. Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30176.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTarrieu, Julie. „Etude et durabilité de solutions de packaging polymère d'un composant diamant pour l'électronique de puissance haute température“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0113/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRequirements in power electronics are more and more demanding about materials behavior in their operating conditions. This has motivated global scale researches about other materials replacing silicon such as diamond. This study is specifically focusing on the definition and qualification of polymer materials which could preserve physical functions of power modules in severe environments. This study focuses on the durability of several polymers used for the case. This later allows to protect the chip from external environment. The choice of different studied polymers which are dissimilar in chemistry and morphology (i.e. amorphous or semicrystalline) has been made in this study. Then, a first scientific goal was to search the structures/properties relations leading to the control of the manufacturing process of semicrystalline polyimides. A second goal concerned the mechanical strength evaluation of selected materials after thermo-oxidative isothermal ageing
Dagdag, Sélim. „Matériaux et revêtements céramiques multifonctionnels par PECVD et SPS pour l'intégration de puissance haute température - haute tension“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7410/1/dagdag.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDagdag, Sélim. „Matériaux et revêtements céramiques multifonctionnels par PECVD et SPS pour l'intégration de puissance haute température-haute tension“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04582958.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe future conversion systems to be used in electric railways must satisfy high temperature and high voltage requirements. This new technology needs research of new substrates with high dielectric and thermal properties for the insulation and the cooling of the chips. In this context, two different ways were explored: a coating of AlN on conventionally sintered SiC and massive ceramics materials AlN and SiC without any additives or organic binders. They have been elaborated respectively by PECVD and Spark Plasma Sintering. The physicochemical, structural, mechanical and electrical characterisations highlight the duality between the sparkling phase and the substrate temperature on the properties of the coatings elaborated from two precursors. The study of the massive ceramics is owing to establish some relations between microstructure and physical properties, the relative density and the chemical purity of the powder used being the most significant parameters
Coduti, Giovanni Antonio Coduti. „Etude de l'interaction d'une onde électromagnétique avec un plasma d'air à température ambiante“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe indicate under the name of radar a system which illuminates a portion space with an electromagnetic wave and receives waves reflected by objects which are there. It makes it possible to detect their existence and to determine characteristics of these objects. Measurements of Radar Cross Section (RCS) carried out with ONERA show that the air intake behaves as reflectors which reflect waves radars in their direction of incidence. During this study, a number of processes was explored for the SER reduction of aircraft starting from electric discharges in flows of air around atmospheric pressure. Absorption calculs of a wave EM by a homogeneous plasma shows the importance of electrons number Ne necessary for a significant attenuation in the ionized ambient air. However, the maintenance of free electrons proves to be difficult in a mixture N2 - O2 (vibrationel excitation of molecule N2 by electrons and electronic attachment on the molecule O2). Only detachment of negative ions O2- by excited oxygen O2(a1Dg) produced in the discharge could be likely to maintain a density electronic of about 1012 cm-3. Lastly, stability problems of the electric discharges still limit the use of air plasmas for the furtivity a high pressure. However, two types of discharges likely to overcome these disadvantages were put in evidence: glow discharge negative point - plan (NPP) and discharge a dynamic regulation (DDR)
Ngueteu, Kamlo Alexis. „Elaboration et caractérisation de thermistances céramiques CTN (Coefficient de Température Négatif) à structure pérovskite Y(Cr,Mn)O3“. Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleY(Cr,Mn)O3 materials, synthesized from the ternary diagram, were studied. They are thermistors with Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) used for high temperature applications. Optimization conditions of the dispersion and the stability of the mixture were defined from the zeta potential and rheological measurements. Thus, for 40 % of solid fraction, pH 11 is convenient. The influence of grinding time was carried out. The percentage of densification varies from 83 to 95 % depending on grinding time. Structure, microstructure and NTC properties are considerably influenced by the nature of sintering atmosphere (oxidizing, reducing, neutral). B values stay between 3400 and 3880 K at low temperature, whereas they are ranging from 7500 to 10600 K at high temperature. Those B values also depend on the nature of the sintering atmosphere. Under neutral and reducing atmospheres, the order of magnitude of the resistivity at 25 °C is the same (105 W. Cm) but it is 10 times smaller under oxidizing conditions. Reoxidation of the samples previously sintered under reducing atmosphere have shown that the properties are close to those sintered under oxidizing conditions. Ageing tests have revealed that, sintered materials under reducing and neutral conditions are more stable than those sintered under oxygen. In terms of temperature, the gain is roughly 300 to 400 °C for the SPS sintering method compared to conventional sintering. The study of the compositions of YCr1-xMnxO3 has shown that, the properties of sintered materials depend on the manganese fraction
Pérez, Marie Anne. „Modèle électrothermique distribué de transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction : application à la conception non linéaire d'amplificateurs de puissance optimisés en température“. Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMontminy, Steeve. „Conception d'un robot sauteur dédié à l'exploration planétaire et utilisant les fluctuations de température quotidiennes comme source de puissance“. Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/498/1/MONTMINY_Steeve.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSetra, Miloud. „Contribution à la modélisation du laser à iode-oxygène chimique : optimisation de la puissance et influence de la température“. Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacques, Sébastien. „Etude de la fatique thermomécanique des composants de puissance de type triac soumis à des cycles actifs de température“. Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the thermo-mechanical fatigue evaluation of a new 16 A, 600 V (TO-220package), high temperature TRiAC family, used for industrial, lighting, and home appliances.We evaluated the lifetime of these TRIAC and analyzed their failure mechanisms, when thedevices were subjected to power cycling.Particularly, we analyzed the impact of a power cycling profile (with various rise and dwelldurations or temperature swings) on TRIAC lifetime. This study allowed us to define the mainacceleration factor responsible of the TRIAC package aging.Thus, we proposed a lifetime prediction model for TRIAC subjected to power cycling bycorrelating the experimental results with those obtained in simulation (ANSYS®)
Barrière, Maxime. „Assemblages de puissance innovants haute température - haute tension pour composants Si dédiés aux applications embarquées aéronautiques, automobiles et ferroviaires“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0748/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePower electronics is a changing field. The environments and operating conditions of power modules are more severe: higher temperature, higher voltage and higher current. In addition, silver sintering was introduced in power modules to replace solders composed by lead. The combinations of these developments have motivated our work. In order to improve the design of the power modules our researches purpose to increase the dissipation of power modules with a3D-vertical structure. A three-phase inverter with3D-vertical structure has been designed with a Si dice sintered. Thermal and electrical characterizations were performed and allowed to show the contribution of this technology. This study is coupled to thermal and electrostatic Finite Element Method simulations to highlight and improve the possible issues of this assembly
Lalet, Grégory. „Composites aluminium/fibres de carbone pour l'électronique de puissance“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538480.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMasson, Amandine. „Mise en oeuvre de techniques d'attaches de puces alternatives aux brasures pour des applications haute température“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759411.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlach-Malaspina, Nicolas. „Conception globale d'une pompe à chaleur air / eau à puissance variable pour le secteur résidentiel“. Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1227.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZimouche, Hakim. „Capteur de vision CMOS à réponse insensible aux variations de température“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656381.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoillot, Daniel. „Développement du concept d’autocicatrisation pour le scellement à haute température de cellules électrochimiques“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10113/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA key point for using SOEC and SOFC in the long-term is the sealant. The most sealing solutions commonly used are rigid materials, particularly glassy seals. However, they have the disadvantage of cracking in operation when subjected to thermal cycles. This is mainly due to TEC differences between metal and ceramic components and glass materials. The self-healing is a promising solution to overcome this problem. Two mechanisms exist: intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic self-healing of glassy materials is based on their softening at high temperature. We developed a formulation of viscous glass seal that exhibits self-healing properties at the operating temperature systems SOEC/SOFC. They are less sensitive to differences of TEC. The glass viscosity was estimated by hot stage microscopy and their stability under use condition has been characterized by XRD and Castaing microprobe. In contrast, the extrinsic self-healing requires no external intervention. It is obtained by the addition of healing particles in the glassy matrix. When cracks occur, the particles oxidize with atmosphere contact to form oxides and in-situ new glasses. We developed this extrinsic method from particles generating B2O3 and V2O5. These oxides, fluid at operating temperature 700-900°C, flow in the crack and form a new locally glass by reaction with glassy matrix. An in-situ test by HT-ESEM highlights the self-healing process. The formation of glass and crystal phases is characterized by Castaing microprobe and solid state NMR. A set of physico-chemical characterization was performed to validate extrinsic self-healing applicability in the SOEC/SOFC glassy seal
Pradere, Christophe. „Caractérisation thermique et thermomécanique de fibres de carbone et céramique à très haute température“. Phd thesis, Bordeaux, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001547.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuerghemmi, Ezzeddine. „Étude physique des limites en puissance des lasers à cascade quantique“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00605931.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuerghemmi, Ezzedine. „Étude physique des limites en puissance des lasers à cascade quantique“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/60/59/31/PDF/manuscrit_ezzeddine_Ouerghemmi.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work is devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of the limiting factors of quantum cascade lasers (QCL) output power. It exposes a global modeling of their electro-optical properties. Laser operation is described in particular by including the electronic structure, non-radiative electron scattering mechanisms and the electron-photon coupling along the laser cavity. This model allowed us to successfully reproduce all the characteristics (current and optical power as a function of the applied voltage) of a QCL over the whole range of operating temperatures. This model was used to calculate the electron temperature in QCL. It showed that scattering by LO phonons is the only mechanism by which the gas of electron can transfer energy towards the lattice. Elastic scattering mechanisms are sources of energy for the electron gas. Two physical parameters allow to fully describe the electron temperature in the device: the electronic thermal resistance of the heterostructure and the temperature current coupling factor. Taking into account the electron-photon coupling shows that it may influence the electronic distribution over energy levels. Therefore, the gain of the active zone of the laser is reduced in the presence of this coupling. This effect, called gain saturation, plays an important role on the output performances of QCL. Minimizing this effect can increase the maximum power output of the laser by a factor of two. This study allowed us to propose new design rules of active regions to improve the QCL output performances. The experimental characterization of some of these structures has validated the approach we have followed towards performances improvement
Abi, Tannous Tony. „Croissance de la phase MAX sur SiC contact ohmique stable et fiable à haute température“. Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0141.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe growth of Ti3SiC2thin films was studied onto 4H-SiC (0 0 0 1) 8◦and 4◦-off substrates by thermalannealing of TixAl1−x(0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1) layers. The annealing time was fixed at 10 min under Argon atmosphere.The synthesis conditions were also investigated according to the annealing temperature (900–1200◦C)after deposition. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) show that thelayer of Ti3SiC2is epitaxially grown on the 4H-SiC substrate. In addition the interface looks sharp andsmooth with evidence of interfacial ordering. Moreover, during the annealing procedure, the formationof unwanted aluminum oxide was detected by using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS); this layercan be removed by using a specific annealing procedure. Using TLM structures, the Specific Contact Resistance (SCR) at room temperature of all contacts was measured. The temperature dependence up to 600°C of the SCR of the best contacts was studied to understand the current mechanisms at the Ti3SiC2/SiC interface. Experimental results are in agreement with the thermionic field emission (TFE) theory. With this model, the barrier height of the contact varies between 0.71 to 0.85 eV
Ouaida, Rémy. „Vieillissement et mécanismes de dégradation sur des composants de puissance en carbure de silicium (SIC) pour des applications haute température“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10228/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince 2000, Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices have been available on the market offering tremendous performances. This leads to really high efficiency power systems, and allows achieving significative improvements in terms of volume and weight, i.e. a better integration. Moreover, SiC devices could be used at high temperature (>200°C). However, the SiCmarket share is limited by the lack of reliability studies. This problem has yet to be solved and this is the objective of this study : aging and failure mechanisms on power devices for high temperature applications. Aging tests have been realized on SiC MOSFETs. Due to its simple drive requirement and the advantage of safe normally-Off operation, SiCMOSFET is becoming a very promising device. However, the gate oxide remains one of the major weakness of this device. Thus, in this study, the threshold voltage shift has been measured and its instability has been explained. Results demonstrate good lifetime and stable operation regarding the threshold voltage below a 300°C temperature reached using a suitable packaging. Understanding SiC MOSFET reliability issues under realistic switching conditions remains a challenge that requires investigations. A specific aging test has been developed to monitor the electrical parameters of the device. This allows to estimate the health state and predict the remaining lifetime.Moreover, the defects in the failed device have been observed by using FIB and SEM imagery. The gate leakage current appears to reflect the state of health of the component with a runaway just before the failure. This hypothesis has been validated with micrographs showing cracks in the gate. Eventually, a comparative study has been realized with the new generations of SiCMOSFET
El, Falahi Khalil. „Contribution à la conception de driver en technologie CMOS SOI pour la commande de transistors JFET SiC pour un environnement de haute température“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770657.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlwan, Mohamad. „Contribution à l’étude de l’impact des dégradations d’origines électriques et thermiques sur les performances du transistor VDMOS de puissance“. Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe power electronics modules are required to be strongly integrated and led to their capacity limits of operation. In addition, these modules are often subjected to several thermal environments which can deteriorate the semiconductors properties, and even to destroy them. The temperature can play an essential part in the degradation mechanisms. This work consists to take into account the degradation mechanisms in microelectronics components, like Power VDMOS, on their electric performances. A numerical analysis has been performed to evaluate the thermal stress effect on static and dynamic characteristics of VDMOS power FET’s. Under thermal stress conditions, some modifications of physical and electrical VDMOS properties are observed. We analyse, theoretically and numerically, parameters responsible of these modifications. Approximate expressions of the ionization coefficients and breakdown voltage in terms of temperature are proposed. Non-punch-throughjunction theory is used to express the breakdown voltage and the space charge extension with respect to the impurity concentration and the temperature. The capacitances of the device have been also studied. The effect of the stress on C-V characteristics is observed and analyzed. We notice that the drain-gate, drain-source and gate-source capacitances are shifted due to the degradation of device physical properties versus thermal stress. In a wide field of experimental conditions, we propose, by deepened physical analyses and 2D simulations (Silvaco), to highlight these phenomena of degradation being able to cause failures of the devices and microelectronics systems containing VDMOS. We have studied the effects of High Electric Field Stress (HEFS), thermal operating, Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and Bias thermal cycling in threshold voltage and gate charge of n-channel Power VDMOSFETs. The gate charge characteristics and C-V capacitance have been investigated during stress. It is shown that the main degradation issues in the Si Power VDMOSFETs are the charge trapping and the trap creation at the interface of the gate dielectric induced by energetic free carriers which have sufficient energy to cross the SiO2/Si barrier
Zelmat, Samir. „Etude des propriétés électriques d'un matériau polyimide à haute température : application à la passivation des composants de puissance en carbure de silicium“. Toulouse 3, 2006. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/22/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to evaluate the polyimide potentialities as a passivation layer for silicon carbide power devices, under temperatures and electric fields definitely higher than those achieved in silicon based power device environment (until 350°C and 3 MV/cm respectively). In order to quantify the polyimide inherent properties, electrical characterizations were carried out in a range of temperature extended up to 260°C, on MIM structures (Metal Insulator Metal) using polyimide films cured in a standard process. The results show good electrical properties at ambient temperature and up to 180°C. However, high dielectric losses and permittivity are achieved beyond 180°C. An improvement of the dielectric and the insulation properties was however observed after an additional thermal treatment, in which the samples are slowly exposed at elevated temperatures, indicating that the material is unstable after the standard imidization cure of polyimide film. .