Dissertationen zum Thema „Cockayne, Syndrome de – Étiologie“
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Fernández, Molina Cristina. „Mechanisms of precocious ageing in a human progeroid syndrome“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS282.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissecting the molecular defects in rare genetic disorders like Cockayne syndrome (CS), in which ageing is dramatically accelerated, is critical to develop treatments, which are missing to date, and elucidate dysfunctions that are possibly implicated in physiological ageing. CS also displays a large spectrum of clinical severity which does not rely on simple genotype/phenotype correlation. This project is based on a working model established in the lab that identified CS-specific depletion of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase POLG1 leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, as a possible cause of CS progeroid defects. POLG1 depletion required overexpression of the HTRA3 protease, which was trigged by increased oxidative/nitrosative stress. Scavenging both reactive species, rescued these defects and opened the path to a treatment for CS. This PhD work: i) Contributed to the discovery that the CS-defective pathway is recapitulated in replicative senescence of normal cells, a process linked to regular aging. ii) Identified the mechanism of HTRA3-dependent POLG1 degradation in CS and senescent cells with implications for POLG1 homeostasis in normal cells. iii) Developed multiple isogenic cellular models (skin fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells and cerebral organoids) with CRISPR-Cas9 that are essential for mechanistic studies and to address genotype/phenotype correlations, in the absence of a reliable mouse model for CS. Taken together, these studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms leading to defects in progeroid CS and their links with physiological ageing. They also establish unique CS models for studying CS pathogenesis
Kristensen, Ulrik. „Immediate early repressor ATF3 inhibits transcription in Cockayne syndrome“. Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6064.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCockayne Syndrome is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disease with diverse clinical symptoms including severe impairment of physical development, cachectic dwarfism, progressive neurological degeneration, white matter hypomyelination, central nervous system calcification, sensorineural hearingloss, lack of subcutaneous fat, cataracts, retinopathy and hypersensitivity to sunlight. Cockayne Syndrome is typically caused by mutations in the CSA and CSB genes, encoding proteins involved in transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). TC-NER defect caused by CSA and CSB mutation, results in unintended stalling of Pol II at bulky UV induced DNA lesions. During the last years an open question has been, how to explain transcriptional gene-specific changes in CS cells upon genotoxic attack. Intrigued by this question, we studied extensively the transcription of two different genes: one gene misregulated in CS (DHFR), and one gene normally regulated in CS (GADD45). On the promoter of the misregulated gene, we discovered a putative CRE/ATF regulatory site, which is known to cause repression by targeting of ATF3. Using western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation we found that, in response to UV irradiation ATF3 was highly overexpressed in CS cells, and was subsequently recruited to the CRE/ATF site on DHFR promoter, thereby preventing the recruitment of basal transcription factors and inhibiting transcription of the gene. Finally, we showed that the overexpression of ATF3 could be induced in wild type cells by a slight inhibition of Pol II elongation, connecting the transcriptional changes observed in CS, to the TC-NER deficiency of these cells
Laugel, Vincent. „Etude clinique, cellulaire et moléculaire du syndrome de Cockayne“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR15786.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CSA and CSB genes, and is characterized by growth failure, neurological involvement, sensorial impairment and cutaneous photosensitivity. Cells derived from Cockayne patients show a specific defect in a DNA repair pathway (“nucleotide excision repair”). We have conducted an exhaustive study of 39 patients. We have tested the validity of the classical diagnostic criteria and proposed modifications to improve their specificity. We have identified 31 novel mutations in CSB (in addition to the 26 mutations known to date) and 6 novel mutations in CSA (in addition to the 16 mutations known to date), and we discuss different hypotheses regarding genotype-phenotype correlations
UGGE', MARTINA. „Identification of new signaling pathways altered in Cockayne syndrome“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1203362.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHarraway, James. „Interaction of the cockayne syndrome B (CSB) protein with the genome“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496908.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlupei, Marius-Costel [Verfasser]. „A DNA repair-independent pathomechanism in Cockayne syndrome / Marius-Costel Alupei“. Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155473663/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMallery, Donna Louise. „The identification and analysis of mutation in the Cockayne Syndrome B gene“. Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57982/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCostanzo, Federico. „Role of NER factors in transcription“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMutations in genes coding for NER factors give rise to autosomal recessive diseases such as Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). The phenotypes associated with these genetic syndromes spans from extreme sensitivity to UV light, with increased predisposition to cancer (for XP and combined XP/CS, mostly), mental retardation and progeria (for CS and combined XP/CS). Whether the correlation between defective DNA repair reactions and UV-sensitivity/cancer may be more intuitive, a link with neurological/progeroid symptoms is still a matter of debate. As a possible explanation, it has been proposed a connection between NER and transcription regulation. We propose additional insights on XPG and XPC roles in transcription regulation in absence of exogenous stress and how CSA and CSB orchestrate transcription arrest due to genotoxic attack. XPC was able to stably interact with NSD3 methyltransferase. Mutations in XPC also disturbed the transcriptome and the H3K36me3 distribution. Mutations in XPG deregulate gene expression and XPG is able to be recruited genome wide together with TFIIH. CSA and CSB can, as part of the ubiquitin/proteasome machinery, regulate the recruitment timing of DNA binding factors and control transcriptional program after UV irradiation. Hence, our data shed more light in NER factors role in transcription and their defective action as a cause of XP and XP/CS disorders. Additionally, our data provide explanations on the mechanism of transcription arrest following genotoxic stress and pose questions about the origins of CS phenotype
SUN, Xue-Zhi, Yoshi-Nobu HARADA, Chun GUI, Rui ZHANG, Sentaro TAKAHASHI, Yoshihiro Fukui und Yoshiharu MURATA. „Developmental Characteristics of Mice Lacking the DNA Excision Repair Gene XPG“. Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2786.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVessoni, Alexandre Teixeira. „Mecanismos de resistência à cloroquina em células de glioma humano e o uso de neurônios humanos derivados de células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas como modelo de estudo da síndrome de Cockayne“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-06102015-200543/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGenome integrity is constantly threatened by chemical and physical exogenous agents, as well as products of cells own metabolism, and capability of cells to overcome these challenges is essential to achieve homeostasis. In response to DNA lesions, cells activate a dynamic and intricate DNA damage response that ultimately results either in lesion resolution, or in cell death through apoptosis. Regardless the fate chosen, tissue homeostasis is the ultimate goal. Flaws in this mechanism are associated to an increase in mutation rates. Although it constitutes the basis of genetic diversity and evolution, it is also strictly associated to tumorigenesis and aging. In this thesis, separated in two chapters, we used human glioma cells as a model to study adjuvant chemotherapy, and induced pluripotent stem cells-derived human neurons as a model to study neurodegeneration in Cockayne syndrome, a genetic disease in which patients display defects in DNA repair mechanisms, and also premature aging. In the first chapter, we investigated the response of cancer cells to chloroquine, a promising adjuvant drug in glioma therapy, and we noticed that cellsresistance to this drug was strictly associated to its mitochondrial membrane potential values, which could be dismantled through ATR inhibition. Interestingly, we noticed that the ability of ATR to promote resistance of glioma cells to chloroquine was independent of its canonical role in the DNA damage response. We also noticed that combined treatment of chloroquine to ATR inhibition through gene silencing exerted a powerful toxic effect on glioma cells treated with the chemotherapeutic Temozolomide. In the second chapter of this thesis, we employed cell reprogramming technique to obtain, for the first time, human neurons from Cockayen Syndrome patients from skin fibroblasts. With this model, we were able to identify a reduced density of synaptic puncta, as well as reduced synchrony in the activity of the patients neurons. Through RNA sequencing, we noticed several pathways related to synapses and neuronal function deregulated in Cockayne Sydrome patients neurons. Implications for the use of chloroquine as an adjuvant drug in glioma therapy, as well as the advantage of using iduced pluripotent stem cells-derived Cockayne syndrome human neurons (instead of currently available models) to study this disease, are also discussed.
Nonnekens, Julie. „Bases moléculaires des syndromes de déficiences en transcription et réparation de l'ADN“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy are rare autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in proteins which are implicated in nucleotide excision repair and transcription. In this thesis, we examined different cellular aspects to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of these severe diseases. First, we describe the role of TFIIH and XPG in ribosome biogenesis: we characterized the function of TFIIH as a RNA polymerase I transcription factor functioning in elongation and described a novel role for XPG during early ribosomal RNA maturation. Next, we examined the DNA repair pathway responsible for repair of the transcribed ribosomal RNA. Finally, we used a novel in vivo tripartite split-GFP system to investigate protein-protein interactions within TFIIH
Huang, Hai. „Biophysical Characterisation of Two Mutations Causing Long QT Syndrome and Brugada Syndrome“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23724/23724.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKoob, Mériam. „Etude de la substance blanche cérébrale de l'enfant par imagerie en tenseur de diffusion“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAD005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a diffusion-weighted imaging application that allows water motion quantification in any direction. This technique determines brain fiber direction in each voxel, and reconstructs indirectly white matter fibers tracts in 3D with tractography. Scalar DTI parameters, such as fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), provide a quantitative analysis of brain microstructure. DTI applications are numerous, especially in the study of brain development and white matter pathologies.First, we studied DTI in the fetus. For this, we implemented a processing method for fetal DTI images, and compiled it in a software, Baby brain Toolkit (BTK) (https://github.com/rousseau/fbrain). BTK was validated on normal cases, and then applied to a brain malformation model. We also studied a case of cytomegalovirus infection with DTI.We then investigated the utility of scalar DTI parameters in a rare leukodystrophy, Cockayne syndrome. DTI allows to diagnose Cockayne syndrome, to distinguish between clinical subtypes, and to understand its pathophysiology. We showed that Cockayne syndrome was a primitive hypomyelinating disorder, followed by a low grade secondary demyelination
BRANCA, GIULIA. „Identification of a chromatin-bound protein complex whose alteration differentially impairs rRNA synthesis in Cockayne syndrome and Erythropoietic Protoporphyria“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1452904.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMota, Fernandes David. „Study of the role of NER factors in transcription regulation“. Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarby, Marie-Laure. „Le syndrome de régression caudale chez l'enfant de mère diabétique : données actuelles : à propos d'une observation“. Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25266.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeroy-Pic, Elisabeth. „Le test au CRF dans l'exploration des hypercrtisolismes“. Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11227.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoutremepuich, Françoise. „Syndrome inflammatoire et thrombose : implications thérapeutiques expérimentales“. Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28549.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQueraux, François-Yves. „Syndrome d'activation macrophagique avec hemophagocytose : à propos de trois observations“. Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeby-Defaux, Agnès. „Pathogénèse du syndrome sec associé à l'infection par le virus HTLV-1 : variants et syndrome sec ; infection productrice d'une lignée épithéliale d'origine salivaire ; étude de la régulation du promoteur de l'interleukine 6 par la protéine virale Tax“. Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT1402.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDridi, Sophie-Myriam. „Contribution à l'étude du syndrome de Williams Beuren et de la sténose supravalvulaire aortque isolée“. Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05M005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoly, Aurélie. „Rôle du système nerveux dans le développement du syndrôme métabolique : étude de l'effet du glucose portal sur la sensibilité à l'insuline chez le rat : implication des neurones NPY/AgRP dans le contrôle de la balance énergétique chez la souris“. Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077091.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral neuronal populations are involved in the regulation of energy balance. Among these, the hypothalamic agouti-related protein neurons (AgRP-neurons) are well characterized for their ability to promote food intake. Using cell-specific ablation we investigated a possible role of AgRP neurons in nutrient partitioning independent from food intake. We show that mice lacking AgRP neuron developed a non-hyperphagic obesity due to increased feed efficiency (weight gain/kcal consumed) on regular chow. At a time that preceded obesity catecholamine turnover rate was selectively decreased in the pancreas, liver, and glycolytic muscle, while it was increased in oxidative muscle. Respiratory quotient measurements revealed a change in substrate utilization towards lipid oxidation enhanced by synergistic increase in liver triglyceride synthesis and lipid substrate preference in oxidative muscle mitochondria. On high fat diet, mice lacking AgRP neurons displayed reduced body weight gain and paradoxical improvement in glucose tolerance. Finally we evidenced that Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) made by AgRP neurons is important in the central control of peripheral substrate utilization. This study reveals a new function for AgRP neurons in the coordination, via the sympathetic nervous System, of inter-organs communication and nutrient partitioning. These results offer a new conceptual framework for the understanding of obesity-related disorders
Plantec, Bénédicte. „L'ostéoporose cortisonique : évolution de la densité minérale osseuse aprés traitement du syndrome de Cushing chez 11 patients“. Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M150.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJolivert, Caroline. „Syndrome de Raynaud au cours d'un traitement par interféron alpha (à propos d'un cas clinique)“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBégin, Stéphanie. „Étude de variations génétiques et épigénétiques de gènes candidats des complications métaboliques de l'obésité“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26948.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObesity is now a major problem worldwide. Its associated morbidity is mostly related to the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia (low HDL-C concentration and high concentration of TG), hyperglycemia and obesity. However, some obese subjects remain metabolically healthy. Genetic has thus been established as playing a major role in the development of obesity and its complications. Epigenetic factors may also be involved. The analysis of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was thus done and led to the discovery of several differentially expressed and methylated genes between groups of obese affected and unaffected with MetS. The two candidate genes NMT1 and DGKZ were part of these and their associations with components of MetS were tested, as well as their methylation and expression levels.
Mourembou, Gaël. „Etiologie bactérienne du syndrome fébrile au Gabon“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5032.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFever is one of the main reasons of hospital consultations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria is the most frequently suspected cause, posing a big problem: the wrong prescription of anti-malarial drugs to febrile patients without malaria.In a context of the sporadic existence of the major viral causes of fever added to the fact that febrile patients are often diagnosed negative for malaria, this work aimed to assess, especially, the presence of bacteria in the blood samples from febrile and afebrile Gabonese people using molecular tools. The intestinal bacterial flora was also evaluated from stool samples using culturomics method.A total of 1,363 DNA extracts including 1,203 from febrile patients were analyzed. Rickettsia felis was the most frequently detected bacterium in 50 febrile patients followed by Staphylococcus aureus (26), Streptococcus pneumoniae (12), Salmonella spp (11), Tropheryma whipplei (1) and Streptococcus pyogenes (1). Borrelia spp was detected in 2 afebrile cases. Plasmodium, Mansonella perstans, Loa loa and Mansonella sp "DEUX" were also detected. The evaluation of the gut bacterial flora from Gabonese people showed that Firmicutes were abundant followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. New bacteria were discovered: Gabonia massiliensis, Gabonibacter massiliensis, Kallipyga gabonensis, Intestinimonas gabonensis and Bacillus massiliogabonensis.This work gives data enhancing the fight against the fever in Gabon
Lopez, Mejia Isabel Cristina. „Alternative splicing of LMNA gene : lessons from a new mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilfort progeria syndrome“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20077.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAging is a complex cellular and organismal process that can be influenced by environmental as well as genetic factors. A striking proof-of-concept that splicing regulation plays an important role in the aging process is provided by Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a disease caused by a heterozygous silent mutation that enhances the use of an internal 5' splice site in exon 11 of LMNA pre-mRNA and leads to the production of a truncated protein called “progerin”. The LMNA splicing defect also occurs with increased frequency in cells from healthy aged individuals and correction of this defect leads to partial reversal of age-related dysfunction. This makes LMNA pre-mRNA an attractive target for splicing-correction therapies. During my PhD thesis I have characterized the splicing mechanism responsible for progerin production and demonstrated that this process is conserved from mouse to human. I have found that HGPS mutation changes the accessibility of the exon 11 internal 5' splice site, allowing its modulation by U1 snRNP and a subset of SR proteins, namely SRSF6 and SRSF1. I have also participated to the characterization of a new mouse model reproducing human HGPS splicing alteration in the mouse Lmna gene. Strikingly, this model recapitulates all phenotypic manifestations of HGPS. The homozygous mice, where most lamin A is converted to progerin, lived no longer than 5 months, whereas heterozygous mice lived in average one year and wild type littermates up to two years. Unexpectedly, mice expressing neither lamin A nor progerin, but only lamin C, lived longer than wild type littermates mice, suggesting that lamin A and progerin which are produced from the same transcript, control critical steps of lifespan. Furthermore, initial characterization of HGPS mouse model indicated that progerin expression is deleterious for adipose tissue, establishing an unexpected link between adipose tissue depletion and accelerated aging. The new mouse model is currently being used for pharmacological modulation of LMNA aberrant splicing by antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules
Denoeud-Han, Véronique. „Le syndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White associé à l'hyperthyroïdie induite par l'amiodarone : à propos d'un cas : revue bibliographique des cas publiés depuis 1930“. Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnab, Karima. „Etude de l’expression génique de différents syndromes progéroïdes en utilisant le modèle des cellules souches à pluripotence induite“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProgeroid syndromes are a group of pathologies characterized by accelerated and early aging. One of the most studied of these diseases is HGPS, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 8 millions birth making it an extremely rare disease. We focused our attention on three different progeroid syndromes including classic HGPS, a HGPS-like and an atypical progeroid syndrome. These pathologies share many symptoms, including osteolysis, lipodystrophy, and cardiovascular alterations. These 3 syndromes are caused by 3 different mutations in the LMNA gene that encodes A- and C-type lamins, inducing production of a truncated Lamin A in HGPS and HGPS-like and production of a mutated Lamin with a p.T528M substitution in APS. We produced hiPSCs to create a model of these different diseases and investigate in vitro the physiopathology of these syndromes by comparing them to control cells. Cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells being the most impaired type of tissue, we established in vitro models in order to study the differentiation of hiPSCs into MSCs. In addition given the massive cardiovascular defects in these patients, we also investigated differentiation toward the VSMCs. Cell phenotypes were carefully characterized and we compared the transcripttomic profile of the different cell types. We identified dysregulation in genes involved in oxidative stress response and in DNA repair in progeroid cells. In addition, pathways essential for cell survival and proliferation are also modified when comparing progeroid and controls cells. Altogether, these results might explain some of the symptoms observed in progeroid patients but also reveal pathways involved in ageing
Benarroch, Louise. „Etude des facteurs génétiques de variabilité phénotypique dans les formes syndromiques d'anévrismes de l'aorte thoracique“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC339.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarfan syndrome (MFS ; OMIM #154700) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1/5000 individual. It is a multisystemic disease that affects the ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular system as well as lung, skin, and dura. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is the main cardiovascular feature that can lead to dissection or rupture of the aortic wall, the major life-threatening event in MFS. In most cases, MFS is due to mutation in the FBN1 gene encoding fibrillin-1, an extracellular matrix protein. MFS patients display great phenotypic variability, for age of onset as well as severity and number of clinical manifestations. However, the genetic architecture underlying this clinical variability is still unknown. A monogenic model underlies the disease initiation step. Therefore, we continue to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of the pathology. In this architecture model, new TAA genes have been sought. In this purpose, TAA families without mutation in the known genes have been explored by the WES strategy. A new candidate gene encoding a protein of the ADAMTS family has been identified and is currently under investigation. In addition, the team's work demonstrated that the severity of the disease was linked to modifying genetic factors associated with several architectures (monogenism and genotype-phenotype correlation, digenism, multifactorial model) that we continued to explore. These studies used an innovative strategy that identified several architectural models beyond genetic heterogeneity
Gutierrez, Robledo Luis Miguel Francisco. „Détérioration cognitive et syndrome métabolique au Mexique : une origine commune dans des facteurs synergiques, agissant depuis la première enfance“. Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21223.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFour characteristics define the specificities of the Mexican aging process : It high speed, the absence of relationship between an improvement of the economic situation and population aging, a difficult socio-political context and unique health status, in a sense that cohorts aged 60 years or more survived into old age thanks to medical support rather than because of the standards of living. A potential consequence is an increased frailty of the health status expressed in a greater tendency to develop chronic and degenerative diseases. Data was obtained from 4 health surveys in Mexico. We present the prevalence rates for dementia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and their associated factors. Our results constitute preliminary evidence about the influence of early childhood health and wellbeing on the future emergence of chronic diseases related to the metabolic syndrome. Our results also suggest an association between the metabolic syndrome and dementia's prevalence and nature. The development of cognitive reserve is limited by factors related to malnutrition in childhood and this is reflected in anthropometric markers and this underdevelopment predisposes to cognitive impairment
Gruntman, Alisha. „A Translational Pathway for Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Human Gene Therapy: From Target Identification and Animal Modeling of the Disease to Non-Human Primate and Human Studies“. eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/882.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGruntman, Alisha. „A Translational Pathway for Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Human Gene Therapy: From Target Identification and Animal Modeling of the Disease to Non-Human Primate and Human Studies“. eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/882.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZadorin, Anton. „Le complexe TFIIH dans la transcription effectuée par l'ARN polymèrase II et l'ARN polymèrase III“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759395.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIturri, Torrea Lorea. „Building a hierarchical tree of erythro-myeloid progenitor (EMP)-derived haematopoiesis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleErythro-myeloid progenitors (EMP) are developmentally restricted hematopoietic progenitors that produce the first definitive hematopoietic cells in the embryo. Importantly, it has been shown that they give rise to tissue-resident macrophages and mast cells that colonize organs during gestation and self-maintain during adult life without contribution from the bone marrow. These cells are specialized immune cells that contribute to the homeostasis of the tissues throughout steady state and tissue challenge (wounds or infections). This PhD project aimed to characterise the contribution of EMPs to the hematopoietic system of the embryo, with special focus to their niche of origin, the yolk sac. With the use of genetic mouse models, high parameter flow cytometry and single cell expression analysis, this project i) characterises the major definitive progenitor populations in the yolk sac, ii) identifies a novel pathway of direct megakaryopoiesis from EMPs and iii) uncovers two waves of EMP potential emerging at different stages. This work sheds light on the poorly characterised early definitive embryonic haematopoiesis and could have potential implications on macrophage ontogeny studies and early childhood myeloproliferative disorders
Colin, Estelle. „Identification de deux gènes, WDR73 et UBA5, impliqués dans la déficience intellectuelle sévère syndromique“. Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe prevalence of intellectual disability is estimated between 1% and 3% of the population. In France, mild intellectual disability affects between 10 and 20 per 1,000 people and severe intellectual disability between from 3 to 4 per 1,000 people. Intellectual disability is part of a heterogeneous group of syndromic and nonsyndromic pathologies with limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior appearing before the age of 18 and causing a disability. The causes of intellectual disability affect neurogenesis and / or neuronal functions. About 50% of intellectual disabilities are still undetermined. Genetic etiologies explain a large number of intellectual disabilities and more particularly the severe forms. New technologies, such as Array- Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization and next generation sequencing, have increased the diagnostic yield to 55-70% in moderate to severe intellectualdisability. Thanks to these techniques, we have been able to identify and characterize two new genes involved in severe autosomal recessive syndrome: the WDR73 gene responsible for Galloway Mowat syndrome which associates severe intellectual disability with corticosteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, and the UBA5 gene, involved in the ufmylation process in early encephalopathy
Barbier, Estelle. „Exposition précoce à l'alcool : facteur de risque dans l'addiction ? : Etude comportementale et moléculaire“. Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSeveral clinical studies have shown that early alcohol exposure is a risk factor for the development of drug dependence. Our research focused on the long-term effects of pre- and postnatal alcohol exposure on both brain function and drugs of abuse response in adulthood. This work has been done using two rat strains to take into account for the genetic influence: Sprague Dawley (SD) and Long Evans (LE) rats. The main result of this study indicated that adult offspring exposed to early ethanol displayed an increase in consumption and preference to both ethanol and morphine solutions, in sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine in SD rats and of ethanol in LE rats. Indeed, this study has shown some differential alterations induced by early alcohol exposure between SD and LE rats that may be due to interindividual differences between these two strains. The sensitization to psychostimulants was facilitated after early ethanol exposure in both strains. In addition, early ethanol exposure induced an increase in the anxiolytic effects of ethanol and the HPA axis response to ethanol that may be implicated in the increase in ethanol preference induced by early life ethanol exposure. In parallel, gene expression analysis revealed that expression of a large number of genes was altered in brain regions involved in reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Dopaminergic receptors and transporter binding sites were also down-regulated in the striatum of ethanolexposed offspring. Such long-term neurochemical alterations in transmitter systems and in the behavioral responses to drugs of abuse may confer an increase in vulnerability to addiction
Hoffmann, Jonathan. „Etude translationnelle sur les interactions hôte-pathogène : étiologie des infections respiratoires aigües et impact des co-infections sur la modulation de la réponse immunitaire innée“. Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRespiratory infections, especially pneumonia are the leading cause of death among children under 5 years-old worldwide. Advances in molecular diagnostic have highlighted heterogeneous etiologies of respiratory infections with a high proportion of viral and bacterial co-infections whose clinical impact remain difficult to assess. The translational research conducted during this thesis aimed to describe the etiology of respiratory infections and the impact of viral and bacterial co-infections on the innate immunity.We have developed an in-vitro study model of sequential infection of antigen presenting cells (APC) by the human influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and studied the modulation of the inflammatory response. The results show that APC co-infection by those two major pathogens of pneumonia strongly impacts cells viability and induces a significant deregulation of the inflammatory response. During co-infection, pro-inflammatory chemokine IP-10 is synergistically expressed suggesting a role so far undescribed for this chemokine in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. We also demonstrated that micro-RNAs (including miR-200a-3p) actively participate in the regulation of the inflammatory response by targeting the signaling pathway regulators JAK-STAT (SOCS-6) and indirectly IP-10 signalling pathway.Recently, we evaluated the inflammatory response of children aged under 5 hospitalized for pneumonia, in partnership with medical and scientific teams of Paraguay involved in the GABRIEL network. This study confirmed 1) a varied etiology of childhood pneumonia and 2) a significant elevated IP-10 serum level among children with very severe pneumonia caused by mixed viral and bacterial co-infections
Guenat, David. „Etude de la prédisposition génétique au cancer dans le syndrome de Williams-Beuren“. Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWilliams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion at 7q11.23. The case of a young girl with WBS who developed a Burkitt lymphoma at the age of 7 leads us to explore the genetic link between WBS and cancer. The study of a series of cancers occurred in WBS patients during childhood have shown that B-cell non hodgkin lymphoma are over-represented in this population since 73% cancer cases in WBS were B-NHL. The critical region of WBS was explored by array-CGH and high-throughput sequencing in normal and tumor samples from WBS patients. No loss of heterozygosity at 7q11.23 was found. ln addition, a somatic deletion at 7q11.23 was observed in a sporadic case of Burkitt lymphoma (Guenat D et al., J Hematol Oncol, 2014). DNA damage response mechanisms were then explored in primary fibroblast cell lines derived from WBS patients as well as in 293T cell line treated with siRNA targeting RFC2, GTF2/ and BAZ1 B, 3 genes mapping at 7q11.23 that encode proteins involved in DNA damage response. WBS patients cell lines have shown a defect in ATM/ ATR-dependent DNA damage response pathways (Guenat D et al., DNA Repair, article submitted). Haploinsufficiency of the 7q11.23 region associated with WBS might play a role in B-cell lymphomagenesis through the alteration of ATM/ATR-dependent DNA damage response pathways. However, these results deserve to be confirmed in mouse models that reproduce the complete genotype of human WBS. Finally, strong epidemiological data would be required to confirm the predisposition to cancer in WBS patients
Etenna, Lekana-Douki Sonia. „Etiologies virales des syndromes grippaux chez l'adulte et l'enfant et des syndromes diarrhéiques chez l'enfant au Gabon“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInfluenza-like illness (ILI) is causing mild to severe illnesses that can cause million of deaths each year worldwide. They cause epidemics annually or pandemics. The emergence of a new strain of influenza A virus (pH1N1) in 2009 sparked increased surveillance of influenza viruses. In addition, diarrheal syndromes represent a major public health problem among children under 5 years old. Few data exist on the circulation of influenza and diarrhea viruses in Gabon. In this context, a network surveillance of ILI and diarrhea virus was established in Gabon. The objective of this study was to characterize the viruses responsible of influenza-like illness and diarrhea in four major cities of Gabon.1066 nasal swabs were collected from July 2009 to June 2011. Three hundred and seventeen (317) stools were collected from children under 5 years old from March 2010 to June 2011. Viral etiologies were analyzed by real-time PCR with primers specifics of viruses responsible of ILI: seasonal influenza A and B, pandemic influenza, parainfluenza viruses type 1-4 (PIV1-4), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), coronaviruses NL63 (HCoV-NL63), HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), OC43 (HCoV-OC43), 229E (HCoV-229E), adenoviruses (AdVs), rhinoviruses (HRVs), parechovirus (HPeVs), enteroviruses (EVs). The enteric viruses were: adenoviruses, noroviruses type 1, 2 (NoV-I, NoV- II), sapoviruses (SaVs), astroviruses (HAstVs) and rotaviruses A (RVA). Genetic diversity was analyzed by phylogenetic analysis following the sequencing of the amplified fragments.Among the swabs analyzed, 61% (n = 654) were positive for at least one virus: AdV (16%), PIVs (15%), virus influenza (13%), EV (12%), RSV (12%), HRV (8%), HCoVs (6.5%), hMPV (2%) and HPeV (0,5%). Children under five years old were the most susceptible population (78%). Viral co-infections were found in nearly one-third (1/3) cases of influenza-like illness: 25% (2 viruses), 6% (3 viruses) and 1 case of co-infection with four viruses. They mainly concerned AdV (41%) and EVs (43%). The seasonality of influenza-like illness has also been showed: 70% occured during the rainy seasons. The prevalence of viral etiologies of diarrhea in children under 5 years old was 60.9% (n = 193). The virus responsible of these were: RVA (21.7%), AdV (19.6%), NoV-I (9.1%), NoV-II (13.9%), SaV (9.5 %) and HastV (6.3%). Among the AdV, the majority serotype was AdV-41 (species F), while the majority of astrovirus genotype was HAstV-1. We got a total or partial genotyping G/P for 59 patients. The strains were identified: G1P[8] (8.5%), G2P[4] (3.4%), G3P[6] (1.7%), G6P[6] (40.7%), G12P[8] (3.4%), G1 (1.7%), G2 (3.4%), G3 (3.4%), G6 (13.5%), G12 (6.7%), P[6] (8.5%), P[8] (5.1%). This work allowed the establishment of a surveillance network of viruses responsible of ILI and diarrhea in order to deal with epidemics and pandemics in Gabon. The study of diarrheal syndromes identified strains circulating in Gabon, including rotavirus affecting public health. These results allow us to consider a better adaptation of therapeutic and reflection regarding the implementation of a vaccination strategy against rotavirus and influenza viruses
Lerner, Leticia Koch. „Papel das proteínas XPD e DNA polimerase eta nas respostas de células humanas a danos no genoma“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5155/tde-20102014-103732/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway is responsible for the repair of UV photoproducts and other bulky lesions that block both replication and transcription. Patients with the rare recessive disorders Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne Syndrome (CS) carry mutations in one of the 11 NER genes, linked to repair and basal transcription. Mutations in XPD lead to different phenotypes: XP, TTD, XP/CS or COFS (Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome), a rare form of CS. XP patients have high incidence of skin cancer, which does not occur in TTD or CS patients, although ther may present neurodegeneration, while all CS and TTD patients have neurodevelopmental symptoms linked to dysmielynation. The pathology of these neurological diseases is probably associated with deficient repair of DNA lesions in nervous cells, generated by endogenous processes. Many groups including ours have demonstrated the involvement of NER in the repair of these lesions, previously thought to be exclusively repaired by Base Excision Repair. In this work we show high sensitivity of both primary and transformed XP-D, XP-D/CS and TTD human fibroblasts in response to oxidative stress generated by photoactivated methylene blue, with prolonged cell cycle arrest and DNA damage signaling. The complementation of the three different cell lines with the XPD/ERCC2 gene was able to restore cell survival. We detected important differences in repair capacity/transcription resumption after damage generated by oxidative stress in plasmid DNA, besides the activation of different cell death pathways: XP-D cells have higher repair capacity and die by apoptosis, while XP-D/CS and TTD cells have little repair capacity and activate more than one death pathway (apoptosis and necrosis). We believe these differences can be related to the patients\' phenotypes. Mutations in DNA polymerase n coding gene, POLH, are associated with the variant form of XP (XP-V). Pol n is a translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerase specialized in the TLS past CPD photoproducts, besides other lesions like oxidized bases, and in other processes like somatic hypermutation and DNA replication in structured regions. In this work we show XP-V human fibroblasts are sensitive to oxidative stress. We detected an induction of pol n after genotoxic stress in primary cells, associated with increased ability to deal with the stalled replication fork, and consequently to DNA replication restart and cell survival. In addition, we detected a difference in genomic stability in immunoglobulin genes in aged XP-V patients in comparison to both young patients and age-matched controls, showing the absence of this polymerase may be linked to increased genomic instability in these genes
Molendi-Coste, Olivier. „Effets d'une dénutrition maternelle périnatale sur la différenciation des cellules chromaffines de la médullosurrénale : des altérations précoces aux implications possibles dans la programmation de pathologies à l'âge adulte“. Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-175.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNée, Laëtitia. „Rôle de l'adénosine dans la survenue de complications hémodynamiques et rythmiques après chirurgie cardiaque sous circulation extra-corporelle“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCardiac surgery often requires peri-operative cardiopulmonary bypass (CB). . Gas exchanges and perfusion are provided for the organs excepting the heart, which despite cardioplegia, can display stress signs resulting from an insufficient myocardial protection that generates ischemia. Most common post-surgery complications are the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) often preceded by vasoplegia and auricular fibrillation (AF), most common rhythm disorder. Mechanisms involved are multifactorial but the CB-induced myocardial re-perfusion ischemia seems to play a major role. At a molecular level, adenosine could be a key actor, a ubiquitous glycoside derived from the dephosphorylation of ATP and released by numerous cells in case of oxidative stressor inflammation. Very early marker of hypoxemia and general ischemia, adenosine controls both cardiovascular and immune systems through 4 types of receptors most particularly with a vasodilator effect through the A2A receptor and a pro-arrhythmic effect documented by several fundamental and clinical studies.The objectives of our work were to demonstrate the involvement of adenosine in the appearance of hemodynamic and rhythmic complications in post cardiac surgery under CB and then to assess the interest of caffeine, a nonspecific antagonist of adenosine receptors, in the prevention of AF
Sourrouille-Gervais, Isabelle. „L'inactivation de l'O6-méthylguanine-DNA-méthyltransférase (MGMT) constitue un événement précurseur de la cancérogénèse MSI Somatic Mosaicism and double somatic hits can lead to MSI colorectal tumors Azathioprine induction of tumors with microsatellite instability : risk evaluation using a mouse model“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS365.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInactivation of MMR (MisMatch Repair) system drives microsatellite instable (MSI) carcinogenesis. MSI colorectal cancers (CRC) may occur either in a hereditary (Lynch syndrome, LS) or sporadic context. Recently, MMR-deficient crypt foci (MMR-DCF) were described in non-neoplastic intestinal mucosa of LS patients. These are morphologically normal crypts, which exhibit loss of a MMR protein, and may constitute a pre-neoplastic event in LS. In some cases of early onset MSI CRC, diagnosis of LS is uncertain because no germline mutation is identified; theses cases are considered as “Lynch-like”. We detected MMR-DCF only in LS-CRC, and the ratio of MMR-DCF was 3 times higher in adjacent mucosa than in distant mucosa. We identified MMR-DCF in one “Lynch-like” patients; this is an argument that favors LS in this patient and that suggests that screening for MMR-DCF should be systematically performed in adjacent mucosa in this context. Furthermore, this pathway of MSI carcinogenesis could be favored by an O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) field defect in the non-neoplastic colorectal mucosa, through a mechanism called “methylation tolerance”. We compared MGMT and MMR proteins expression in the same crypts in non-neoplastic mucosa of LS-CRC patients and we noted that MMR-DCF were more frequently identified in case of loss of MGMT expression (p=0.004), and especially in case of MGMT field defect. We pointed that the inactivation of MGMT may constitute an initiating step for the emergence of MMR-DCF in patients with LS
Khouri, Charles. „Pharmacologie de la microcirculation : phénomène de Raynaud, troubles trophiques cutanés et hypertension artérielle pulmonaire Drug‐induced Raynaud's phenomenon: beyond β‐adrenoceptor blockers Peripheral vasoconstriction induced by β‐adrenoceptor blockers: a systematic review and a network meta‐analysis Fluoxetine and Raynaud's phenomenon: friend or foe? Proton pump inhibitors and Raynaud’s phenomenon: is there a link?“ Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2019GREAS028.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMicrocirculation refers to the subset of the circulatory system where extracellular gas and fluid exchanges take place. It is composed of arterioles, capillaries and venules. Several pathologies are induced by a primary structural and/or functional impairment of this microcirculation: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), trophic vascular disorders and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The objectives of this work are to study, understand and identify new iatrogenic etiologies to these microvascular diseases, as well as to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of treatments used in these diseases. We therefore conducted several studies using pharmacovigilance databases, clinical trial data and the literature.This thesis work allowed us to explore the role of drugs in these microvascular pathologies, fields that were poorly studied in the literature yet. This work has allowed us to identify many pharmacological classes whose role was unknown in these diseases. The study of the pharmacological mechanisms underlying these adverse drug reactions also makes it possible to develop new pathophysiological hypotheses underlying these diseases.The treatments used in these different microvascular diseases are currently not specific and important research work still needs to be carried out in order to personalize patient care
Sallee, Marion. „Mécanismes cellulaires, moléculaires et épigénétiques impliqués dans les complications de l'insuffisance rénale chronique“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an irreversible decrease in kidney functions. Accumulation of uremic toxins is implicated in the uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome affects all organs and particularly the cardiovascular system. The aim of this thesis was to identify and understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in the uremic syndrome.The first part attempted to ascertain the existence of alternative splice events associated with CKD. Two alternative splicing were identified. The small number of alternative splice events highlighted allows us to conclude that this phenomenon does not seem to be a key event in the modulation of gene expression during CKD.In the second part of this work, we demonstrated that the plasmatic concentration of an uremic toxin, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is associated with all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events. In vitro, we demonstrated that IAA induced endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 expression and endothelial oxidative stress production. IAA activated an endothelial Aryl hydrocarbon receptor/P38MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The activation of this inflammatory AHR dependant pathway could play a critical role in the increase of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed during CKD.Our work provides new therapeutic targets. The modulation of their activation could reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease
Sacco, Raffaele. „Cockayne Syndrome B is Required for Neural Precursor Self-renewal and Neuritegenesis after DNA Damage“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25785.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRajakulendran, Nishani. „Neuronal UV-Initiated Apoptosis is Prevented By 5-Bromo-2’-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) Or A Deficiency in Cockayne Syndrome B Or Xeroderma Pigmentosum A“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/42406.
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