Dissertationen zum Thema „Cockayne, Syndrome de – Aspect moléculaire“
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Fernández, Molina Cristina. „Mechanisms of precocious ageing in a human progeroid syndrome“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS282.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissecting the molecular defects in rare genetic disorders like Cockayne syndrome (CS), in which ageing is dramatically accelerated, is critical to develop treatments, which are missing to date, and elucidate dysfunctions that are possibly implicated in physiological ageing. CS also displays a large spectrum of clinical severity which does not rely on simple genotype/phenotype correlation. This project is based on a working model established in the lab that identified CS-specific depletion of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase POLG1 leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, as a possible cause of CS progeroid defects. POLG1 depletion required overexpression of the HTRA3 protease, which was trigged by increased oxidative/nitrosative stress. Scavenging both reactive species, rescued these defects and opened the path to a treatment for CS. This PhD work: i) Contributed to the discovery that the CS-defective pathway is recapitulated in replicative senescence of normal cells, a process linked to regular aging. ii) Identified the mechanism of HTRA3-dependent POLG1 degradation in CS and senescent cells with implications for POLG1 homeostasis in normal cells. iii) Developed multiple isogenic cellular models (skin fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cells and cerebral organoids) with CRISPR-Cas9 that are essential for mechanistic studies and to address genotype/phenotype correlations, in the absence of a reliable mouse model for CS. Taken together, these studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms leading to defects in progeroid CS and their links with physiological ageing. They also establish unique CS models for studying CS pathogenesis
Laugel, Vincent. „Etude clinique, cellulaire et moléculaire du syndrome de Cockayne“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR15786.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CSA and CSB genes, and is characterized by growth failure, neurological involvement, sensorial impairment and cutaneous photosensitivity. Cells derived from Cockayne patients show a specific defect in a DNA repair pathway (“nucleotide excision repair”). We have conducted an exhaustive study of 39 patients. We have tested the validity of the classical diagnostic criteria and proposed modifications to improve their specificity. We have identified 31 novel mutations in CSB (in addition to the 26 mutations known to date) and 6 novel mutations in CSA (in addition to the 16 mutations known to date), and we discuss different hypotheses regarding genotype-phenotype correlations
Ducluzeau, Wibart Françoise. „Nævomatose baso-cellulaire multiple (ou syndrome de Gorlin) : mise au point d'un diagnostic par biologie moléculaire“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBesnard, Thomas. „Syndrome de Usher : outils innovants pour une exploration moléculaire exhaustive“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13512/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUsher syndrome is a genetic disorder combining sensorineural hearing loss (HL) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Some patients will also exhibit vestibular areflexia (VA). Clinical and genetic heterogeneity is recognized as the 3 clinical subgroups, defined mainly on the degree of HL and VA, can be caused by mutations in one of the 10 known genes. It is important to use all accessible genetic tools to identify and characterize molecular origin in order to improve the knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms causing Usher Syndrome.In this context, we have developed an exhaustive approach. In a first step, we have implemented the analysis and established the mutational spectrum of the 2 minor USH2 genes (GPR98 and DFNB31). In addition, we have developed several tools, in particular to study variants susceptible to alter splicing or lying in the promoter regions of the USH2 genes.Thanks to this work, the USH2 mutation detection rate has now been raised to 90%, similar to that of USH1.We have then designed a targeted exome of the Usher genes to be sequenced using the GS Junior system (Roche 454). The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of this new technics for a possible transfer to diagnostic facilities. Quality criteria and variant priorization were set up on a control cohort (previously studied in one of the USH gene). The study has then been extended on a patient cohort. Our results indicate that NGS Usher-exome can be used in molecular diagnostics but improvement of the reliability of the sequencing technology, bioinformatics tools and dedicated databases is essential
Murati, Anne. „Les protéines tyrosine kinases dans les syndromes myéloprolifératifs“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20686.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChapalain-Politi, Valérie. „Le syndrome des cheveux anagènes caducs est-il une maladie des kératines ? : Etude clinique et moléculaire“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDumanchin-Njock, Cécile. „Les Formes autosomiques dominantes de la maladie d'Alzheimer et des démences frontotemporales associées à un syndrome parkinsonien : analyse moléculaire et fonctionnelle des gènes PS1 et tau“. Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAkintayo, Ayodélé. „Caractérisation de mutations ponctuelles dans les domaines KH de la protéine FMRP“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27110/27110.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCécille, Agnès. „Etude moléculaire des exons 8 et 9 du gène WT1 dans le syndrome de Denys-Drash et les scléroses mésangiales isolées“. Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAury-Landas, Juliette. „Déterminisme génétique du syndrome de Li-Fraumeni : impact des mutations du gène TP53 et contribution des variations du nombre de copies d'ADN“. Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlagosklonov, Oxana. „Pathologie moléculaire du locus AZF : recherche de corrélation génotype-phénotype gonadique“. Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLachapelle, Sophie. „Identification de nouveaux partenaires protéiques de la protéine WERNER“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28276/28276.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMellaoui, Samia. „Rôle de la protéine FMRP dans la formation et le dynamisme des granules à ARN“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29529/29529.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLabbé, Adam. „Profil d'expression des fibroblastes de souris embryonnaires avec une suppression dans le domaine hélicase de l'homologue du gène Werner traité avec du peroxyde d'hydrogène“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28800/28800.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTournier, Isabelle. „Mécanismes d'inactivation des gènes impliqués dans les deux formes majeures de prédisposition héréditaire aux cancers : la prédisposition aux cancers du sein et de l'ovaire et le cancer colorectal héréditaire non polyposique (HNPCC) ou syndrome de Lynch“. Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUE04NR.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhadj, Sahla. „Effet de Simmondsia chinensis sur le diabète et les maladies métaboliques : étude in vitro et in vivo“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerbal medicine refers to medicine based on plant extracts and natural active ingredients. As the number of diabetic patient increase dramatically, many researchers have sought to evaluate the pharmacological action of several traditional plants. The jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a shrub of the family Simmondsiaceae which has many properties linked to a very rich and diversified composition. The objectives pursued during this thesis were to validate the use of jojoba in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications by evaluating in vitro the antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of jojoba and compare this extract to a pure molecule, the simmondsin, on a pancreatic beta cell line, by demonstrating the efficacy of the various extracts of the jojoba seed on a hepatic cell line following chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and finally by validating in vivo the efficacy of jojoba on rat a model of glucose intolerance induced by high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF). The results in vitro showed that the various extracts of the jojoba seed tested were not cytotoxic on the cell lines but provided protection against oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. This protection appears to be related to the inhibition of the expression of the p22phox pro-oxidant enzyme. In vivo, the study on the HFHF rat model confirmed the anorectic effect of jojoba combined with a curative effect on complications, in particular liver and kidney damage, which could be linked to its antioxidant properties. This study demonstrated the efficacy of jojoba seeds in the treatment of diabetes and its complications
Redin, Claire. „NGS-based approaches for the diagnosis of intellectual disability and other genetically heterogeneous developmental disorders“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ129/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome monogenic disorders are characterized by a vast genetic heterogeneity. In individuals with similar clinical phenotype, causative mutations can be found in one gene from a subset described as implicated in the disease. Such genetic heterogeneity limits considerably the diagnostic offer for the patients, and a majority is left without molecular diagnosis. We developed an alternative diagnostic approach by targeted high throughput sequencing (specific to the coding regions of genes of interest by a technique of exon capture) through three genetically heterogeneous disorders: Bardet-Biedl syndrome (19 genes reported), leukodystrophies (50 genes), and intellectual disability (>400 genes). In light of its efficiency, this approach has since been implemented in diagnostic routine for Bardet-Biedl syndrome and intellectual disability (80% and 25% of diagnostic yields respectively, significantly higher than those of previous methods). Beyond diagnosis, this approach allows unbiased means to assess the contribution of each gene in the disease and highlight recurrent genes, and establish new correlations genotype to phenotype, overall providing much insight in the genetics of a particular disease
Vignaux-Boraud, Delphine. „Intérêt de l'étude des cellules de Sézary : étude parallèle en biologie moléculaire par PCR des clones T sanguins et cutanés“. Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhadj, Sahla. „Effet de Simmondsia chinensis sur le diabète et les maladies métaboliques : étude in vitro et in vivo“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHerbal medicine refers to medicine based on plant extracts and natural active ingredients. As the number of diabetic patient increase dramatically, many researchers have sought to evaluate the pharmacological action of several traditional plants. The jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a shrub of the family Simmondsiaceae which has many properties linked to a very rich and diversified composition. The objectives pursued during this thesis were to validate the use of jojoba in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications by evaluating in vitro the antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of jojoba and compare this extract to a pure molecule, the simmondsin, on a pancreatic beta cell line, by demonstrating the efficacy of the various extracts of the jojoba seed on a hepatic cell line following chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and finally by validating in vivo the efficacy of jojoba on rat a model of glucose intolerance induced by high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF). The results in vitro showed that the various extracts of the jojoba seed tested were not cytotoxic on the cell lines but provided protection against oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. This protection appears to be related to the inhibition of the expression of the p22phox pro-oxidant enzyme. In vivo, the study on the HFHF rat model confirmed the anorectic effect of jojoba combined with a curative effect on complications, in particular liver and kidney damage, which could be linked to its antioxidant properties. This study demonstrated the efficacy of jojoba seeds in the treatment of diabetes and its complications
Karim, Loukmane. „Organisation sous-mitochondriale de l'aspartyl-ARNt synthétase humaine et implication dans le syndrome LBSL“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ073/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the PhD project was to contribute to the understanding of the link between mutations in the human mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (mt-AspRS) and LBSL disease, by studying the properties of this enzyme at the cellular level. Our objectives were: 1) to explore the organization of mt-AspRS in mitochondria (Chapter 1), 2) to identify the mature form of mt-AspRS after its import, and to characterize its submitochondrial localization (Chapter 2), 3) to assess, in cellulo, the impact of some LBSL-causing mutations on some properties of mt-AspRS (Chapter 3). We showed that mt-AspRS is processed into different mature forms, and that mt-AspRS belongs to two complexes likely suggesting different partners and/or functions. We demonstrated that mt-AspRS is dually localized with soluble and peripherally membrane-associated fractions. We also demonstrated that, under stress conditions, mt-AspRS is released outside mitochondria with a possible link to the apoptosis. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of some LBSL-causing mutation on some cellular properties of mt-AspRS, and showed that most mutations do not have a significant impact. This underscores the need for more studies about mt-AspRS properties, and strongly suggests a potential non-canonical (alternative) function of the enzyme
Peche, Georges Arielle. „Physiopathologie de la myopathie à agrégats tubulaires“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is a genetic disorder characterized by tubular aggregates in muscle biopsies of patients. Our team identified for the first time mutations in STIM1 as causative of this disease. STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) is the main calcium (Ca2+) sensor of the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR). Following Ca2+ depletion of the ER/SR, STIM1 unfolds, oligomerizes and migrates close to the plasma membrane (PM) to activate the Ca2+ channel ORAI1, leading to Ca2+ entry. This mechanism is the «store-operated Ca2+ entry» (SOCE). Several teams report a mutation in STIM1 (p.R304W) leading to TAM associated with other symptoms, described as Stormorken syndrome. Therefore, this work aims to assess and compare the impact of TAM and Stormorken mutations at different stages of the SOCE pathway. We show that TAM and Stormorken mutations lead to an increase expression of the protein, a constitutive STIM1 clustering near the PM, to ORAI1 constitutive recruitment and to the activation of a Ca2+ -dependent pathway: the NFAT pathway
Gong, Ya-Zhuo. „Role of salivary gland epithelial cells in the differentiation and activation of T lymphocytes in primary Sjögren's syndrome“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ100/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry mouth and dry eyes. Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) of patients with pSS express the molecules involved in immune responses and act as antigen presenting cells. Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) secrete IL-21 whose augmented secretion is a hallmark of several autoimmunediseases. Here we investigated whether SGECs were capable to induce Tfh differentiation. We report that IL-6 and ICOSL expression by SGECs contributes to naïve CD4+ T differentiation into Tfh cells, as evidenced by their acquisition of a specific phenotype, characterized by Bcl-6, ICOS and CXCR5 expression and IL-21 secretion, but also but by their main functional feature: the capacity to enhance B lymphocytes survival. OX40/OX40L interaction is a pivotal costimulatory pathway. Polymorphisms of OX40L are involved in the genetic predisposition to pSS. We therefore investigated the pathogenic role of OX40/OX40L pathway in pSS. We demonstrated that the proportion of circulating CD4+ T cells expressing OX40 was elevated in patients with pSS and correlated with systemic disease activity. In salivary glands of patients with pSS, epithelial cells overexpressed OX40L and the expression of OX40L and OX40 was respectively evidenced on infiltrating B and T cells. Coculture of T cells with SGECs increased the expression of OX40 by CD4+ T cells promoted T cell survival and proliferation through OX40/OX40L interaction. These studies demonstrate emphasizes unknown pathogenic roles of SGECs and suggests that Tfh, IL-21 and OX40L might be therapeutic targets in pSS
Mota, Elia Marilia da Fonte. „Dopamine and non-canonical signaling Phosphodiesterase 1 bridges glutamate inputs with NO- and dopamine-induced cyclic nucleotide signals in the striatum Involvement of phosphodiesterase 2A activity in the pathophysiology of fragile X syndrome“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS600.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStriatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) integrate dopamine signals mainly through the cAMP signaling pathway. Dopamine D1 or D2 receptors trigger an increase or a decrease in cAMP levels, respectively. My thesis focuses on how phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which degrade cAMP, are involved in the integration of dopamine signals in the striatum. I used genetically-encoded FRET biosensors to monitor cAMP level in real time in individual living neurons in striatal brain slice preparations. I used selective inhibitors to determine the function of each PDE. PDE1B, which is activated by calcium-calmodulin, appears as a detector of the coincidence of dopamine and glutamate signals, which is critical in the regulation of synaptic plasticity involved in reward-based learning. PDE10A shows the most prominent activity, efficiently degrading both high and low cAMP levels. PDE10A activity is required to allow for PKA de-activation, and therefore needed to transduce a dopamine signal through D2 receptors into a decrease in PKA-dependent phosphorylation. PDE2A and PDE4 appeared to degrade only high levels of cAMP, preventing large increases in cAMP. PDE2A, which activity can be increased by cGMP, also appears as a detector of dopamine and NO coincidence. Understanding PDE functions can highlight their potential as therapeutic targets in CNS pathologies. As an example, we showed an increased PDE2A function in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. Besides the cAMP/PKA pathway, dopamine D2 receptors is reported to activate non-canonical pathways. Attempts to use biosensors for Akt and ERK pathways did not provide conclusive data
Nguyen, Thu-Lan. „Correction des déficits cognitifs chez des modèles murins de trisomie 21 par un inhibiteur de la kinase DYRK1A : étude pharmacologique et mécanistique“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ124/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDown Syndrome (DS), is due to the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Ch21). Among the candidates implicated in DS intellectual disabilities, DYRK1A is one of the most relevant. Several studies have shown a correlation between an increase of its kinase activity and the intellectual defects observed in DS models. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the impact of DYRK1A overdosage on cognitive alterations, we used several trisomic mouse models expressing DYRK1A alone or with additional Hsa21 orthologous genes and specific DYRK1A inhibitors (Leucettines) from ManRos Therapeutics. We will present here the consequence of the Leucettines treatment following repetitive administration to several DS mouse models on the behavior and cognition. Further analysis of the phosphoproteome of DS mouse models treated or not with one of the Leucettine, the L41, unravels a few targets and pathways which are involved in the cognitive alterations observed in these trisomic mice. These results support the potential of more selective DYRK1A inhibitor as a therapeutic approach to improve cognitive functions in DS patients
Al, Absi Antoun. „Role of the actin cytoskeleton in breast cancer cell resistance to natural killer cells“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTumor immune evasion plays a central role in cancer progression and is a major hurdle to effective immunotherapy. In this Thesis, we examine the role of the actin cytoskeleton in breast cancer cell resistance to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cell lysis. We found that resistant breast cancer cells escape from NK-cell attack through a rapid and prominent accumulation of actin near the immunological synapse, a process we termed the “actin response”. Our mechanistic investigations suggest that the actin response drives autophagosome polarization toward the immunological synapse and thereby facilitates the autophagy-mediated degradation of NK cell-derived cytotoxic molecules such as granzyme B. In addition, the actin response was associated with inhibitory ligand clustering at the immunological synapse, suggesting that it is a common driver of different immune evasion mechanisms. Taken together, our data lays the groundwork for therapeutic approaches aimed at interfering with the actin response and restoring an effective anti-tumor immune response