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1
Culver, Julian. „How Consistency in Closeness to God Predicts Psychological Resources and Life Satisfaction: Findings from the National Study of Youth and Religion“. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, Nr. 1 (17.09.2020): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520956710.
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With survey data from the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR), this study investigates the association between across-time consistency in closeness to God and well-being. I focus on God-believing individuals who are Protestant, Catholic, or Latter-day Saint, and present across Waves 1–3 (n = 1,333). Outcomes include Wave 3 psychological resources (i.e., life purpose and personal mastery) and life satisfaction. Key predictors include two novel indicators of across-time consistency in closeness to God: (1) a four-category pattern variable and (2) a discrete numeric summary score. The pattern variable indicates respondents who become less close to God across time fare worse than those who remain consistently close to God. In addition, respondents consistently distant from God did not differ from their consistently close counterparts in terms of life purpose and personal mastery. The summary score indicates high levels of consistency in closeness to God predict high levels of life purpose and satisfaction.
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Lee, Dalgon. „Consistency Dilemma of Korean Energy Policy“. Korean Journal of Policy Studies 4 (31.12.1989): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps04003.
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This paper examines the continuity of Korean energy policy for the last 30 years and consistency of energy policy with other energy-related policies. Because energy policy environment is characterized by high level of uncertainty, long-range planning as well as skillful adaptation to changing environments are both needed. But there are costs the two different approaches must pay. Energy sector has its close connections with economic and environmental sectors. Energy policy-maker should find ways to minimize any conflict between related policies. Economic planning must be designed awaring of the constraints energy sector faces, and energy sector planning inevitably affects environmental quality. And priority among related policy areas must be adjusted according to changing situations. This paper calls policy-makers' attention to consistent policy process in the midst of favorable international energy market and emergence of green movement.
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Pires Dias, Omar, und Aziz Xavier Beiruth. „Reflections of the Consistency of the Public Sector's Financial Statements in the Performance of Fiscal Management“. New Challenges in Accounting and Finance 6 (Juni 2021): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ncaf.2021.06.02.
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The main aim of this research is to identify the relation between the level of consistency of public sector accounting information and the fiscal management performance of Rondônia’s municipalities in the period between 2011 and 2015. Referring to the methodology, it was a quanƟtaƟve research, considering that the object of analysis involves numeric calculations, related to consistency tests of accounting information and the performance of fiscal management, using statistics and having as instrument of data collection the application of ten accounting consistence rules with data extracted directly from the TCE‐RO SIGAP system. The results showed that the level of consistency of accounting information was not statistically significant to explain the performance of fiscal management. However, by adopting a subset of more homogeneous consistency rules, it was very close to a reasonable degree of significance for the alternative hypothesisto be safely confirmed.
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Karney, Benjamin R., und Robert H. Coombs. „Memory Bias in Long-Term Close Relationships: Consistency or Improvement?“ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, Nr. 8 (Oktober 2000): 959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672002610006.
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Wu, Chang Cheng, Hong Zhao und Gui Fu. „Weighting Method of Indicators for Safety Management System Assessment“. Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (Dezember 2013): 1020–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1020.
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Safety management system assessment (SMSA) was a hot point in the field of safety management practice and research. But, the weights of safety management system assessment indicators are different in former achievements. In this study, the scores of indicators in ISRS, NOSA, API and Basic Norms for Work Safety Standardization (BNWSS) were referenced to obtain the initial weights of the primary indicators for SMSA. The decision-makers preference for the four methods was settled by means of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). After Kendalls test for consistency of the four methods, the combination weighting was made considering the preference and consistence on the basis of AHP. The rationality of weighting result was evaluated with close degree. The close degree reached 91.0% which was satisfactory.
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Liu, Jialu, Deng Cai und Xiaofei He. „Gaussian Mixture Model with Local Consistency“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, Nr. 1 (03.07.2010): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7659.
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Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is one of the most popular data clustering methods which can be viewed as a linear combination of different Gaussian components. In GMM, each cluster obeys Gaussian distribution and the task of clustering is to group observations into different components through estimating each cluster's own parameters. The Expectation-Maximization algorithm is always involved in such estimation problem. However, many previous studies have shown naturally occurring data may reside on or close to an underlying submanifold. In this paper, we consider the case where the probability distribution is supported on a submanifold of the ambient space. We take into account the smoothness of the conditional probability distribution along the geodesics of data manifold. That is, if two observations are close in intrinsic geometry, their distributions over different Gaussian components are similar. Simply speaking, we introduce a novel method based on manifold structure for data clustering, called Locally Consistent Gaussian Mixture Model (LCGMM). Specifically, we construct a nearest neighbor graph and adopt Kullback-Leibler Divergence as the distance measurement to regularize the objective function of GMM. Experiments on several data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of such regularization.
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Hu, Hanjing, Jiaying He, Huizhen Yan, Dandi Hou, Demin Zhang, Lian Liu und Kai Wang. „Seasonality in Spatial Turnover of Bacterioplankton Along an Ecological Gradient in the East China Sea: Biogeographic Patterns, Processes and Drivers“. Microorganisms 8, Nr. 10 (27.09.2020): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101484.
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Seasonal succession in bacterioplankton is a common process in marine waters. However, seasonality in their spatial turnover is largely unknown. Here, we investigated spatial turnover of surface bacterioplankton along a nearshore-to-offshore gradient in the East China Sea across four seasons. Although seasonality overwhelmed spatial variability of bacterioplankton composition, we found significant spatial turnover of bacterioplankton along the gradient as well as overall seasonal consistency in biogeographic patterns (including distance–decay relationship and covariation of community composition with distance to shore) with subtle changes. Bacterioplankton assembly was consistently dominated by deterministic mechanisms across seasons, with changes in specific processes. We found overall seasonal consistency in abiotic factors (mainly salinity and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients) shaping bacterioplankton composition, while phytoplankton showed a similar influence as abiotic factors only in spring. Although key taxa responsible for bacterioplankton spatial turnover showed certain season-specificity, seasonal switching between closely related taxa occurred within most dominant families. Moreover, many close relatives showed different responding patterns to the environmental gradients in different seasons, suggesting their differences in both seasonally climatic and spatially environmental preferences. Our results provide insights into seasonal consistency and variability in spatial turnover of bacterioplankton in terms of biogeographic patterns, ecological processes, and external and internal drivers.
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D'Andria, Gilberto G., J. David Frost, Alaa Ashmawy und Kyle R. Patterson. „Potential Factors Affecting Flow Consistency Test Method for Controlled Low-Strength Materials“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1589, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1589-05.
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Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a mixture of portland cement, fly ash, sand, and water. A provisional standard for evaluating the flow consistency of this material has been recently developed by ASTM (PS 28-95). The procedure consists of filling a standardized cylinder with CLSM and lifting the cylinder by a steady upward motion, thereby allowing the CLSM to flow out and form a conical pile. The spread diameter is the average of two manually taken measurements of the base of the pile in orthogonal directions. The authors are developing a flow index test (FIT) for granular materials based on the CLSM flow test. During development of this index test, a number of parametric studies have been done to investigate the influence of material- and procedure-related factors on the test results. These studies indicate that the results obtained with the FIT procedure depend on a number of factors. Because inertia forces and surface friction coefficients are important factors for both wet and dry granular flow, the same factors are expected to affect the results of the CLSM flow consistency test.
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Zhang, Y., und R. H. C. Yap. „Set Intersection and Consistency in Constraint Networks“. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 27 (13.12.2006): 441–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2058.
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In this paper, we show that there is a close relation between consistency in a constraint network and set intersection. A proof schema is provided as a generic way to obtain consistency properties from properties on set intersection. This approach not only simplifies the understanding of and unifies many existing consistency results, but also directs the study of consistency to that of set intersection properties in many situations, as demonstrated by the results on the convexity and tightness of constraints in this paper. Specifically, we identify a new class of tree convex constraints where local consistency ensures global consistency. This generalizes row convex constraints. Various consistency results are also obtained on constraint networks where only some, in contrast to all in the existing work,constraints are tight.
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Pudlák, Pavel. „Cuts, consistency statements and interpretations“. Journal of Symbolic Logic 50, Nr. 2 (Juni 1985): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274231.
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Interpretability in reflexive theories, especially in PA, has been studied in many papers; see e.g. [3], [6], [7], [10], [11], [15], [26]. It has been shown that reflexive theories exhibit many nice properties, e.g. (1) if T, S are recursively enumerable reflexive, then T is interpretable in S iff every Π1 sentence provable in T is provable in S; and (2) if S is reflexive, T is recursively enumerable and locally interpretable in S (i.e. every finite part of T is interpretable in S), then T is globally interpretable in S (Orey's theorem, cf. [3]).In this paper we want to study such statements for nonreflexive theories, especially for finitely axiomatizable theories (which are never reflexive). These theories behave differently, although they may be quite close to reflexive theories, as e.g. GB to ZF. An important fact is that in such theories one can define proper cuts. By a cut we mean a formula with one free variable which defines a nonempty initial segment of natural numbers closed under the successor function. The importance of cuts for interpretations in GB was realized already by Vopěnka and Hájek in [30]. Pioneering work was done by Solovay in [24]. There he developed the method of “shortening of cuts”. Using this method it is possible to replace any cut by a cut which is contained in it and has some desirable additional properties; in particular it can be closed under + and ·. This introduces ambiguity in the concept of arithmetic in theories which admit proper cuts, namely, which cut (closed under + and ·) should be called the arithmetic of the theory? Cuts played the crucial role also in [20].
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Awais, Muhammad, Sybille Krzywinski, Bianca-Michaela Wölfling und Edith Classen. „Thermal Simulation of Close-Fitting Sportswear“. Energies 13, Nr. 10 (12.05.2020): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102419.
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A novel and intelligent product development approach is required in this fast-growing and advanced technological era. Therefore, textile researchers have worked intensively to create efficient and transparent solutions for complex developments by using advanced modeling and simulation tools and techniques. This paper addresses a process for the thermal simulation of sportswear by considering the human thermophysiological model and important thermal properties of fabrics, i.e., thermal resistance, evaporative resistance, and permeability index. The results of the simulation are illustrated in terms of core body and mean skin temperatures. Moreover, results are validated by wear trials showing good consistency. This study is beneficial to the development of clothing for specific sports and the evaluation of comfort and heat stress during different sports activities.
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Heron, Emma, Adelle McArdle, Md Nazmul Karim, Melinda Cooper, Donna Geddes und Leanda McKenna. „Construct validity and internal consistency of the Breast Inflammatory Symptom Severity Index in lactating mothers with inflammatory breast conditions“. PeerJ 9 (16.11.2021): e12439. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12439.
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Background Inflammatory Conditions of the Lactating Breast (ICLB) affect more than one in five lactating mothers, yet no fully validated outcome measures exist to aid clinicians in their patient-centred care of women with ICLB. The Breast Inflammatory Symptom Severity Index (BISSI) is an ICLB-specific clinician administered patient-reported outcome measure, currently used by Australian clinicians, who treat mothers with ICLB. To date the BISSI has undergone partial psychometric development. This study, therefore, aimed to undertake the next stage of psychometric development by determining the construct validity and internal consistency of the BISSI. Methods A retrospective audit was conducted on patient records of 160 mothers who were treated for ICLB, at a private physiotherapy practice in Melbourne, Australia. An electronic data capture tool was used to collate BISSI scores and associated ICLB assessment variables. Construct validity was determined through factor analysis and discriminant performance. Reliability was determined by assessing measures of internal consistency. Results Factor analysis established that BISSI items (n = 10) loaded on to four factors, Wellness, Pain, Physical Characteristics of Affected Area (PCAA), and Inflammation, which together, explained 71.2% of variance. The remaining item (‘Wellness/sickness unspecified’) did not load. Wellness, Pain, PCAA and Inflammation factors individually and collectively displayed the ability to discriminate symptom severity, as scores were significantly higher in mothers with high symptom severity (assessed via AUC close to or >0.7 and P value <0.005 for each factor). The BISSI demonstrated internal consistency with an overall Cronbach alpha of 0.742. Conclusions The BISSI has adequate construct validity, demonstrating behaviour consistent with theoretical constructs of inflammation severity, via its dimensionality and ability to discriminate symptom severity. The BISSI also has adequate internal consistency demonstrating reliability. Therefore, clinicians can have confidence that the BISSI is valid, the individual item scores are correlated, and the concepts are consistently measured.
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Lecoutre, Christophe, Anastasia Paparrizou und Kostas Stergiou. „Extending STR to a Higher-Order Consistency“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, Nr. 1 (30.06.2013): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8622.
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One of the most widely studied classes of constraints in constraint programming (CP) is that of table constraints. Numerousspecialized filtering algorithms, enforcing the wellknown property called generalized arc consistency (GAC),have been developed for such constraints. Among the most successful GAC algorithms for table constraints, we find variants of simple tabular reduction (STR), like STR2. In this paper,we propose an extension of STR-based algorithms that achieves full pairwise consistency (FPWC), a consistency stronger than GAC and max restricted pairwise consistency (maxRPWC). Our approach involves counting the number of occurrences of specific combinations of values in constraint intersections. Importantly, the worst-case time complexity of one call to the basic filtering procedure at the heart of our new algorithm is quite close to that of STR algorithms. Experiments demonstrate that our method can outperform STR2 in many classes of problems, being significantly faster in some cases. Also, it is clearly superior to maxRPWC+, an algorithm that has been recently proposed.
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Zhang, Xiangde, und Jian Zhang. „Real Sample Consistency Regularization for GANs“. Entropy 23, Nr. 9 (19.09.2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23091231.
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Mode collapse has always been a fundamental problem in generative adversarial networks. The recently proposed Zero Gradient Penalty (0GP) regularization can alleviate the mode collapse, but it will exacerbate a discriminator’s misjudgment problem, that is the discriminator judges that some generated samples are more real than real samples. In actual training, the discriminator will direct the generated samples to point to samples with higher discriminator outputs. The serious misjudgment problem of the discriminator will cause the generator to generate unnatural images and reduce the quality of the generation. This paper proposes Real Sample Consistency (RSC) regularization. In the training process, we randomly divided the samples into two parts and minimized the loss of the discriminator’s outputs corresponding to these two parts, forcing the discriminator to output the same value for all real samples. We analyzed the effectiveness of our method. The experimental results showed that our method can alleviate the discriminator’s misjudgment and perform better with a more stable training process than 0GP regularization. Our real sample consistency regularization improved the FID score for the conditional generation of Fake-As-Real GAN (FARGAN) from 14.28 to 9.8 on CIFAR-10. Our RSC regularization improved the FID score from 23.42 to 17.14 on CIFAR-100 and from 53.79 to 46.92 on ImageNet2012. Our RSC regularization improved the average distance between the generated and real samples from 0.028 to 0.025 on synthetic data. The loss of the generator and discriminator in standard GAN with our regularization was close to the theoretical loss and kept stable during the training process.
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Kanzow, Philipp, Annette Wiegand, Nairn H. F. Wilson, Christopher D. Lynch und Igor R. Blum. „Contemporary teaching of restoration repair at dental schools in Germany – Close to universality and consistency“. Journal of Dentistry 75 (August 2018): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.008.
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Vu, Thang, Haeyong Kang und Chang D. Yoo. „SCNet: Training Inference Sample Consistency for Instance Segmentation“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, Nr. 3 (18.05.2021): 2701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i3.16374.
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Cascaded architectures have brought significant performance improvement in object detection and instance segmentation. However, there are lingering issues regarding the disparity in the Intersection-over-Union (IoU) distribution of the samples between training and inference. This disparity can potentially exacerbate detection accuracy. This paper proposes an architecture referred to as Sample Consistency Network (SCNet) to ensure that the IoU distribution of the samples at training time is close to that at inference time. Furthermore, SCNet incorporates feature relay and utilizes global contextual information to further reinforce the reciprocal relationships among classifying, detecting, and segmenting sub-tasks. Extensive experiments on the standard COCO dataset reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method over multiple evaluation metrics, including box AP, mask AP, and inference speed. In particular, while running 38\% faster, the proposed SCNet improves the AP of the box and mask predictions by respectively 1.3 and 2.3 points compared to the strong Cascade Mask R-CNN baseline. Code is available at https://github.com/thangvubk/SCNet.
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Jazila, Nur Inda. „CLOSE AND OPEN TASK AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTION: A COMPUTATIONAL AUTHORSHIP ANALYSIS“. PARADIGM 2, Nr. 1 (29.06.2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/prdg.v2i1.6704.
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<p>Authorship analysis is one of the areas lies within forensic linguistics where the main task is to investigate the characteristics of a text in terms of its authorship. Specifically, authorship attribution examines the possibility of an author for having written the text by analyzing the author's other works. This experimental research addresses two problems: which author writes which text (using a closed task authorship attribution) and who writes each text (using an open task of authorship attribution). In doing so, this research uses R to do statistical computing employing both stylo() and classify() functions. Based on carried out experiments with 1-grams as a fixed variable, it is concluded that SVM algorithm may be best used in doing closed task authorship attribution for its 100% consistency, whereas for the open task k-NN algorithm may be best used since it reaches 94% consistency. In addition to open class task, stylo() function may perform better than classify() function since stylo() function provides results closer to the actual answer. As the legal system often challenges authorship analysis for not having a valid methodology, analyzing styles using stylometry and measuring the styles computationally may help forensic linguists to provide an adequate analysis for the legal system. Scientifically this research provides a framework of how to do authorship analysis computationally while practically it is projected can be used as a tool to detect plagiarism.</p><p> </p>
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Björling, Mikael, und Per Linse. „Self‐consistent‐field theory for hard‐sphere chains close to hard walls“. Journal of Chemical Physics 97, Nr. 9 (November 1992): 6890–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463642.
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Hoornahad, H., und E. A. B. Koenders. „Consistency Assessment Method for Granular- Cement Paste Systems“. Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (Juli 2011): 2178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2178.
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Fresh granular-pasty materials are considered as an intermediate class between solid and fluid. These materials are capable of showing their rheological behavior which can be close to either a pasty or granular system depending on properties and proportion of ingredients in the mixture. Therefore, quantification of such dependencies is a crucial factor in order to be able to predict the performance of this type of material. In this study a two phase model is considered in which a mixture is decomposed into a paste and a granular phase. The relation between the aggregate grading and the consistency of the mixture has been investigated for a concrete in which the pasty behavior is dominant. It was found that if the volume and property of the paste that remains after filling the space in between the aggregates in compacted state is kept constant, the consistency of a mixture can be characterized by the number of aggregates corresponding to each grain size regarding the sieve analysis test. The paper presents a modelling approach and experimental results.
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Calleja, Pedro, Francesc Llerena und Peter Sudhölter. „Monotonicity and Weighted Prenucleoli: A Characterization Without Consistency“. Mathematics of Operations Research 45, Nr. 3 (August 2020): 1056–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.2019.1022.
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A solution on a set of transferable utility (TU) games satisfies strong aggregate monotonicity (SAM) if every player can improve when the grand coalition becomes richer. It satisfies equal surplus division (ESD) if the solution allows the players to improve equally. We show that the set of weight systems generating weighted prenucleoli that satisfy SAM is open, which implies that for weight systems close enough to any regular system, the weighted prenucleolus satisfies SAM. We also provide a necessary condition for SAM for symmetrically weighted nucleoli. Moreover, we show that the per capita nucleolus on balanced games is characterized by single-valuedness (SIVA), translation covariance (TCOV) and scale covariance (SCOV), and equal adjusted surplus division (EASD), a property that is comparable to but stronger than ESD. These properties together with ESD characterize the per capita prenucleolus on larger sets of TU games. EASD and ESD can be transformed to independence of (adjusted) proportional shifting, and these properties may be generalized for arbitrary weight systems p to I(A)Sp. We show that the p-weighted prenucleolus on the set of balanced TU games is characterized by SIVA, TCOV, SCOV, and IASp and on larger sets by additionally requiring ISp.
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Ermakov, Mikhail S., und David Yu Kapatsa. „On uniform consistency of Neyman’s type nonparametric tests“. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy 10, Nr. 2 (2023): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2023.203.
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The goodness-of-fit problem is explored, when the test statistic is a linear combination of squared Fourier coefficients’ estimates coming from the Fourier decomposition of a probability density. Common examples of such statistics include Neyman’s test statistics and test statistics, generated by L2-norms of kernel estimators. We prove the asymptotic normality of the test statistic for both the null and alternative hypothesis. Using these results we deduce conditions of uniform consistency for nonparametric sets of alternatives, which are defined in terms of distribution or density functions. Results on uniform consistency, related to the distribution functions, can be seen as a statement showing to what extent the distance method, based on a given test statistic, makes the hypothesis and alternatives distinguishable. In this case, the deduced conditions of uniform consistency are close to necessary. For sequences of alternatives - defined in terms of density functions - approaching the hypothesis in L2-metric, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for their consistency. This result is obtained in terms of the concept of maxisets, the description of which for given test statistics is found in this publication.
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Statham, Peter J. „Consistency Checks for X-Ray Microanalysis at Low KV“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 712–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029639.
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This work proposes a new consistency check total based on measurement of bremsstrahlung intensity which can be used to validate analyses even when concentrations have been normalised to 100%.If elemental content of a material is unknown, spectral peaks have to be identified, either interactively, or by automatic procedures. When peak overlap is severe (e.g. Si K/ Ta M / W M, Al K/Br L), it is easy for an element to be misidentified or missed altogether and at low beam kV, some elements will not even produce a characteristic line suitable for analysis. When element identification or quantification requires deconvolution of closely spaced lines, minor miscalibration or inaccurate peak modelling produces inaccurate peak area estimates, Ai, instead of true peak areas, Ai*, and consequently inaccurate concentration estimates, Ci* . A common consistency check is to confirm that the analysis total is close to unity:
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Pereira, Paulo. „Eurachem/CITAC Guide “Assessment of Performance and Uncertainty in Qualitative Chemical Analysis”—A Medical Laboratory Perspective“. Standards 2, Nr. 2 (17.05.2022): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/standards2020014.
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Background: The performance assessment of tests that express qualitative results in the medical laboratory is of primary importance in characterization, diagnosis, follow-up, and screening. An important contribution to this type of assessment may be the publication of the Eurachem AQA 2021 guide. The text intends to principally discuss the consistency of the subclauses of this guide with ISO 15189 and CLSI EP12-A2. Methods: The study involves a literature review within the scope of qualitative tests. Results: Tables are used for crossing AQA. with ISO 15189 and CLSI EP12-A2. Conclusions: Consistency with ISO 15189 and CLSI EP12-A2 is demonstrated in the study. Introducing “uncertainty of proportion” reflects the necessity of assessing uncertainties when dealing with qualitative results.
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SOLANKİ, Pranshoo. „Performance of dredged sediments based controlled low-strength material“. Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies 7, Nr. 3 (30.09.2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1119330.
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The process of depleting the natural sources of virgin sand and aggregate makes it challenging to satisfy the demand for construction work. Therefore, in a context of sustainable construction, this study examined the feasibility of utilizing dredged sediments (DS) as a substitute for sand in non-structural controlled low-strength materials (CLSM). A total of two types of dredged sediments, coarser and finer, were collected from two different sources. Then, nine CLSM mixtures were prepared by using different proportions of natural sand (virgin sand) and dredged sediments. Each mixture was tested for flowability, unconfined compressive strength, density and excavatability. Flow consistency decreased with the amount of dredged sediments and presence of finer material in CLSM. Strength results were found within required specification for all nine CLSM tested in this study. Overall, flow consistency, strength and excavatability were found dependent on the characteristics of dredged sediments. This study showed that dredged sediments can be successfully used as a sand substitute for CLSM production.
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Mielenz, K. D. „Optical diffraction in close proximity to plane apertures. III. Modified, self-consistent theory“. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 109, Nr. 5 (September 2004): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.109.033.
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Guassi Moreira, João F., Sarah M. Tashjian, Adriana Galván und Jennifer A. Silvers. „Is social decision making for close others consistent across domains and within individuals?“ Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 149, Nr. 8 (August 2020): 1509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000719.
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Schumann, Rachel, und Carolyn Yule. „Unbreaking Bail?: Post-Antic Trends in Bail Outcomes“. Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 37, Nr. 1 (April 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2021.43.
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AbstractAddressing criticism that bail blurs the line between prevention and punishment, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously agreed “it is time to ensure that bail provisions are applied consistently and fairly” (R v Antic 2017 SCC 27, [2017] 1 SCR 509). Rather than reform bail, this decision simply reaffirmed the existing legal mandate: using the ladder principle, accused must be released with the fewest conditions necessary to prevent them from absconding, reoffending/interfering with the administration of justice, and/or bringing the criminal justice system into disrepute. We analyze 480 bail hearings in Ontario, Canada, that occurred pre- and post- the R v Antic decision. Our results reveal that justices are more attentive to the ladder principle post-Antic, such that more accused are released on their own recognizance than in the past. While post-Antic trends show a reduction in the use of certain behaviour-modifying conditions, bail supervision programs are used more frequently. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of Canada’s “broken bail system.”
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Schumann, Rachel, und Carolyn Yule. „Unbreaking Bail?: Post-Antic Trends in Bail Outcomes“. Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 37, Nr. 1 (April 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2021.43.
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AbstractAddressing criticism that bail blurs the line between prevention and punishment, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously agreed “it is time to ensure that bail provisions are applied consistently and fairly” (R v Antic 2017 SCC 27, [2017] 1 SCR 509). Rather than reform bail, this decision simply reaffirmed the existing legal mandate: using the ladder principle, accused must be released with the fewest conditions necessary to prevent them from absconding, reoffending/interfering with the administration of justice, and/or bringing the criminal justice system into disrepute. We analyze 480 bail hearings in Ontario, Canada, that occurred pre- and post- the R v Antic decision. Our results reveal that justices are more attentive to the ladder principle post-Antic, such that more accused are released on their own recognizance than in the past. While post-Antic trends show a reduction in the use of certain behaviour-modifying conditions, bail supervision programs are used more frequently. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of Canada’s “broken bail system.”
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Pethick, Stephen. „Solving the impossible: the puzzle of coherence, consistency and law“. Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 59, Nr. 4 (13.03.2020): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v59i4.522.
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Though considerable claims are made for the use of coherence in law, its meaning is routinely taken to be elusive, controversial or even mystical. Some argue that defining coherence is logically impossible. This is surprising at best, and at worst should prompt serious alarm. It is generally agreed, at least, that consistency provides one necessary condition for coherence, though the list of additional elements required is keenly disputed. I pitch the dispute further back, and argue that the agreed-upon relation with consistency is unsustainable and damaging, and arises only because of a striking methodological oversight. This oversight accounts for and resolves the perceived impossibility and complexity of coherence. Freed from consistency, I argue for coherence just as 'sticking together', and close by considering the implications of my analysis for writing that presently presses coherence into legal service.
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Fan, Yanqin, und Qi Li. „CONSISTENT MODEL SPECIFICATION TESTS“. Econometric Theory 16, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2000): 1016–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600166083.
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We point out the close relationship between the integrated conditional moment tests in Bierens (1982, Journal of Econometrics 20, 105–134) and Bierens and Ploberger (1997, Econometrica 65, 1129–1152) with the complex-valued exponential weight function and the kernel-based tests in Härdle and Mammen (1993, Annals of Statistics 21, 1926–1947), Li and Wang (1998, Journal of Econometrics 87, 145–165), and Zheng (1996, Journal of Econometrics 75, 263–289). It is well established that the integrated conditional moment tests of Bierens (1982) and Bierens and Ploberger (1997) are more powerful than kernel-based nonparametric tests against Pitman local alternatives. In this paper we analyze the power properties of the kernel-based tests and the integrated conditional moment tests for a sequence of “singular” local alternatives, and show that the kernel-based tests can be more powerful than the integrated conditional moment tests for these “singular” local alternatives. These results suggest that integrated conditional moment tests and kernel-based tests should be viewed as complements to each other. Results from a simulation study are in agreement with the theoretical results.
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Linke, Yuliana, Igor Borisov, Pavel Ruzankin, Vladimir Kutsenko, Elena Yarovaya und Svetlana Shalnova. „Multivariate Universal Local Linear Kernel Estimators in Nonparametric Regression: Uniform Consistency“. Mathematics 12, Nr. 12 (18.06.2024): 1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12121890.
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In this paper, for a wide class of nonparametric regression models, new local linear kernel estimators are proposed that are uniformly consistent under close-to-minimal and visual conditions on design points. These estimators are universal in the sense that their designs can be either fixed and not necessarily satisfying the traditional regularity conditions, or random, while not necessarily consisting of independent or weakly dependent random variables. With regard to the design elements, only dense filling of the regression function domain with the design points without any specification of their correlation is assumed. This study extends the dense data methodology and main results of the authors’ previous work for the case of regression functions of several variables.
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Cardina, John, Aubrey C. Mixon und Glenn R. Wehtje. „Low-Cost Weed Control Systems for Close-Row Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)“. Weed Science 35, Nr. 5 (September 1987): 700–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500060835.
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Weed control, yield, quality, and net return in reduced-cost and standard weed control systems were studied in “Sunbelt runner’ peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.) planted in a twin-row pattern in 1982 to 85 at Tifton, GA, and 1982 to 84 at Headland, AL. Reduced herbicide rates and/or less expensive herbicides were used to decrease weed control costs. In years and locations where weed populations were low there were no differences in weed control, crop yield, or quality. The lowest cost treatment, which included three applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), caused reduced weed control at both locations in 1982 and reduced yield in 1982 and 1984. None of the systems consistently resulted in the highest weed control, crop yield, or quality. A system including reduced rates of preplant-incorporated herbicides followed by two applications of paraquat performed as well as the standard system but cost about 40% less. Due to low cost and generally high yields this system resulted in consistently high net returns. Results indicate that the potential exists for reducing herbicide inputs without sacrificing yield or quality.
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Bahar, Arviane Dahniarny, Yogi Maringgi und Fahria Syawal. „Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Instagram dalam Membangun Personal Branding“. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4, Nr. 1 (26.05.2022): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v4i1.3547.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the use of Instagram social media in building Personal Branding from Doctor Ayman Alatas. This research method is a qualitative method by analyzing @aymanlatas Instagram content. The researcher describes the personal branding process by using the personal branding concept proposed by Robert Montoya. The results showed that there were three types of content uploaded by Doctor Ayman Alatas. The content is, a) content regarding daily activities, namely in carrying out their activities as a model as well as a doctor; b) content related to education on health issues; c) entertainment content. The personal branding aspect carried out by Doctor Ayman Alatas consists of 8 aspects as follows, a) specialization; b) consistency; c) differentiation; d) leadership; e) personality; f) unity; g) constancy; h) good intentions. In conclusion, from these eight aspects, Doctor Ayman shows that he wants to be known as a young millennial doctor who is witty, close to his family, has broad abilities in the health sector and also shows his Arabic blood. This was then consistently demonstrated by Doctor Ayman Alatas in the content uploaded on Instagram.
Keywords: Ayman Alatas, Young Doctor, Instagram, Social Media, Personal Branding
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Almodóvar-Rivera, Israel A., und Luis R. Pericchi-Guerra. „An Objective and Robust Bayes Factor for the Hypothesis Test One Sample and Two Population Means“. Entropy 26, Nr. 1 (20.01.2024): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26010088.
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It has been over 100 years since the discovery of one of the most fundamental statistical tests: the Student’s t test. However, reliable conventional and objective Bayesian procedures are still essential for routine practice. In this work, we proposed an objective and robust Bayesian approach for hypothesis testing for one-sample and two-sample mean comparisons when the assumption of equal variances holds. The newly proposed Bayes factors are based on the intrinsic and Berger robust prior. Additionally, we introduced a corrected version of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), denoted BIC-TESS, which is based on the effective sample size (TESS), for comparing two population means. We studied our developed Bayes factors in several simulation experiments for hypothesis testing. Our methodologies consistently provided strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis in the case of equal means and variances. Finally, we applied the methodology to the original Gosset sleep data, concluding strong evidence favoring the hypothesis that the average sleep hours differed between the two treatments. These methodologies exhibit finite sample consistency and demonstrate consistent qualitative behavior, proving reasonably close to each other in practice, particularly for moderate to large sample sizes.
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Fan, Zimo. „Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Artic Sea Ice: Predictions from CMIP6 Models Amid Global Climate Change“. Academic Journal of Science and Technology 8, Nr. 1 (21.11.2023): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v8i1.14003.
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Amid global climate change urgency, accurate model predictions are paramount for informed interventions. However, the disparity among prediction models highlights a pressing research gap requiring a deeper and more comprehensive comparison of the differences and consistency of the different models in climate change prediction. This research undertook a comprehensive analysis of 18 CMIP-6 models, aiming to provide a comprehensive comparison and cohesive prediction of ice mass and ice area from 1960 to 2050. The models consistently forecast a substantial decline in Arctic ice coverage and volume. Without marked reductions in carbon emissions, Arctic glaciers are projected to vanish entirely by the close of the century. Furthermore, the correlation analysis results indicate that there is a significant interdependence between sea ice area and sea ice mass was observed, with Pearson R2 approximately 0.908. Notably, models varied regarding the precise year of the Arctic's complete ice loss, spotlighting the inherent uncertainties of current predictions and the pressing need for mitigation measures. The study illuminates the pressing urgency for a globally coordinated response to carbon emissions and serves as a clarion call for enhanced research into the intricacies of climate change and glacier melting processes to refine future predictions.
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Jiménez Sánchez, Carolina. „EU, Trading and human rights: consistent framework?“ Age of Human Rights Journal, Nr. 17 (17.12.2021): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.v17.6124.
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The relationship between European Union and International Human Rights Law has not always been close. The global projection of the EU, specially, its interest in becoming a leader in international trade, is facing its negative impact in some territories, specially those affected by human rights violation or negation of fundamental rules of International Law, such as ius cogens self-determination of people. This paper will examine to what extend the practice of the European Union trading with occupying and administrative powers in some territories could jeopardise its compliance with its own values and principles.
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Li, Jialong, Zhonghua Guo, Jiahao He, Xiaoyan Ma und Jing Ma. „A Knowledge Graph Embedding Model Based on Cyclic Consistency—Cyclic_CKGE“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 22 (16.11.2023): 12380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212380.
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Most of the existing medical knowledge maps are incomplete and need to be completed/predicted to obtain a complete knowledge map. To solve this problem, we propose a knowledge graph embedding model (Cyclic_CKGE) based on cyclic consistency. The model first uses the “graph” constructed with the head entity and relationship to predict the tail entity, and then uses the “inverse graph” constructed with the tail entity and relationship to predict the head entity. Finally, the semantic space distance between the head entity and the original head entity should be very close, which solves the reversibility problem of the network. The Cyclic_CKGE model with a parameter of 0.46 M has the best results on FB15k-237, reaching 0.425 Hits@10. Compared with the best model R-GCN, its parameter exceeds 8 M and reaches 0.417 Hits@10. Overall, Cyclic_CKGE’s parametric efficiency is more than 17 times that of R-GCNs and more than 8 times that of DistMult. In order to better show the practical application of the model, we construct a visual medical information platform based on a medical knowledge map. The platform has three kinds of disease information retrieval methods: conditional query, path query and multi-symptom disease inference. This provides a theoretical method and a practical example for realizing knowledge graph visualization.
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Azhar, Anis Nurshafiqah, und Nor Mazlina Ghazali. „Reliability Analysis of an Instrument: A Preliminary Study of Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) among Counsellor Trainees in a University“. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 6, Nr. 1 (31.03.2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.1651.2020.
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The study aims to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of Experience in Close Relationship among counsellor trainees in one of the local universities. The questionnaire had 36 items that were tested on 58 students from Bachelor of Counselling with Honours program. The Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) is used to assess attachment styles. The ECR assesses individual on two sub-scale of attachment which are attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. This study presented listed items and internal consistency reliability analysis of Experience in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) in Malaysian context. The explanation on the items and reliability analysis represents the appropriateness of the instrument to trainee counsellors from public universities. The two sub-scale showed high reliability analysis. The reliability values of two sub-scale are reported respectively as following (i) attachment anxiety α = .86; and (ii) attachment avoidance α = .93. The instrument is reliable for assessing the attachment styles towards counsellor trainees at public universities. Therefore, the results from the pilot study showed that the questionnaire can be used without any modification in the actual study.
Keywords: Reliability; Experience in Close Relationship Scale; Counsellor Trainees; Preliminary study
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Shulman, Shmuel, und Danielle Knafo. „Balancing Closeness and Individuality in Adolescent Close Relationships“. International Journal of Behavioral Development 21, Nr. 4 (November 1997): 687–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597384622.
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A systemic perspective is adapted in this account of close friendships and romantic relationships in adolescence. Data from a series of studies conducted on dyads of close friends and romantic partners illustrate how, in each relationship, partners simultaneously negotiate closeness and the expression of individual needs. Two relational types—interdependent and disengaged—were consistently found across all adolescent age groups. Interdependent partners were clearly capable of co-operation. Disengaged partners, although they identified each other as closest friends, appeared incapable of restraining competition to act co-operatively. Differences between the two friendship types were evident at each developmental stage. A three-stage developmental model of adolescent friendship is proposed based on age-related issues as reflected in the two relational types.
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Zhironkin, Sergey, und Michal Cehlár. „Coal Mining Sustainable Development: Economics and Technological Outlook“. Energies 14, Nr. 16 (16.08.2021): 5029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165029.
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The modern paradigm of sustainable development is based on concepts and theories in which the needs of individuals and society, the limits of economic growth and the balance of industrial and natural systems are close to consistency [...]
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ERDAL, H., und S. KORUCUK. „EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS CAUSING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY BY FULL CONSISTENCY METHOD“. Eurasian Research Journal 6, Nr. 2 (30.04.2024): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2024.2-03.
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Juvenile delinquency is the consequence of complex and comprehensive interactions with multiple risk factors. The experimental research highlighted that the public authorities have conducted tremendous efforts to determine juveniles at risk of delinquency and the factors related to delinquency, as well. Nevertheless, the basic research gap is to investigate which risk factor is more significant than others for allocating the limited resources and efforts. To close this gap, in this study, the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) was utilized to determine the significance degrees of factors that cause juvenile delinquency. The findings indicate that the most significant risk factors causing juvenile delinquency are out and away “Family” and “Economic and Social Factors Relevant factors are of vital importance in determining both the social aspects and broader perspective on juvenile delinquency. In the planning phase of strategies to be developed for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, it is defined, which risk factor may be focused on to what extent, and which risk factor should be allocated more resources and effort to prevent juvenile delinquency more effectively. Besides, it has been concluded that the FUCOM method can be utilized effectively for juvenile delinquency decision-making analysis.
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Yi, Q., Q. Qize, L. Ke und L. Xuechun. „Calculation of design flood for regions with no data but influencedby warping dam projects“. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (07.05.2015): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-281-2015.
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Abstract. Construction of warping dams destroys the consistency of annual maximum discharge series, which makes it difficult to calculate design floods, and even harder to calculate design floods in regions with no data. In this paper, an approach including consistency handling and regional formulae for statistical parameters was proposed to solve the problem encountered in calculation of design flood in no data regions influenced by warping dam projects. Analysis showed that the calculation results of such an approach are close to the actual situations and the approach has flexibility.
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CONSTANTINESCU, Natalia, Fabien BACRO und Margareta DINCĂ. „"A Romanian Version of the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale – Short Form (ECR-S) Measure of Adult Attachment"“. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 22, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2022.1.6.
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The present research objective is to adapt the 12-item Experiences in Close Relationship Scale – Short Form (ECR-S) on the Romanian population. This self-report scale is used to assess adult attachment, by two dimensions: Anxiety and Avoidance. The psychometric properties of the instrument were assessed in a cross-sectional approach, by examining the reliability (in terms of internal consistency, as well as test-retest reliability), factor structure, convergent and predictive validity, in a sample from general population. A total number of 440 participants, aged 18 to 71 years-old, filled out a socio-demographics data sheet, the ECR-S and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The incomplete questionnaires were removed, resulting in a final number of 421 participants for the analysis. Results indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach`s alpha coefficients 0.79, 0.73, McDonald`s omega coefficients 0.80, 0.74) and good test-retest reliability over 2-weeks period (Spearman coefficients 0.86, 0.74) for both subscales (Anxiety and Avoidance). The confirmatory analysis revealed a bifactorial structure, with 11 items. Results confirmed convergent and predictive validity. Influence of socio-demographic variables was also assessed. The results indicate that the Romanian version of ECR-S has good psychometric properties, being a suitable instrument for assessing adult attachment.
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Colás-Bravo, Pilar, Salvador Reyes-de-Cózar und Jesús Conde-Jiménez. „Validación de la escala multifactorial mixta de engagement educativo (EMMEE)“. Anales de Psicología 37, Nr. 2 (25.04.2021): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.338741.
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Actualmente, el engagement educativo se considera uno de los factores más importantes a la hora de predecir un buen aprendizaje por parte de los estudiantes, así como su éxito educativo. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los instrumentos descritos, no incluyen todos los factores clave vinculados al engagement académico: motivaciones, valores, contextos de aprendizaje, estado emocional y estrategias de gestión. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar una escala para valorar el nivel de engagement educativo de los estudiantes en Educación Superior (EMMEE) que supere esta limitación. Método: Se realizan análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio, así como un estudio de la consistencia interna, validez convergente y discriminante en una muestra de 764 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (España), perteneciente a todas las áreas de saber y los diferentes cursos de grados. Resultados: Se explora y se confirma con muy buen nivel de ajuste una estructura multifactorial de engagement educativo de cinco factores que explican una varianza cercana al 65.78%, con una excelente consistencia interna (α = .91) y con indicios significativos de validez convergente y discriminante. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la EMMEE es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir el nivel de engagement de las aulas, así como mejorar el entendimiento del constructo a través de sus factores. Today, educational engagement is considered one of the most important factors in predicting good student learning and educational success. However, most of the instruments described do not include all the key factors linked to academic engagement: motivations, values, learning contexts, emotional state and management strategies. The aim of this study is to develop a scale to assess the level of educational engagement in Higher Education students (MMSEE) that overcomes this limitation. Methods: Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses, as well as a study of internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, were carried out on a sample of 764 students from the University of Seville (Spain), belonging to all areas of knowledge and different degree courses. Results: A multifactorial structure of educational engagement with five factors that explain a variance close to 65.78%, with an excellent internal consistency (α = .91) and with significant indicators of convergent and discriminant validity is explored and confirmed with a very good level of adjustment. Conclusions: It is concluded that MMSEE is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the level of engagement of classrooms, as well as to improve the understanding of the construct through its factors.
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PUGLIESE, ANDREA. „Contact Matrices for Multipopulation Epidemic Models: How to Build a Consistent Matrix Close to Data“. Mathematical Medicine and Biology 8, Nr. 4 (1991): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/8.4.249.
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Harcourt, A. H., und K. J. Stewart. „Function and Meaning of Wild Gorilla 'Close' Calls“. Behaviour 133, Nr. 11-12 (1996): 827–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00260.
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We investigate the social significance of the within group ('close') calls of gorillas by examining correlates of calling with dominance rank and with relatedness of adults, and by examining whether the outcomes of interactions between adults differ depending on the calls given during the interactions. In two wild gorilla groups, the majority of adults give most of their calls when near another adult and fully in sight of them. Thus gorillas' use 'close' calls as more than mere contact calls. An adult gorilla's use of 'close' calls correlates with its own and with its partner's dominance rank, with effects being most obvious for the most dominant animals, the fully adult males. Thus the proportion of 'double grunts', the most common 'close' call, in an individual's repertoire correlated consistently with dominance rank; all non-silverback adults gave a higher percent of double grunts in the presence of subordinates than they did near dominant animals; individuals were most likely to give 'non-syllabled' grunts in the adult male's presence; and they consistently exchanged calls at a higher rate with the adult males than with other group members. An adult's type of calls did not obviously differ depending on whether their neighbour was kin or non-kin, but kin were overall more likely to give calls in the presence of kin, and to exchange calls with kin than with non-kin, although the association was not consistent throughout the two years of the study. With regard to the consequences of calling, subordinates were less likely to be feeding one minute after an approach by a fully adult male during which calls were exchanged than during silent approaches. In contrast to findings from studies of some other species, calling did not correlate with duration of grooming. We suggest that, among other functions, gorillas' 'close' calls mediate social interactions. One form of calls, 'non-syllabled' calls, are interpretable as appeasement signals. The broadest interpretation of the 'double grunt' is that it is an exaggerated announcement of presence, whose function is to attract attention to the caller, and to signal conditional future activity.
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Shi, Lei, Carl J. Schreck III, Viju O. John, Eui-Seok Chung, Theresa Lang, Stefan A. Buehler und Brian J. Soden. „Assessing the consistency of satellite-derived upper tropospheric humidity measurements“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, Nr. 23 (02.12.2022): 6949–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6949-2022.
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Abstract. Four upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) datasets derived from satellite sounders are evaluated to assess their consistency as part of the activities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) water vapor assessment project. The datasets include UTH computed from brightness temperature measurements of the 183.31±1 GHz channel of the Special Sensor Microwave – Humidity (SSM/T-2), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B), and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) and from channel 12 of the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS). The four datasets are generally consistent in the interannual temporal and spatial variability of the tropics. Large positive anomalies peaked over the central equatorial Pacific region during El Niño events in the same phase with the increase of sea surface temperature (SST). Conversely, large negative anomalies were obtained during El Niño events when the tropical-domain average is taken. The weakened ascending branch of the Pacific Walker circulation in the western Pacific and the enhanced descending branches of the local Hadley circulation along the Pacific subtropics largely contributed to widespread drying areas and thus negative anomalies in the upper troposphere during El Niño events as shown in all four datasets. During a major El Niño event, UTH had higher correlations with the coincident precipitation (0.60 to 0.75) and with 200 hPa velocity potential (−0.42 to −0.64) than with SST (0.37 to 0.49). Due to differences in retrieval definitions and gridding procedures, there can be a difference of 3 %–5 % UTH between datasets on average, and larger magnitudes of anomaly values are usually observed in spatial maps of microwave UTH data. Nevertheless, the tropical-domain averaged anomalies of the datasets are close to each other with their differences being mostly less than 0.5 %, and more importantly the phases of the time series are generally consistent for variability studies.
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Pike, Alison, und Robert Plomin. „A Behavioural Genetic Perspective on Close Relationships“. International Journal of Behavioral Development 21, Nr. 4 (November 1997): 647–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597384604.
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This paper examines how genetic, shared environment, and nonshared environment influence individual differences in close relationships. First, a brief explanation of behavioural genetic methods is given. Next, we review behavioural genetic studies of the close relationships in which people are typically involved (parent-child, sibling, friend, and spouse). Many of the studies reviewed indicate a modest to moderate role for genetic factors. This suggests that genetic make-up can affect the nature of close relationships. It also implies that genetic factors may be involved in the influence of close relationships on individual adaptation. Behavioural genetic research has begun to show that this is the case. Close relationships may be especially important sources of nonshared environment. Behavioural genetic research consistently shows that environmental factors that have a functional effect on psychological traits work to make siblings in the same family different from one another rather than similar. Attempts to pinpoint specific aspects of the nonshared environment are under way. Parent-child relationships have been systematically explored, and found not to play an important role in nonshared environment. This leaves open the possibility that extrafamilial relationships, in particular friendships, may be important contributors to the nonshared environment.
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Chen, Fen, Bin Zou und Na Chen. „The consistency of least-square regularized regression with negative association sequence“. International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 16, Nr. 03 (Mai 2018): 1850019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691318500194.
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In the last few years, many known works in learning theory stepped over the classical assumption that samples are independent and identical distribution and investigated learning performance based on non-independent samples, as mixing sequences (e.g., [Formula: see text]-mixing, [Formula: see text]-mixing, [Formula: see text]-mixing etc.), they derived similar results with the investigation based on classical sample assumption. Negative association (NA) sequence is a kind of significant dependent random variables and plays an important role in non-independent sequences. It is widely applied to various subjects such as probability theory, statistics and stochastic processes. Therefore, it is essential to study the learning performance of learning process for dependent samples drawn from NA process. Obviously, samples in this learning process are not independent and identical distribution. The results in classical learning theory are not applied directly. In this paper, we study the consistency of least-square regularized regression with NA samples. We establish the error bound of least-square regularized regression for NA samples, and prove that the learning rate of least-square regularized regression for NA samples is [Formula: see text], which is tend to [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] arbitrarily close to 0, where [Formula: see text] denote the number of the samples. The simulation experiment of convergence rate on NA samples reveals that the least-square regularized regression algorithm for NA samples is consistent. This result generalizes the classical result of independent and identical distribution.
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Peers, Fanny, Peter Francis, Steven J. Abel, Paul A. Barrett, Keith N. Bower, Michael I. Cotterell, Ian Crawford et al. „Observation of absorbing aerosols above clouds over the south-east Atlantic Ocean from the geostationary satellite SEVIRI – Part 2: Comparison with MODIS and aircraft measurements from the CLARIFY-2017 field campaign“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, Nr. 4 (03.03.2021): 3235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3235-2021.
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Abstract. To evaluate the SEVIRI retrieval for aerosols above clouds presented in Part 1 of the companion paper, the algorithm is applied over the south-east Atlantic Ocean during the CLARIFY-2017 field campaign period. The first step of our analysis compares the retrieved aerosol and cloud properties against equivalent products from the MODIS MOD06ACAERO retrieval (Meyer et al., 2015). While the correlation between the two satellite retrievals of the above-cloud aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is good (R = 0.78), the AOT retrieved by SEVIRI is 20.3 % smaller than that obtained from the MODIS retrieval. This difference in AOT is attributed mainly to the more absorbing aerosol model assumed for the SEVIRI retrieval compared to MODIS. The underlying cloud optical thickness (COT) derived from the two satellites is in good agreement (R = 0.90). The cloud droplet effective radius (CER) retrieved by SEVIRI is consistently smaller than MODIS by 2.2 µm, which is mainly caused by the use of different spectral bands of the satellite instruments. In the second part of our analysis, we compare the forecast water vapour profiles used for the SEVIRI atmospheric correction as well as the aforementioned aerosol and cloud products with in situ measurements made from the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft platform during the CLARIFY-2017 campaign. Around Ascension Island, the column water vapour used to correct the SEVIRI signal is overestimated by 3.1 mm in the forecast compared to that measured by dropsondes. However, the evidence suggests that the accuracy of the atmospheric correction improves closer to the African coast. Consistency is observed between the SEVIRI above-cloud AOT and in situ measurements (from cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments) when the measured single-scattering albedo is close to that assumed in the retrieval algorithm. On the other hand, the satellite retrieval overestimates the AOT when the assumed aerosol model is not absorbing enough. Consistency is also found between the cloud properties retrieved by SEVIRI and the CER measured by a cloud droplet probe and the liquid water path derived from a microwave radiometer. Despite the instrumental limitations of the geostationary satellite, the consistency obtained between SEVIRI, MODIS and the aircraft measurements demonstrates the ability of the retrieval in providing additional information on the temporal evolution of the aerosol properties above clouds.