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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Clearing of land“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Clearing of land"
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Umeghalu, ICE. „AGRICULTURAL LAND CLEARING IS IMPERATIVE FOR A SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION PROGRAM IN NIGERIA“. Agrobiological Records 10 (2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2022.025.
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The rapid increase in population in Nigeria calls for an increase in agricultural production. Farming commences with land clearing. Traditionally, the manual land clearing method is still predominant in Nigeria, where the matchet, hoe and axe are the implement used for the operation. However, this land clearing method can no longer keep pace with the population explosion. The method is ideal for small areas of land with small trees and stumps when surplus labor is available; however, the manual method becomes tedious and costly for mechanized farming. Agricultural land clearing involves removal of natural vegetation from the land, stumping, mechanized tree knockdown, windrowing, wood-cutting and burning, removal of debris and pioneer plowing. The soil structures, crop nutrients, and soil moisturizing content crops need to grow are in the topsoil. Therefore, agricultural land clearing operations should aim at minimum topsoil disturbance-poorly cleared land results in poor yield and frequent damage to agricultural machines and equipment. To achieve adequate agricultural land clearing, special techniques, machines, tools, experienced machine operators, and adequate timing of land clearing operations are necessary. This review aims to offer information on adequate methods of agricultural land clearing, outlining the procedures to be followed, tools to employ and good timing for carrying out various stages of land clearing operations in different agricultural zones of Nigeria. Parameter for assessing good agricultural land clearing is also discussed.
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Finn, Hugh C., und Nahiid S. Stephens. „The invisible harm: land clearing is an issue of animal welfare“. Wildlife Research 44, Nr. 5 (2017): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17018.
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Land clearing is a significant environmental issue in Australia and an area of active legislative reform. Despite evidence of the harm that land clearing causes to individual animals, such harm is either ignored or considered only indirectly in environmental decision-making. We argue that the harm that land clearing causes to animals ought to be identified and evaluated in decision-making relating to land clearing and consider the following three propositions in support: (1) land clearing causes deaths that are physically painful and psychologically distressing because of their traumatic and debilitating nature; (2) land clearing causes physical injuries, other pathological conditions, pain and psychological distress over a prolonged period as animals attempt to survive in the cleared environment or in the environments they are displaced to; and (3) on the basis of current clearing rates, more than 50million mammals, birds and reptiles are likely to be killed annually because of land clearing in Queensland and New South Wales. The scientific consensus about the harm caused by land clearing means that decisions to allow land clearing are decisions to allow most of the animals present to be killed and, as such, frameworks for decision-making ought to include proper evaluation of the harm to be imposed.
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Reside, April E., Jutta Beher, Anita J. Cosgrove, Megan C. Evans, Leonie Seabrook, Jennifer L. Silcock, Amelia S. Wenger und Martine Maron. „Ecological consequences of land clearing and policy reform in Queensland“. Pacific Conservation Biology 23, Nr. 3 (2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17001.
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Land clearing threatens biodiversity, impairs the functioning of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, and is a key contributor to human-induced climate change. The rates of land clearing in the State of Queensland, Australia, are at globally significant levels, and have been the subject of intense and polarised political debate. In 2016, a legislative bill that aimed to restore stronger controls over land clearing failed to pass in the Queensland Parliament, despite the clear scientific basis for policy reform. Here, we provide a short history of the recent policy debate over land clearing in Queensland, in the context of its global and national ecological significance. Land clearing affects regional climates, leading to hotter, drier climates that will impact on the Queensland economy and local communities. Loss of habitat from land clearing is a key threatening process for many endangered animals and plants. Runoff from land clearing results in sediment and nutrient enrichment, which threatens the health of the Great Barrier Reef. Australia has made national and international commitments to conserve biodiversity and reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, but current land clearing policies are not consistent with these commitments. Stronger regulation is needed to reduce vegetation loss, such as target-based regulation, which sets a cap on land clearing and could effectively halt vegetation loss over the long term. Lasting policy reform is required, and we recommend an effective policy mix that restricts clearing, provides economic opportunities for vegetation retention, and informs the Australian community about the value of native vegetation.
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Molinario, Giuseppe, Matthew Hansen, Peter Potapov, Alexandra Tyukavina und Stephen Stehman. „Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015“. Land 9, Nr. 1 (16.01.2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9010023.
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Shifting cultivation has been shown to be the primary cause of land use change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Traditionally, forested and fallow land are rotated in a slash and burn cycle that has created an agricultural mosaic, including secondary forest, known as the rural complex. This study investigates the land use context of new forest clearing (during 2000–2015) in primary forest areas outside of the established rural complex. These new forest clearings occur as either rural complex expansion (RCE) or isolated forest perforations (IFP), with consequent implications on the forest ecosystem and biodiversity habitat. During 2000–2015, subsistence agriculture was the dominant driver of forest clearing for both extension of settled areas and pioneer clearings removed from settled areas. Less than 1% of clearing was directly attributable to land uses such as mining, plantations, and logging, showing that the impact of commercial operations in the DRC is currently dwarfed by a reliance on small-holder shifting cultivation. However, analyzing the landscape context showed that large-scale agroindustry and resource extraction activities lead to increased forest loss and degradation beyond their previously-understood footprints. The worker populations drawn to these areas create communities that rely on shifting cultivation and non-timber forest products (NTFP) for food, energy, and building materials. An estimated 12% of forest loss within the RCE and 9% of the area of IFP was found to be within 5 km of mines, logging, or plantations. Given increasing demographic and commercial pressures on DRC’s forests, it will be crucial to factor in this landscape-level land use change dynamic in land use planning and sustainability-focused governance.
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Lawes, M. J., R. Greiner, I. A. Leiper, R. Ninnis, D. Pearson und G. Boggs. „The effects of a moratorium on land-clearing in the Douglas-Daly region, Northern Territory, Australia“. Rangeland Journal 37, Nr. 4 (2015): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15014.
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Land-clearing represents the first step in agricultural development and signals a shift in landscape function towards provisioning ecosystem services, in particular food production. In the process, other types of ecosystem services are often unintentionally lost as illustrated by the associated decline in biodiversity, increased soil erosion and emission of greenhouse gases. In 2003, the Northern Territory state government in Australia promulgated a moratorium on the clearing of native vegetation on freehold land in the Douglas-Daly river catchment, an area experiencing increasing pressure from agricultural development. The moratorium was intended to limit the rate and extent of land-clearing for a period of time so that informed policy could be concurrently developed to guide future land-clearing and minimise negative impacts. Under the moratorium, land-clearing required a permit and had to conform to broad guidelines; clearing was confined to freehold land, was prohibited in close proximity to wetlands, rivers and rainforest to safeguard water quality, and there were prescribed limits on percentages cleared by property, vegetation type, sub-catchment, and the whole catchment. Remotely sensed data (1977–2011) were used to explore the effectiveness of the moratorium. The analysis shows that, during moratorium years (2002–2009), clearing rates accelerated rather than slowed in the moratorium area and was mostly (81%) conducted without the required permits. The extent of land cleared after the moratorium was declared, and the fallow nature of some of this land a decade later, suggests that much of the land-clearing may have been completed in anticipation of stricter future controls. The moratorium failed because it was not formally legislated and was too broadly defined. Consequently, the non-binding nature of the land-clearing guidelines, and the absence of systematic monitoring of land cover change or penalties for clearing land without a permit, led to uninformed and uncontrolled clearing. This paper demonstrates that effective policy is only as good as its level of implementation.
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Levis, Larry. „The Clearing of the Land“. Missouri Review 13, Nr. 3 (1991): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1991.0133.
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José Larrea, Juan. „Défricher la terre et se l’approprier“. Vierteljahrschrift f??r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 106, Nr. 3 (2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/vswg-2019-0008.
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Marpaung, David Septian Sumanto, Nova Anika und Yazid Bindar. „Effect of Land Clearing Activity on Environmental and Arthropods Diversity (Case Study: Jati Agung, Lampung)“. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 19, Nr. 2 (10.07.2021): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.2.444-449.
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Agricultural activity relies on soil as their growth media. Besides agricultural activity, other living species also needs soil as their ecosystem. However, the biodiversity and environmental factor are often neglected in agricultural activity. Therefore, the investigation of environmental and biodiversity changes is important. In this study, the environmental parameter and biodiversity changes was investigated in area after land clearing activity. The pH was increased from in 3 times measurement. Besides, the soil temperature and air temperature was also increased in 3 times measurement between pre- and post-treatment. The soil temperature ranges from 26.2 oC to 33.2 oC in pre-treatment and 27.6 oC to 31.8 oC in post-treatment. The air temperature was observed ranges from 27.96 oC to 34.3 oC in pre-treatment and 28.36 oC to 34.56 oC in post-treatment. Measurement of RH was resulted ranges from 61.2% to 75.4% in pre-treatment and 61.4% to 74.8% in pre-treatment. The land is proposed become paddy field for next step land processing. As result, the diversity index was decreased in pre- and post-treatment. The Shannon diversity index was decreased from 0.81 to 0.72. Similarly, the Simpson diversity index was also decreased from 1.94 to 1.77. Meanwhile, the evenness index was increased from 0.58 to 0.65. These results suggested for farmer to process the land as soon as possible after land clearing process, if they want to form paddy field from pasture land.AbstrakKegiatan pertanian bergantung pada tanah sebagai media tumbuh suatu tanaman. Selain kegiatan pertanian, organisme hidup lain juga bergantung terhadap tanah sebagai ekosistem. Namun, seringkali biodiversitas dan faktor lingkungan diabaikan dalam kegiatan pertanian. Oleh karenanya, indentifikasi perubahan lingkungan dan biodiversitas sanget perlu dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini, perubahan parameter lingkungan dan biodiversitas diamati sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas land clearing. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan, pH tanah, suhu tanah dan suhu lingkungan meningkat dalam 3 kali pengukuran dari sebelum ke sesudah aktivitas land clearing. Suhu tanah berkisar 26.2 oC-33.2 oC pada sebelum kegiatan land clearing dan 27.6 oC-31.8 oC setelah aktivitas land clearing. Suhu lingkungan ditemukan berkisar 27.96 oC-34.3 oC pada kegiatan sebelum land clearing dan 28.36 oC-34.56 oC setelah kegiatan land clearing. Hasil pengukuran RH lingkungan ditemukan berkisar 61.2%-75.4% pada kegiatan sebelum land clearing dan 61.4%-74.8% setelah kegiatan land clearing. Sementara itu, index diversitas ditemukan menurun setelah aktivitas land clearing. Nilai Shannon diversity index ditemukan menurun setelah aktivitas land clearing dari 0.81-0.72. Pola serupa ditemukan pada nilai Simpson diversity index, dimana terjadi penurunan dari 1.94 menjadi 1.77. Nilai evenness index meningkat dari 0.58 menjadi 0.65. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disarankan ke petani untuk segera mengolah lahan tersebut setelah kegiatan land clearing untuk menghindari terjadinya pertumbuhan kembali vegetasi, serta perubahan parameter lingkungan dan biodiversitas.
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Ayunda, D., D. A. Hutajulu, D. Cahyana, I. Ma’ruf, Habibi, M. Faisal, M. P. Wiranatha et al. „Land clearing area prioritization using GLAD alert data to prevent peat fires in South Sumatera, Indonesia“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1025, Nr. 1 (01.05.2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1025/1/012009.
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Abstract Peatland clearing and draining are associated with many peat fires in South Sumatera. In 2020 we developed prioritization of peat land clearing areas using GLAD alert data to prevent catastrophic peat fires. GLAD alert data is near real-time alerting system that detects loss of trees, produced by University of Maryland and Global Forest Watch. This research aims to get prioritized area indicating land clearing and to test its reliability to prevent peat fires in South Sumatra. A total of 634 cluster areas indicating peatland clearing were found in between July and September 2020, which 20 of those cluster areas are selected for validation (ground truth). Validation was conducted by field survey and flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in 3 districts, namely Musi Rawas Utara, Banyuasin, and Ogan Komering Ilir. The survey confirmed that 19 clusters experienced forest fires, land clearing, and rejuvenation of plantation. Meanwhile, the others became savanna from previous forest fires and former land clearing by burning. Prioritization areas using GLAD alert data was capable to detect land clearing, but further study is needed to predict peat fires due to peatland clearing.
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Widarti, Sri, Donna Youlla und Icuk Setiawan. „PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PEMBUKAAN LAHAN TANPA PEMBAKARAN (PLTB) DI KELURAHAN SAGATANI KECAMATAN SINGKAWANG SELATAN“. ZIRAA'AH MAJALAH ILMIAH PERTANIAN 47, Nr. 1 (24.01.2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v47i1.5862.
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People's perceptions of land clearing by burning are still diverse, there are pros and cons about it. As we all know, the land clearing system by slashing and burning is a heritage and culture of farming communities in almost all parts of Indonesia, one of them is the people of the island of Kalimantan. Several solutions have been proposed by the government, including land clearing without burning (PLTB). This program aims to change the behavior of Indonesian farmers who still do land clearing by burning to switch to more environmentally friendly land clearing methods, including converting slashes into compost and wood vinegar. However, until now several programs launched by the government in order to minimize the forest and land fires have not been successful. Increasing the production of hybrid corn commodities is one of the targets for increasing agricultural productivity in West Kalimantan, especially in Singkawang in meeting the demand for hybrid corn which is currently supplied from outside the city. The increase in production cannot be separated from the need for expansion of hybrid corn farming land, which currently the number and focus of increasing hybrid corn farming businesses are in Sagatani Village, South Singkawang District. Problems arise when in their business, hybrid corn farmers in Sagatani Village still use conventional methods in cleaning and clearing land, namely by burning.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Clearing of land"
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Newland, Nicholas. „Brush cutting and brush fencing : sustainable resource use or environmental impoverishment?“ Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envn549.pdf.
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Callow, John Nikolaus. „River response to land clearing and landscape salinisation in southwestern Australia“. University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0085.
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[Truncated abstract] Land clearing is known to increase runoff, and in many dryland landscapes is also associated with rising saline watertables, causing increased stream salinity and degrading riparian vegetation. The limited understanding of how river morphology responds to these changes and the potential for vegetation-based strategies to offer river management options under these conditions, has prompted this research. In southwestern Australia the severity of salinity and recent nature of land clearing provides an appropriate setting to investigate river response. A data-based, multidisciplinary methodology was applied to determine how land clearing and landscape salinisation has altered landscape sensitivity through changes in erosive potential, system connectivity and material threshold mechanisms, and how these affect patterns of river response. The study investigated the responses of morphologically similar reaches across fifty two study sites in the Kent River and Dalyup River catchments, in the south coastal rivers region of Western Australia. Land clearing was found to have significantly altered the hydrologic regime and erosive potential in both frequency and magnitude, with flow becoming more perennial, and increased annual discharge, flood peaks and bankfull flow frequency. While sediment transport rates have also increased since land clearing, they remain low on a global scale. Human response to a reduced rainfall regime and related water security pressures has caused large hillslope areas to be decoupled from the main channels by bank and farm dam construction, and have reduced downstream transmission of change. ... By contrast, steeper-sloped mid-catchment areas with minimal vegetation degradation caused by salinity are associated with higher erosive potential. A more erosive response is observed in these reaches where floodplains have been cleared for agricultural purposes. A conceptual model of vegetation growth across the salinity gradient observed in the study catchments was developed, and applied to selected river styles to assess the potential that vegetation-based strategies offer for river management. This work identifies the unsuitability of river restoration strategies, but the potential for river restoration or remediation in a saline landscape. Hydraulic modelling demonstrated that river rehabilitation strategies such as improving the vegetation condition of the riparian buffer using native or commercial species on areas elevated above saline flow can stabilise reaches. For river styles in wide and flat valleys, there is limited potential for vegetation-based river rehabilitation under the current salinity gradient. Field observation and modelling suggest that river remediation may offer geomorphic management options in salt-affected reaches through channelisation to lower watertables, and further research on this is warranted. This work found a consistent response for river styles across the two study catchments. Based on the understanding of river response and the potential for vegetation-based river management for each style, this research offers a regional-scale tool for river management in a saline landscape.
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Walker, Kimberley. „Clearing the Brownfields: Offsetting the Risks to Sustainable Development of Contaminated Land“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37477.
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This research develops eight recommendations for amendments to key Ontario legislation affecting Brownfield redevelopment that, if implemented, will reduce the liability and risk associated with the development of contaminated land and benefit stakeholders, such as, municipalities and developers.
Utilizing the methodology of law and economics, this research examines the legal landscape in Ontario and expands the dialogue regarding the risks of developing contaminated land. Through this examination, this research uncovers the origins of the risks of Brownfield redevelopment and extrapolates recommendations for amendments to legislation and policy that balance the liability of Brownfield redevelopment with the protection of the environment.
Recent developments in environmental law appear to increase environmental protection, but actually limit Brownfield redevelopment in Ontario by increasing liability and costs. The polluter pays principle that has been entrenched in Canadian law has governed the law in respect of contaminated lands for decades. However, as society evolves, the common law is forced to re-evaluate environmental protection in the face of contaminated lands. This evolution of the law is an attempt to intervene to correct a market failure that exists with respect to contaminated lands. The increased liability associated with Brownfield redevelopment translates into heightened costs to redevelop the land, which also severely threatens environmental justice in Ontario. The recommendations in this research will benefit stakeholders, the public, and the environment. With respect to stakeholders, it will be of assistance to municipalities, cities, developers, corporations, secured lenders, mortgage insurers and the government. The risks associated with Brownfield redevelopment can be offset by the recommended corrections to legislation regarding liability and stronger policies that create accessible programs and incentives to promote just, innovative, and sustainable redevelopment.
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Thornton, Craig M. „Effects of land clearing, land use change and land management on soil fertility and runoff water quality in the Brigalow Belt bioregion of central Queensland, Australia“. Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/419074.
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Terrestrial catchments adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef have undergone extensive anthropogenic modification over the last 150 years, including substantial land clearing and land use change. From 1996 to 2006, rates of land clearing in Queensland were among the highest in the world. More than 60% of this clearing occurred within the Brigalow Belt bioregion, which includes 98% of the Fitzroy Basin and 46% of the Burdekin Basin, both of which drain directly into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. This land clearing and land use change has led to increased pollutant loads of nutrients, sediment and pesticides entering the Great Barrier Reef, which adversely impact the survival of this precious ecosystem. Agricultural land use is currently the largest contributor to pollutant loads.
The effects of land clearing and land use change on runoff in the Brigalow Belt bioregion are well documented. Long-term research has shown clearing of virgin brigalow scrub for cropping or grazed pasture has doubled runoff irrespective of land use. Peak runoff rates doubled when land was cleared for cropping and increased by 50% when cleared for grazed pasture. The short-term effects of land clearing and land use change on land resources such as soil fertility were also documented, but the long-term implications were not.
It was unclear how these changes in hydrology and soil fertility as a result of land clearing and land use change impacted water quality. Contemporary water quality investigations seeking to address this question are confounded by multiple issues. For example, climatic variability in central Queensland is large, so long-term monitoring is essential to develop true systems understanding. Short-term, three-to-five-year monitoring programs often fail to capture extremes in climate, so findings may not translate temporally. Broad-scale land clearing in the Brigalow Belt bioregion of central Queensland commenced in the 1960s and was generally considered to have ceased in 2006. As such, contemporary water quality data sets, while reflective of current catchment condition, likely provide little insight into the magnitude of change in water quality immediately post clearing due to multi-decadal lags between clearing and monitoring. Larger catchment scale water quality studies can be further confounded by mixed land use within a catchment and mixed land management within a single land use. Both scenarios make it difficult to separate land use effects on water quality from land management effects on water quality, with one likely to mask the effects of the other.
When broad-scale land clearing in the Brigalow Belt bioregion of central Queensland commenced in the 1960s, changes in hydrology and soil fertility were anticipated. In order to determine the effects of this land clearing and land use change on hydrology, soil fertility and productivity, the Brigalow Catchment Study was initiated in 1965. The subsequent data collected from this long-term paired, calibrated catchment study provided an opportunity to determine the impacts of land clearing and land use change on water quality. The use of long-term data from paired catchments of a single land use, that have been monitored for hydrological and soil fertility change since prior to clearing, resolves many of the confounding factors common to contemporary water quality studies.
This study of the effects of land clearing and land use change on water quality had four objectives as follows:
1) To determine the impact of changing land use from virgin brigalow scrub into a crop or pasture system on runoff water quality;
2) To evaluate whether clearing of brigalow scrub for cropping or grazing would alter the dynamics of soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and potassium over time;
3) To determine the impact on water quality of managing grazing land by varying stocking rate; and
4) To determine the impact of managing grazing land with tebuthiuron, a herbicide used for broad-scale woody weed control in grazing systems, on water quality.
All four of these objectives were priority knowledge gaps of the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan 2017-2022, the 2017 Scientific Consensus Statement and their predecessors. Long-term water quality modelling indicated that changing land use from virgin brigalow scrub to cropping or grazing increased loads of total suspended solids, total and dissolved inorganic phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen. The well-managed (unfertilised) pasture system had less nitrogen in runoff compared to runoff from virgin brigalow scrub. In years when runoff occurred from the agricultural catchments, but no runoff occurred from the virgin brigalow scrub, water quality loads were entirely anthropogenic and totally attributable to land use change.
These changes in water quality were modelled by extrapolating data collected at least 17 years after land clearing and land use change. During this 17-year period, significant nutrient fluxes occurred within the surface 0.1 m of the soil profile associated with clearing, burning and subsequent agricultural production. These fluxes, in particular the nine-fold increase in ammonium-nitrogen, the eight-fold increase in nitrate-nitrogen and the two to three-fold increase in bicarbonate- and acid-extractable phosphorus immediately after clearing likely resulted in extremes in water quality loads and pollutant concentrations compared to that observed in later years.
The effect of managing grazing land by varying stocking rate was greater than that of changing land use from virgin brigalow scrub to conservatively grazed pasture. Heavy grazing of improved pasture more than tripled runoff, peak runoff rate and total suspended solids loss compared to conservatively grazed pasture. Loads of total suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff were also greater from heavy than conservative grazing.
The effect of land management on water quality was most easily determined where the input to the system was entirely anthropogenic, such as broad-scale application of herbicide. Unlike nutrients, with no confounding natural input, herbicide loss in runoff was entirely contingent on herbicide use. Tebuthiuron loss in runoff was primarily in the dissolved phase with no correlation to total suspended solids. Concentrations of tebuthiuron in runoff declined exponentially with time, cumulative rainfall and cumulative runoff.
The new knowledge of the effects of land clearing, land use change and land management on soil fertility and runoff water quality generated in addressing the four objectives of this thesis has been extended, both spatially and temporally, by its inclusion in models for Great Barrier Reef catchments. This modelling estimates the effects of land management on water quality from catchments such as the Fitzroy Basin. Specifically, the research presented in this thesis has underpinned the design, calibration and validation of models at both the paddock and catchment scales as part of the Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan 2017-2022. This new body of knowledge has also been used to guide the development of regulations for protection of the Great Barrier Reef. These regulations were the focus of a 2020 senate inquiry, during which new knowledge from this thesis was presented in both written submissions and given as evidence.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Noack, Denise Helen. „The contribution of heritage agreements to conservation in the Murray Mallee of South Australia /“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envn739.pdf.
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Dam, Oscar van. „Forest filled with gaps effects of gap size on water and nutrient cycling in tropical rain forest : a study in Guyana = Bos gevuld met gaten : de effecten van de grootte kronendakopeningen op de water- en nutriëntenkringloop in tropisch regenwoud : een studie in Guyana /“. Georgetown, Guyana : Tropenbos Guyana Programme, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48485430.html.
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Ngeh, Chiambeng Paulinus. „Effects of land clearing methods on a tropical forest ecosystem and the growth of Terminalia ivorensis (A. Chev.)“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15515.
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Laurent, Nathan R. „Mapping the landscape of public policy debate through analysis of evidence-based arguments in news media content: A case study“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98725/1/Nathan%20Laurent%20Thesis.pdf.
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This case study of the debate around broad-scale land-clearing in Queensland adds to knowledge about the place of news media in resolving public policy issues. It includes an historical account of the issue, and from the evidence of newspaper contents, observes that some parties in such debates are likely to only conditionally accept policy outcomes, such as enacted legislation. Focusing on the regulation of broad-scale land-clearing between 1998 and 2006, the study identifies, analyses, and compares relevant, evidence-based arguments from policy stakeholders published in two Queensland newspapers: a metropolitan daily and a rural industry weekly.
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Jay, Grace Mairi McIntyre. „Symbolic order and material agency a cultural ecology of native forest remnants on Waikato dairy farms /“. Connect to this title online, 2004. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20060125.120921/.
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David, Clive Addison. „Post-harvest floor changes and nitrogen mobilization in an Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forest“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26986.
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Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir [Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.-Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.] (ESSF) forests occupy large portions of western North America, and of British Columbia (B.C.) in particular. These areas represent a harsh environment for plant growth. The ESSF forests of B.C. have presented serious problems of regeneration following harvesting; several factors stimulated speculation as to whether N supply limitations were involved. This study was intended to highlight the post-harvest N dynamics of an ESSF forest, and the implications of the latter for silvicultural practices. Its general objectives included characterization of the post-harvest assart effect, and investigation of the N status and growth of advance regeneration. These were achieved by means of a comparative study of an age sequence of harvested sites.
The assart effect lasted for at least eight years after harvesting, with a peak of change between years three and six. There were no major physical changes in the forest floor. Low C/N ratios between 19 and 32 were believed to have contributed to increased N availability. ESSF forests may have a generally higher level of N availability than previously supposed. The advance regeneration benefited from the assart effect. Nutrient uptake appeared to increase generally from at least three years after harvesting; increases of up to 78% were noted for N. There appeared to be no general macronutrient or micronutrient limitation to growth. However, evidence of S deficiencies was encountered in some trees. Moreover, the critical levels used for N may be in need of revision. A revised critical level of 1.40% for foliar N concentrations is proposed for subalpine fir advance regeneration. If this is accurate, regeneration may have been at least temporarily N-limited from year eight after harvesting. A more rigorous investigation of these possibilities is needed.
The cutting method applied to the sites approximated a one-cut shelterwood method. The method as encountered in this study should not be considered a viable silvicultural option for similar ESSF forests. Its successful application would involve some degree of forest floor manipulation to improve seedbed conditions and soil microclimatic regimes. The findings of this study demonstrate that the environmental and biological characteristics of ESSF forests make high levels of planning and care a prerequisite for the success of silvicultural
practices. The question of what comprises realistic growth and yield expectations of second-rotation stands in the ESSF zone needs to be addressed urgently.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
Bücher zum Thema "Clearing of land"
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R, Lal, Sánchez Pedro A. 1940-, Cummings R. W und International Symposium on Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics (1st : 1982 : Ibadan, Nigeria), Hrsg. Land clearing and development in the tropics. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1986.
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British Columbia. Dept. of Agriculture., Hrsg. Clearing bush lands in B.C. 3. Aufl. Victoria, B.C: W.H. Cullin, 1997.
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Washington (State). Dept. of Ecology., Hrsg. Outdoor burning: Land clearing and yard debris. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1992.
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4
Brox, Jane. Clearing land: Legacies of the American farm. New York: North Point Press, 2004.
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Barber, G. L. Land development: A guide to clearing, piling, breaking and working down land in northwestern Alberta. [Edmonton?, Alta.]: Alberta Forestry Lands and Wildlife, 1990.
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Cassel, Keith. Land clearing and reclamation of ultisols and oxisols. Raleigh, NC: Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program, North Carolina State University, 1994.
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Franzman, Axel J. Effects of parent material, international land differences, and time since clearing on some physical and chemical parameters, and variability of three soils groups of the Fraser lowland, British Columbia and Washington State. Bellingham, Wash: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1986.
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Alfredo Wagner Berno de Almeida. Guerra ecológica nos babaçuais: O processo de devastação do palmeirais, a elevação do preço de commodities e o aquecimento do mercado de terras na Amazônia. São Luís, MA: MIQCB/Balaios Typ., 2005.
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Anderson, James N. Lands at risk, people at risk: Perspectives on tropical forest transformation in the Philippines. [Binghamton, N.Y: Institute for Development Anthropology, 1985.
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Garland, Eduardo Bedoya. Intensification and degradation in the agricultural systems of the Peruvian upper jungle: The upper Huallaga case. Lima, Peru: Centro de Investigacion y Promocion, Amazonica Cipa, 1985.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Clearing of land"
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Banyard, Michael. „Animal Welfare Aspects of Land Clearing“. In One Welfare in Practice, 83–119. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003218333-4.
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Taniguchi, Makoto, David R. Williamson und Adrian J. Peck. „Changes in Surface and Subsurface Temperatures after Clearing Forest in Western Australia“. In Subsurface Hydrological Responses to Land Cover and Land Use Changes, 139–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6141-5_10.
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Bari, Mohammed A. „Streamflow and Salinity Response to Agricultural Clearing at the Warren River Basin, Western Australia“. In Subsurface Hydrological Responses to Land Cover and Land Use Changes, 121–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6141-5_9.
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Iversen, Tore. „Thralls’ Manumission, Land Clearing, and State Building in Medieval Norway“. In The Medieval Countryside, 263–76. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tmc-eb.4.1015.
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Nurhidayah, Laely, Rini Astuti, Herman Hidayat und Robert Siburian. „Community-Based Fire Management and Peatland Restoration in Indonesia“. In Environment & Policy, 135–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_8.
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AbstractIndonesia suffers from recurrent land and forest fires due to anthropogenic disturbances, such as land clearing and peatland drainage for agricultural activities and expansion of large-scale plantation. The Indonesian government launched a restoration program in 2016 to restore degraded peatlands and prevent fires. Community Fire Brigades or Masyarakat Peduli Api (MPA) is the forefront actor in community-based fire management and plays a significant role in fire prevention and peatland restoration at the local level in Indonesia. This paper examines community’s perspectives and opinions on the role and challenges of community-based fire management and peatland restoration. The paper draws from case studies of six villages situated at two fire-prone provinces in Riau and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. We employ the cohesive fire management strategy model as a lens to understand the challenges and effectiveness of a community-based fire management strategy in Indonesia. The cohesive fire management strategy focuses on three key areas: creating a resilient landscape, developing fire adaptive communities, and implementing a fire management strategy. We found that MPAs face diverse challenges that reduce their capacity to prevent and control forest and land fires. One of the most common challenges faced by the MPAs is the lack of financial support for routine operation and maintenance of peatland rewetting infrastructures. Meanwhile, at the broader community level, the absence of affordable no-burning technology for land clearing and the lack of reward and punishment system have hampered efforts to reduce fire incidents. We suggest that the Indonesian government prioritizes funding support for MPAs to ensure the effective operationalization of community-based fire management in fire-prone provinces. We also suggest the need for the private sector and NGOs to step in to address the gap in support for community-based fire management and peatland restoration.
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Maertens, Miet, Manfred Zeller und Regina Birner. „Does Technical Progress in Agriculture have a Forest Saving or a Forest Clearing Effect? Theory and Evidence from Central Sulawesi“. In Land Use, Nature Conservation and the Stability of Rainforest Margins in Southeast Asia, 179–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08237-9_10.
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Pichón, Francisco J. „A Multivariate Analysis of Farm Household Land-Use and Forest-Clearing Decisions in the Amazon Region of Ecuador“. In People and their Planet, 71–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27182-5_5.
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Mendoza, Marcos. „Territorializing Capital: Moreno’s Gift and the Political Economy of Nature in Argentine Patagonia“. In Tourism and Conservation-based Development in the Periphery, 29–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38048-8_2.
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Abstract This chapter examines the political economy of nature and the legacy of Francisco Moreno, scientist and explorer, within ArgentinePatagonia. Moreno is institutionally recognized for a land donation he made to the federalgovernment in 1903, which is celebrated for inaugurating the national park conservation movement. This Moreno-centric official history, however, has rendered invisible state violence and Indigenous dispossession as preconditions of national conservation. Moving beyond this official history of conservation, the discussion highlights two histories of capitalist territorialization. The first focuses on the clearing-out strategy pursued by the Argentine government to open Patagonia for colonization and agrarian capitalism. The second attends to the re-territorialization of space through the creation of national parks and the promotion of leisure capitalism. Using the concept of “the gift” to assess Moreno’s legacy, this chapter shows that the “spirit of the gift”—heralded by the Argentine federal government—is chained to these two projects of capitalist territorialization. These territorialization histories challenge the halcyon representation of Moreno’s gift promoted by the state. Drawing upon scholarship in politicalecology, this study is a contribution to an emerging critical assessment of “the gift” within Patagonian conservation.
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Hannam, Ian. „Legislative Protection for the Soil Environment and Climate Change“. In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2022, 51–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40609-6_3.
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AbstractRecent court decisions in Australia and in overseas jurisdictions have made important progress in society’s acceptance of the significance of climate change in the long-term protection of the environment. The term ‘climate litigation’ is now generally used to refer to legal proceedings initiated to establish responsibility for a failure to prevent or reduce the rate of climate change and/or mitigate its negative consequences. Such legal proceedings are being initiated in courts, tribunals and other rule compliance monitoring bodies, operating around the world, at the domestic, regional, or global level. One decision, in the New South Wales Land and Environment Court on 26 August 2021, orders the New South Wales Environment Protection Authority to develop environmental quality objectives, guidelines and policies to ensure protection of the environment from climate change with regard to its duties under the Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991. This decision is regarded as a landmark decision in New South Wales in that it orders a statutory authority to exercise its duty and legal responsibilities under the Protection of the Environment Administration Act with regard to the level of seriousness that climate change impacts have reached for the New South Wales environment. The case is also significant because the definition of “environment” under the Protection of the Environment Administration Act encapsulates a broad range of ecological elements, including the “soil”. In this context, this chapter argues that the decision is important for a number of reasons including: by interpretation “soil” is a component of the “environment” and it should be protected from climate change under the Protection of the Environment Administration Act; the way the decision is made provides a guiding framework which can used to examine existing environmental laws for protection of the soil environment against climate change; and it provides a guiding framework to prepare new soil legislation with the requisite procedures to develop environmental quality objectives, guidelines and policies to protect the soil environment from climate change. Having regard to these various aspects of the decision, they provide a guiding structure in which to assess the protection of the soil environment in New South Wales, but also a procedure which might be beneficial to other countries to assess the legal protection of the soil environment. The way soil is being used in Australia and around the world is directly contributing to global warming by releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Soil degradation from agricultural land use, vegetation clearing and urban and infrastructure projects and pollution of soil from industrial works require closer attention from legislative and policy structures. Therefore, it is appropriate that increasing attention must be placed on the protection of the soil environment through the adoption of legislative, policy and mitigation responses which prevent the use of soil in a manner that makes it a significant contributor to climate change.
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„land clearing“. In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 776. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_120188.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Clearing of land"
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Alekseev, Roman, Sergei Vititnev, Nataliya Kozyakova und Swetlana Mahmudova. „LAND RESOURCES AND RECLAMATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (A CASE STUDY OF THE MOSCOW REGION)“. In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.034.
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When considering environmental priorities in the Moscow region, it was pointed out that not only human economic activity damages the environment, but also resources a significant part is destroyed by fires and other emergencies, which number has been increasing in recent years. Land resources are among the main exhaustible resources without which human existence is impossible. State activity, first and foremost, must be aimed at the land resources effective management and protection against the human economic activity consequences negative impact. In the article, the authors pay special attention to the responsibilities of recultivation (a set of works aimed at restoring productivity and other land values, as well as improving environmental conditions) of disturbed lands by persons whose activities have led to a deterioration in the quality of land, provided for by the Land Code of the Russian Federation. The implementation of the environmental policy by the leadership of the Moscow region, which is aimed at improving the condition of land, water and atmospheric air quality, is being investigated. Municipal waste landfills are being recultivated in the region, an extensive network of atmospheric air monitoring has been launched and large-scale clearing of ponds and lakes is being carried out.
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Lestari, Maria Maya, Ledi Diana und Erdiansyah Erdiansyah. „Local Wisdom of Land Clearing by the Society of Siak Malay in Past“. In Riau Annual Meeting on Law and Social Sciences (RAMLAS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.278.
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Küçük, Ayşe Sena, Turgay Dindaroğlu und Emre Babur. „Carbon and Nitrogen Storage Capacities of Soils of Different Land Use in Karstic Ecosystems“. In 3rd International Congress on Engineering and Life Science. Prensip Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/icelis.2023.22.
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There are significant differences in carbon and nitrogen storage of soils developed under to different land uses in areas where climate, bedrock and other external factors are similar. This study was carried out to determine soil carbon and nitrogen stocks of forest (O), Agriculture (T) and bare (B) areas, including Ahir Mountain Green belt afforestation area in Kahramanmaraş province. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples (72 in total) were collected from the topsoil (0-20 cm) of 36 systematically determined points on Mount Ahir. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) and bulk weight (BD) analyzes were made in soil samples. The amount of carbon and nitrogen stored in the area was estimated by using the data obtained as a result of the analyzes and the inequalities. According to the data, the amount of carbon stored in forest, agriculture and clearing areas is 75.49 t C Ha-1, 73.56 t C Ha-1 and 47.31 t C Ha-1; the amount of stored nitrogen was found to be 6.05 t N Ha-1, 7.67 t N Ha-1 and 4.40 t N Ha-1. Forest soils have approximately 46% more carbon than bare areas soils and 5% more than agricultural soils. In terms of total nitrogen amount, it was found 20% higher in the soils of agricultural areas compared to forest and 50% more than in bare space soils. It has been determined that there are significant differences in the chemical parameters of the soils belonging to the lands with different land use capabilities, especially in the C and N concentrations. Examining this change reveals the effect of land use on carbon and nitrogen stocks of soils. Changes in the organic C and N status of our soils, which are of great importance for a sustainable agriculture, should be well observed.
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Whelan, Debbie. „Light Touch on the land – continued conversations about architectural change, informality and sustainability“. In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15043.
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Including ‘informally constructed’ buildings in the cornucopia of ‘vernacular’ has its opponents. They are not visually compelling, strongly represent the ‘other’, and their unpopularity derives from worldviews that prioritise ‘architecture’ as modernity rather than, perhaps, ‘buildings’ as humanity. However, it is argued that informal settlements are not only the kernel of new cities (using modern materials), but are inevitable and sanitized by health legislation, with slum ‘clearing’ having different potentials, to ‘slum building’. Considering informal settlements in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in the early 1920s, and subsequent slum clearances due to post-War health legislation, tracking their continued negative, (and ambivalent connotations at the end of apartheid), and most extensive manifestations in current times, this paper considers informal settlements as recyclers of matter, distinct representations of cultural change (from the rural to the urban) and vectors of opportunity (driven by early health legislations). For the a global north which assumes culturally static societies, advocates for carbon-neutral construction, and renewable construction materials and recycling, there is possibly much we can learn from informal settlements, addressing complex and diverse world views, recycling, political organization and spatial planning. Also, viewed from the lofty perspective of the global north, such vernaculars are viewed derisively, are the focus of multiple, globally-crafted sustainable development goals, and are considered as ‘problems’ rather than, ‘solutions’. Thus, migratory trajectories, social and cultural change, and the continued use of existing and found materials is real for many millions of people globally. These constantly negotiated territories provide compelling ground for re-assessment, reflection and repositioning, interpretation of the vernacular.
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Runtuwene, Michael, Mario Lopez, Sherry Siew und Muhammad Mappy. „Maximizing the Value of Offshore-Setup Hydraulic Workover Unit to Monetize Onshore Gas in Brunei“. In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215431-ms.
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Abstract Since 2019, a 340K type of Hydraulic Workover Unit (HWU) has been contracted by the Operator for production protection in case of ESP failures, primarily for the offshore assets. Due to the nature of contract and scope, there were times when the HWU was in standby mode while waiting for the next ESP replacement scopes and/or for the offshore vessel to be made available. When there was a requirement to recomplete a land gas well ‘S’ to increase gas lift supplies, an opportunity was seized to utilize the HWU to execute the recompletion scope. Well S was a 4,300m deep exploration well that was drilled and tested in 2019 with a 2,000HP land drilling rig. The well had two zones of open perforation and it was then suspended with a combination of inflatable cement retainer, cement and sand plugs, and another V0 hydraulic plug above it. The first operational scope was to prepare the wellbore by clearing the access for the perforations, and the second scope would be the recompletion operation. The opportunity was clear, but the solution wasn’t as straightforward. Originally this recompletion was planned to be executed with a land rig, but scheduling conflicts meant that the land rig arrival was delayed by a few years. The team saw the opportunity to maximize the assets at their disposal but there were two main challenges in realizing this opportunity. First, the offshore setup HWU required significant modifications to operate on land environment. This included adding components in the peripheral e.g. a crane, tanks/temporary pipe works and accommodation cabins. The second challenge was to assess and equip the unit that was supposed to perform non-complex hoisting operation, to be able to execute the recompletion scope which included fishing and milling, wellbore clean-up, TCP operation, and installing completions. The other important element of the HWU utilization is that it has a lower carbon footprint as opposed to drilling rig. In average, the fuel consumption of the HWU is nearly half of 1,500HP drilling rig and even though drilling rig operational efficiency is generally higher, the overall emission of HWU would still be lower in this case. This paper describes the requirements set at the planning stage, to ensure that the minimum technical requirement was defined and that the project was competitively scoped. It outlines the challenges encountered in the preparation stage as well as in the operation stage, and how they were addressed, resulting in a safe and successful campaign and "out-of-plan" gas to support the production. Furthermore, this paper examines the boundary of the Hydraulic Workover unit and illustrates how thorough planning and risk assessment were critical for the non-routine activities.
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Gumenyuk, Anna, Anna Gumenyuk, Inna Nikonorova und Inna Nikonorova. „LANDSCAPE STUDY OF CHEBOKSARY AND KUYBYSHEV RESERVOIRS COASTS FOR RECREATIONAL USING“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93ab223f57.36658580.
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The plot of study is Cheboksary and its suburbans and located on the joint of two landscape zones: a forest zone and a forest-steppe zone. The border between the zones goes along the Volga River, which establishes favourable environment for recreation. There has been observed slope type of areas on the right bank of the Volga River of the Cheboksary and Kuybyshev Reservoir. It has 3º and more incline, with washed-off soil and broadleaved woodland (relict mountainous oak woods), subjected to considerable land-clearing. In the immediate bank zone of the Volga River, where abrasive-soil-slipping and abrasive-talus processes mostly develop, the main types of natural areas have been marked out: 1) Abrasive landslide cliffs at the original slopes of Volga Valley of 60º steepness, more than 15 m high, with permanent watering as a result of underground waters leakage; 2) Abrasive cliffs of terraces above flood-plains of 2 m high; 3) Abrasive cliffs of original slope of the valley of the river Volga of 2 m high, with distinctive abrasive niches in the lower part of the slope or temporary concentration of caving demolishing material. Left coast is lowland plain, the part of taiga landscape zone. Low terraces above flood plain of Volga are formed by sand with loam layers, with sod-podzol sandy and sandy loam soil in combination with marshy soil, with fir-pine forest, with from lichen bogs to sphagnum bog; in lowlands, on old felling plots, on abandoned peat mines deciduous forests with mostly birches and aspens prevail.
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Gumenyuk, Anna, Anna Gumenyuk, Inna Nikonorova und Inna Nikonorova. „LANDSCAPE STUDY OF CHEBOKSARY AND KUYBYSHEV RESERVOIRS COASTS FOR RECREATIONAL USING“. In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4317002e4e.
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The plot of study is Cheboksary and its suburbans and located on the joint of two landscape zones: a forest zone and a forest-steppe zone. The border between the zones goes along the Volga River, which establishes favourable environment for recreation. There has been observed slope type of areas on the right bank of the Volga River of the Cheboksary and Kuybyshev Reservoir. It has 3º and more incline, with washed-off soil and broadleaved woodland (relict mountainous oak woods), subjected to considerable land-clearing. In the immediate bank zone of the Volga River, where abrasive-soil-slipping and abrasive-talus processes mostly develop, the main types of natural areas have been marked out: 1) Abrasive landslide cliffs at the original slopes of Volga Valley of 60º steepness, more than 15 m high, with permanent watering as a result of underground waters leakage; 2) Abrasive cliffs of terraces above flood-plains of 2 m high; 3) Abrasive cliffs of original slope of the valley of the river Volga of 2 m high, with distinctive abrasive niches in the lower part of the slope or temporary concentration of caving demolishing material. Left coast is lowland plain, the part of taiga landscape zone. Low terraces above flood plain of Volga are formed by sand with loam layers, with sod-podzol sandy and sandy loam soil in combination with marshy soil, with fir-pine forest, with from lichen bogs to sphagnum bog; in lowlands, on old felling plots, on abandoned peat mines deciduous forests with mostly birches and aspens prevail.
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Wolff, Dietmar, Holger Vo¨lzke, Wolfgang Weber, Volker Noack und Gu¨nther Ba¨uerle. „Long-Term Storage Facility for Reactor Compartments in Sayda Bay: German Support for Utilization of Nuclear Submarines in Russia“. In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7083.
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The German-Russian project that is part of the G8 initiative on Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction focuses on the speedy construction of a land-based interim storage facility for nuclear submarine reactor compartments at Sayda Bay near Murmansk. This project includes the required infrastructure facilities for long-term storage of about 150 reactor compartments for a period of about 70 years. The interim storage facility is a precondition for effective activities of decommissioning and dismantlement of almost all nuclear-powered submarines of the Russian Northern Fleet. The project also includes the establishment of a computer-assisted waste monitoring system. In addition, the project involves clearing Sayda Bay of other shipwrecks of the Russian navy. On the German side the project is carried out by the Energiewerke Nord GmbH (EWN) on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour (BMWi). On the Russian side the Kurchatov Institute holds the project management of the long-term interim storage facility in Sayda Bay, whilst the Nerpa Shipyard, which is about 25 km away from the storage facility, is dismantling the submarines and preparing the reactor compartments for long-term interim storage. The technical monitoring of the German part of this project, being implemented by BMWi, is the responsibility of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). This paper gives an overview of the German-Russian project and a brief description of solutions for nuclear submarine disposal in other countries. At Nerpa shipyard, being refurbished with logistic and technical support from Germany, the reactor compartments are sealed by welding, provided with biological shielding, subjected to surface treatment and conservation measures. Using floating docks, a tugboat tows the reactor compartments from Nerpa shipyard to the interim storage facility at Sayda Bay where they will be left on the on-shore concrete storage space to allow the radioactivity to decay. For transport of reactor compartments at the shipyard, at the dock and at the storage facility, hydraulic keel blocks, developed and supplied by German subcontractors, are used. In July 2006 the first stage of the reactor compartment storage facility was commissioned and the first seven reactor compartments have been delivered from Nerpa shipyard. Following transports of reactor compartments to the storage facility are expected in 2007.
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Belotti, Vittorio, Manjula U. Hemapala, Rinaldo C. Michelini und Roberto P. Razzoli. „Robot Remote Control and Mine Sweeping“. In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59397.
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Demining is calamity of third world countries. The clearing is ceaseless, more expensive than the spreading, and terrorist return is obtained by weakening of the antagonistic population. The mines are cheapest weapon, built to make horrible injuries, affecting active people, with major falls-off into economic growth. The disaster is notably cruel in Sri Lanka, with anti-person mines spread in the northeast region. After the ceasefire, the international organisations started the mine sweeping, with poor issues, due to politico-economical motivations in direct bond with wants in the technical effectiveness. The pitiable situation is worsened, as most rich lands are removed from farming exploitation, with increasing of the internally displaced persons. Now, clearing is engineering duty, and the humanitarian goal comes to be technical challenge. The advanced robotics fulfils clean and reliable tasks, on condition to upgrade sophistication and cost and to loose third-world appropriateness. The challenge is to turn local machines and awareness into effective robotic aids, willingly used by the local people, and to enhance the on-going outcomes. The analysis, mainly, addresses the following points: - the engaged technologies need to provide special purpose outfits and to involve operators having adapted uniformity; - the work-flow pre-setting ought to detail the duty-cycles and to establish the standard achievements; - the planning has to specify the on-process warning/emergency management and the failure protection rules; - the operators’ instruction and training shall aim at off-process optimised work-flows to circumvent risky issues; - the effectiveness comes from organised routine agendas, in conformity with allotted tasks and emergency events. This is a mix of organisational and technologic demands, calling for responsible commitment of the involved people, so that the local Civil Service is entitled to do the clearing operations, and the all engaged community is solidly concerned. The winning solution shall look at low-cost robotic outfits, to be obtained with resort to nearby available resources and competences (e.g., drawn on from the local agricultural machinery and know-how), and full account of the cost limits, while aiming at the process effectiveness by the mix of enabling cues, principally deferred to enhancing the regional awareness and the factual dedication. The paper stresses on fairly unorthodox robots, addressing unmanned effectors facilities joined with intelligent remote-command abilities, not as advanced achievements, rather as cheapest productivity upgrading, assembled from standard farming devices, through the shared know-how and commitment of locally involved operators.
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Chihai, Oleg, Dumitru Erhan, Stefan Rusu, Nina Talambuta, Victoria Nistreanu, Alina Larion, Maria Zamornea und Galina Melnic. „Structura parazitismului la șoarecele scurmător in ecosisteme forestiere“. In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.35.
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Bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is widely spread silvicolous species, inhabiting in woods, forest clearings, shrub vegetation, at forest edge, near ponds with abundant vegebtation. The parasite fauna is structured of 3 classes, 13 families, 14 genera and 15 species, of which 6.6% belong to class Trematoda, 46.7% to class Cestoda and 46.7% to class Nematoda. The results of the parasitological investigations show a prevalence of Plaghiorchis elegans of 13.8% and an average intensity of 3.8 ex, respectively with Mesocestoides lineatus larvae 14.0%, 1.5 ex, Paranoplocephala omphaloides - 10.3%, 2.7 ex, Rodentolipis straminea - 69.0%, 3.0 ex, Hydatigera taeniaeformis larvae - 10.3%, 1.0 ex, Catenotaenia cricetorum - 10.3%, 2.7 ex, Skrewabinotaenia lobata - 3 ex, Taenia pisiformis - 13.7%, 1.0 ex, Capillaria hepatica - 27.5% and liver infestation is about 50.0% (++), Syphacia stroma - 17.2%, 94 ex, Syphacia obvelata - 24,1%, 84,9 ex, Heligmosomoides polygirus - 10,0%, 5,3 ex, Strongyloides ratti - 6,9%, 23,3 ex, Mastophorus muris - 17,2%, 3 , 6 ex and Trichocephalus muris 17.2%, intensity 3.8 ex. The share of the Trematoda species is 6.6%, in the Cestoda class - 46.7%, and in the Nematoda class - 46.7%. The massive abundance of foxes on large land surfaces, including ecological plasticity with tendency toward synantropization, are the primary factors in the formation, maintenance and spreading of parasitosis outbreaks in natural and anthropic ecosystems. The aim of the research is to study the diversity of parasite fauna in Myodes glareolus from forest ecosystems with specifying the parasite taxonomic structure and determining the degree of infestation.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Clearing of land"
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SPECPRO INC SAN ANTONIO TX. Programmatic Environmental Assessment for Land Clearing Activities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Februar 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada633540.
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Jaramillo, Carlos Felipe, und Thomas Kelly. Deforestation and Property Rights in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008806.
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This paper analyzes the property rights/deforestation linkage in Latin America. The analysis recognizes two separate areas where tenure issues have an effect on land clearing pressures. The first deals with the security of individual property rights on established agricultural lands and their effects on agricultural production and employment. The second involves tenurial arrangements on forested areas and their impact on the sustainable management of resources. The analysis concludes that strengthening property rights should be an important part of a strategy to reduce deforestation rates in the region. However, it also suggests that tenurial reforms are not a solution by themselves to prevent excessive land clearing.
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Lima, Eirivelthon, Siwa Msangi, Miroslav Batka, Stephen Vosti, Chad Zanocco und Ricardo Quiroga. Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Latin America and the Caribbean: Current Situation, Future Trends and One Policy Experiment. Inter-American Development Bank, Januar 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006790.
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This study employs the IFPRI IMPACT model to examine the effects of a hypothetical ban on the clearing of native vegetation for agriculture in tropical areas within LAC on GHG emissions, food production, food prices, and child malnutrition at several spatial scales. Results suggest that a complete ban on land clearing for agriculture would significantly reduce GHG emissions associated with the clearing of forests and other forms of natural vegetation vis-à-vis what would have occurred in the absence of the ban. The ban would also reduce agricultural production within tropical areas in LAC, however, the economic losses are not distributed uniformly across the three sub-regions within tropical LAC- the northern South American rim around the Amazon suffers approximately 45% of all losses in gross value of agricultural output attributable to the ban. The report also finds that at global level, the overall effects on commodity prices of the simulated ban on area expansion on LAC are not large and (hence) the effects on childhood malnutrition are small.
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Suhartono, Suhartono, Agoes Soegianto und Achmad Amzeri. Mapping of land potentially for maize plant in Madura Island-Indonesia using remote sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS). EM International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.1.
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Maize productivity in Indonesia was still low (5.241 tons/ha) compared to the average of the ten largest maize producing countries in the world (6.179 tons/ha). The potential for maize on the island of Madura is approximately 360,000 hectares. The potential for maize cultivation in Madura continues to decrease in land quality due to improper land clearing and land-use change. The purpose of this research was to make a map of land suitability for maize using Remote Sensing Data and Geographic Information System (GIS). The land suitability method for maize plants used satellite imagery as a data source, supported by fieldwork and secondary data. Data analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The results of the analysis of land suitability modeling based on agroecosystem potential found that most of the Madura area was suitable for maize cultivation. Madura island had a land area of 456,622.3ha for maize cultivation, where 170.379.5 (15.4%) was very appropriate, 211.412.3 ha (46.3%) was appropriate, 160,098.6 (35.1%) was less appropriate, and 14,732.0 ha (3.2%) was not appropriate.
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Owner of farm land pinned under tractor while clearing fence line. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Oktober 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface15mi064.
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Land clearing and forest product company owner overcome by carbon monoxide in hopper of wood chip burning boiler - Massachusetts. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface18ma022.
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