Thematische Bibliographien / Clay-based additive

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Clay-based additive“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Clay-based additive"

Roupec, J., L. Michal, Z. Strecker, M. Kubík, O. Macháček und H. J. Choi. „Influence of clay-based additive on sedimentation stability of magnetorheological fluid“. Smart Materials and Structures 30, Nr. 2 (08.01.2021): 027001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/abd345.

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Eyo, E. U., S. Ng'ambi und S. J. Abbey. „Incorporation of a nanotechnology-based additive in cementitious products for clay stabilisation“. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 12, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2020): 1056–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.12.018.

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Youssef, Nicolas, Andry Zaid Rabenantoandro, Zoubeir Lafhaj, Zakaria Dakhli, Fadi Hage Chehade und Laure Ducoulombier. „A novel approach of geopolymer formulation based on clay for additive manufacturing“. Construction Robotics 5, Nr. 2 (18.05.2021): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41693-021-00060-1.

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Kodzoev, M.-B., S. Isachenko, S. Kosarev, A. Basova, A. Skvortzov, M. Asamatdinov und A. Zhukov. „Modified gypsum binder“. MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003022.

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Gypsum-based binder modified by clay has properties close to the gypsum binder and can be used as plaster formulations or mortars. There are several reasons and chief among them is the lack of scientific based theory of formation and hardening properties of gypsum-based binder modified by clay without additives and that modified by additives. One of the classic ways of studying the mechanism of hydration of gypsum binders is the analysis of the heat liberation: hydration heat of the binder. With the thermos method of determining the heat liberation the ambient temperature is constant and the temperature of the sample which was at the beginning of the experiment changes as a result of the released heat of hydration of the gypsum; heat exchange between sample and the environment. Heat transfer is minimized through the use of thermos technology and effective insulation. The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of heat liberation during hydration of gypsum-based binder modified by clay without additives, with addition of superplasticizer and with the addition of setting retarder. Results in all cases are satisfactory. The highest degree of hydration evaluated by kinetics of heat liberation from a binder is with the addition of the superplasticizer. Application of setting retarder somewhat reduces the maximum degree of hydration and increases the hydration time. The degree of hydration of the binder with the addition of C3 additive and retarder is observed to be higher than that of gypsum-based binder modified by clay without additives. The studies confirm the possibility of using gypsum-based binder modified by clay in the composition of dry plaster mixtures for interior decoration works in premises.

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Revelo, Carlos, und Henry Colorado. „3D printing of kaolinite clay with small additions of lime, fly ash and talc ceramic powders“. Processing and Application of Ceramics 13, Nr. 3 (2019): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1903287r.

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Direct ink writing technique, an extrusion based additive manufacturing process, has been used to fabricate kaolinite clay based-ceramics with several inexpensive ceramic powders: lime, fly ash and talc. All the above materials are commonly used in the traditional ceramics industry, in both small and large industries, and therefore available worldwide. This research shows the simplicity of the process feasible not only for companies but also for individual users. The samples were fabricated with water to clay ratios (W/C) between 0.68 and 0.72. Additives were tested in 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0wt.% with respect to the clay contents, although 3 wt.% of additives worked best. Cylindrical samples were fabricated with 20mm in diameter and 20mm in height in order to test their compressive strength and density. Measurement samples were previously cured for three days at room temperature and then exposed to 1100?C for 1 h. The powdered additives and their corresponding mixtures with clay were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction techniques. Results showed that samples with 0.70 W/C ratio and using fly ash as an additive were the best in terms of workability, mechanical properties and surface finishing.

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Kokunešoski, Maja, Aleksandra Šaponjić, Vesna Maksimović, Miroslav Stanković, Mirjana Pavlović, Jelena Pantić und Jelena Majstorović. „Preparation and characterization of clay-based porous ceramics with boric acid as additive“. Ceramics International 40, Nr. 9 (November 2014): 14191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.06.007.

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Adpakpang, Kanyaporn, Seung Mi Oh, Boyeon Park und Seong-Ju Hwang. „Exfoliated clay nanosheets as an efficient additive for improving the electrode functionality of graphene-based nanocomposites“. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 4, Nr. 3 (2017): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qi00446f.

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Ermilova, Elizaveta, und Zagira Kamalova. „The influence of calcined mixture cooling method on hydration products composition of blended cement stone“. E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127404011.

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Complex additives based on combinations of calcined clays, including kaolinite with limestone, due to the synergetic effect play a major role in the creation of blended cements. Usually carbonate rocks contain clay impurities with adverse effects on the properties of the resultant cements and concretes. At the same time calcium carbonate contained in marl clays during calcination allows getting high-quality pozzolanic material. The effective complex additive based on the calcined mixture of clay and limestone was created. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of fast and slow cooling methods of the artificial mixture after calcination on the hydration products composition of blended cement stone with complex additives of calcined mixtures of clays and carbonates. Obtained results allow determining the conditions for obtaining effective complex additives based on calcined mixtures of ubiquitous clays and carbonate rocks for their application in blended Portland cement, and thus to expand the range of the latter. It is found that the preferred method is the fast cooling of the resulting mixture, which contributes to obtaining a complex additive with higher pozzolanic properties, compared with the additive obtained by the slow cooling method.

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Ermilova, Elizaveta, und Zagira Kamalova. „The influence of complex additives based on calcined clays and carbonate fillers on hydration products composition of blended cement stone“. E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127404004.

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One of the most effective and recognizable way to solve energy and resource consumption problems in cement industry is the development of blended Portland cement with different combinations of mineral additives. The development of complex additives based on combination of calcined clays and limestone is one of the promising directions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of complex additives based on calcined kaolinitic clay with kaolinite content of 80 % and limestone with calcite content of 99 % on the blended cement stone hydration products at the age of 28 days. Using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry the composition of blended cement stone hydration products was studied. It is established that the introduction of 20 % of the complex additive based on calcined clay and limestone leads to a significant decrease of the portlandite content, increase in the number of new growths in form of low-calcium hydrosilicates and calcium hidrocarboalumosilicates, stabilization of ettringiteand calcium hydrocarbosilicates in amorphous phase, that significantly increases the compressive strength. This effect was amplified due to the additional alumina provided by calcined clay reaction.

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Rumi, M. Kh, Sh K. Irmatova, Sh A. Fayziev, M. A. Zufarov, E. P. Mansurova, E. M. Urazaeva und G. M. Arushanov. „Phase composition, microstructure and properties of aluminosilicate lightweight materials obtained by the method of burnable additives“. NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), Nr. 10 (23.01.2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2019-10-3-9.

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The nature of phase formation and the properties of aluminosilicate lightweight materials created from raw materials from the Angren and Samarkand deposits of Uzbekistan are studied. The phase composition, microstructure, and physicotechnical properties of the compositions with the addition of plastic black clay and a burnable additive in the form of coke of various fractional composition were determined. It is shown that the materials of the Angrenskoye deposit are more prone to cristobalitization, which is due to the low content of alkaline oxides and a fine-grained structure. The optimum complex of properties is possessed by lightweights based on cracked clay with a burnable additive in the form of polyfraction coke. Ill. 3. Ref. 13. Tab. 2.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Clay-based additive"

Michal, Lukáš. „Zlepšení sedimentační stability MR kapalin použitím bentonitových jílů“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443152.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of sedimentation stability of magnetorheological fluids, whis represents one of the most important characteristics determining the reliability of these fluids. Higher sedimentation stability can by achieved in several ways. Methods that are further examined in the thesis include particle polymerization and the addition of clay mineral additives. Both achieve positive results by schowing increased sedimentation stability. However, in the case of additives, the effect is much higher. In particular, the CLAYTONE 40 additive achieves a lower particle sedimentation rate while maintaining the same viscosity as the commercial LORD-122ED. The results provide significant knowledge in the field and can bring magnetorheological fluids closer to wider commercial use.

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Zestos, Alexander George. „Effects of Metal-Based Montmorillonite Clay and Zeolite Additives on the Fire Retardance and Smoke Suppression of Poly(vinyl Chloride)“. W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626874.

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Yang, Yi-hsuan, und 楊逸璇. „Effects of reactive microgel-based low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4c56yy.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
94
The effects of reactive microgel (RM) particle type of low-profile additives (LPA), nano-scale core-shell rubber (CSR) tougheners, and montmorillonite clay (MMT) on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems have been investigated. The scattering intensity of unsaturated polyester (UP) in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. Hence, the ease at which the UP molecule can diffuse into the gallery spacing of the MMT clay can be evaluated. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP/additive ternary system during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP/additive ternary systems has been measured by the method of thermally stimulated currents (TSC) and the method of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

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Guo, Ting-jhen, und 郭庭蓁. „Effects of reactive microgel-based low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rhs289.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
94
The effect of three series of additives, including(1) reactive microgel particle, (2) nano- scale core-shell rubber toughener, and (3) montmori- llonite clay, on the morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics, and internal pigmentability for the styrene(ST)/ unsaturated polyester(UP) /additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experi- mental results have been explained by integrated measurements com- bining phase characteristic of the ST/UP/additive ternary system before the cure, cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Clay-based additive"

Ordoñez, Edisson, und Henry A. Colorado. „Additive Manufacturing via the Direct Ink Writing Technique of Kaolinite-Based Clay with Electric Arc Furnace Steel Dust (EAF Dust)“. In Energy Technology 2020: Recycling, Carbon Dioxide Management, and Other Technologies, 307–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36830-2_29.

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Kristly, Ferenc. „Implications of Cellulose in Modeling the Behavior of Vegetal Additive Materials in Clay Based Ceramics: Technical and Archaeological Issues“. In Cellulose - Fundamental Aspects. InTech, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53526.

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Pesetskii, S. S., S. P. Bogdanovich und V. N. Aderikha. „Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites Produced by Dispersing Layered Silicates in Thermoplastic Melts“. In Polymer Nanocomposites for Advanced Engineering and Military Applications, 66–94. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7838-3.ch003.

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Results of the studies of technology, structural features and properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites (n-PCM) prepared by melt compounding of thermoplastic polymers are systematized. Special attention is given to the analysis of the effect of nanoclays modification with surfactants on properties of nanocomposites and preparation features of nanomaterials based on polar, non-polar thermoplastics and polymer blends. Effect of technological factors and special compounding regimes in the technology of n-PCM with advanced technical characteristics is considered. Results of the original studies of the structure and properties of the hybrid composites, filled by high modulus fibers in addition to nanoclays, are presented.

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Pesetskii, S. S., S. P. Bogdanovich und V. N. Aderikha. „Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites Produced by Dispersing Layered Silicates in Thermoplastic Melts“. In Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 1002–30. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch041.

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Trinkaus, Erik, Alexandra P. Buzhilova, Maria B. Mednikova und Maria V. Dobrovolskaya. „The Sunghir Human Skeletal Remains“. In The People of Sunghir. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199381050.003.0007.

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The Sunghir human remains originally consisted of the three associated skeletons from the two burials, Sunghir 1, 2, and 3, plus the remains of six other individuals. Sunghir 1 to 3 consist of largely complete skeletons that sustained the inevitable partial crushing, fragmentation, and bone disintegration that accompanies human remains buried in open air sites for 28,000 years. Sunghir 4 is the adult femur shaft that was ritually placed in the Sunghir 2 and 3 burial, next to the left shoulder of Sunghir 2 (chapter 3). Sunghir 5 is a partial adult cranium, found in the sediments above Grave 1. Sunghir 6 is a mature hemimandible, identified as human after excavation from among the faunal remains above Grave 2. There were also the unnumbered remains of the skeleton in Grave 2bis, which were not retained (see discussion in chapter 3). In addition to these human fossils, the remains of three additional individuals were originally found, numbered Sunghir 7 to 9. Sunghir 7 was found in the deposits between the two graves and consisted of a portion of a human femur, variously described as adolescent or from a young adult female. Sunghir 8 consisted of portions of a femur and a skull (a frontal bone, a probable parietal bone, and a temporal bone), found in 1969 in an additional clay pit. Sunghir 9 was a partial skeleton found in 1972 in an additional clay pit. None of the Sunghir 7 to 9 human remains can be currently located. The Sunghir 7 and 8 remains were briefly described by anthropologists and forensic scientists in Moscow, and the limited information on Sunghir 9 is based on reports by the Vladimir Ceramic Works workers. The available human remains from Sunghir therefore consist of the Sunghir 1 to 3 partial skeletons, the Sunghir 4 partial femur, and the Sunghir 5 and 6 cranium and mandible. These specimens are currently curated in the Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction of the Institute of Anthropology and Ethnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Bunker, Bruce C., und William H. Casey. „The Chemistry of Extended Oxide Surfaces“. In The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.003.0011.

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In Chapters 4 and 5, we demonstrated that local structures and charge distributions have an enormous impact on the equilibrium constants, trajectories, and kinetics of reactions involving soluble oxide precursors. In this chapter, we highlight those features that make reactions on extended oxide surfaces either similar to or dramatically different from the reactions documented in hydrolysis diagrams for each metal cation (see Chapter 5). We first describe oxide surface structures and then discuss how these structures impact both acid–base and ligand-exchange phenomena. In addition to dense oxides, we also introduce some of the chemistry associated with layered materials. Lamellar materials are important from both a fundamental and technological perspective, because water and ions can readily penetrate such structures and provide conditions under which almost every oxygen anion is at an oxide–water interface (see Chapter 10 and Chapter 11). This chapter focuses on oxides containing octahedral cations. The distinctive chemistry of oxides based on tetrahedral cations, including the clay minerals and the zeolites, are the focus of Part Five. The structures of bulk oxides were introduced in Chapter 2. However, for many oxides, the surface structures that interact with aqueous solutions are substantially different from structures found in the bulk. Here, we introduce the basic principles of oxide surfaces that make them chemically active. As a starting point, consider ideal oxide surfaces containing +2 octahedral cations. Pristine oxide surfaces can be created by cleaving perfect crystals in an ultrahigh-vacuum environment. The creation of new surfaces requires an expenditure of energy corresponding to the cohesive energy of the solid, which in turn represents the energy required to break every bond along a given fracture plane. For MgO, the Mg−O bond energy is 380 kJ/mole. Each surface created contains 1.4.1019 oxygen atoms/m2, or 2.4.10−5 moles of bonds. Because two surfaces are created in the fracture event, the initial interfacial energy of each resulting MgO surface is (1/2)(380 kJ/mole)/(2.4_10−5 mole/m2 )=4560 mJ/m2.

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Mušič, Branko, und Barbara Horn. „Results of Geophysical Investigations Related to the Excavated Remains of the Late Antique and Early Mediaeval Iron Production Sites in the Podravina Region, Croatia“. In Interdisciplinary Research into Iron Metallurgy along the Drava River in Croatia, 18–42. Archaeopress Archaeology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/9781803271026-3.

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Several sites containing relatively high quantities of waste products from the bloomery iron production collected during archaeological field surveys in the Podravina region as part of the TransFER project were subsequently investigated by magnetic prospecting and topsoil apparent magnetic susceptibility mapping. The magnetic method proved to be very effective in identifying various archaeological remains of iron production activity in situ due to the high magnetic susceptibility of materials present in iron production workshops, which was confirmed in relation to the results of archaeological excavations at Sušine near Virje as well as Velike Hlebine and Dedanovice near the Hlebine sites. Reasons for the higher magnetic susceptibility include, in addition to the strongly magnetic minerals in iron production waste, fragments of fired clay from furnace construction and features such as shallow pits with burnt bottoms, as well as any other materials that have been exposed to high temperatures (burnt house plaster, etc.). The sites with remains of bloomery iron production were therefore reliably identified on the basis of their magnetic properties and the results were evaluated in relation to the excavated features. This study has also demonstrated that the sites with iron production activity present can also be reliably identified on the basis of changes in the apparent magnetic susceptibility of the topsoil to a depth of only 5 cm, after partial destruction of the archaeological layers by deep ploughing. These anomalies generally have a wider spatial distribution than those detected by magnetometers, due to a wide dispersion of material by ploughing mechanisms. With the aim of identifying layers with major enrichments of bog iron ore, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were carried out at the site Novigrad Podravski–Milakov Berek, where pieces of bog iron ore appeared on the surface. Based on these results, we have not been able to reliably identify ore deposits, but it has been shown that it is possible to identify layers of relatively low resistivity on ERT profiles that have increased iron mineral content, as confirmed by X-ray analysis of core samples from shallow drillings at several other locations in the Podravina region.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Clay-based additive"

Alkindi, Tawaddod, Mozah Alyammahi und Rahmat Agung Susantyoko. „Investigation and Characterization of Clay Mixture Feedstock for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing“. In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23715.

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Abstract The extrusion-based AM technique has been recently employed for rapid ceramic components fabrication due to scalability and cost-efficiency. This paper investigated aspects of the extrusion technique to print ceramic materials. Specifically, we assessed and developed a process recipe of the formulations (the composition of water and ethanol-based clay mixtures) and mixing processes. Different clay paste formulations were prepared by varying clay, water, ethanol ratios. The viscosity of clay paste was measured using a DV3T Viscometer. Afterward, the produced clay paste was used as a feedstock for WASP Delta 60100 3D printer for computer-controlled extrusion deposition. We evaluated the quality of the clay paste based on (i) pumpability, (ii) printability, and (iii) buildability. Pressure and flow rate were monitored to assess the pumpability. The nozzle was monitored for continuous material extrusion to assess printability. The maximum layer-without-collapse height was monitored to assess the buildability. This study correlated the mixture composition and process parameters, to the viscosity of the mixture, at the same printing speed. We found that 85 wt% clay, 5 wt% water, 10 wt% ethanol paste formulation, with the viscosity of 828000 cP, 202400 cP, 40400 cP at 1, 5, and 50 rpm, respectively, demonstrates good pumpability, as well as best printability and buildability.

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Kalhor Mohammadi, Mojtaba, Shervin Taraghikhah, Mohammad Saeed Karimi Rad und Koroush Tahmasbi Nowtaraki. „Developing New Generation of Environmentally Friendly Nano Based Low Saline Water-Based Drilling Fluid“. In SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202111-ms.

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Abstract Developing high-performance environmentally friendly drilling fluids is always a requirement by oil and gas operators to reduce the waste management associated cost with the drilling fluid treatment and disposal. Conventional water-based drilling fluid is formulated with the brine-based polymer which consists of sodium and potassium chloride salts to improve the performance of the polymer and also providing clay inhibition in reactive clay and shale. This paper describes the development of nanotechnology-based drilling fluid to replace salt from the conventional application. Nano Based Low Saline Water Based Mud (NBLS-WBM) was formulated and developed based on laboratory experiments. Different nano additives with different concentrations were evaluated and the optimum concentration was selected to reduce the sodium and potassium chloride salts concentration to almost zero. The rheological properties and fluid loss were measured according to the API standard before and after hot rolling. Also, HPHT fluid loss, lubricity, and shale inhibition were evaluated. All the results were compared with sodium salt-saturated and potassium-based polymer muds. Laboratory evaluation of NBLS-WBM indicated that sodium salt concentration can be reduced considerably up to 5% W/V and potassium chloride can be eliminated by adding 1% W/W of nano additive. The rheological properties including plastic viscosity and yield point were constant and stable after hot rolling 16 hours at 250 °F. Also, Clay inhibition improved significantly up to 95% recovery comparing with conventional water-based polymer mud. Although the application of nanotechnology to improve the performance of conventional water-based drilling fluid was studied by many researchers, it is the novelty of this research to reduce the salt concentration and remove it to develop the new generation of salt-free water-based drilling fluid with economical consideration and lower environmental impact.

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Bhardwaj, Abhinav, Negar Kalantar, Elmer Molina, Na Zou und Zhijian Pei. „Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Porcelain: Feasible Regions“. In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-3004.

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Abstract 3D printing processes have found several applications in automobile, aerospace, and biomedical industries. Recent development of large-scale 3D printing processes has fueled applications in the construction industry. Materials such as ceramic clay (porcelain) can now be used in additive manufacturing (AM). However, information regarding the effect of process parameters on part quality is limited. There is a need to study the effects of various parameters on the successful printing of samples for the construction industry. This paper presents an experimental study to determine the feasible parameter regions for extrusion-based 3D printing of porcelain using a Delta WASP 2040 Clay printer. The printing parameters studied are extruder height, layer thickness, print speed and air pressure. The effects of these parameters on the surface quality of the printed samples are examined. The identified feasible parameter regions from this study would provide preliminary insights on material extrusion-based 3D printing of porcelain.

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Wu, Q., Y. Lei, F. Yao, Y. Xu und K. Lian. „Properties of HDPE/Clay/Wood Nanocomposites“. In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21603.

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Composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), pine flour, and organic clay were made by melt compounding and injection molding. The influence of clay on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, water absorption, and thermal stability of HDPE/pine composites were investigated. The HDPE/pine composites containing exfoliated clay were made by a two-step melt compounding procedure with a maleated polyethylene (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Adding 2% clay to a HDPE/pine composite without MAPE decreased the crystallization temperature (Tc) and rate, and the crystallinity level. When 2% MAPE was added, the Tc and crystallization rate increased, but the crystallinity level was lowered. The flexural strength and the tensile strength of HDPE/pine composites increased 19.6% and 24.2% respectively with addition of 1% clay but then decreased slightly as the clay content was increased to 3%. The tensile modulus and tensile elongation were increased 11.8% and 13% respectively with addition of 1% clay but the storage and loss moduli barely change as the clay content was increased to 3%. The impact strength was lowered 7.5% by adding 1% clay, but did not decrease further as more clay was added. The moisture content and thickness swelling of the HDPE/pine composites was reduced by the clay, but did not improve the thermal stability.

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Lemmens, Karel, Marc Aertsens, Ve´ra Pirlet, Norbert Maes, Hugo Moors und Piere Van Iseghem. „Measurement of Glass Corrosion in Boom Clay Disposal Conditions: First Results of the Experimental Programme 2000-2003 of SCK•CEN“. In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4774.

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To estimate the lifetime of vitrified high level waste (HLW-glass) in Boom Clay disposal conditions, the dissolution behaviour of waste glass has been studied with experiments performed in surface laboratories and in the HADES underground research facility of SCK·CEN since 1980. We present the main topics and first results of the SCK·CEN programme 2000–2003. This programme focuses on the following items: (1) the diffusion/sorption/precipitation of silica in Boom clay or backfill clay, (2) demonstration of glass dissolution behaviour in realistic test conditions, (3) the effect of presaturation of the clay with silica, and (4) the estimation of near field concentrations of critical isotopes. The experiments have shown so far that Si, released by the glass, is effectively immobilized by Boom Clay, but it can nevertheless diffuse into the clay without immediately precipitating. The dissolution rate of glass SON68 and SM539 is determined in Boom Clay at in situ density and at 30°C (this is the long-term temperature expected near the waste glass packages in a Boom Clay repository). The dissolution rates, based on glass mass losses, are constant during the first year, at ∼ 0.010 g.m−2.day−1 for glass SON68 and ∼ 0.012 g.m−2.day−1 for glass SM539. The addition of glass frit causes a decrease of the glass dissolution rate, both with glass SON68 and SM539, and both in Boom Clay and in FoCa-clay. In FoCa-clay at high density with glass frit, the dissolution rates, based on glass mass losses, after 8 months at 30°C are ∼ 0.001 g.m−2.day−1 (SM539) and ∼0.005 g.m−2.day−1 (SON68). Because the experiments performed in Boom Clay and FoCa-clay with glass frit simulate realistic conditions (high clay density, low temperature), they can be used to estimate the maximum glass dissolution rate in a (Boom) clay repository. The corresponding minimum lifetime of a glass canister, calculated with the SCK·CEN code for lifetime predictions, is of the order of 105 to 106 years, if we neglect the internal glass surface area (due to cracking). In more diluted clay suspensions with glass frit, the glass dissolution rate is 10−4 to 10−5 g.m−2.day−1 or even zero. This would correspond to a lifetime of >>106 years. So far, there is no indication that the addition of glass frit leads to secondary phase formation at low temperature (30–40°C). Leach experiments with doped glasses SON68 and SM539 suggest that the maximum concentrations of most critical radionuclides in near field conditions are lower than the best estimate solubilities used for performance assessment studies in Boom Clay. For Se, relatively high concentrations were measured, though. The research programme for the underground laboratory is not discussed.

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Aluvihara, Suresh, C. S. Kalpage und P. W. S. K. Bandaranayake. „The elementary characterization of anthill clay for composite materials“. In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.2.

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Anthill clay is a distinct soil/clay genre among common soil types because of the extraordinary stockpiling method. The small particles are carried in and erected an anthill by a small creature that it is called as termite. In generally, clay is a conspicuous raw material for industrial applications greatly and the assay of expediencies of anthill clay for advanced material applications were the prospects of the existing research. Carefully collected anthill clay samples were characterized under the physically and chemically using standard procedures and instruments. The mechanical characteristics of prepared bricks from anthill clays under 8000C were investigated. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation of raw clays, there were looked to 5.56 of PH value, 15% of natural moisture content, gap graded and symmetrically distributed arrangement of grains, 60% finer particle percentage (<0.075mm) according to the weight, composition of Fe, Ti, Ba and K based compounds including Fe minerals with large sorption capacity for other metals. In addition that 25% of water absorption, 2.62 of bulk specific gravity, 65% of apparent porosity, 21 Mpa compressive strength and 0.4 Mpa splitting tensile strength were observed with respect to the bricks which were prepared from the anthill clay. Based on the behaviors of such anthill clay it should be an influential material in the advanced material manufacturing in the industrial purposes such as the water treatments, rigid materials, catalysts and refractors.

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Ghazali, Nurul Aimi, Shigemi Naganawa, Yoshihiro Masuda, Wan Asma Ibrahim und Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar. „Eco-Friendly Drilling Fluid Deflocculant for Drilling High Temperature Well: A Review“. In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78149.

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Conventional clay-based drilling fluids often experienced difficulties in controlling the rheological properties, gelation, and filtration due to flocculation of clay at the temperature higher than 121°C. Deflocculant or thinner, one of the drilling fluid additives, serves a significant role in preventing the association of clay particles particularly in high temperature environments such as high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) deep-water drilling. Lignosulfonate has been commonly used in the industry as deflocculant for clay-based drilling fluids since the late 1950s as a replacement for Quebracho tannin. Degradation at the elevated temperature limits the usage of anionic polymer and lignosulfonate. In improving the stability of deflocculant at high temperature, lignosulfonate is admixed or reacted with chromium and iron compound to obtain ferro-chrome lignosulfonate whose temperature limit is approximately 190°C. While recent ferro-chrome lignosulfonate contains less chrome than in the past, development of more environmentally friendly and higher thermally stable deflocculant is still needed. In HPHT environment which requires high-density drilling fluid, a higher thermally-stable deflocculant is also valuable for barite sagging that becomes problematic at a temperature higher than 200°C. Several findings in the past development of adhesives show that addition of tannin improves the thermal stability of lignosulfonate. Tannin is a polyphenolic compound that is natural, non-toxic and biodegradable and can be found in various part of a vascular plant other than Quebracho. Lignosulfonate, on the other hand, is a byproduct of the paper pulping process. Tannin and lignosulfonate are cross-linked to obtain tannin–lignosulfonate for use as a high-temperature drilling fluid deflocculant. Tannin and lignin are the most abundant compounds extracted from biomass. The wide availability of tannin and lignosulfonate is an advantage from a manufacturing cost viewpoint. In this paper, an overview of drilling fluids, classification of drilling fluid, high temperature reservoir environment, and mechanisms of dispersion and deflocculation are presented. Further discussion on the potential development of eco-friendly tannin–lignosulfonate based drilling fluid system for the high temperature well development also presented.

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Gurmendi, U., J. I. Eguiazabal und J. Nazabal. „Structure and Properties of Nanocomposites With a Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Matrix“. In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17087.

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Polymer nanocomposites based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET and with an intercalated and fairly dispersed nanostructure have been obtained in the melt state using a twin screw extruder. The intercalation and dispersion levels as well as the mechanical properties were studied varying the chemical nature and amount of the organic modification of the clay as well as the clay content. The intercalation level of PET into the organoclay galleries was measured by the increase in the interlayer distance upon mixing. The surfactant content did not influence the intercalation level but an interaction between the polymeric matrix and the surfactant, through a common polar character led to easier intercalation. The observed modulus increases and consequently the overall dispersion did not almost depend on either the amount or chemical nature of the used organic modification of the clay, suggesting that the parameters leading to high intercalation differ from those lead to a high modulus of elasticity and therefore to a high dispersion level. The obtained increases in the modulus of elasticity that reflect the dispersion level were large attaining a 41% increase with respect to that of the matrix after a 6wt% clay addition.

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Zhang, Qiyi, Qinghua Wang, Ying Zhang und Qi Wang. „Study on Deformation Law About Six Degrees of Freedom Circular Foundation of Seabed“. In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83637.

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Some foundations of Ocean engineering structures are always in addition to withstand the vertical gravity loads, but also to horizontal loads induced by sea wave and current, which makes the foundation subjected to concentrated force, overturning loads and torque loads, the above loading state including vertical, horizontal and overturning moment loads are termed combined loading. So it is very necessary for the safety of ocean engineering structures to study the deformation law of submarine seabed due to combined loading. On the basis of the three-dimensional elastic mechanics solution of circular foundations, the deformation law of submarine clay under circular foundation with six degrees of freedom is analyzed in detail using numerical calculation methods. Based on the above numerical results, this paper gives the elastic deformation law of clay in three dimensional spaces, gives a modification to the traditional elasticity theoretical solutions, and gives clay coupled deformation mechanism under three-dimensional circular foundation with six degrees of freedom.

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Diegel, Olaf, Andrew Withell, Deon Debeer und Mark Wu. „A Case Study in 3D Printed Porous Ceramics: Infant Incubator Humidification System“. In ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2012-7114.

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This paper describes research in adapting 3D printers to operate with low-cost ceramic materials. The components produced with these clay-based ceramic powders can be fired to produce strong, complex and lightweight ceramic parts. The final material properties, including the porosity of the parts, can be controlled through the part design and, potentially, through additives to the material that burn out during firing. The paper begins with a brief description of the 3D printing process and how it can be used with clay powders. It then introduces a factorial design experiment initiated to explore the effect of ingredient and parameter variations on the dimensional stability and material properties of green and fired ceramic parts. It then presents a case study in which 3D printed ceramic parts are used in the humidification system for an infant incubator for developing countries.

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