Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Civilization, modern – history“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Civilization, modern – history"
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Dolenko, Dmitry V., und Stanislav A. Malchenkov. „RUSSIA IN THE MULTICILIZATIONAL WORLD: STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTIONS“. Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 19, Nr. 2 (29.06.2019): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.046.019.201902.150-160.
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Introduction. The study of the civilizational development stages of Russia is relevant due to the increasing role of the civilization factor in the modern multi-civilization world. The analysis of the scientific literature on the civilizational development of Russia shows that views on the nature of Russian civilization are pluralistic. The aim of the work is to analyze the historical stages of the civilizational development of Russia. The main tasks include the analysis of the Orthodox, Soviet and modern Russian civilization, their role in the multi-civilization world. Materials and Methods. The theoretical civilization model of S. Huntington is used as a theoretical and methodological basis for the analysis of the Russian civilization. To identify the stages of formation of the Russian civilization, historical, comparative, institutional and structural-functional methods were used. Results. From the point of view of its civilization development, Russia has gone through three stages: the formation of an Orthodox civilization, Soviet and Modern. Orthodox civilization was the core of a multi-ethnic and multi-religious cultural community of the Russian Empire. Its unique qualities did not predetermine confrontation and hostility towards the states of other civilizations. The Soviet civilization was formed as a result of state policy on the basis of communist ideology. It was in confrontation with the capitalist states of other (primarily Western) civilizations. The modern civilization of Russia is formed on the basis of the historical cultures of the peoples of Russia and the institutions of a democratic state of law. Its characteristic features create the possibility of cooperation with other civilizations of the modern world. Discussion and Conclusions. The civilizational development of Russia includes three stages, within which three different civilizations were formed: Orthodox, Soviet and Modern. Throughout its history, Russia has interacted with its surrounding countries and carried out a cultural and civilizational exchange with them. In most cases, this exchange was peaceful and mutually beneficial.
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Андрей Владимирович, Панков. „The civilizational-elitist approach: the actual change of research optics“. STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, Nr. 1 (29.03.2024): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2024-1-1-209-216.
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The article substantiates that the civilizational-elitist approach develops a civilizational approach in the direction of analyzing the mechanisms and necessary prerequisites for the evolution, flourishing and decline of civilizations on a cultural and value basis and actualizes the problem of the quality of elites. He demands a multivariate and pluralistic understanding of world history, adequate to the modern stage of the development of the humanities, which allows us to move away from the Western understanding of civilization and its imperative universality. In modern social and political sciences, this makes it possible to use the concepts of the "civilizational matrix", "cultural and civilizational code", "sociocultural landscape", "state-civilization" to denote the cultural and civilizational originality and uniqueness of a country and a national state that has its own value and foundations the sustainable successful socioeconomic and political development of a particular region.
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Tetelmin, Vladimir. „Energy-demographic history of the modern civilization“. Population 24, Nr. 2 (29.06.2021): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.13.
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The continuous increase in human energy production per caput is accompanied by an increase in the world population. The work considers the demographic history of civilization as a function of the growing production and use of the energy by mankind. The evolution in the «energy-man» system took place relatively safely for the biosphere and a man up to the value of the per caput energy consumption of 11,000 kW*h/year*person that was achieved by civilization in 1950. Modern high per caput energy consumption of civilization is achieved at the cost of the loss of the environment-forming functioning by the biosphere and at the cost of the loss of the psychophysical health of a person. We can see the prospects for development of civilization through analysis of the energy-demographic history of mankind over the past 200 years. The features of fertility and mortality in the world are considered depending on the per caput energy consumption with a forecast for the future. Two limits to the growth of global energy production were formulated in terms of preventing harm to humans. Corresponding analytical dependencies are proposed. To prevent an ecological and demographic catastrophe and ensure transition of civilization to sustainable development, it is proposed to reduce the world energy production to 140*1012 kW*h/year with a decrease in per caput energy consumption to a relatively safe level of 18,000 kW*h/year*person, which existed in society in 1970. After this «step back» civilization will enter a state of relatively safe existence.
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Kalakura, Yaroslav. „ANTHROPOCENTRICISM AND SOCIOCULTURAL APPROACH AS COMPONENTS OF CIVILIZATION UNDERSTANDING OF UKRAINIAN HISTORY“. Kyiv Historical Studies 11, Nr. 2 (2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2020.2.10.
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The methodological significance of the transition to civilizational knowledge of history is clarified in the article. The author notes that the methodological reorientation of historians and the transition to the study of the history of the Ukrainian people in the context of the civilization paradigm have contributed for raising the scientific level of historical studies. Due to this, a new vision of key problems of domestic and foreign history was formed and a number of falsified and distorted issues in the imperial and Soviet times were refuted. This made it possible to demonstrate the civilizational identity of Ukraine. Modern science considers the sociocultural approach as a methodological tool for the systematic study of the interaction of all spheres of society. Culture appears as an important criterion for the content and quality of social life. The civilizational model of the historical cognition overcomes the gaps of the Ukrainian history and promotes the establishment of Ukrainian identity. It prevents ignoring the traditional culture and mentality of the Ukrainian people, the deep regional features of the country. With the civilizational knowledge of Ukraine is related it civilizational choice, the European integration processes, which is based on a dialogue with Europe. In the civilization paradigm, the history of Ukraine is considered as the history of a separate country, but not in isolation, in relation to the history of other peoples, in the context of regional and world civilizations.
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Naz, Fariha, und Muhammad Asif. „Contemporary Clash of Civilization and Iqbal`s Thought“. Journal of Languages, Culture and Civilization 4, Nr. 4 (31.12.2022): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/jlcc.v4i4.151.
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Iqbal`s poetry is a world of wisdom and Sagacity. Iqbal put forth the idea of universal civilization along with other ideas. The modern concept of civilization seems attached with tools and devices in human history. Whereas the comparison of civilizations has given rise to of questions and arguments pertaining to civilization, the discussion of contemporary clash of civilization has under discussion on consistence basis. This debate has risen especially after end of the Cold War. The European concept of universal civilization establishes its superiority. Contrary to this, Iqbal`s concept of universal civilization springs from Islamic principles of brotherhood, love and peace. According to iqbal, practicing the Islamic values can redeem Muslims of Current Struggle.
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Novozhilov, A. M. „Tellurocratic strategies in the modern world“. Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 20, Nr. 3 (05.10.2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2021-20-3-168-174.
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Global contradictions are forming in the world, among such contradictions one can single out the confrontation between tellurocratic and thalassocratic states, land states and sea states. An alternative to globalization can be multipolarity, that is, a situation where different civilizations persist. Russia will be able to become a pole of a multipolar world when it realizes itself as a civilization with a certain set of cultural and other values based on history, culture, fundamental traditions of the ideals of universality and conciliarity.
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Novozhilov, A. M. „Tellurocratic strategies in the modern world“. Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 20, Nr. 3 (05.10.2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2021-20-3-168-174.
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Global contradictions are forming in the world, among such contradictions one can single out the confrontation between tellurocratic and thalassocratic states, land states and sea states. An alternative to globalization can be multipolarity, that is, a situation where different civilizations persist. Russia will be able to become a pole of a multipolar world when it realizes itself as a civilization with a certain set of cultural and other values based on history, culture, fundamental traditions of the ideals of universality and conciliarity.
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Lukin, A. „The Sino-US Conflict in the Light of History of International Relations“. World Economy and International Relations 66, Nr. 1 (2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-1-16-27.
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This article addresses the current confrontation between the United States and China in the context of the history of international relations and civilization expansions. The work demonstrates how most attempts to analyze the essence of this important phenomenon in modern world politics are based on too narrow a view: both from the standpoint of world history and the entire system of modern international relations. The author introduces the concepts of “Westernism” and “Westernist period” in order to describe the modern world. These terms are reminiscent of “Hellenism” and “Hellenistic period”, which the period of the global spread of Western civilizational models. Using world history as an example, the author examines characteristic features of such periods and concludes that the wide geographical spread of the cultural forms of any civilization and the civilizational unity caused by it historically did not lead to complete political unity. As a rule, this spread ended in a period of fragmentation, which in the sense of international relations can be called multipolarity. The author infers that the current Sino-US conflict is neither purely civilizational nor geopolitical, but it demonstrates that civilizationally united westernized world enters a period of political fragmentation. This is how one should understand the process, which in the modern foreign policy language is called the transition from unipolarity to multipolarity.
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Shemyakin, Iakov. „Image of reality and reality of image: the problem of civilizational identity in the light of the experience of socio-cultural “Frontier”“. Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, Nr. 1 (30.06.2020): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5982.
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The article deals with the problem of civilizational identity in the light of the experience of socio-cultural “borderland”. The author defines identity as a state of community or personality that has acquired the meaning of existence and, thus, integrity. Under the condition of identity differ in the image of identity and the identificational pivot-invariant. The image of identity is a spiritual reality, the basis of the “spiritual body” of civilization, reflecting its ideas about itself, its place in history. Identifying a core-invariant is the reality of the connection of the spiritual and the material “body” of civilization. In its spiritual aspect it is either the same as (fully or partially) with the image of civilization, or is in conflict (to varying degrees). The key characteristic of civilizations of the “borderline” type-the dominant of diversitydetermined the specificity of their identification sphere: relatively frequent (in comparison with the great “classical” civilizations of the East and the West) change of identity images while maintaining the same identification invariant – the process of interaction of diverse traditions. According to the author, the experience of civilizational “borderland” is especially valuable in modern conditions. The main conclusions that can be drawn from the study of this experience. First, it is possible to achieve the unity of the civilizational system in the conditions of the dominant diversity. Secondly, it is possible to preserve the identificational core-invariant with a relatively frequent (again, in comparison with the great “classical” civilizations of the East and the West) change in the images of the identity of civilizations of the “border” type.
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Granin, Yury D. „“Civilization” and Civilizational Evolution of Russia“. Voprosy Filosofii, Nr. 12 (2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2020-12-34-44.
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The article analyzes the problem of productivity of using a civilizational approach to the analysis of the current state of Russia and its history. The content of the term “civilization” is discussed. The necessity of understanding civilization in two modes of implementation is proved: as a process and as a state. “Civilization” is interpreted by the author as an interdisciplinary category to denote the diversity of cultural and historical types of development of economically and politically connected large communities of people and/or their aggregates (communities), subjectively and symbolically integrated into a relatively unified whole through historical and social imagination, cultural meanings, values and norms that serve as the cause, purpose and basis for the organization and functioning of these communities. This definition is concretized by revealing the dialectics of the relationship of social, cultural, cognitive and institutional components of “civilization” using the example of Russia in the historical range from Kievan Rus to the modern Russian Federation. The most important institutional factors in the formation and development of civilizations, their interaction and expansion over long distances were “universal States” – “kingdoms” and “empires”. Studying the formation and development of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire and the USSR, the author comes to the conclusion that historically these political forms had several civilizational embodiments.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Civilization, modern – history"
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Costello, Paul. „The goals of the world historians : paradigms in world history in twentieth century“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74629.
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Following Nietzsche, Oswald Spengler posed the central problems of the cyclical history of civilization in the twentieth century. Subsequent world historical theorists have attempted to answer Spengler's nihilistic perspective on the destined rise and fall of all cultures by rescuing a progressive movement which transcended the downfall of civilizations. World history since Spengler has been written in pursuit of an answer to the crises of modernism: to the 'Death of God,' the problem of progress, the emergent technological order with its bureaucratic management of society, and the need sensed by the metahistorians for a new 'mythical' grounding to avert the fall of the West. The "Crisis of the West" dominates the perspectives of the world historians. Their goals for the solution of 'modernism,' through the religious transformation of society or political and cultural world unity, are central to their motivation as writers and to the formulation of their paradigms.
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Rhodes, Anthony. „Jacob Burckhardt: History and the Greeks in the Modern Context“. PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/279.
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In the following study I reappraise the nineteenth century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897). Burckhardt is traditionally known for having served as the elder colleague and one-time muse of Friedrich Nietzsche at the University of Basel and so his ideas are often considered, by comparison, outmoded or inapposite to contemporary currents of thought. My research explodes this conception by abandoning the presumption that Burckhardt was in some sense "out of touch" with modernity. By following and significantly expanding upon the ideas of historians such as Allan Megill, Lionel Gossman, Hayden White, Joseph Mali, John Hinde and Richard Sigurdson, among others, I am able to portray Burckhardt as conversely inaugurating a historiography laden with elements of insightful social criticism. Such criticisms are in fact bolstered by virtue of their counter-modern characteristic. Burckhardt reveals in this way a perspicacity that both anticipates Nietzsche's own critique of modernity and in large part moves well beyond him. Much of this analysis is devised through a genealogical approach to Burckhardt which places him squarely within a cohesive branch of post-Kantian thought that I have called heterodox post-Kantianism. My study revaluates Burckhardt through the alembic of a "discursive" post-Kantian turn which reinvests many of his outré ideas, including his radical appropriation of historical representation, his non-teleological historiography, his various pessimistic inclinations, and additionally, his non-empirical, "aesthetic" study of history, or "mythistory," with a newfound philosophical germaneness. While I survey the majority of Burckhardt's output in the course of my work, I invest a specific focus in his largely unappreciated Greek lectures (given in 1869 but only published in English in full at the end of the twentieth century). Burckhardt's "dark" portrayal of the Greeks serves to not only upset traditional conceptions of antiquity but also the manner in which self-conception is informed through historical inquiry. Burckhardt returns us then to an altogether repressed antiquity: to a hidden, yet internal "dream of a shadow." My analysis culminates with an attempt to reassess the place of Burckhardt's ideas for modernity and to correspondingly reexamine Nietzsche. In particular, I highlight the disparity between Nietzsche's and Burckhardt's reception of the "problem of power," including the latter's reluctance - which was attended by ominous and highly prescient predictions of future large-scale wars and the steady "massification" of western society - to accept Nietzsche's acclamation of a final "will to power." Burckhardt teaches us the value of history as an active counterforce to dominant modern reality-formations and in doing so, his work rehabilitates the relevance of history for a world which, as Burckhardt once noted, suffers today from a superfluity of present-mindedness.
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Rubio, Diego. „The ethics of deception : secrecy, transparency and deceit in the origins of modern political thought“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3e92fabc-9e47-41a5-a739-00a0f67d6dcf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the importance that deception has had on the efficient functioning of societies and the development of individuals. I attempt to do so by adopting an historical perspective, analysing the development of the notion of lawful deception during the Middle Ages and, mainly, the Early Modern Age through theological and political discourses. The scope of my investigation is pan-European. I examine sources from the major Western territories, but I pay special attention to those produced in the Spanish-Habsburg Empire, which was a major political and cultural entity during this period. My claim is that between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, the West witnessed the formation of what I call an "Ethics of Deception:" a trend of thought that, without challenging the Augustinian prohibition of lying, recognised deception as intrinsic to nature and mankind, thereby justifying its use from moral and political perspectives. I explain how this intellectual process was conducted, fostered by new social realities, and helped by the flourishing of casuistry, tacitism and neostoicism. Furthermore, I argue that the acceptance of deception contributed to the creation of a new view of the world, language and human interaction. A view that is in the very basis of some of the most characteristic features of Baroque art and that opened the door to some of the most transcendental cultural changes of the period, such as the creation of politics governed by reason rather than faith, the secularisation of social behaviour, and the emergence of the notions of individualism, privacy and freedom of thought. For these reasons, I claim that deception played an important role in the shaping of Modernity.
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Sola, García Diego. „La formación de un paradigma de Oriente en la Europa moderna: la Historia del Gran Reino de la China de Juan González de Mendoza“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394731.
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Esta tesis aborda un caso paradigmático del proceso de mundialización: la militancia del fraile agustino Juan González de Mendoza (1545-1618) en el proyecto imperial hispánico tuvo como consecuencia una obra, la Historia del Gran Reino de la China (Roma, 1585), con la que culminó la formación de una imagen moderna de China en Europa. Su diseminación por Europa transformó el libro de producto cultural fiel a sus objetivos de origen en un valioso testimonio de la literatura de viajes de la Edad Moderna.
La tesis se ha desarrollado dentro de las siguientes líneas de trabajo: el estudio del papel de los religiosos ibéricos en China como creadores y mediadores culturales durante la Edad Moderna (siglos XVI-XVII) y el análisis de la elaboración de una imagen específica de Oriente a través de la elaboración y circulación de relaciones y cartas que versaban sobre la «materia oriental» en los imperios ibéricos (España y Portugal).
En este marco, se ha estudiado la Historia del Gran Reino de la China como fuente fundamental para el conocimiento de la China de la dinastía Ming; un estudio del diálogo de su autor con sus fuentes y un análisis del proceso de conceptualización de la civilización china. Por otra parte, se ha llevado a cabo una reconstrucción de la vida de su autor, Juan González de Mendoza, y su producción intelectual como memorialista y arbitrista de la Monarquía Hispana como mediador cultural entre dos mundos.This thesis focuses on a paradigmatic case of the early modern globalization: how the militancy of the Augustinian friar Juan González de Mendoza (1545-1618) in the Spanish imperial project resulted in a work, the Historia del Gran Reino de la China (Roma, 1585), that was the culmination of the formation of an early modern picture of China in Europe. The diffusion of this work around of Europe transformed the book from a cultural product faithful to its objectives in a valuable testimony of the early modern travel literature. The thesis has been developed within the following lines of work: the study of the role of the Iberian missionaries in China as creators and cultural mediators during the early modern times (XVI-XVII centuries) and the analysis of the development of a specific picture of the East through the production and circulation of accounts and letters focused on the Eastern topics within the Iberian empires (Spain and Portugal). In this frame it has been studied different points of interest: the Historia del Gran Reino de la China as a key source for understanding China's Ming Dynasty, the dialogue of the author with its sources and, finally, an analysis of the process of conceptualization of Chinese civilization. On the other hand, Mendoza’s life has been reconstructed, and it has been analyzed his intellectual production as a memorialist and «arbitrista» of the Spanish monarchy, following his role as cultural mediator between two worlds.
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Nunes, Gabriel Carneiro. „O cinema vai a guerra : imagens em movimento da Guerra Hispano-Americana (1898-1901) /“. Assis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190979.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto Sampaio BarbosaBanca: José Luis Bendicho Beired
Banca: Carolina Amaral de Aguiar
Resumo: A Guerra Hispano-Americana (1898) aconteceu em decorrência da expansão imperialista dos Estados Unidos no momento em que sua industrialização crescia em ritmo acelerado. Eliminando os últimos resquícios da colonização espanhola no continente americano, Cuba e Filipinas foram os primeiros alvos de uma política agressiva dos nacionalistas estadunidenses para assegurar o slogan proposto pela Doutrina Monroe, "América para os Americanos". Nos principais centros urbanos dos Estados Unidos, a modernidade atingia a percepção dos indivíduos por meio da inovação tecnológica que dimensionava o tempo e o espaço, a velocidade da máquina mesclava o orgânico e o mecânico. Nas ruas, inúmeras propagandas visuais atordoavam os olhares, os jornais impressos traziam notícias sensacionalistas de interesses políticos e o comportamento dos cidadãos se padronizava através das revistas periódicas. Os vaudevilles, teatros de variedades, canalizavam essa sociedade caótica através da miscelânea de espetáculos e shows, o cinema se desenvolvia neste ambiente. Quando o conflito entre a Espanha e os Estados Unidos entrou em vigor, o cinema participou pela primeira vez de uma guerra, se misturando com todas as formas de comunicação do período e exercendo, de forma inédita, uma postura ativa na formação da opinião pública. O trabalho a seguir compreende como foi a participação dos filmes produzidos pela Edison Company e pela American Biograph e Mutoscope, diante desse enredo. Utilizando 68 filmes presentes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Spanish-American War (1898) happened as a result of the United States's imperialist expansion at the time its industrialization grew at a accelerated pace. Eliminating the last remnants of Spanish colonization in the American continent, Cuba and the Philippines were the first targets of an American nationalists's aggressive policy to ensure the slogan proposed by the Monroe doctrine "America for Americans". In the main United States's urban centers, modernity reached the individuals perception through technological innovation that dimensioned the time and the space, the machine's speed merged the organic and the mechanic. In the streets, countless visual advertisements stunned the looks, the printed newspapers brought sensationalist news of political interests and the citizens behaviour was standardized through periodic journals. The vaudevilles, variety theaters, channeled this chaotic society through the miscellaneous of performances and shows, the cinema was being developed in this environment. When the conflict between Spain and the United States came into effect, the cinema participated for the first time in a war, mingling with all forms of communication in the period and exerting, in an unprecedented way, an active posture in the public opinion formation. The following work compromises how was the participation of the films produced by the Edison Company and the American Biograph and Mutoscope, before this plot. Using 68 films present in the Spanish American War... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Garcia, i. Marrasé Neus Elisabeth. „La huella de Osiris en tiempos de Felipe II. La recepción del mito egipcio en la Monarquía hispánica de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666873.
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Pese a haber permanecido prácticamente desatendida por la historiografía, la recepción del mito egipcio en tiempos de Felipe II no puede considerarse como residual o anecdótica. Se trata de un fenómeno en la Monarquía de la segunda mitad del XVI que, aun ser difícil de detectar, está en concomitancia con el interés que lo egipcio suscitó en la Europa renacentista. La presente investigación se adentra en los entresijos de cómo se articuló esa recepción, ciertamente intensa y volcada en fuentes tan y tan heterogéneas que llegó al punto de originar un renacimiento egipcio y un renacimiento jeroglífico específicos para el caso español. Al margen de los clásicos, en los círculos humanistas era conocido el alcance de los referentes asidos del antiguo Egipto. Un Egipto, eso sí, transformado respecto a sus cánones faraónicos, filtrado por las fuentes grecolatinas, corrompido por la tradición bíblica, adulterado por graníticas connotaciones herméticas, y distorsionado por la mentalidad e ideales renacentistas. De ahí que este estudio se adentre en la búsqueda de la huella de Osiris, es decir, la impronta de lo egipcio dibujada en suelo hispánico con contornos diversos e hilvanada mediante un discurso egiptizante (lingüístico; mito-genealógico e historiográfico; jeroglífico en torno a su estudio y vías de aplicación; médico-farmacológico relativo a las momias). Estamos, pues, ante un tema de investigación que amplía las perspectivas del estudio de la siempre compleja Monarquía hispánica y sus múltiples visiones.Despite remaining almost neglected by Historiography, the presence of Ancient Egypt in Philip II’s time is located on the frame of the Egyptian Myth reception during the second half of the XVIth century Spanish Monarchy. Succinctly, my contribution studies how this reception was articulated through the interpretation of heterogeneous sources that allow formulating the existence of an Egyptian and Hieroglyphic Renascences for the Hispanic case. Beyond the referents of Classical Antiquity, the intellectual forces of Humanism knew about the importance of those taken from Ancient Egypt. Anyway, a completely transformed Egypt from its pharaonic canons, filtered by Greco-Latin sources, corrupted by the Biblical tradition, undermined by the Renaissance ideas, and interfered by Hermetic connotations. All in all, we are going to research into the so-called trace of Osiris; that’s to say the ‘footmark’ of Egypt drawn on the Hispanic context through various contours and revealed thanks to an egyptianizing discourse in several areas (Linguistics; Mythical Genealogy and Historiography; Hieroglyphic studies and their applied ways; Pharmacopoeia and Medicine about mummies). Thus, we are facing a research that extends the perspectives in the different visions of the complex Spanish Monarchy.
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Lamal, Nina. „Le orecchie si piene di Fiandra : Italian news and histories on the Revolt in the Netherlands (1566-1648)“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6902.
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This thesis examines the Italian news reports, political debates and histories of the revolt in the Netherlands between 1566 and 1648. Many Italians were directly involved in this conflict and were keen narrators of these wars. Despite this, a systematic study of the Italian interest for the conflict has not yet been undertaken. This thesis argues that the complex political constellation of the Italian peninsula, dominated by the Habsburg monarchy, shaped the Italian news, debates and interpretations of the Dutch Revolt. Chapter one examines the different ways in which news from the Low Countries reached Italian states. It demonstrates that Italian military officers, active on the battlefield in the Netherlands in the Habsburg army, played a crucial role as purveyors of news and opinion on the conflict. The two following chapters study the circulation of political treatises on the Italian peninsula. Chapter two reconstructs the debates sparked by the events in the Low Countries between 1576 and 1577. Chapter three examines the descriptions of the emergence of a new state in the Northern Netherlands and the discourses on war and peace between 1590 and 1609. Chapter four looks into the development of a market for printed news pamphlets and explores the connections between manuscript and printed news. Chapter five studies how news was used by Italian history writers in their contemporary chronicles. It also investigates how these authors celebrated Italian protagonists in the war as Italian and Catholic heroes. The conclusion examines the evolution of all these Italian discourses related to Dutch Revolt.
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Gracia, Arnau Ivan. „Representacions textuals de la violència: Barcelona, Corpus de 1640“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671228.
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La present tesi doctoral realitza una anàlisi textual de les fonts que, entre 1640 i 1709, van narrar els fets del Dia de Corpus Christi de 1640 (també conegut com Corpus de Sang), dia en el que una revolta popular a Barcelona va acabar amb la vida del virrei de Catalunya. El principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi és identificar les estratègies narratives que van vehicular la representació textual dels fets en cartes, dietaris, escrits polítics, cròniques, relacions i històries escrites o publicades durant i després de la Guerra dels Segadors (1640-1652). A partir de la contextualització i comparació de les fonts seleccionades, la recerca conclou que la representació textual dels fets va estar determinada per diferents esquemes narratius que van condicionar la descripció de la violència protagonitzada per la multitud. En definitiva, aquest treball proposa que la interpretació històrica dels fets del Dia de Corpus Christi de 1640 no pot ser realitzada sense una mirada crítica a les representacions textuals que el van succeir.This dissertation aims at doing a textual analysis of the sources that, between 1640 and 1709, narrated the events of Corpus Christi Day in 1640 (also known as Corpus de Sang), when a popular revolt killed the Viceroy of Catalonia in Barcelona. The goal of this thesis is to identify the narrative strategies in letters, diaries, political writings, chronicles, relacions and histories written or published during and after the Reapers' War (1640-1652) that conveyed the textual representation of the events. After the contextualisation and comparison of the selected sources, the research concludes that the textual representation of the events was shaped by different narrative schemes when it came to the description of violence carried out by the crowd. To sum up, this work proposes that the historical interpretation of the events of Corpus Christi Day in 1640 cannot be made without a critical look at the textual representations that followed it.
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Robson, Graham David. „Scots abroad, nationalism at home : Kailyard and Kilt as gatekeepers? 1885-1979“. Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24275.
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The emigration of the Scots from the 18th to the 20th century has produced a diaspora. The thesis outlines how many diasporas are involved in the nationalist projects of their homeland. However, over the chronology of this study and beyond, whilst there were active movements to amend or end the Union of 1707, it has been found that the Scots were not. The thesis then proposes some explanations for this. Chapters one and two introduce methods, research material and context; they describe the Union, the emigrations and diasporas. The study uses for comparison purposes the Irish and Norwegian diasporas. Lines of enquiry such as nationalism, the use of soft power and gatekeeping behaviour are presented, with a discussion of Scottish nationalism. The study examines the approach to involving the diaspora of five groups; both SHRAs, the International Scots Home Rule League, the National Convention and the NPS/SNP. The response of Scottish MPs in the diaspora in England to the many attempts to legislate for home rule is also examined. The approach to the diaspora was found to be badly executed and targeted. Few visits were made, and only to the US and Canada. Communication was unfocussed and spasmodic. The Scottish associational clubs were frequently used as a conduit. A small part of the whole diaspora, these acted as gatekeepers, selectively mobilising for themselves as an elite which had no need of nationalism as they could succeed without it. Comparing the Irish, whose diaspora successfully supported its nationalist causes at home, is instructive. The study concludes that the spasmodic and amateurish nature of contact, the nature of the Associations and that of the diaspora itself were the main culprits in this case of a diaspora indifferent to the fate of nationalism in its home land.
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Becker, Thomas. „Mann und Weib - schwarz und weiß : die wissenschaftliche Konstruktion von Geschlecht und Rasse 1650-1900 /“. Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Campus, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013185456&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Civilization, modern – history"
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Christopher, James R. Modern Western civilization. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1991.
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1949-, Reinhardt Steven G., Reinhartz Dennis und McNeill William Hardy 1917-, Hrsg. Transatlantic History. College Station: Published for the University of Texas at Arlington by Texas A&M University Press, 2006.
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Akenson, Donald Harman. An Irish history of civilization. Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006.
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Horowitz, Irving Louis. Culture & civilization. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 2009.
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H, Pittock Joan, und Wear A. 1946-, Hrsg. Interpretation and cultural history. New York: St Martin's Press, 1991.
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Sentā, Kokusai Kyōiku Jōhō, Hrsg. Japan in modern history. Tokyo: International Society for Educational Information, 1995.
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Davis, Walter W. Eastern & western history, thought & culture, 1600-1815. Lanham: University Press of America, 1993.
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Rosenzweig, Linda W. Themes in modern social history. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie-Mellon University Press, 1985.
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Cho, Wan-je. A cultural history of modern Korea: A history of Korean civilization. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym, 2000.
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Cooper, Barry. The meaning of technology at the end of history. Minneapolis, Minn: Center for Humanistic Studies, University of Minnesota, 1986.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Civilization, modern – history"
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Ma, Linghe. „Modern Chinese Civilization“. In The History of Chinese Civilization, 155–78. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7125-1_9.
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Tucker, Ernest. „Islamic Civilization: The Classical Era“. In The Middle East in Modern World History, 17–30. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351031707-2.
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Manolessou, Io. „Learned Byzantine Literature and Modern Linguistics“. In Studies in Byzantine History and Civilization, 13–33. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.sbhc-eb.1.102122.
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Cleveland, William L., und Martin Bunton. „The Development of Islamic Civilization to the Fifteenth Century“. In A History of the Modern Middle East, 19–34. Sixth edition. | Boulder, CO : Westview Press, 2017.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429495502-3.
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Zhang, Jinfan. „The Dawn of Modern Legal Civilization Emerged in the Law Revision of the Late Qing Dynasty“. In The History of Chinese Legal Civilization, 297–369. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_7.
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Zhang, Jinfan. „The Developments and Setbacks of the Chinese Modern Legal Civilization During the Period of the Beijing Government (1912–1928)“. In The History of Chinese Legal Civilization, 573–610. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_13.
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Zhang, Jinfan. „Da Qing Xing Lv (the Criminal Law of Great Qing): A New Chapter Reflecting the Civilization of Modern Criminal Law“. In The History of Chinese Legal Civilization, 371–428. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_8.
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Nawangwe, Barnabas. „Africa’s Destiny and Higher Education Transformation“. In The Promise of Higher Education, 215–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_33.
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AbstractAfrica, the cradle of mankind and civilization, presents the best example of a people falling from the most culturally and technologically advanced society to the most backward and marginalized. While other ancient civilizations like China, Babylon, and India either transformed and survived or persisted in the case of China, the Egyptian civilization was destroyed and was never to recover. The University of Sankore at Timbuktu, established in the 13th century and recognized by many scholars as one of the oldest universities on earth, is testimony to the advancement in scholarship that Africa had attained before any other civilization. But that is all history. Instead, Africa remains the most marginalized continent, viewed by many as a hopeless sleeping giant without any hope for awakening and moving forward as part of a modern global society.
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Mehl, Margaret. „4. From Rites and Music to National Music“. In Music and the Making of Modern Japan, 127–38. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0374.04.
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Chapter 4, ‘From Rites and Music to National Music’, shows how both in Europe and in the Sinosphere (East Asian Cultural Sphere), of which Japan was a part, concepts of music were intimately linked to concepts of civilization. When Japan embarked on re-inventing itself as a modern nation, modelled on the most powerful Western nations, Eastern and Western conceptions of civilization became intertwined. A remarkable example of this process is Konakamura Kiyonori’s book Kabu ongaku ryakushi (A concise history of singing, dancing and music in Japan, 1888), the first work of its kind. It includes two prefaces, one written in Sinitic (kanbun) – unlike the work itself –, by a leading scholar of Chinese learning, and one in English by Basil Hall Chamberlain, recently appointed the first professor of Japanese philology at the Imperial University of Tokyo. Together with these, the work, in effect, straddles two epistemes. Most significantly, it served to both elevate the music of the common people of Japan to a national asset while simultaneously legitimizing musical borrowing, whether from China in the past or the West in the present.
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Elshayeb, Yasser. „30 Years of Cultural Heritage Landslides and Block Movements Risk Assessment: Case Studies from Egypt“. In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 169–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_14.
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AbstractThroughout history, sites of high societal values, such as temples, tombs or palaces were mainly constructed through the digging/carving of rocks, built on hills or plateaus, or through the usage of carved/cut displaced rocks. Ancient designers/engineers/workers usually chose construction sites as to facilitate the building or the carving of stones, while, at the same time, serving the purpose of the building/constructions. In Egypt, throughout the ancient Egyptian Civilization, Egyptians have chosen to carve their temples and tombs in the soft limestone, shales and sandstones that are covering most of the modern Egypt, whereas in few temples and tombs, hard igneous and metamorphic rocks were used as ornament material for tombs and statutes. In this paper, we will present an account of the development of landslide risk assessment for various cultural heritage sites around Egypt, for different eras of Egyptian history and different sites. This paper aims at discussing different case studies and success stories of landslides and block movements hazards assessment around or inside Egyptian Cultural Heritage sites.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Civilization, modern – history"
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Kulathunga, Sadani, Thilini Perera, TGUP Perera und Chameera Udawattha. „Urban Farming: A Review on Techniques Used in Urban Farming in Mayan Civilizations“. In SLIIT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCEMENTS IN SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES [SICASH]. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/zjvj6847.
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Urban farming (UF) is emerging in the urban areas of the modern world due to food scarcity in urban areas. Urban agriculture is enjoying a resurgence in popularity that began decades ago. It's now widely acknowledged and accepted as a means of gaining several environmental, economic, and social advantages. However, the cradle of urban farming is from our ancestral civilization. Hence, documenting different urban farming techniques used by our ancestors is very important. Consequently, this study is launched to study how our ancestors used urban farming to feed their ever-growing urban population. To structure the database, the UF-related words and keywords are divided into five categories. After that, using different keyword combinations for both ‘history’ and UF the online databases Scopus, ScienceDirect and ISI Web of Science (WoS) were searched. The samples presented here demonstrate the diversity of landscapes found in the Mayan Civilizations. Spatial variances in the underlying environment, various environmental changes, and civilizations' adaptability across time all contributed to this heterogeneity. Whether this civilization chose to focus on agriculture in wetlands or dry uplands, how they dealt with the annual problem of the dry season and water availability, and how diverse and nutritious soils were across the broader landscape all showcase the adaptive strategies used by the civilization to suit the different environmental conditions. Techniques like Raised bed farming in Mayan Civilization, are great examples of their adaptability to the climatic changes using creative solutions. All these civilizations flourished for centuries before their collapse. As a framework for addressing community cohesiveness and food access, Urban farming is entering a new phase. Urban agriculture has the potential to help people adapt to climate change. Mitigation and adaptation will be aided by avoiding reliance on fragile transportation connections, experimenting with seasonality and crop selection, and developing community bonds. When new challenges develop, urban agriculture will be there to meet them, and it will continue to evolve as it reacts to key issues that shape our cities. And to aid this process a comprehensive look at the ancient world’s agro-urban civilizations would be very beneficial. Keywords: Urban Agricultural History, Urban Farming History, Mayan Civilizations
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Peng, Zhen. „Analysis of the modern significance of the traditional Chinese theater Yuan Zaju (1271–1368)“. In 4th International Conference Modern Culture and Communication. Institute for Peace and Conflict Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/978-5-6048848-7-4-11.
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China is an ancient civilization with a history of 5,000 years, with a long history and many ethnic groups. From the Han Dynasty to the middle of the Tang Dynasty, there were "baixi" (百戏) and "Can Jun xi" (参军)). During the Middle and late Tang Dynasty, opera was gradually formed. During the Song-Jin dynasties, opera developed rapidly and laid the foundation for the Yuan Ming Opera. This article, firstly, examines the historical and cultural background of the Yuan Zaju and analyzes the reasons for their popularity in feudal society; secondly, the plot structure of the Yuan Zaju has a linear course. The main structural scheme of Yuan-Zaju and its modern social influence.
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Chaplygin, A. V., und M. A. Popova. „DIGITAL SOCIETY AS A RESULT OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: TO THE HISTORY OF THE ISSUE“. In Digital society: problems and prospects of development. Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/dsppd2021_66-70.
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This article examines the features and capabilities of the information society based on the production and sale of qualitatively new technologies that have allowed modern civilization to create an even more advanced electronic-digital way of storing and disseminating information.
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Rezer, Tatiana. „History of Corruption & Social Values“. In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-75.
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A study of the history of corruption and the penalties for it has inadvertently led to the conclusion that this socially dangerous phenomenon not only fails to disappear from public administration, but continues to remain and increase, having the features of a transnational phenomenon that affects societies and economies of all countries. Throughout history, there has been an evolution of corruption parallel to the evolution of the state. Corruption undermines democratic institutions and values and the ethical values of the individual, leading to a double standard of behaviour in both public service and civil society. In Russia, corruption is recognised by both officials and the population. The main purpose of the study is to examine the manifestation of corruption and methods of counteracting it from a historical perspective. Objectives: analyse the forms and methods of corruption control as viewed through the prism of historical experience; consider contemporary manifestations of corruption from a position of social values. Research methods: a comparative analysis method to investigate the manifestation of corruption and the possibilities for its prevention from a historical perspective. Main conclusions: corruption is a multi-faceted and multi-dimensional phenomenon that is seen and studied as an economic, political, social and cultural problem; social values are the basis of a modern preventive mechanism against corruption; public policy against corruption is the main mechanism and strategy.
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Frederick, Jesse Donald. „History and Future of Oil Production in California“. In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209304-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents a historic overview of the resource and technology for exploration and the production of hydrocarbons that has literally propelled California to be the "Golden State", as well as created modern civilization as we know it today; it is difficult to imagine its elimination by fiat. Also, the paper specifically looks forward into the next challenges for the professionals charged with implementing new applied science to the current policy shift of a steady transition from carbon to the hydrogen economy while "making energy happen" for the consumer. Looking at history one sees California specifically, needs to make technically-based prudent regulatory provisions to make sure the industry is in place and ready with the flexible capacity for an "open-up" of energy in order to deliver resources absent adaptive measures such as idled standby wells or massive reserves in above ground storage. Crisis response to conditions resulting from the lack of robust adaptive infrastructure demands either a high level of capacity/inventory of essentials or a just-in-time response which draws on a large-shared pool of resource or one risks the high impact shocks to the lower quartile Californians.
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Olekh, G. „IN DEFENSE OF THE SOCIO-NATURAL APPROACH: SEVERAL COMMENTS ON E.S. KULPIN-GUBAIDULLIN'S ARTICLES ON PETER'S MODERNIZATION“. In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2581.s-n_history_2021_44/27-33.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of the late (2012-2014) works of E. S. Kulpin-Gubaidullin to establish the main reasons for the refusal of the Soviet and Russian philosopher from the application of the methodology of socio-natural history (hereinafter SNH) to the historical past of Russia. The analysis itself is carried out in the paradigmatic line of the SNH and concerns the features of the presentation and interpretation by E. S. Kulpin-Gubaidullin of the prerequisites, the course, and consequences of Peter I's reforms. Special attention is paid to the influence of the natural factor on the formation and transformation of the basic values of Russian civilization
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Matusewicz, T. „The Culture-Forming Effect of a Bridge as a Spatial-temporal Cultural Code“. In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0276.
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<p>The aim of this article is to find a common platform between builders/designers of bridges and creators/consumers of culture, in order to present this very important industry and its influence on nature and society, considering the meeting in mental and sensual space, which has a visual message similar in structure to the bridge. For a modern man, surrounded by dynamic and multifaceted visual environment, living between digital information overload and material messages without narrative translation is a significant perceptual challenge. To face this challenge, it would be helpful to analyse the structure of surrounding iconography. Our cognitive imperative defines the level of our awareness and responsibility for the place we live in. We must co-create it. This requires us to recognise the expectations of recipients. The ability to recognise is an inexhaustible depository of knowledge about the cultural and national identity, about the entire European civilization and world heritage, as well as about mechanisms of aggregation and connecting different values: results of activities arising from the culture-rooted need to seek the truth, the meaning of our deeds and civilizational discourses that mix together in the public space. We are dealing with an inexhaustible collection of information - cultural codes, important in cognitive, interpretation processes and in developing new meanings. [2] Cultural codes in the construction industry are assigned with an equivalent of complementary values, such as: wisdom, operational logic, durability, wealth. They are carriers of positive action and a constructive visual communication in terms of form and function, resulting in a clear concise message with a wide range of references to the bridge: connecting river banks, people, creating communication across boundaries. The presence of the code is common on multiple levels of social interaction</p>
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Lisovetc, Irina. „The Modern Multi-Functional Cultural Center (Yeltsin Center) as a Platform for Dialogue Both Public & Private“. In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-11.
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The article covers the modern multi-functional cultural centre as an institution of Russian culture of the 21st Century in the terms of the interaction of publicity and privacy. On the basis of the institutional approach in cultural theory and the philosophical and aesthetic analysis of the space of the cultural centre, the most important role of this institution in individual and personal assimilation of sociocultural values is substantiated. The objectives (programme) of such an institution, its chronotope and functionality are directed at the involvement of contemporaries into various forms and levels of the culture of the past, and its emotional-sensual assimilation via media-communication technologies. The ‘Yeltsin-Center’ in the city of Yekaterinburg was taken as the example not only for being orientated on the familiarisation of its visitors with the history of the Russian state and its culture of the late 20th century and the early 21st century, but also for the subjective experience of turning points of those times and the city where the personality and activities of the first Russian president were shaped and began. The calibre of the President’s personality, in this case, is diversely represented within the space of the Centre, and becomes crucial for understanding what was going on at that time. The ‘Yeltsin-Center’ is a principally new cultural complex, each component of which, and above all its central part - the Museum of the First President - is structured to show the turning point in Russian history as the President’s life journey and to encourage citizens to understand the past and present. The use of modern information technologies in this cultural complex, and primarily in its museum exhibition having been arranged as an artistic artefact, becomes crucial to the dialogue of publicity and privacy.
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Dmitriyev, Alexey. „The Welfare of Each and Everyone in Russian Legal Theory“. In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-24.
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The prerequisite for the study was the spread of views in the academic literature that the category of public welfare, without accounting for concretising factors, was a void abstraction, and that in Russia, public welfare was seen as the dominant principle over the individual. The main purpose of the study is to analyse the content of the term ‘the welfare of each and everyone’ in Russian legal theory. The author uses the methods of conceptual history and intellectual history to analyse the concept of ‘the welfare of each and everyone’ in the works of pre-revolutionary authors and the relationship between the concepts of ‘the welfare of each and everyone’ and ‘the common good’. The author determined that: ‘public welfare’ can be classified as fiction, purpose, method, interest and balance, depending on the context of use and semantic scope. The term ‘the welfare of each and every one’ became theoretically meaningful (as an objective, method, and interest), and was enshrined in law in Russian Empire in the XVIII -early XX centuries. The term was understood as achieving the common good, preserving the good of everyone and the reduction of public harm. Twentyfirst century Russian legal theory uses the related notion of ‘public welfare’, understood as a fiction, a goal, a method, an interest, a balance. The main findings of the study suggest that today the ‘public welfare’ is reduced to bringing benefits to anyone and everyone (D. I. Dedov), which is close to the historical understanding of ‘the welfare of each and every one’. The public welfare theory incorporates progressive elements such as the veil of ignorance, the win-win principle, and shapes institutions, resources, practices and formulates the issue of the emergence of a new generation of human rights.
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Babić, Mile. „The Crisis of Ethically Neutral Science“. In Međunardona naučna konferencija: Sistem nauke-faktor poticaja ili ograničavanja razvoja. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2021.200.15.
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Current crisis of morality in scientific and technical civilization leads us to a common ruin because modern science (which is free of morality) is inextricably linked to technology, and can therefore be called technoscience. As such, today it has a monopoly on knowledge of the world and therefore has the greatest power in history and is in tight collusion with the holders of power: the economy, politics, medicine, media, countries and multinational corporations. To have the greatest imaginable power (which, according to Kant, corrupts the freedom of mental reasoning), while being free from the morals that limit that power, means to turn the world into a world of the most modern barbarism and violence, destruction and self-destruction. Only morally responsible science is capable for future and it is the premise of a civilization capable of the future. Only responsible science can prevent science from turning into a comprehensive dogma. Therefore, science must be free from any ideology that depicts reality in black and white and thus produces vanity, hatred and violence. Global science requires a global ethos (global responsibility). Science cares about the truth that liberates us from lies and connects us into a single community. The fundamental ethical imperative primum non nocere (“first, do no harm”) is valid everywhere and forever. Ethically responsible science requires a change in the consciousness of the individual and a rediscovery of the idea of brotherhood. No human action should undermine and destroy existing reality, but rather improve it.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Civilization, modern – history"
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Lylo, Taras. Ideologemes of modern Russian propaganda in Mikhail Epstein’s essayistic interpretations. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11404.
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The article analyzes the main anti-propaganda accents in Mikhail Epstein’s essayistic argumentation about such messages of modern Russian propaganda as “Russia is threatened by an external enemy”, “Russia is a significant, powerful country”, “The collapse of the USSR was a tragedy”, “Russia is a special spiritual civilization”, “Our cause in Donbass is sacred”, “The enemy uses, or may use of illegal weapons”... A special emphasis is placed on the fact that the basis of these concepts is primarily ontological rather than ideological. Ideology is rather a cover for problematic Russian existence as a consequence of Russia’s problematic identity and for its inability to find itself in history. As a result, Russia is trying to resolve its historical issues geographically, through spatial expansion, trying to implement ideologemes such as “The Great Victory. We can repeat” or “Novorossia”. That is why M. Epstein clearly identifies the national and psychological basis of the Kremlin’s behavior in 2014-2021. М. Epstein easily refutes the main ideologemes of Russian propaganda. This gives grounds to claim that Russian political technologists use the classical principles of propaganda: ignore people who think; if the addressee is the masses, focus on a few simple points; reduce each problem to the lowest common denominator that the least educated person can repeat and remember; be guided by historical realities that appeal to well-known events and symbols and appeal to emotions, not to the mind. М. Epstein’s argumentation clearly points to another feature of modern Russian propaganda: if Soviet propaganda was concerned with the plausibility of its lies, then Kremlin propaganda does not care at all. It totally spreads lies, often ignoring even attempts to offer half-truth.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, Oktober 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.
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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).